兩地家庭父母對幼兒教養信念及教養方式之個案研究

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(1)୯ҥᆵύ௲‫ػ‬εᏢѴ‫ٽ‬௲‫ػ‬Ꮲ‫س‬ᅺγ੤! ᅺγፕЎ! !. ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻᖴዝች!റγ! ! ! ! ! !. ‫ٿ‬Ӧৎ৥Р҆ჹѴ‫ٽ‬௲Ꭶߞ‫ۺ‬Ϸ! ௲ᎦБԄϐঁਢࣴ‫!ز‬ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !. ࣴ‫ز‬ғǺ஭లች!ኗ! ! ύ๮҇୯΋Ʉ΋ԃΎД!. 1.

(2) 2.

(3) I.

(4) II.

(5) III.

(6) IV.

(7) ᖴᇞ! ! ␤焍䳪㕤崘⇘ℑ⸜䡑⢓䞼䨞㇨䓇㵗䘬㚨⼴ᶨ⇣炻ℑ⸜䘬㗪攻婒攟ᶵ攟炻婒䞕ḇ㖊ᶵ 䞕炻ᷕ攻䘤䓇姙⣂愠䓄劎彋㼨䘬ḳね炻従ἧㆹㆸ攟冯⇵忚炻⎴㗪ḇ嬻ㆹデ⍿⇘ㆸ攟䘬伶 ⤥⍲╄〭ˤ ⚆゛崟Ἦ炻奢⼿冒⶙㑩㚱叿䃉㭼䘬⸠忳炻崘忶忁ᶨ㭝ᶵ⎗⿅嬘䘬⣯⸣℺晒㕭徼炻橼㚫Ṣ䓇䔞ᷕ姙⣂ᶵ⎴䘬䴻㬟ˤ䞼䨞㇨ᶨ⸜䳂䘬曺㼨炻㆝ㅪ⛘嶷ℍ冢ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠⸤䞼㇨䘬 ⬠埻㭧➪烊Ḵ⸜䳂䘬㹓慆炻㶭㤂⛘䝕妋冒⶙㇨゛᷎ᶼㅱ娚⬴ㆸ䘬䎦昶㭝䚖㧁炻⤥⁷㰺㚱䃉㱽⬴ㆸ䘬ḳね炻ảỽḳね悥嬲⼿䯉╖炻⎒天偗≒≃䘬娙ˤToward the goal,and never give up. ≯⼨䚜⇵炻᷎ᶼ㯠ᶵ㓦㡬ˤㆹ゛炻忁ṃ䴻㬟⮵ㆹ侴妨炻悥㗗㚨䌐ᶨ䃉Ḵ䘬伶渿ˤ 㑘⮓䡑⢓婾㔯䘬忶䦳䔞ᷕ炻⚈䁢姙⣂ⷓ攟䘬⋼≑冯溻⊝炻ㇵ⼿ẍ⬴ㆸ忁ấ则懭䘬ả ⊁ˤ椾⃰炻デ嫅䐑ㄏ侩ⷓ炻䓐⽫⛘㊯⮶婾㔯ᷳ⢾炻㚜㗗㔁⮶ㆹ姙⣂䁢Ṣ嗽ḳ䘬忻䎮ẍ⍲ ⷞ柀叿ㆹ崘⎹严䳃䘬剙勱ᶾ䓴烊℞㫉炻デ嫅㟉ℏ⎋⥼⦧₨侩ⷓ炻䷥㗗㉵叿ㆹ䘬偑儨᷎ᶼ 溻⊝⛘婒倚≈㱡烊ℵἮ炻デ嫅㟉⢾⎋⥼榙怄侩ⷓ炻䳘⽫⛘㊯⮶婾㔯炻ἧㆹ䘬婾㔯傥㚜≈ ⬴┬烊䃞⼴炻デ嫅⮶ⷓ㵹䏜侩ⷓˣ䲣ᷣả伶よ侩ⷓˣ㵹よ侩ⷓˣ㖶㻼侩ⷓˣ懢卩侩ⷓˣ Ἓㄏ侩ⷓˣ䎖ẫ侩ⷓ⍲㖶㖮侩ⷓ烊㚨⼴炻デ嫅⸤㔁䲣䲣彎埴㓧ℤả⽫曰⮶ⷓ䘬ἑ䍲⥲ˤ ⎴㗪炻デ嫅ᶨ嶗䚠Ờ䘬⎴⬠ˣ⬠⥲⍲⬠⥡Ᾱ炻嬻劎ぞ䘬䞼䨞䓇䓇㳣⡆㶣⸦↮嵋␛ˤ デ嫅怹⹕ˣ₺㚤ˣ䎖䒬ˣ唔㓷ˣ様扺ˣⶏ暗ˣ㫋呱ˣ⭃₺ˣὸ㔯ˣ晭䍚ˣ㖶幺ˣ⏇倧ˣ 㔯沛ˣ⿉䍲ˣ䥏ㄏˣ⏃䍛ˣ㰦䍱ˣ⃟㸀ˣ伶做ˣ㫋晭ˣ㯠䎈ˣἑ℞ˣ⧱Ởˣ㖣㻼ˣ㖽䏳ˣ 厙䍚ˣ⭞忠ˣ䎖῱ˣ恩⽫⍲䍲⏇䫱䫱炻䷥㗗傥嬻䞼䨞⭌ K709 䘬㬉䪹倚ᶵ㕟ˤ ℵ侭炻デ嫅奒ッ䘬⣏⬠⭌⍳ᾹἛ㧢ˣ⦧⪢ˣ䵕䍲ˣὅ厵⍲檀ᷕ㐗⍳晭⨟炻ᶨ嶗䚠㋢ˤ ⯦倚炻デ嫅⹾䇠ˣ⹾⩥ˣ⹾⮷⥡ˣ⹾ JH ⍲ㆹ㚨慵天䘬⭞ṢᾹ炻⚈䁢㚱ぐᾹ䘬㓗㊩冯溻 ⊝炻᷎ᶼ栀シ䃉䥩⛘⊭⭡ㆹ䘬僦㯋冯ね䵺炻ㇵ傥㺧庱叿ぐᾹ㺧㺧䘬ッ炻≯㔊⎹⇵怩忚ˤ ㆹ゛娵䛇⛘⮵㭷ᶨỵㆹ㇨ッ䘬⍲ッㆹ䘬ぐᾹ婒倚烉ˬㆹッぐᾹ 炰˭ ℵ㫉炻デ嫅幓怲䘬㭷ỵⷓ攟ˣ⎴⬠ˣ㚳⍳⍲ㆹ㚨慵天䘬⭞Ṣ炻⚈䁢㚱ぐᾹ炻ἧ⼿ㆹ ⛐ㆸ攟忁㡅嶗ᶲ炻ᶵ⬌╖ˤ. V.

(8) VI.

