高雄醫學大學 99 學年度碩士班招生考試 英文試題 試題第 頁
Total Pages: 5
1
Part I. Question 1 to 10, please choose the answer closest to the underlined word or phrase. Question 11 to 15, please choose the answer that best completes the sentence. One Answer Only. 2 points.
1. Some of the potential dangers to cows treated with synthetic bovine growth hormone were brought into light through the effort of some scientist.
(A) related (B) possible (C) certain (D) obvious
2. As more U.S workers spend their days at keyboards, hand injuries and lawsuits are multiplying. (A) increasing (B) minimizing (C) boundary-crossing (D) profit-making
3. There are several bodies that match volunteers with voluntary groups, including the National Volunteering Centre.
(A) organizations (B) remains (C) people (D) motivations
4. Piaget believed that we go through four stages in understanding the world. Each of the stages is age-related and consists of distinct ways of thinking.
(A) new (B) simple (C) different (D) exact
5. Some people think that spoken language is transient but writing tends to last because of its physical medium (characters on some surface).
(A) unimportant (B) temporary (C) interesting (D) clear
6. But what most prevents women from reaching the boardroom, say bosses and headhunters, is lack of
hands-on experience of a firm’s core business.
(A) significant (B) available (C) tested (D) practical
7. Manufactured in the tranquil New England town of Concord, New Hampshire, the famous Concord Coach came to symbolize the Wild West.
(A) peaceful (B) bustling (C) industrial (D) tiny
8. With oil prices shooting up, the demand for big cars is dwindling. Now compact cars are on great demand. (A) depressing (B) surpassing (C) decreasing (D) swirling
9. All of this she conferred on me without ever setting foot in the kitchen of her house. (A) leaving (B) dressing (C) entering (D) preparing
10. In choosing your career, you should follow your heart, but you also need to be rational.
(A) making decisions based on intelligent thinking (B) making decisions using strong emotion of feeling (C) making decisions because of relationships (D) making decision because of profits
11. ________ abolishing death penalty is a global trend, the public is so polarized over the issue that it requires more discussion.
(A) Because (B) Whereas (C) Although (D) In addition to
12. Women now often work areas ________ medicine, business management and higher education, which would not have been possible 100 years ago.
(A) regardless of (B) in virtue of (C) due to (D) such as
13. Both the National Cancer Institute and the World Health Organization say there isn't evidence to support the assertion that cell phones are a ______ threat.
(A) health public (B) healthy public (C) public-health (D) publically health 14. _______ on barren slopes can help prevent erosion.
(A) Planting trees (B) For trees to be planted (C) In order to plant trees (D) Trees are planted 15. Almost four in five people around the world believe that ____________, a poll for the BBC World Service suggests.
(A) access the Internet is a fundamental right (B) that access to the Internet is a fundamental right (C) fundamental right accessing the Internet is (D) the fundamental right is access the Internet
高雄醫學大學 99 學年度碩士班招生考試 英文試題 試題第 頁
Total Pages: 5
2
II. Question 16 to 25, please choose the best answer to fill each of the numbered blanks in the passages. 2 points each.
People communicate in many different ways and yawning is one important means of 16
communication. It gives many different 17 to people and everyone yawns. Some birds, reptiles, fish and most mammals also yawn. However, the reason why we do it is still a mystery. There is also very little research available on yawning as for most people, it is not a problematic 18 . Here are a few things that are know about yawns: 1). The 19 duration of a yawn is about six seconds; 2.) in humans, the
20 yawn happens about eleven weeks after conception; 3.) Yawns become contagious to people
between the first and second years of life.
