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銀行參與銀行保險業務與合作策略對經營效率之研究

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科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告

期末報告

銀行參與銀行保險業務與合作策略對經營效率之研究

計 畫 類 別 : 個別型計畫 計 畫 編 號 : MOST 103-2410-H-004-101-執 行 期 間 : 103年08月01日至104年08月31日 執 行 單 位 : 國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系 計 畫 主 持 人 : 彭金隆 計畫參與人員: 此計畫無其他參與人員 報 告 附 件 : 出席國際會議研究心得報告及發表論文 處 理 方 式 : 1.公開資訊:本計畫涉及專利或其他智慧財產權,2年後可公開查詢 2.「本研究」是否已有嚴重損及公共利益之發現:否 3.「本報告」是否建議提供政府單位施政參考:否 中 華 民 國 104 年 11 月 20 日

(2)

中 文 摘 要 : 本研究主要探討銀行從事銀行保險業務是否會改善銀行的效率以及 獲利,本研究以我國2004至2012年銀行從事銀行保險業務真實的資 料,以所收佣金占銀行利息與非利息收入之比率做為衡量銀行保險 涉入程度,進行實證研究。研究發現銀行涉入銀行保險程度越高對 於效率及獲力能力有顯著正面的影響。 中 文 關 鍵 詞 : 銀行保險、銀行、效率、獲利能力

英 文 摘 要 : We set out in this study to investigate whether the efficiency and profitabilityof banks are improved by bancassurance business. We use actual data provided by a unique database on banks engaging in bancassurance business in Taiwan between 2004 and 2012to examine the positive impact of the system. We find evidence to show that banks with greaterinvolvement in bancassurance tend to improves efficiency, with our empirical results also indicating that such greater involvement accrue larger profit. Our results provide support for the notion that bancassurance

offerssubstantial benefits for banks whilst also increasing shareholder value.

(3)

1

科技部補助出席國際學術會議報告

104 年 11 月 20 日 一、 報告人姓名:彭金隆 Jin Lung Peng

二、 單位:國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系 三、 時間: 2015 年 8/2-8/6

四、 會議地點: 德國 慕尼黑 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU Munich) 五、 會議名稱: 世界風險與保險研討會 The World Risk and Insurance Economics

Congress (WRIEC)

六、 發表論文題目: The Impact of Bancassurance on Efficiency and Profitability of Banks: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Taiwan

七、 本部核定補助文號: 1032410H004 101

-八、 論文報告過程與內容:

(一)WRIEC 之背景

本次參加之世界風險與保險研討會(The World Risk and Insurance Economics Congress, WRIEC)於 2005 年正式創立,是風險與保險領域中 非常重要的國際學術研討會,本研討會每五年舉行一次。原美國風險與

保險學會年會the American Risk and Insurance Association (ARIA)固定每

年於美國各地舉辦年會及學術研討會,雖為美國風險管理與保險學會所 主辦,但係屬全球風險管理與保險學術界最重要盛會之一,參加之對象 涵蓋全球風險管理與保險學術界精英。另外在亞太區亦有類似學術性組

(4)

2

Association ,APRIA),每年於亞太地區或紐澳等地輪流舉辦年會與國際學

術 研 討 會 。 在 歐 洲 地 區 則 有 European Group of Risk and Insurance

Economists (EGRIE),每年於歐洲各地舉辦學術研討會。這三個跨國的國 際研討會,為提供給一個世界性的學術界交流平台,因此決定每五年將 三個研討會合併舉辦,稱為世界風險與保險研討會,以期集合全球風險 管理與保險領域的主要研究學者共聚一堂,為目前全球風險與保險領域 最重要之學術研討會。 WRIEC 第一次研討會(2005 年)在美國鹽湖城舉行,第二屆(2010 年)在亞洲新加坡舉行,而本次為第三屆研討會(2015 年)在德國慕尼 黑舉行,本研討會每五年定期於歐洲、美洲與亞洲三地區輪流舉辦。 (二)投稿與參加過程 本次研討會雖包含美國風險管理與保險學會年會(ARIA)、歐洲風險 與保險經濟學會年會(EGRIE)、亞太風險管理與保險學會年會(APRIA)三 個單位共同舉辦,但論文仍須選定研討會分別投稿,本次係投稿至 ARIA,並幸運被接受發表,會議時間為 2015 年 8 月 2 日至 6 日。 會議自 8 月 2 日起緊鑼密鼓的展開,當日主要為各學會的理監事會 議,因為非屬理監事因此並未參加。8 月 3 日活動正式展開,由慕尼黑再