(9) ‫ٿ‬Ӧৎ৥Р҆ჹѴ‫ٽ‬௲Ꭶߞ‫ۺ‬Ϸ௲ᎦБԄϐঁਢࣴ‫!ز‬ ! ஭లች! ! ᄔा! ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻怬㚱ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬䓇㳣✳ン ⤪ỽ⼙枧ṾᾹ䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ˤ㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐岒⿏䞼䨞⍾⎹䘬ᾳ㟰䞼䨞㱽炻ẍℑ ᾳℑ⛘⭞⹕䁢⮵尉炻德忶㬋⺷⍲朆㬋⺷姒婯⍲奨⮇䘬㕡⺷吸普屯㕁ˤ䞼䨞侭䘤䎦⼊ㆸ ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⢾悐⚈䳈炻䁢ˬ㔁ⷓ䘬䷋⢾ṳ倀˭ˣˬ䵕㊩⭞⹕䘬䴻㾇˭ˣˬ冒ㆹ䎮゛䘬 ⮎嶸˭⍲ˬ䈡⭂䘬ⶍἄ⛘⋨˭烊ℏ悐⚈䳈䁢ˬ⭞⹕䘬㓗㊩䲣䴙˭ˣˬṢ晃斄Ὢ䘬䚠嗽˭ ⍲ˬ⭞Ṣ䘬‍⹟叿゛˭ˤℑỵ⍫冯䞼䨞䘬䇞奒㔁梲ᾉ⾝悥⍿⍇䓇⭞⹕䘬⼙枧炻䇞奒⚈ 䁢⸛㖍ᶵ⛐⫸⤛幓怲炻`㖍⚆⇘⭞ⷞ叿墄⃇䘬⽫ン炻㍉⍾ˬ⮔檮㓦ả✳˭䘬㔁梲㕡⺷烊㭵奒⇯㍉⍾ˬ攳㖶㪲⦩✳˭䘬㔁梲㕡⺷炻㭵奒㔁梲ᾉ⾝㚫⍿⇘ℑ⛘⭞⹕䓇㳣䘬⼙枧炻冯⍇⃰䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝㚱㇨ⶖ䔘⍲㓡嬲ˤġ ġ ġ 斄挝娆烉䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ˣ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ˣℑ⛘⭞⹕ˣ㔁梲ᾉ⾝ˣ㔁梲㕡⺷ġ. VII.

(10) VIII.

(11) A Study on Parenting Beliefs and Parenting Modes of Two-Location Families Chang, Shu-Hui. Abstract. This research aims to discuss two-location families’ parenting beliefs and parenting modes. Qualitative research is employed. Data were collected through formal and informal interviews and observations from two two-location families. External reasons causing two-location families are corporation outsource, financial stability, realization of personal goals, and pre-designated job locations; internal reasons includes family support system, interpersonal relationship development and health consideration. In this study, both fathers' parenting modes are primarily affected by their family of origin and they tend to be more indulgent with their children as a result of compensating for their lack of presence during weekdays, whereas the mothers' parenting modes are largely affected by the two-location family lifestyle and are more authoritative.. Key Word: ecological systems theory, family system theory, two-location families, parenting beliefs, parenting modes. ġ. IX.

(12) X.

(13) Ҟԛ! 䚖抬 ………...……………………………………………………………………….…... I. 堐㫉 ……...………………………………………………………………..………....….. III. ⚾㫉 …….…………………………………………………………….…………………. IV. Ҟᒵ! 䫔ᶨ䪈ġ. 䵺婾ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲġ. 䫔ᶨ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞側㘗冯≽㨇ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲġ. 䫔Ḵ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞䚖䘬冯⓷柴ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĸġ. 䫔ᶱ䭨ġ. ⎵娆慳佑ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĹġ. 䫔⚃䭨ġ. 䞼䨞旸⇞ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĺġ. 䫔Ḵ䪈ġ. 㔯䌣㍊妶ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĲġ. 䫔ᶨ䭨ġ. 䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĲġ. 䫔Ḵ䭨ġ. ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲķġ. 䫔ᶱ䭨ġ. ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĳĴġ. 䫔⚃䭨ġ. ℑ⛘⭞⹕ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĴĳġ. 䫔Ḽ䭨ġ. 㔁梲ᾉ濱⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĴĸġ. 䫔ᶱ䪈ġ. 䞼䨞㕡㱽ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĵĺġ. 䫔ᶨ䭨ġ. 怠㑯岒⿏䞼䨞㕡㱽䘬⍇⚈ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĵĺġ. 䫔Ḵ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞㳩䦳冯⮎㕥ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĶĲġ. 䫔ᶱ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞⍫冯⭞⹕ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĶĴġ. 䫔⚃䭨ġ. 䞼䨞ⶍ℟ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĶĶġ. 䫔Ḽ䭨ġ. 屯㕁䘬吸普冯↮㜸ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĶĸġ. 䫔ℕ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞䘬ᾉ⮎⹎ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġķĳġ. 䫔ᶫ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞ΐ䎮ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġķĵġ. I.

(14) 䫔⚃䪈ġ. 屯㕁↮㜸ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġķĶġ. 䫔ᶨ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞⍫冯⭞⹕䘬➢㛔屯㕁ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġķĶġ. 䫔Ḵ䭨ġ. ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⼊ㆸ⍇⚈ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĸĵġ. 䫔ᶱ䭨ġ. ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĺĺġ. 䫔Ḽ䪈ġ. 䞼䨞䳸婾冯⺢嬘ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĶĲġ. 䫔ᶨ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞䳸婾ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĶĲġ. 䫔Ḵ䭨ġ. 䞼䨞⺢嬘ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲķıġ. ⍫侫㔯䌣ġġ ɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃɃĲķĴġ 旬抬įįįįįįįįįįġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĸĸġ 旬抬ᶨġ 䞼䨞⍫冯⎴シ㚠ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĸĸġ 旬抬Ḵġ 姒婯⣏䵙ġįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįįġĲĸĹġ. II.

(15) ߄ԛ 堐 2-3- 1 ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⍲℞⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔 .................................................................28 堐 2-3- 2 ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⍲℞⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔 ..................................................................29 堐 3-5- 1 䞼䨞侭冯䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬㬋⺷姒婯㫉㔠ˣ㬋⺷姒婯㗪攻⍲㬋⺷姒婯⛘溆堐 .........59 堐 3-5- 2 屯㕁䶐䡤⮵䄏堐 ..........................................................................................................61 堐 4-1- 1 䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬⭞⹕䯉╖➢㛔屯㕁堐 .........................................................................73 堐 4-3- 1 䫔⚃䪈屯㕁↮㜸⼁㔜堐……………………………………………………….. … 150. III.

(16) კԛ! ⚾ 2-1- 1 䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾㧉⺷⚾ .................................................................................................14 ⚾ 2-2- 1 ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⚾ .........................................................................................................21 ⚾ 3-2- 1 䞼䨞㳩䦳⚾ .................................................................................................................52 ⚾ 3-6- 1 ᶱ奺㩊槿⚾ .................................................................................................................63 ⚾ 4-1- 1 剙ᷳ⭞䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⚾ .........................................................................................67 ⚾ 4-1- 2 勱ᷳ⭞䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⚾ .........................................................................................71 ⚾ 4-3- 1 ⭊⺛䨢攻䘬㒢姕 .......................................................................................................114 ⚾ 4-3- 2 剙ᷳ⭞⼊ㆸℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ⍇⚈ ...................................................................................145 ⚾ 4-3- 3 勱ᷳ⭞⼊ㆸℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ⍇⚈ ...................................................................................147. IV.