16. (A) audio (B) friendly (C) non-verbal (D) scenario 17. (A) messages (B) funs (C) challenges (D) experiments 18. (A) resistance (B) repeat (C) reflex (D) rejection 19. (A) critical (B) analytical (C) terminal (D) average 20. (A) most difficult (B) earliest (C) most fundamental (D) experiential
Culture shock can be an excellent lesson 21 human differences. The reason culture shock occurs is that we are not prepared for these differences. 22 the way we are taught in our culture, we are all ethnocentric. This term comes from the Greek root ethnos, 23 a people or group. Thus, it refers to
24 our outlook or world view is centered on our own way of life. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s
own patterns of behavior are the best: the most natural, beautiful, right, or important. Therefore, other people,
25 that they live differently, live by standards that are inhuman, irrational, unnatural, or wrong.
21. (A) on relative values and understanding (B) in relative values and in understanding
(C) about relating values and on understanding (D) by means of relative values and understanding 22. (A) Because of (B) Because (C) In the event of (D) In spite of
23. (A) it means (B) it is meaning (C) meaning (D) by meaning 24. (A) that the fact (B) the fact that (C) the fact (D) the fact that is 25. (A) to the extend (B) by and large (C) more or less (D) drawing a line
III. Reading Comprehension. In this part, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions. Question 26 to 40, you should choose the ONE best answer to each question. 2 points each.
Dariusz Leszczynski, a research professor at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Helsinki, has done studies indicating that radio frequency radiation may create a stress reaction in the cells that line blood vessels, leading to a dangerous breach in the blood-brain barrier. "Mobile-phone radiation may be able to indirectly hurt cells, perhaps by interfering with their ability to repair normal DNA damage," he says. "Given the scientific uncertainty, it's premature to say the use of cell phones is safe."
If radio frequency radiation increases the chances of developing brain cancer, it should show up in long-term studies of cell-phone users. But many epidemiological studies have found no clear connection, including a 2007 Danish Cancer Society study of 421,000 cell-phone users, which led many in the media to conclude that mobiles are harmless. To date, "peer-reviewed scientific evidence has overwhelmingly indicated that wireless
高雄醫學大學 99 學年度碩士班招生考試 英文試題 試題第 頁
Total Pages: 5
3
devices do not pose a risk," says John Walls, a spokesman for CTIA, a global wireless association.
26. According to Prof. Dariusz Leszczynski,
(A) whether or not the use of cell phones is safe is still uncertain. (B) it is proved that cell phone would impair normal DNA. (C) Using cell phones will block blood vessels.
(D) The research on cell phones is not reliable.
27. The passage following these two passages might be about
(A) the autobiography of Dariusz Leszczynski. (B) problems with many of these studies. (C) the development of brain cancer. (D) peer review of cell phones.
While fats have lately acquired a bad image, one should not forget how essential they are. Fats provide the body’s best means of storing energy, a far more efficient energy sources than either carbohydrates or proteins. They act as insulation against cold, as cushioning for the internal organs, and as lubricants. Without fats, energy would have no way to utilize fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, some fats contain fatty acids that contain necessary growth factors and help with the digestion of other food.
An important consideration of fat intake is the ratio of saturated fats to unsaturated fats. Saturated fats, which are derived from dairy products, animal fats, and tropical oils, increase amount of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol may lead to coronary heart disease by building up in the arteries of the heart. However, unsaturated fats, derived from vegetable oils, tend to lower serum cholesterol if taken in a proportion twice that of saturated fats.
The consumption of a variety of fats is necessary, but the intake of too much fat may lead to a variety of health problems. Excessive intake of fats, like all nutritional excesses, is to be avoided.
28. Comparing with carbohydrates or proteins, fats
(A) store food more efficiently. (B) deserve their bad image. (C) consume more oils. (D) provide more fluids.
Which of the followings is the main idea of 29. The main idea of the third paragraph is that
(A) people are eating less and less fat today. (B) fats should be eliminated. (C) excessive consumption of fats may be dangerous to one’s health.