保( Munich Re) Nikolaus von Bomhard 以當前保險產業挑戰為題( Current Challenges for the Insurance Industry)演講拉開序幕,其中多場精彩演講均 為當前最重要之實務議題,包括巨量資料與保險產業(Big Data and the

(5)

3

Insurance Industry)以及 Managing Insurer Assets through the Euro-Crisis 等。其後各日除演講之外,還包括圓桌論壇、及最重要的八大場次論文 發表,每場次共有八到十組的論文發表會。每組共有三篇論文共同討論。

本次發表論文排在會議最後一天最後Banking 場次,發表論文名稱為

" The Impact of Bancassurance on Efficiency and Profitability of Banks: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Taiwan ",發表論文後,包括來自美 國及日本的學者,有發表意見並給予許多寶貴的修改意見,都是參加本 次研討會才可獲致之寶貴經驗。透過參加本研討會吸收新知,並取得諸 多學術建議,大幅增加投稿論文的水準,亦有助於未來投稿於國際期刊 之可能性。 (三)發表論文之內容 1.論文發表摘要

We set out in this study to investigate whether the profitability and efficiency of banks are improved by bancassurance business. As opposed to the use of dummy variables, as in the extant literature, we use actual data provided by a unique database on all banks engaging in bancassurance business in Taiwan between 2004 and 2012 to examine the impact of the system. We find evidence to show that banks with greater involvement in bancassurance tend to accrue larger risk-adjusted returns, with our empirical results also indicating that such greater involvement improves efficiency. Our results provide support for the notion that bancassurance offers substantial benefits for banks whilst also increasing shareholder value. Finally, we find

(6)

4

that a bancassurance cooperation strategy has significant impacts on bank performance.

2. 研究模型

The empirical specifications for our regression model is:

Performanceit= β0+ αi +θt+ β1Bancit+γXit+εit (1) Performanceit= β0+ αi +θt+β1Bancit+β2 StrHHIit+γXit+εit (2)

Where Performance refers to the measures of performance, which include both the efficiency and profitability of the banks; Banc is a proxy measuring the extent of a bank’s involvement in bancassurance business. If the coefficient of bancassurance involvement (β1) is significant positive, then the performance-enhanced hypotheses is supported. StrHHI in equation 2 is a proxy for a bancassurance cooperation strategy; ε is the error term; α is the unknown intercept for each entity(is bank fixed effects, unique error term); θ is year fixed effects and X is a vector of other control variables for bank iat time t. We adopt either a fixed- or random-effects model, depending on the correlation between the explanatory variables and the error term according the results of Hausman test.

3.研究發現與結論

To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the direct impacts of involvement in bancassurance business on the efficiency and profitability of banks using the bancassurance revenue share. The evidence presented here reveals that involvement in bancassurance business has had significantly positive impacts on the efficiency and profitability of banks, and that it plays an important role in terms of a non-interest source of income for the banks. These results provide strong support for the notion that

(7)

5

bancassurance offers banks with real benefits, whilst also increasing value for bank shareholders. Our analysis also sheds further light on the financial consolidation between banks and insurance companies.

Consistent bancassurance advantages are identified from two sets of results. Firstly, involvement in bancassurance business is found to have significantly positive effects on profitability performance, as measured by accounting returns and risk-adjusted returns. Secondly, the evidence shows considerable improvements in efficiency amongst banks engaging in more bancassurance business. Our DEA approach using financial intermediaries revealsenhancements in cost efficiency, technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency. One possible explanation for such efficiency improvements is that banks may utilize their networks and other fixed costs better, thereby raising their overall cost efficiency, with resultant improvements in the skills of employees, thereby raising their technical efficiency.

We also examine the effects of different bancassurance cooperative strategies between insurers and banks. Interestingly, we find that banks with more diversified strategies – those banks cooperating with more insurance companies –will enjoy significantly positive impacts on some efficiency performance, which suggests that a diversification strategy is better for the banks than a concentration strategy.