(17) ಃ΋കġ ᆣፕ! 㛔䞼䨞⽆ℑ⛘⭞⹕⼊ㆸ䘬側⼴⍇⚈ἄ䁢攳䪗炻䝕妋䇞㭵暁㕡㰢⭂ㆸ䁢ᶵ⎴㕤ᶨ凔 ⭞⹕✳ン䘬ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⍇⚈炻ẍ⍲ṾᾹ⤪ỽ䵕㊩⭞⹕攻䘬ねデ斄Ὢ炻忚侴㍊䨞ℑ⛘⭞ ⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻㔁梲ᾉ⾝⤪ỽ⼙枧㔁梲㕡⺷炻⍲⼙枧㔁梲㕡⺷䘬⚈䳈ˤ 㛔䪈ᷣ天婒㖶䞼䨞側㘗ẍ⍲䞼䨞≽㨇冯䚖䘬炻᷎憅⮵䞼䨞䚠斄䘬⎵娆慳佑炻ẍ 慸㶭䞼䨞ℏ⭡炻㚨⼴婒㖶㛔䞼䨞ᷳ旸⇞ˤ. ಃ΋࿯ġ. ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒ!. ˬ⭞炻嬲Ḯ炰˭⤪ỽ慵⟹⭞⹕≃烎ᶾ䓴㚨Ỷ䘬䓇做䌯烊Ṇ㳚䫔ᶨ檀䘬暊⨂䌯烊ᶱ↮ᷳᶨ䘬ˬ㲃╖奒˭⭞⹕烊ᶾ䓴㚨檀ⶍ㗪∝忈↢⣏慷䘬ˬ仢ⷕ 䇠䇠˭␴ˬ`㖍䇞㭵˭烊⎘䀋䘬䪞䇕≃炻䨞䪇嬻⭞⹕Ẁ↢⣂⮹䘬ẋ₡烎㚦 ⸦ỽ㗪炻⭞炻嬲⼿グἮグ傮⻙ˣ⬌╖烎塓㌚ℍℐ䎫⊾↮ⶍ⣏㴒ᷕ䘬⎘䀋⭞ ⹕炻娚⤪ỽ㈦⚆⭞䘬⸠䤷烎. ˇ࿯ᒵ!ᒃηϺΠᚇᇞǴ3122 ԃ 5 Д!. 1990 ⸜ẍἮ炻ẍ屯妲㈨埻朑␥䁢ᷕ⽫䘬檀㕘㈨埻彭忇䘤⯽炻Ṍ忂ⶍ℟ḇ㚱ὧ㌟⿏䘬䨩䟜炻⎬⚳冯⎬⛘ᷳ攻䘬嶅暊䷖⮷ˤ⎴㗪炻⛐屯㛔ᷣ佑冰崟炻䓇䓊檀⹎䘤⯽ἧ ㇨㚱䓇䓊天䳈␴䴻㾇斄Ὢ嶐崲⚳⭞␴⛘⋨䓴旸侴冒䓙㳩≽炻ἧℐ䎫䘬ᶾ䓴䴻㾇グἮ グ圵⎰䁢ᶨᾳ暋ẍ↮√䘬㔜橼炷㼀⮷ㄏ炻2003炸ˤ ⛐䥹㈨忚㬍ˣṌ忂ὧ㌟⍲屯㛔ᷣ佑冰崟ᷳᶳ炻忈ㆸˬℐ䎫⊾˭䘬䎦尉ˤ嫅㙱剔炷2002炸㍸↢⛐⋩ḅᶾ䲨ᷕ叱↢䎦䘬䫔ᶨ㫉ℐ䎫⊾炻㗗⚈䁢䔞㗪忳廠ὧ⇑ˣ忂妲䥹㈨䘤忼炻ἧṢ栆⎗ẍ⽆ḳ⣏夷㧉䘬嶐⚳⿏㈽屯ˤ. 1.

(18) ˬℐ䎫⊾˭炷globalization炸ᶨ娆䫔ᶨ㫉↢䎦㗗⛐ 1985 ⸜䓙伶⚳⬠侭⤏⣂䇦Ʉ㉱䵕䈡炷Theodore Levitt炸⛐˪ⶪ⟜ℐ䎫⊾˫ᶨ㚠ᷕ椾㫉㍸↢炻晐⌛⛐⚳晃䴻㾇⬠ˣ⚳ 晃㓧㱣⬠␴⚳晃㔯⊾⬠ᷕ䌚⼿㘖念ἧ䓐ˤℐ䎫⊾㗗ᶨᾳ⎗ẍ⽆⣂奺灏彐灊ˣ㍊妶␴娵䞍䘬㤪濱炻㗗㘿䣢ᶨ䧖嶐崲䔮䓴䘬䣦㚫㓧㱣ˣ䴻㾇㳣≽炻忁ṃ㳣≽Ὣἧ㝸ᾳ⋨➇䘤䓇䘬ḳẞˣ㰢䫾ㆾ㳣≽⎗傥⮵ℐ䎫态怈⋨➇⢾䘬ᾳṢ冯䣦㚫佌橼䓊䓇慵⣏⼙枧炷⺽冒激 ⬿䐆ˣ檀⮹↉ˣ姙㸀⢥ˣ昛㵹懜嬗炻2001炸ˤJohn Gray ḇ㊯↢ℐ䎫⊾ẋ堐⣂慵䘬シ佑炻ᶨ㕡朊㗗㊯ℐ䎫⁛怆䘬ⶍ㤕䓊⑩ˣ䎦ẋ䥹㈨ˣ屯潘ˣ屧瀮ˣ䓊⑩冯屯妲䘬嶐⚳䓴㹅忂炻⎎ᶨ㕡朊ℐ䎫⊾ḇ㗗シ␛叿⸦᷶ℐᶾ䓴䴻㾇橼䲣灴⼤㬌斄濨炷⺽冒昛䡏剔嬗炻 1999炸ˤ㬠䲵ᶲ徘炻ℐ䎫⊾⯙㗗㊯ᶨ䧖屯潘ˣ⓮㤕䘬瀘≽炻ᶵℵ⍿旸㕤⚳䓴ᷳ攻䘬嶅暊炻Ṏ⌛㈽屯ˣ䓇䓊ˣ㈨埻⍲屐䈑悥㚱嶐⚳⿏䘬瀘≽ˤ ℐ䎫⊾㵝味姙⣂澵⎴䘬Ⰼ朊炻⎗ẍ㤪↮䁢㓧㱣ℐ䎫⊾ˣ䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾⍲㔯⊾ℐ䎫 ⊾ˤℐ䎫⊾䘬⎬ᾳ朊⎹攻㗗⭮灎濨䳸䘬炻⛐ℐ䎫⊾䘬灰⣂朊⎹ᷕ炻䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾Ỽ㚱䚠䔞慵天䘬⛘ỵ炻℟㚱⼰⣏䘬⼙枧濘炻⎴㗪姙⣂℞Ṿ䘬ℐ䎫⊾䎦尉ḇ庼≑瀈䴻㾇ℐ 䎫⊾䘬䘤⯽炷悺⊛⃫炻2001炸ˤ䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾䘬ℏ㵝⺋㲃炻屧瀮ℐ䎫⊾ˣ䓇䓊ℐ䎫⊾ˣ ㈨埻ℐ䎫⊾⍲潘圵ℐ䎫⊾䫱炻灴⎗ẍ䲵ℍ䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾䘬䭬⚵炻䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾ḇ⮵ᶾ䓴 ⎬⚳䴻㾇ˣ㓧㱣ˣ幵ḳˣ䣦㚫ˣ㔯⊾䫱㇨㚱㕡朊炻䓂军⊭㊔⿅䵕㕡⺷䫱炻悥忈ㆸḮ ⶐ⣏䘬堅㑲炷㼀⮷ㄏ炻2003炸ˤ ⬠侭⮵㕤䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾䘬⭂佑㚱姙⣂ᶵ⎴䘬婒㱽炻伶⚳⑰ἃ⣏⬠㔁㌰George C. Lodge 娵䁢䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾㗗㊯ᶾ䓴⎬⚳⍲⚳㮹攻䘬䴻㾇濥专炻㭼ẍ⼨潏≈⛘Ḻ岜炻℞ ὅ岜䦳灏⎗ẍ⽆屧瀮ˣ㈽屯⍲屯潘䘬ℐ䎫瀘≽潻堉濌炷⺽冒傉⺞㱻嬗炻1998炸ˤ⻝䡏䑲炷1999炸⇯夾䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾䁢嶐⚳⓮⑩ˣ㚵⊁Ṍ瀮⍲⚳晃屯㛔瀘≽夷㧉␴⼊⺷⡆ ≈炻ẍ⍲㈨埻彭忇⁛㑕炻⡆≈瀈ᶾ䓴⎬⚳䘬䴻㾇Ḻ岜⿏ˤ⛐䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾潸㼖ᶳ炻ℐ 䎫瀘≽䘬傥濘⼙枧㨇㚫䘬徥徸ˣ䔮䓴䘬嶐崲ˤ㕤㗗炻ṢᾹ攳⥳⚈䁢⛘⋨⿏ⶍἄ䘬暨㯪侴⚃嗽㳩≽炻ᶵℵ⍿旸㕤⛐↢䓇⛘ⶍἄˤ 俧㚁ˣ㛶㫋₺炷2004炸㊯↢⛐冒䓙屧瀮ˣ嶅瀸䷖䞕炻屯潘⛐ᶾ䓴⎬⛘瀘≽⾓忇炻侴ṢᾹ晐叿借㤕ⶪ⟜䘬瀘≽炻⮳㈦ⶍἄ㨇㚫炻Ṣ䘬䦣≽ḇ嬲⼿潏≈⭡瀮ˤ㬌⢾炻⛐ ṢᾹ⚃嗽徥⮳ⶍἄ㨇㚫䘬⎴㗪炻⭞⹕䳸㥳ḇ嶇叿㓡嬲炻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉䘬Ḻ≽冯斄Ὢḇ晐. 2.