(D) fats taken in the proper proportion may reduce serum cholesterol. 30. With which of the following is the whole passage primarily concerned? (A) The role of fats in human health (B) The dangers of cholesterol (C) The benefits of fats in the diet (D) The importance of good nutrition
Gender Equity
(1) In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of gender equity in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Research publications, including the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation's Tech Savvy (2000) and Women at Work (2003), have documented the troubling shortage of girls and women preparing to work in these fields. In response to this "shrinking pipeline" of girls and women in STEM, a wide array of programs and strategies has been promoted and funded by governmental and nongovernmental organizations.
(2) The AAUW Educational Foundation and the National Science Foundation are among the top
高雄醫學大學 99 學年度碩士班招生考試 英文試題 試題第 頁
Total Pages: 5
4
invested nearly $90 million to fund more than 400 projects specifically aimed at increasing the participation of girls and women in STEM fields. This body of projects presented a unique opportunity to explore the nature of gender equity intervention projects in STEM. Until now, no comparable survey of gender equity intervention projects in STEM has been done.
(3) The research for this report, led by Yasmin Kafai and a team of researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, was guided by several overarching questions: What types of projects have been funded within and across the various STEM disciplines? Are there areas where we have concentrated our efforts, and areas we have overlooked? What patterns emerge among the project types and disciplines? (4) The findings document impressive efforts in preparing girls and women for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics studies and careers and demonstrate a rich and diverse body of gender equity intervention projects within all STEM disciplines. About two-thirds of the projects involved extracurricular informal learning activities such as museum visits and field trips. Equally important were mentoring activities in many forms, ranging from traditional one-to-one to large-scale online versions, and professional
development activities, such as course taking and network building, that were successfully integrated into projects.
(5) At the same time, the findings reveal some troubling trends. Many projects focused predominantly on career advice without providing access to necessary skill and content development. A majority of projects occurred outside the school curriculum. While such extracurricular1 projects can be effective and valuable, the overall lack of integration into the school curriculum suggests that gender equity remains on the margins of teaching and learning in the STEM fields. Finally, an absence of data on participant demographics and a lack of project evaluation make it difficult to determine who is being served and if and how project outcomes are being measured.
31. What does the phrase "shrinking pipeline" in paragraph refer to?
(A) the shortage of oil supply (B) the shortage of labor supply (C) the shortage of training programs (D) an issue that is getting smaller
32. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage 2? (Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.) (A) These projects allowed us to study the differences between men and women employed in STEM jobs. (B) We were able to intervene when women STEM workers were being treated unfairly.
(C) Studying these projects helped to create more gender equity intervention projects. (D) STEM jobs were able to be studied by exploring nature.
33. In paragraph 3, "Are there areas where we have concentrated our efforts, and areas we have overlooked?" In this sentence, "we" refers to
(A) the author and his/her coworkers. (B) people involved in creating gender equity projects. (C) people in the STEM disciplines. (D) Yasmin Kafai and his team.
34. According to paragraph 4, what is one positive finding of this research?
(A) the STEM field is rich and diverse (B) many projects involved mentoring opportunities (C) girls and women are being prepared for STEM jobs (D) the quality of the questions asked 35. According to paragraph 5, what is one negative trend discovered through this research? (A) access to unnecessary content (B) extracurricular projects were common (C) evaluation of the projects was too specific (D) focus on career advice
Chili peppers are decidedly an international phenomenon, spicing up regional dishes from Thailand to North Africa. In Thailand Confidential, this week’s Globalist Bookshelf selection, Jerry Hopkins gives insight
高雄醫學大學 99 學年度碩士班招生考試 英文試題 試題第 頁
Total Pages: 5
5
to the culture and history surrounding this fiery fruit (yes, technically a fruit) and highlights how it may be one of the world’s best medical miracles.
In Thailand－where restaurants rate their dishes by placing one, two, three, and sometimes four little red chilis on the menu next to the dishes’ names to alert diners－I am tolerated. Barely.
A longtime friend, who is a Thai chef, used to bring home food purchased at street stalls and as she placed this on the table, she would point to one container and say, “Mine,” then to another, saying, “Yours.” As if to say, “Poor dear.”