Our study contributes to the extant literature by providing new evidence in support of involvement by banks in bancassurance business. We find that the advantages of bancassurance exist even after adjusting for risk and efficiency levels. Overall, our empirical results suggest that bancassurance business can provide banks with higher profits and efficiency improvements,

(8)

6

such that increased cooperation with insurers would appear to be a viable bancassurance strategy; banks may therefore wish to consider further flexible forms of cooperation with other insurance companies.

九、參加會議收穫與心得

世界風險與保險研討會(The World Risk and Insurance Economics Congress, WRIEC)每五年才舉辦一次。本次參與學者與實務界人士均是全 球最重要的專家,對於開拓學術人脈擴展學術合作連結等,均有非常重 要的意義。此外本次研討會之發表論文水準極高,對於了解當前風險與 保險領域最新之研究趨勢,參加相關研討會有其必要性。在本次研討會 中有許多國外頂尖學者,可以近距離接觸並直接請益,都是難得之機會。 在許多實務專題演講中,可以了解國際保險實務界現在對風險管理與 保險領域所關切的相關議題,例如本次研討巨量資料在保險業的應用與 趨勢,清楚指出現階段巨量資料在保險市場應用上的趨勢,以及相關的 限制,例如個人資料的保護與衝突困境等,對未來研究也有諸多助益。

(9)

1

科技部補助出席國際學術會議報告

104 年 11 月 20 日 一、 報告人姓名:彭金隆 Jin Lung Peng

二、 單位:國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系 三、 時間: 2015 年 8/2-8/6

四、 會議地點: 德國 慕尼黑 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU Munich) 五、 會議名稱: 世界風險與保險研討會 The World Risk and Insurance Economics

Congress (WRIEC)

六、 發表論文題目: The Impact of Bancassurance on Efficiency and Profitability of Banks: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Taiwan

七、 本部核定補助文號: 1032410H004 101

-八、 論文報告過程與內容:

(一)WRIEC 之背景

本次參加之世界風險與保險研討會(The World Risk and Insurance Economics Congress, WRIEC)於 2005 年正式創立,是風險與保險領域中 非常重要的國際學術研討會,本研討會每五年舉行一次。原美國風險與

保險學會年會the American Risk and Insurance Association (ARIA)固定每

年於美國各地舉辦年會及學術研討會,雖為美國風險管理與保險學會所 主辦,但係屬全球風險管理與保險學術界最重要盛會之一,參加之對象 涵蓋全球風險管理與保險學術界精英。另外在亞太區亦有類似學術性組

(10)

2

Association ,APRIA),每年於亞太地區或紐澳等地輪流舉辦年會與國際學

術 研 討 會 。 在 歐 洲 地 區 則 有 European Group of Risk and Insurance

Economists (EGRIE),每年於歐洲各地舉辦學術研討會。這三個跨國的國 際研討會,為提供給一個世界性的學術界交流平台,因此決定每五年將 三個研討會合併舉辦,稱為世界風險與保險研討會,以期集合全球風險 管理與保險領域的主要研究學者共聚一堂,為目前全球風險與保險領域 最重要之學術研討會。 WRIEC 第一次研討會(2005 年)在美國鹽湖城舉行,第二屆(2010 年)在亞洲新加坡舉行,而本次為第三屆研討會(2015 年)在德國慕尼 黑舉行,本研討會每五年定期於歐洲、美洲與亞洲三地區輪流舉辦。 (二)投稿與參加過程 本次研討會雖包含美國風險管理與保險學會年會(ARIA)、歐洲風險 與保險經濟學會年會(EGRIE)、亞太風險管理與保險學會年會(APRIA)三 個單位共同舉辦,但論文仍須選定研討會分別投稿,本次係投稿至 ARIA,並幸運被接受發表,會議時間為 2015 年 8 月 2 日至 6 日。 會議自 8 月 2 日起緊鑼密鼓的展開,當日主要為各學會的理監事會 議,因為非屬理監事因此並未參加。8 月 3 日活動正式展開,由慕尼黑再

保( Munich Re) Nikolaus von Bomhard 以當前保險產業挑戰為題( Current Challenges for the Insurance Industry)演講拉開序幕,其中多場精彩演講均 為當前最重要之實務議題,包括巨量資料與保險產業(Big Data and the

(11)