(19) ᷳ䘤䓇∯濭䘬嬲⊾炻㚱⇍㕤⁛䴙⭞⹕㧉⺷䘬⭞⹕䓙㬌䓊䓇炻瀃⤪暁䓇㵗⭞⹕炻╖奒 ⭞⹕ˣ忂⊌⭞⹕ˣ䃉⫸濏⭞⹕ˣ䓂军役濜㕘冰䘬ℑ⛘⭞⹕ˤ 役⸜Ἦ炻⎘䀋ḇ晐叿ℐ䎫⊾䘬㴒㼖炻䣦㚫䴻㾇䳸㥳⾓忇䘤⯽炻ẍ⍲ⶍ㤕⊾冯悥ⶪ ⊾䘬⼙枧ᷳᶳ炻忈ㆸ⮰㤕⊾↮ⶍ炻ἧ⼿䣦㚫↮⊾䦳⹎嬲檀ˤ䃞侴䣦㚫↮⊾䦳⹎崲檀炻 ⛐借⟜ᶲ⮵㕤ᾳṢ䘬⮰㤕䞍嬀冯㈨埻䘬天㯪ḇ㖍䙲従↯炻⮰㤕↮ⶍᷳᶳ炻ᶵ⎴⮰㤕䘬 ᾳṢ↮⇍Ỽ㒂叿ᶵ⎴䘬䣦㚫ỵ伖炻⮶农ᾳṢ⛐⛘䎮ᶲ䘬怟䦣⍲䣦㚫䴻㾇⛘ỵ䘬嬲≽グ Ἦグ㘖念炷㜿㜦漉炻2000炸ˤἳ⤪⎘䀋䥹⬠⚺⋨䘬姕䩳炻⚺⋨姕䩳㕤䈡⭂⛘⋨炻⭞⹕ ᷕ⣓⥣㚱⎗傥➢㕤ⶍἄˣ䴻㾇ˣ⫸⤛㔁做䑘⠫ㆾ㗗℞Ṿ⎬䧖⚈䳈䘬侫慷ᷳᶳ炻侴⮶农 ⣓⥣ảỽᶨ㕡㰢⭂⍣⚺⋨ⶍἄ炻⼊ㆸℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬↢䎦ˤ 㬠䲵ᶲ徘炻⛐䥹㈨䘬忚㬍ˣṌ忂䘬ὧ㌟ẍ⍲屯㛔ᷣ佑䘬冰崟ᷳᶳ炻ℐ䎫⊾䘬↢䎦炻 ℐ䎫⊾㇨⊭⏓䘬Ⰼ朊⼰䛦⣂炻㚨慵天䘬朆Ⱄ䁢䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾炻ḇ⛐䴻㾇ℐ䎫⊾䘬⼙枧ᷳ ᶳ炻⎬⚳ᷳ攻攳⥳↢䎦嶐⚳⿏屧㖻炻忈ㆸḮ屯慹冯Ṣ≃䘬㳩≽炻忋ⷞ⼙枧⭞⹕䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲炻䓊䓇姙⣂ᶵ⎴㕤ᶨ凔⁛䴙⭞⹕ㆾ㟠⽫⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕✳ンˤ⤪㛔䞼䨞ᷕ䘬ℑ⛘⭞⹕ ʇ勱ᷳ⭞炻⚈䁢役⸜Ἦ⎘䀋ḇ⛐ℐ䎫⊾䘬㴒㼖ᷳᶳ炻忈ㆸ⮰㤕⊾↮ⶍ炻⚳ℏ⛐䈡⭂䘬 ⛘⋨姕䩳䥹⬠⚺⋨炻⮶农⭞⹕䳸㥳䓊䓇㓡嬲炻↢䎦ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕㧉⺷炻勱ᷳ⭞ᷕ䘬䇞奒⌛䁢℠✳䥹⬠⚺⋨ℏ䘬ⶍ䦳ⷓ炻⸛㖍悥⛐⎘⋿䥹⬠⚺⋨ℏⶍἄ᷎ᶼ⯭ỷ炻⇑䓐` 㖍㗪攻ㇵ傥⚆⎘ᷕ冯⭞Ṣ䚠倂炻㓭⎘䀋ḇ⛐ℐ䎫⊾䘬⼙枧ᷳᶳ炻忈ㆸ⭞⹕䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲ˤ. ΋ǵġ ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳ! ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᶵ⎒㗗⛐⎘䀋炻⛐伶⚳↮昼ℑ⛘䘬ℑ⛘⭞⹕㖑⶚ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖㕘冰⭞⹕✳ ンˤKirschner ␴ Vvalum(1978) ⽆㬟⎚䘬奨溆㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕炷two-location families炸炻娵䁢⮶农⣓⥣↮昼ℑ⛘ᷣ天㚱⚃ᾳ⚈䳈烉㇘䇕ˣ䦣㮹ˣ䴻㾇ˣ㍐扟⒉ㆾ埴㓧⭀⒉ˤ Wetzel(1990)䘬䞼䨞栗䣢炻伶⚳䣦㚫グἮグ⮹Ṣ⯭ỷ⛐⁛䴙䘬暁奒⭞⹕䔞ᷕ炻昌Ḯ⭞ ⹕Ṣ⎋㔠⚈䁢䓇做䌯旵Ỷ䘬⼙枧ᷳ⢾炻ḇ⚈䁢㔁做䘬㘖⍲ˣ⨎⤛䘬⯙㤕⍲⊆≽⍫冯ˣ ❶ⶪ⯙㤕㨇㚫䘬⡆≈ˣ⭞⹕䴻㾇䘬暨㯪炻ㆾ㗗⤛⿏冒ㆹシ嬀㉔柕䫱姙⣂⚈䳈炻Ὣㆸ ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⼊ㆸˤ晾䃞伶⚳庫⮹夳⇘斄㕤ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬䴙妰屯㕁炻Ữ⛐ 2001 ⸜㗪炻伶 ⚳⛘⋨䘬ℑ⛘⭞⹕㔠慷䡢⮎㭼Ḽ⸜⇵⣂↢ 20%炷挦䬙厵炻2004炸ˤ. 3.