Thailand is not the birthplace of the Capsicum, or chili pepper; it only acts as if it is. In fact, the chili was imported, along with much else in the national diet. However, in Thailand the per capital consumption of the small, fiery fruit is surely as high if not higher than it is anywhere else. And it is in the use of unprocessed, fresh, ripe chilis where Thailand rings all the loudest bells.
The truth is that chili is an international phenomenon. There is a bimonthly magazine published in the United States, Chili Pepper (there is no agreement on the spelling), and a wide variety of products is available, including pepper-shaped wind chimes, bells, and strings of Christmas tree lights. There is even a Hot Sauce Club of America; members receive two new hot sauces and a newsletter every month. There is even a popular American rock and roll band that calls itself the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Yes, the band is hot.
36. From these passages, we learn that the author (A) enjoys chili peppers everywhere. (B) does not really like chili peppers.
(C) likes to have chili peppers to go with some certain kind of food. (D) like to go to restaurant famous for chili peppers.
37. The best title for these passages is
(A) Thailand and Chili peppers. (B) Chili Peppers and Spicy Dishes. (C) Different Tastes all over the World. (D) Chili Peppers and Globalization. 38. Based on the passages, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
(A) That Thailand uses unprocessed, fresh, ripe chili peppers has started the popularity of chili peppers. (B) Thailand exports a lot of chili peppers.
(C) Chili peppers are a kind of fruit. (D) Thai food is normally quite spicy. 39. What does per capital consumption mean?
(A) amount consumed per person within a specific population. (B) capital population and its consumption.
(C) capital with that the government provides each person for food consumption. (D) capital that each person can get for their daily food consumption.
40. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
(A) Chili peppers are very popular in the United States.
(B) The use of chili peppers in the United States is being influenced by Thailand. (C) Chili peppers are made into different toys.
(D) Chilli peppers have made a rock band very hot.
IV. Essay. 20 points.
Please write a well-structured essay on how you can prepare yourself for living in a diverse and more global society in 150 to 200 words discussing your opinions.
試題 第 頁 1
高雄醫學大學 99 學年度 研究所 招生考試
命題系所: 心理學系碩士班
考試科目: 臨床心理學 (
共 5 頁)
單選題（每題 2 分，共 60 分）：請以下列排列方式，標明題號，將答案寫於答案紙上。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.1. Which of the following is not a significant component of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?
A. emphasized interpersonal processes. B. emphasized stages over the life span. C. emphasized the future as well as the past. D. emphasized the collective unconscious.
2. Research on personality and health indicates that high levels of heart disease risk factors are associated with high levels of
A. intelligence. B. hostility. C. extraversion. D. stereotype threat.
3. Which of the following defense mechanisms involves replacement of the original object of gratification with a higher cultural goal?
A. repression. B. sublimation. C. denial.
D. reaction-formation.
4. Good-me, bad-me, not-me are concepts of A. Sullivan.
B. Horney. C. Jung. D. Hume.
5. In social cognitive theory, one of the ways in which self-regulation is achieved is A. through the use of external rewards.
B. through the use of external cues.
C. through the use of internal standards and self-evaluation. D. through the use of internal cues.
6. The concept of narcissistic personality relates to A. a healthy love for oneself.
B. a person who likes to look in the mirror. C. a person vulnerable to blows to self-esteem. D. a capacity for empathy with others.
7. Which of the following is not one of the personality characteristics emphasized by Maslow in describing self-actualizing individuals?
A. spontaneous and creative.
試題 第 頁 2 C. varied interpersonal relationships with many people. D. resistance to conformity and assertiveness.
8. According to Eysenck, A. genetic factors play a major role in personality.
B. environmental factors play a major role in personality. C. the basis for individual differences is unknown. D. the future of psychology lies in clinical work. 9. It is important for Cattell's theory that
A. different types of data should yield different personality traits or factors. B. different types of data should yield the same personality traits or factors.