3

Insurance Industry)以及 Managing Insurer Assets through the Euro-Crisis 等。其後各日除演講之外,還包括圓桌論壇、及最重要的八大場次論文 發表,每場次共有八到十組的論文發表會。每組共有三篇論文共同討論。

本次發表論文排在會議最後一天最後Banking 場次,發表論文名稱為

" The Impact of Bancassurance on Efficiency and Profitability of Banks: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Taiwan ",發表論文後,包括來自美 國及日本的學者,有發表意見並給予許多寶貴的修改意見,都是參加本 次研討會才可獲致之寶貴經驗。透過參加本研討會吸收新知,並取得諸 多學術建議,大幅增加投稿論文的水準,亦有助於未來投稿於國際期刊 之可能性。 (三)發表論文之內容 1.論文發表摘要

We set out in this study to investigate whether the profitability and efficiency of banks are improved by bancassurance business. As opposed to the use of dummy variables, as in the extant literature, we use actual data provided by a unique database on all banks engaging in bancassurance business in Taiwan between 2004 and 2012 to examine the impact of the system. We find evidence to show that banks with greater involvement in bancassurance tend to accrue larger risk-adjusted returns, with our empirical results also indicating that such greater involvement improves efficiency. Our results provide support for the notion that bancassurance offers substantial benefits for banks whilst also increasing shareholder value. Finally, we find

(12)

4

that a bancassurance cooperation strategy has significant impacts on bank performance.

2. 研究模型

The empirical specifications for our regression model is:

Performanceit= β0+ αi +θt+ β1Bancit+γXit+εit (1) Performanceit= β0+ αi +θt+β1Bancit+β2 StrHHIit+γXit+εit (2)

Where Performance refers to the measures of performance, which include both the efficiency and profitability of the banks; Banc is a proxy measuring the extent of a bank’s involvement in bancassurance business. If the coefficient of bancassurance involvement (β1) is significant positive, then the performance-enhanced hypotheses is supported. StrHHI in equation 2 is a proxy for a bancassurance cooperation strategy; ε is the error term; α is the unknown intercept for each entity(is bank fixed effects, unique error term); θ is year fixed effects and X is a vector of other control variables for bank iat time t. We adopt either a fixed- or random-effects model, depending on the correlation between the explanatory variables and the error term according the results of Hausman test.

3.研究發現與結論

To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the direct impacts of involvement in bancassurance business on the efficiency and profitability of banks using the bancassurance revenue share. The evidence presented here reveals that involvement in bancassurance business has had significantly positive impacts on the efficiency and profitability of banks, and that it plays an important role in terms of a non-interest source of income for the banks. These results provide strong support for the notion that

(13)

5

bancassurance offers banks with real benefits, whilst also increasing value for bank shareholders. Our analysis also sheds further light on the financial consolidation between banks and insurance companies.

Consistent bancassurance advantages are identified from two sets of results. Firstly, involvement in bancassurance business is found to have significantly positive effects on profitability performance, as measured by accounting returns and risk-adjusted returns. Secondly, the evidence shows considerable improvements in efficiency amongst banks engaging in more bancassurance business. Our DEA approach using financial intermediaries revealsenhancements in cost efficiency, technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency. One possible explanation for such efficiency improvements is that banks may utilize their networks and other fixed costs better, thereby raising their overall cost efficiency, with resultant improvements in the skills of employees, thereby raising their technical efficiency.

We also examine the effects of different bancassurance cooperative strategies between insurers and banks. Interestingly, we find that banks with more diversified strategies – those banks cooperating with more insurance companies –will enjoy significantly positive impacts on some efficiency performance, which suggests that a diversification strategy is better for the banks than a concentration strategy.

Our study contributes to the extant literature by providing new evidence in support of involvement by banks in bancassurance business. We find that the advantages of bancassurance exist even after adjusting for risk and efficiency levels. Overall, our empirical results suggest that bancassurance business can provide banks with higher profits and efficiency improvements,

(14)

6

such that increased cooperation with insurers would appear to be a viable bancassurance strategy; banks may therefore wish to consider further flexible forms of cooperation with other insurance companies.