(20) ℑ⛘⭞⹕⼊ㆸ䘬⚈䳈㚱姙⣂⎗傥炻冒栀⿏䘬⚈䳈⊭㊔⢾⛘ⶍἄˣ⢾⛘㯪⬠ㆾ㗗 ⛐⢾⛘䴻⓮炻朆冒栀⿏䘬⚈䳈⇯㚱⎗傥㗗⚈䁢ℍ䋬㚵↹ˣⶍἄ婧≽ˣ幚⁝䫱ˤℑ⛘ ⭞⹕⼊ㆸ䘬⍇⚈㚱姙⣂⎗傥炻Ữ㗗㭷ᾳℑ⛘⭞⹕⼊ㆸ⍇⚈悥ᶵ䚉䚠⎴炻⽆ᷕ⎗ẍ⼿䞍䘬㗗炻䎦Ṳ䣦㚫䘬⭞⹕✳ン㬋⛐㓡嬲炻侴ṢᾹ⮵⭞⹕䘬⭂佑ᶵℵ⍿旸㕤⁛䴙䘬奨溆ˤ湫徢㭻炷1988炸䈡⇍憅⮵⭞⹕ἄ⁛䴙冯䎦⛐ᶵ⎴䘬奨溆娖慳炻↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳ烉炷ᶨ炸⁛䴙䘬奨溆烉⭞⹕㗗䓙ᶨ佌Ṣ啱叿埨䶋ˣ⨂⦣ㆾ㓞梲斄Ὢ侴䵲⭮䳸⎰炻䓇㳣⛐⎴ᶨᾳ䑘⠫ㆾ⺢䭱䈑ᷳℏ炻᷎ὅ䄏䚠斄奺刚ἄḺ≽冯㹅忂炻⤪⣓⥣ˣ䇞㭵ˣ⫸ ⤛ˣㇳ嵛䫱炻ℙ⎴∝忈␴媏䘬⭞⹕炻ẍ⍲䵕㊩䓇㳣㇨暨䘬⸛堉ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䎦ẋ䘬奨溆烉⮵⭞⹕㚱庫冒䓙ˣ⻰⿏ᶼ⮔⺋䘬䓴⭂炻ᶵℵ⍿旸㕤⎰㱽䘬⨂ ⦣ˣ埨䶋ㆾ㓞梲斄Ὢˤ昌Ḯ⁛䴙䘬奨溆ᷳ⢾炻⎴㗪ḇ㍍䲵㰺㚱⨂⦣斄Ὢ䘬⎴⯭ˣ⎴ ⿏ㆨˣ侩Ṣ␴䄏栏侭ᶨ崟䓇㳣炻ㆾ㭀晄Ṣ⢓⼤㬌䄏栏ℙ⎴䓇㳣侭炻⛯⎗夾䁢ᶨᾳ⭞ ⹕ˤ⻟婧䘬㗗⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻ℙ⎴䓇㳣ˣ㚱䚠Ḻ㓗㊩冯ὅ⬀䘬䴻㾇斄Ὢˣ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉ᷳ攻攟㛇䚠Ḻ䄏栏炻⌛⎗塓夾䁢ᶨᾳ⭞⹕ˤ 䎦Ṳ䣦㚫䘬⭞⹕✳ンḇᶵℵ㗗⤪⎴╖ᶨ⁛䴙䘬⭞⹕✳ン炻⭞⹕攳⥳㰺㚱ᶨ⭂䘬㧋尴⬀⛐ˤ⭞⹕⚈ㅱ㗪ẋ䘬ᶵ⎴炻侴㚱叿ᶵ⎴⭞⹕✳ン䘬↢䎦炻⭞⹕忁ᾳ⎵娆㰺㚱䳽 ⮵䘬⭂佑炻ṢᾹ⛐婯⍲⭞⹕䘬⎴㗪炻ḇㅱ娚⎴㗪⮲慵澵⎴䘬⭞⹕⼊ン炻⤪╖奒⭞⹕ˣ ╖幓⭞⹕ˣ⎴⯭⭞⹕ˣ⎴⿏濞⭞⹕ˣ濆⛘⭞⹕䫱炷灂叔€炻2002炸ˤ ˬℑ⛘⭞⹕˭ˣˬ↮„⭞⹕˭ˣˬ`㖍䇞㭵˭ˣˬ`⿏╖奒˭ẍ⍲ˬὗ沍⣓⥣˭ 忁ṃ⎵娆䘬↢䎦炻シ␛叿⁛䴙⭞⹕䳸㥳ᷳ㓡嬲炻⭞Ṣᶵ⽭⎴ỷ⛐ᶨᾳ⯳䯟ᶳ炻ḇ⚈ 䁢Ṍ忂冯屯妲䘬忚㬍炻ℑ⛘ᷳ攻䘬嶅暊ḇ⚈㬌䷖䞕炻倗䴉ḇ庫䁢㕡ὧ炻Ữ㗗ℑ⛘⭞ ⹕怬㗗㚱姙⣂⽭枰⃳㚵䘬⓷柴炻⁷㗗⣓⥣暁㕡⤪ỽ婧怑⎎ᶨ⋲ᶵ⛐幓怲炻㹅忂冯⓮ 慷㚫⁁⍿侫槿炻ẍ⍲⤪ỽ䴎⬑⫸Ᾱᶨᾳ⬴㔜䘬⭞䫱ˤℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬䇞㭵⤪ỽ⚈ㅱ⭞⹕ 㓡嬲㇨ⷞἮ䘬堅㑲ˣ婧怑⣓⥣暁㕡↮昼ℑ⛘䘬⽫ン⓷柴ẍ⍲ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ⫸⤛䘬㔁梲㕡⺷炻䘮㗗㛔䞼䨞゛天㍊妶冯䚩⿅䘬ˤ. ! !. 4.