C. different types of data should yield the same surface traits but different source traits. D. different types of data should yield different source traits and different surface traits. 10. The part of the brain implicated in emotion and motivation is the
A. amygdala. B. hippocampus. C. prefrontal cortex. D. hypothalamus
11. Which of the following is a useful device for bypassing the defenses? A. free association.
B. dream interpretation.
C. subliminal psychodynamic activation. D. all of the above.
12. In Rogers' theory, a person experienced anxiety when there was a discrepancy between experience and perception of the self. For Kelly, one experiences anxiety when
A. one is aware of imminent, comprehensive change in one's environment. B. one recognizes events that are outside one's construct system.
C. undertaking a dangerous task.
D. one experiences invalidated constructs.
13. The clearest contrast in emphasis on past, present, and future-related variables is between A. behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
B. Rogers' theory and Kelly's theory.
C. Rogers' theory and social cognitive theory. D. Kelly’s theory and psychoanalysis.
14. Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of client-centered therapy? A. belief in the capacity of the client.
B. emphasis on the therapeutic relationship. C. emphasis on a detached therapist attitude. D. emphasis on using therapy for research. 15. Kagan found that inhibited children had
A. left hemispheric dominance. B. high cortisol responses. C. high serotonin levels. D. high dopamine levels.
16. Cognitive-behavior therapy with retarded children
A. is the primary method used for teaching them self-care skills.
B. is combined with insight therapies to help them understand and cope with rejection. C. focuses on teaching the children to use self-instructions to guide their academic efforts. D. is inappropriate, since such children are unable to grasp the concepts.
試題 第 頁 3 A. emotional dysregulation
B. low extraversion C. bland, dull affect D. panic attacks
18. Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves
A. teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking. B. teaching families of alcoholics to express their love only when the alcoholic is not drinking. C. providing tokens when the alcoholic abstains from drinking for a certain amount of time. D. going through a 12-step alcohol abstinence program.
19. Cognitive-behavioral treatments for hypochondriasis
A. are aimed at focusing the person on their bodily sensations.
B. encouraging the person to seek reassurance from a medical doctor. C. are effective only for women.
D. have proven effective in reducing health concerns and health care utilization.
20. In a study where men and women were compared for psychological effects on blood pressure, it was found that ________________________ affected blood pressure.
A. anger expression in both men and women B. anger suppression in both men and women
C. anger suppression in men but anger expression in women D. anger expression in men but anger suppression in women 21. Substantial evidence shows that symptoms of OCD are
A. adaptive.
B. a result of increased worry.
C. related to overactivity in the locus cereleus.
D. related to overactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulated. 22. Axis V of the DSM-IV-TR considers all but which of the following?
A. social relationships B. use of leisure time C. occupational functioning
D. psychosocial problems experienced
23. In the latest version of helplessness/hopelessness theory, depression results from inescapable aversive situations only
A. when the person believes they can survive the aversive situation. B. if the individual already feels depressed.
C. for individuals who make depressive attributions during or following the aversive situation. D. when a family member has a history of depression.
24. Paranoid personality disorder differs from paranoid schizophrenia in that A. paranoid personality is not associated with unreasonable paranoia.