九、參加會議收穫與心得

世界風險與保險研討會(The World Risk and Insurance Economics Congress, WRIEC)每五年才舉辦一次。本次參與學者與實務界人士均是全 球最重要的專家,對於開拓學術人脈擴展學術合作連結等,均有非常重 要的意義。此外本次研討會之發表論文水準極高,對於了解當前風險與 保險領域最新之研究趨勢,參加相關研討會有其必要性。在本次研討會 中有許多國外頂尖學者,可以近距離接觸並直接請益,都是難得之機會。 在許多實務專題演講中,可以了解國際保險實務界現在對風險管理與 保險領域所關切的相關議題,例如本次研討巨量資料在保險業的應用與 趨勢,清楚指出現階段巨量資料在保險市場應用上的趨勢,以及相關的 限制,例如個人資料的保護與衝突困境等,對未來研究也有諸多助益。

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科技部補助計畫衍生研發成果推廣資料表

日期:2015/11/20 科技部補助計畫 計畫名稱: 銀行參與銀行保險業務與合作策略對經營效率之研究 計畫主持人: 彭金隆 計畫編號: 103-2410-H-004-101- 學門領域: 財務 無研發成果推廣資料

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103年度專題研究計畫研究成果彙整表

計畫主持人:彭金隆 計畫編號: 103-2410-H-004-101-計畫名稱:銀行參與銀行保險業務與合作策略對經營效率之研究 成果項目 量化 單位 備註(質化說明 :如數個計畫共 同成果、成果列 為該期刊之封面 故事...等) 實際已達成 數(被接受 或已發表) 預期總達成 數(含實際 已達成數) 本計畫實 際貢獻百 分比 國內 論文著作 期刊論文 0 0 100% 篇 研究報告/技術報告 0 0 100% 研討會論文 0 0 100% 專書 0 0 100% 章/本 專利 申請中件數 0 0 100% 件 已獲得件數 0 0 100% 技術移轉 件數 0 0 100% 件 權利金 0 0 100% 千元 參與計畫人力 (本國籍) 碩士生 0 0 100% 人次 博士生 0 0 100% 博士後研究員 0 0 100% 專任助理 0 0 100% 國外 論文著作 期刊論文 0 1 100% 篇 本研究之結果已 撰寫並投稿至國 際知名期刊 Journal of Banking and Finance。目前 一審回覆意見 ,正修改中。 研究報告/技術報告 0 0 100% 研討會論文 0 0 100% 專書 0 0 100% 章/本 專利 申請中件數 0 0 100% 件 已獲得件數 0 0 100% 技術移轉 件數 0 0 100% 件 權利金 0 0 100% 千元 參與計畫人力 (外國籍) 碩士生 0 0 100% 人次 博士生 0 0 100% 博士後研究員 0 0 100% 專任助理 0 0 100% 其他成果 (無法以量化表達之 無

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成果如辦理學術活動 、獲得獎項、重要國 際合作、研究成果國 際影響力及其他協助 產業技術發展之具體 效益事項等,請以文 字敘述填列。)   成果項目 量化 名稱或內容性質簡述 科 教 處 計 畫 加 填 項 目 測驗工具(含質性與量性) 0 課程/模組 0 電腦及網路系統或工具 0 教材 0 舉辦之活動/競賽 0 研討會/工作坊 0 電子報、網站 0 計畫成果推廣之參與(閱聽)人數 0

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科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告自評表

請就研究內容與原計畫相符程度、達成預期目標情況、研究成果之學術或應用價 值(簡要敘述成果所代表之意義、價值、影響或進一步發展之可能性)、是否適 合在學術期刊發表或申請專利、主要發現或其他有關價值等,作一綜合評估。 1. 請就研究內容與原計畫相符程度、達成預期目標情況作一綜合評估 ■達成目標 □未達成目標(請說明,以100字為限)   □實驗失敗   □因故實驗中斷   □其他原因 說明: 2. 研究成果在學術期刊發表或申請專利等情形: 論文:□已發表 ■未發表之文稿 □撰寫中 □無 專利:□已獲得 □申請中 ■無 技轉:□已技轉 □洽談中 ■無 其他:(以100字為限) 3. 請依學術成就、技術創新、社會影響等方面,評估研究成果之學術或應用價值 (簡要敘述成果所代表之意義、價值、影響或進一步發展之可能性)(以 500字為限)

本研究之結果已撰寫並投稿至國際知名期刊Journal of Banking and Finance。目前一審回覆意見,正修改中。

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