(21) Βǵġ ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒ! ⭞⹕㗗⬑⫸冒↢䓇⼴㇨㍍妠⇘䘬䫔ᶨᾳ⬠㟉炻䇞㭵⯙㗗⬑⫸䘬䫔ᶨᾳ澂ⷓ炻⮵㕤 ⬑⫸䘬Ṣ㟤ˣ₡ῤ奨⍲䘤⯽㚱㰢⭂⿏䘬⼙枧濘炻䇞㭵昌瀈天⮵⫸濏屈崟ˬ梲˭䘬屔ả炻潏天慵夾ˬ㔁˭䘬⣑借炻⚈㬌⭞⹕㔁做⮵ᾳṢ䘬⼙枧㗗℟㚱䚠䔞⣏䘬⼙枧≃炻⭞⹕㔁做ḇ㗗Ṣ㟤梲ㆸ䘬㎾䯫炻䇞㭵䘬㔁梲㕡⺷潏㗗℞ᷕ䘬斄挝炷櫷㷕➪炻2005炸ˤ 䚏喯῱炷2008炸ḇ㍸↢⸤⃺↢䓇⼴㚨㖑㍍妠䘬䑘⠫⯙㗗⭞⹕ˤ㭷ᾳṢᶨ↢䓇炻䳽 ⣏⣂㔠悥㗗⛐⭞⹕䘬㑓做␴ⸯ嬟ᶳ徸㻠ㆸ攟炻⸤⃺䘬ὅ岜⿏冯⎗⟹⿏ḇ㗗⛐⭞⹕䑘⠫ ᷕ➡梲侴ㆸ炻䇞㭵ḇ㗗⸤⃺㚨㖑㍍妠䘬侩ⷓˤ䓙㕤䇞㭵⛐⸤⃺䘬䓇㳣䔞ᷕ㗗㈖㺼叿䚠䔞慵天䘬Ṣ䈑炻㚜㗗⸤⃺㚨Ἓ⬠佺℠䭬䘬Ṣ炻ἧ⼿⸤⃺⎗ẍ⛐⭞⹕墉⬠佺Ṣ㟤ˣ埴䁢䘤⯽⍲䣦㚫⊾䘬忶䦳炻䇞㭵䘬幓㔁冯妨㔁⮵⸤⃺侴妨悥㗗䚠䔞℟㚱冱嵛庽慵䘬⼙枧ˤ 姙⣂⬠侭悥㍸Έ⭞⹕㔁做䘬慵天炻ἳ⤪⚳ℏ⬠侭傉怑炷1891-1961炸⮯⭞⹕㔁做⭂ 佑䁢炻ᶨᾳṢ⮷䘬㗪῁⛐⭞ᷕ㇨⍿䘬㔁妻炻⋩㬚ẍℏ悥㗗䇞㭵䘬㔁妻炻⎗夳⭞⹕㔁做䘬慵天炷䘥⎱⹝炻1994炸ˤ 䚏㡕(Jean Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1778)炻⛐ 1762 ⸜⮓Ḯ˪ッ⻴⃺˫(Emile)炻溻⊝ ⩥⩥ㅪ⼿㟥➡⸤剿炻ᷣ⻝⃺䪍ᶵ㗗⮷ㆸṢ炻侴㗗䌐䩳䘬ᾳ橼炻朆䇞㭵䘬旬Ⱄ⑩ˤ⃺䪍㚨⤥䘬侩ⷓ⯙㗗䇞㭵炻㭵奒屈屔⃺䪍䘬梲做⍲䄏栏炻䇞奒⇯㗗䁢⃺䪍䘬㔁ⷓ炻䇞㭵奒 ℙ屈㔁做⬑⫸䘬屔ảˤ 䓙㬌⎗夳⸤⃺䘬⭞⹕㔁做㗗ᶵ⭡⾥夾䘬炻⭞⹕✳ン㓡嬲䘬⎴㗪炻䇞㭵奒䘬奺刚⭂ ỵḇ晐ᷳ㓡嬲炻䇞㭵奒㇨㈖㺼䘬奺刚ᶵ⢾᷶㚱ᶱ䧖烉䄏栏ˣ䭉㔁␴梲做炻侴忁ṃ奺刚䴻ⷠ慵䔲ㆾ㗗䚠Ḻ㚱㇨斄倗炷㹓ᶾ䛇炻1992炸ˤ⛐ℑ⛘⭞⹕墉䘬䇞㭵奺刚ᶵ⎴㕤⁛䴙 ⭞⹕䓟ᷣ⢾⤛ᷣℏ䘬⭞⹕㧉⺷炻⸛㖍䇞奒䷥㗗㈖㺼仢ⷕ䘬奺刚炻⛐冯⸤⃺䚠嗽㗪攻ᶵ ⣂ᷳᶳ炻⮵㕤⸤⃺䘬㔁梲㕡⺷⍰㗗⤪ỽ炻ㇵ傥Ἦ⻴墄⸛㖍䘬䨢仢烊侴㭵奒⛐⭞⹕䔞ᷕ ỵ⯭Ṩ湤⭞⹕⛘ỵ炻Ἦ㔁梲冒⶙䘬⫸⤛攟⣏ㆸṢ炻㗗䞼䨞侭゛德忶䞼䨞㇨㍊妶ˤ ⚳ℏ⮵㕤ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬䞼䨞炻䘤䎦℞䚠斄䘬婾㔯⍲㛇↲屯㕁庫⮹炻侴ᶼ⣂⽆䣦㚫⬠ 䘬奺⹎⍣ ㍊妶炻⎘䀋䘬⭞⹕嬲怟冯⭞⹕㓧䫾炷㜿叔€炻2002炸ˣℑ⛘⣓⥣䘬⨂⦣怑 ㅱ冯⭞⹕⡻≃炷悕晭㔯炻2008炸ˣℑⱠ↮„⭞⹕ᷳ⇅㍊炷㱁⃟Ở炻2006炸䫱炻歖⮹⽆奒借㔁做䘬奨溆⍣↯ℍ炻㛔䞼䨞㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻德忶. 5.