試題 第 頁 4 C. paranoid personality is not associated with hallucinations. D. paranoid personality is not likely to be present with depression. 25. 下列關於 Child-directed speech(簡稱 CDS)，下列何者錯誤？ A. 其特色是高音調、表情誇張 B. 是用來教導兒童學習語言分 C. 5 個月大時， CDS 含有大量的情緒成 D. 主要用來吸引兒童的注意力，讓兒童容易理解 26. 根據皮亞傑(Piaget)認知發展理論，下列關於三～六歲幼兒認知發展特徵的描述，何者錯 誤？ A. 知道即使將等量的水倒入大小不同的容器，水量仍是相同的。 B. 認為洋娃娃掉到地上時，會痛也會哭。 C. 認為鉛球比籃球小，因此鉛球的重量比籃球輕。 D. 認為當自己上床睡覺時，星星也去睡覺了。 27. 關於 intersubjectivity 的描述何者為錯 ? A. 母親的憂鬱症會對於 intersubjectivity 的發展產生影響 B. 實驗室中主要是透過違反期待法來干擾親子互動的同步性，藉以操弄 intersubjectivity C. primary intersubjectivity 是指嬰兒與照顧者間有組織且相互的面對面交流，而且聚焦於 這之間的互動中 D. secondary intersubjectivity 指嬰兒與照顧者間有組織且相互的面對面交流，但其焦點放 在外界事物上 28. 下列關於依附(attachment) 的描述，何者為錯? A. 依附是指嬰兒出現只對特定對象表現趨近行為 B. 照顧者的品質會影響依附的類型 C. Harlow 的研究中發現，主要產生依附的原因是溫暖因素 D. 依附的發展中，特定依附期主要開始於出生後的 6 個星期到 6 個月之間 29. Centration (中心化)最常引發前運期認知發展階段的常見錯誤有三種，下列哪一項不是? A. Egocentrism
B. Confusing appearance and reality C. Precausal reasoning D. Logical necessity 30. 兒童認知發展的特權領域不包含下列哪一個領域? A. 心理領域 B. 物理領域 C. 社會文化領域 D. 生物領域 問答題：請標明題號後直接寫答案，不用抄寫題目。
試題 第 頁 5
一、 請比較治療特定恐懼症(specific phobia)與創傷後壓力疾患(PTSD)在使用認知行為治療 上的異同以及說明理由。(13分)
二、 你最近發現家裡的老人家行為有些異常，憂鬱(depression)、妄想(delusion)、和失智 (dementia)都是可能的原因，你怎麼區辨前述三者好來照顧他？(9分)
三、 何謂假信念作業(false belief task)？請舉實驗例子說明。(8分) 四、 請舉例說明發展的兩個途徑：Multifinality and Equifinality。(10分)
試題 第 頁 1
高雄醫學大學 99 學年度 研究所 招生考試
命題系所: 心理學系碩士班
考試科目: 認知與社會心理學
認知心理學一、關於注意力有早期選擇(early selection)與晚期選擇(late selection)兩種看法，請 舉實驗或例子來說明這兩種理論。(20)
二、何謂事件誘發電位(Event-Related Potentials, ERPs)？如何應用來探索人的認知歷 程。(15)
三、就你所知，睡眠對於學習與記憶有何影響？(15)
社會心理學
一、以下是和態度有關的兩個著名理論，請說明：（15%）
1.何謂「思考可能性模式」（Elaboration Likelihood Model, Petty & Cacioppo, 1986）？ 2.何謂「計畫行為理論」（theory of planned behavior, Ajzen, 1991）？
3.這兩個理論之間的異和同。
二、以下是和歸因有關的兩個現象，請說明：（15%） 1.何謂「公正世界信念」(belief in a just world)？ 2.何謂「責備受害者」(blaming victims)？ 3.這兩種現象和歸因有何關係。 三、最近有一篇報導指出，美國加州大學學者發現，不管是男性或女性，在挑選約會對象照 片時，會受到合照的人影響。若男人跟美女合照，則女性會對他的評價大幅提升。同樣 地，男性也給予和帥哥合照的女人較高評價。但是，心理學家 Kenrick 卻發現，男性在 看過雜誌上迷人的裸體美女照片後，再看長相平凡的女性（甚至包括家中的老婆），這 些一般女性對他的吸引力就會大大下降。（20%）
試題 第 頁 2
1. 對於俊男美女帶來的影響，前者發現俊男或美女在旁會帶來正向的影響，後者則發現美 女會帶來負的影響，對於以上兩個研究結果的差異，您認為最大的關鍵在何處？ 2.請用「同化」(assimilation)和「對比」(contrast)來解釋。
試題 第 頁 1