(22) 岒⿏䞼䨞䘬㕡㱽炻⍣䝕妋ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕忳ἄ㧉⺷炻⍲℞奒⫸攻䘬䚠嗽ね⼊ˤ ➢㕤ᶲ徘䘬ね⼊炻⺽↢㛔䞼䨞䘬ℑᾳ䞼䨞≽㨇烉炷ᶨ炸ġ 幓怲䘬奒⍳Ᾱ㚱姙⣂ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬↢䎦炻ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵㕤⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ ⾝㗗⤪ỽ炻㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍰㗗⤪ỽ⼙枧㔁梲㕡⺷ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬䚠斄䞼䨞炻⣏⣂㗗⽆䣦㚫⬠奺⹎⍣㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䓇㳣怑ㅱˣ⣓ ⥣⨂⦣斄Ὢ䫱䞼䨞炻㛇䚤德忶㛔䞼䨞ℑ⛘䇞㭵㔁梲奨溆䘬㍊妶炻⺽䘤㚜⣂ ⚳ℏ斄㕤ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ奒借㔁做䞼䨞䘬⬠埻妶婾ˤ. 6.

(23) ಃΒ࿯ġ. ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ᆶୢᚒ!. 㛔䞼䨞⛐㬌䭨㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ᷳ㍊䨞䘬䞼䨞䚖䘬冯䞼䨞⓷柴炻↮⇍勚徘⤪ᶳˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘬ᷣ柴䁢ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝炻䞼䨞䘬䚖䘬⛐㍊妶⼙枧ℑ⛘ ⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝䘬⚈䳈炻德忶岒⿏䞼䨞䘬㕡㱽炻ẍℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵䁢䞼䨞⍫冯侭炻㶙ℍ䘬㍊妶炻᷎≈ẍ⬴㔜⿏䘬娖慳ˤ德忶㛔䞼䨞⮵㕤ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵㔁梲ᾉ ⾝䘬㍊妶炻⎗ẍ⚈㬌㍸ὃ㚜⣂ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵ἄ⍫侫炻ḇ⎗ẍ㍸ὃ⬠埻䞼䨞㚜寸⭴䘬屯㕁ˤ ➢㕤ẍᶲ㇨㔀徘炻㛔䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞䚖䘬⤪ᶳ烉炷ᶨ炸ġ ㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⼊ㆸ⍇⚈ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ ㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵奒⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ ㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵奒⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲㕡⺷ˤ. 㛔䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞⓷柴⤪ᶳ烉炷ᶨ炸ġ 䝕妋⼊ㆸℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⢾悐⚈䳈⍲ℏ悐⚈䳈䁢ỽ烎炷Ḵ炸ġ 㙠妋ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵奒⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝䁢ỽ烎炷ᶱ炸ġ 㙠妋ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵奒⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲㕡⺷䁢ỽ烎. 7.

(24) ಃΟ࿯ġ. Ӝຒញက!. 㛔䭨憅⮵䞼䨞ᷣ柴炻↮⇍⮵ˬℑ⛘⭞⹕˭ˣˬ䇞㭵㔁梲ᾉ⾝˭⍲ˬ䇞㭵㔁梲㕡⺷˭ ἄ㤪⾝✳冯㑵ἄ✳ᷳ⭂佑炻⎵娆慳佑↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳ烉. ΋ǵġ ‫ٿ‬Ӧৎ৥Ȑtwo-location familiesȑ! ġ ˬℑ⛘⭞⹕˭⍰ㆾ䧙ˬ忂⊌⭞⹕˭炷commuter family炸炻㗗㊯⣓⥣暁㕡⚈ⶍἄ↮ 昼ℑ⛘炻㭷昼ᶨ㭝㗪攻ẍ忂⊌䘬㕡⺷䚠倂䘬⭞⹕炷⼕㆟䛇炻2003炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬ℑ⛘⭞ ⹕炻㗗㊯ᶨ⮵⣓⥣䳸⨂⼴炻⸛㖍↮昼ℑ⛘⯭ỷ᷎ᶼ䳸⨂㺧ᶨ⸜ẍᶲ䘬⭞⹕炻⇑䓐`㖍 ㆾ㗗䈡⭂㗪攻ㇵ䚠倂ˤ. Βǵġ Р҆௲Ꭶߞ‫ۺ‬Ȑqbsfoujoh!cfmjfgtȑ! 㔁梲ᾉ⾝㗗㊯䇞㭵奒德忶冒⶙䘬娵䞍ˣ₡ῤ奨ㆾ゛㱽炻⮵⸤⃺䘤⯽㇨⏰䎦↢⎬䧖傥≃ˣ䴻槿ㆾ䚳㱽炻䇞㭵ẍ䚖⇵䘬䑘⠫䉨㱩᷎ᶼ≈ẍᾖ㬋ᶲᶨẋ䇞㭵䘬㔁梲㕡⺷炻㔁做冒⶙䘬ᶳᶨẋ炷㜿よ晭炻1994炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝㗗㊯䇞㭵奒⮵⫸⤛㔁梲䘬娵䞍ˣ₡ῤ奨ㆾ㗗゛㱽ˤ. Οǵġ Р҆௲ᎦБԄȐqbsfoujoh!npeftȑ! 姙⣂⬠侭⮵㕤㔁梲㕡⺷䘬⭂佑炻娵䁢㔁梲㕡⺷ㅱ⊭㊔㔁梲⫸⤛㗪䘬ン⹎冯埴䁢炻德忶冯⫸⤛䘬Ḻ≽冯䚠嗽炻⮯㛔幓䘬ᾉ⾝ˣン⹎ˣねデˣ₡ῤ奨ˣ䞍嬀冯冰嵋⁛怆䴎 ⸤⃺炻᷎ᶼ䲬㜇ㆾ㊯⮶⸤⃺㖍ⷠ䘬⬠佺⍲埴䁢堐䎦炷姙ㅞ䛇炻2004烊昛⺢⊛炻2003炸ˤ 䇞㭵䘬㔁梲㕡⺷㚨ⷠ⺽䓐 Williams(1958)ὅ㒂ˬ㪲⦩˭␴ˬ斄㆟˭ℑᾳ⎹⹎㇨⋨↮ㆸ 䘬檀㪲⦩檀斄㆟✳ˣ檀㪲⦩Ỷ斄㆟✳ˣỶ㪲⦩檀斄㆟✳ˣỶ㪲⦩Ỷ斄㆟䫱⚃䧖栆✳炷⺽冒姙䬙㠭炻1995炸ˤ⎎ᶨᾳ⇯㗗 Maccoby炵Martin(1983)⮵䇞㭵㔁梲栆✳䘬↮栆炻↮ ⇍䁢攳㖶㪲⦩✳ˣ⮰⇞㪲⦩✳ˣ⮔檮㓦ả✳ˣ⾥夾⅟㻈䫱⚃䧖栆✳ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬㔁梲㕡⺷㗗㊯䄏栏侭⛐㔁⮶⸤⃺㗪炻㇨堐䎦↢Ἦ䘬㔁梲ン⹎冯埴䁢⍲ἧ䓐䘬䫾䔍ˤ. 8.

(25) ಃѤ࿯ġ. !ࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫!ڋ‬. 㛔䞼䨞䘬旸⇞⤪ᶳˤ. ΋ǵġ ൩ၗ਑‫ޑ‬ᇆ໣Զ‫!ق‬ 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻䞼䨞侭德忶姒婯冯奨⮇炻吸普屯㕁炻冯䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬姒婯䔞ᷕ⼿⇘㔁梲⫸⤛㗪䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝炻⮎⛘忚ℍ䞼䨞⍫冯 ⭞⹕炻奨⮇䇞㭵奒冯⫸⤛Ḻ≽⍲䚠嗽ね⼊炻Ἦ槿嫱䇞㭵奒䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝㗗⏎䫎⎰㔁梲㕡⺷ˤỮ㗗炻䇞㭵奒冯⫸⤛䘬Ḻ≽㗗䃉㗪䃉⇣⛐䘤䓇䘬炻⍿旸㕤㗪攻冯䨢攻炻䞼䨞侭䃉㱽奨⮇⇘䇞㭵奒冯⫸⤛㭷ᶨ⇣䘬Ḻ≽炻⛐屯㕁䘬吸普ᶲ炻暋⃵㚱䔷⣙␴怢㺷炻䞼䨞侭 ⮯德忶攟㛇䘬奨⮇␴⍫冯炻ẍ墄嵛㬌䔷㺷ˤ. Βǵġ ൩ࣴ‫ୖز‬ᆶ‫ޑޣ‬ᒧ‫ڗ‬Զ‫!ق‬ 㛔䞼䨞ẍ䩳シ⍾㧋䘬㕡⺷怠⍾ℑ⮵⣓⥣⛐⚳ℏ↮昼ℑ⛘䘬⭞⹕䁢䞼䨞⍫冯⭞ ⹕炻Ữℑ⛘⭞⹕⍰㚱ᶵ⎴䘬栆✳炻ἳ⤪⣓⥣ᶨ㕡⛐㴟⢾⯭ỷ炻⎎ᶨ㕡⛐⚳ℏ⯭ỷ䘬ˬℑ Ⱡ↮„⭞⹕˭ˤ㓭㛔䞼䨞䘬䘤䎦妶婾䃉㱽栆㍐军㇨㚱栆✳䘬ℑ⛘⭞⹕ˤ. Οǵġ ൩ࣴ‫ޑز‬௢ፕ‫܄‬Զ‫!ق‬ 㛔䞼䨞㍉岒⿏䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞㕡㱽炻㍊妶冯娖慳ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵㕤⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ ⾝炻⚈㬌䞼䨞䘬䳸㝄䃉㱽⁷慷⊾䞼䨞ᶨ㧋⎗ẍ㍐婾军℞Ṿᶵ⎴䘬⮵尉ˤ. 9.

(26) !. 10.

(27) ಃΒകġ !Ў᝘௖૸! 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐䝕妋ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻⚈㬌⛐㛔䪈ὅ㒂䞼䨞䘬ᷣ柴㍊妶䚠斄䘬䎮婾㝞㥳⍲⮎⽝䞼䨞ˤ⮯㔯䌣㍊妶↮䁢Ḽ䭨炻䫔ᶨ䭨ˬ䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾˭ˣ䫔Ḵ䭨ˬ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾˭ˣ䫔ᶱ䭨ˬ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇˭ˣ䫔⚃䭨ˬℑ⛘⭞⹕˭ˣ 䫔Ḽ䭨ˬ㔁梲ᾉ濱⍲㔁梲㕡⺷˭炻⎬䭨↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳˤ. ಃ΋࿯ġ. ғᄊ‫س‬಍౛ፕ!. 㛔䞼䨞㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲ṾᾹ䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⤪ỽ⼙枧㔁梲⫸ ⤛䘬㕡⺷ˤ⽆㔜ᾳ䣦㚫䑘⠫Ἦ䚳⮵⭞⹕䘬⼙枧炻⭞⹕⮵⸤⃺䘬⼙枧炻䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾⁷ 㗗ᾳⰌⰌ䚠㈋䘬䳸㥳㧉⺷炻ẍᾳ橼䁢ᷕ⽫炻⍣䚳ᾳ橼␴⎬Ⰼ䳂ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽冯⼙枧炻ḇ 啱䓙奨⮇⎬Ⰼ䳂ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻㈦⮳㔜橼⿏䘬傰䴉炻㓭䞼䨞侭ẍ䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬䎮婾➢䢶ˤ. ΋ǵġ ғᄊ‫س‬಍౛ፕ‫ޑ‬ว৖ङඳ! 䓇ン䲣䴙䘬㤪⾝炻㚨㖑䓙劙⚳叿⎵䓇ン⬠⭞✎㕗⇑炷A. G. Tansley炸㕤 1935 ⸜ 庫⬴㔜⛘㍸↢炻Tansley 娵䁢䓇䈑冯℞䓇⬀䑘⠫㗗ᶨᾳᶵ⎗ẍ↮√䘬㚱㨇㔜橼炻⬫Ᾱ ᷳ攻〗〗䚠斄ˣ䚠Ḻ倗专ˣ䚠Ḻ⇞䲬炻᷎ᶼ㚱夷⼳⛘䳬⎰⛐ᶨ崟炻嗽㕤ᶵ㕟⛘忳≽ 嬲⊾䔞ᷕ炷⺽冒␐伶ㄏ炻2007炸ˤ 䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾炷ecological systems theory炸㗗䓙伶⚳⽫䎮⬠⭞ⶫ㚿屣ⶫ↿䲵炷U. Bronfenbrenner炸⛐ 1979 ⸜㛓㛇㇨㍸↢炻㬌䎮婾㸸冒㕤䓇䈑⬠䘬䎮⾝炻役⸜Ἦ䓇ン䲣䴙塓⺋㲃ㅱ䓐⛐䘤⯽ˣ㔁做ˣ⭞⹕冯䣦㚫䫱䚠斄柀➇䘬䞼䨞ˤBronfenbrenner 娵䁢 ᾳ橼䘤⯽㗗⛐ᶨᾳ冒䃞䘬ㆸ攟䑘⠫ᷕ炻䑘⠫ᶵ㗗⇣シ䆇忈↢Ἦ炻㬌溆䎮婾⛐䔞㗪ⷠ 塓忶⹎⻟婧⮎槿䘬⬠侭㇨⾥䔍ˤ1940 ⸜ẋ␴ 1950 ⸜ẋ炻䘤⯽⬠⭞䘬䞼䨞忂ⷠ⎒叿慵 ⛐䑘⠫ᷕ䘬㝸╖ᶨ朊⎹炻᷎ᶼ㈲⸤⃺攻䘬ᾳ⇍ⶖ䔘㬠⚈⛐忁ᶨᾳ朊⎹䘬⼙枧ˤἳ⤪. 11.

(28) ⭞㙜ᶳ䘬⬑⫸冯ᶨ凔⭞⹕䘬⬑⫸⛐娵䞍ˣṢ晃斄Ὢ⍲₡ῤ奨ᶲ悥㚱㖶栗䘬ⶖ䔘⿏炻 Ữ㗗䞼䨞侭䴻ⷠ㈲⸤⃺ᷳ攻䘬ⶖ䔘ℐ㬠⚈⛐⭞㙜䘬╖ᶨ朊⎹炷⻝㫋ㆲ䫱嬗炻2010炸ˤ Bronfenbrenner ⮯䑘⠫ㆾ䧙冒䃞䓇ン⭂佑䁢ˬⰌⰌ⣿䔲䘬䳸㥳橼炻⯙⁷㗗Ὤ伭㕗⦫ ⦫炻ᶨⰌ墉朊⍰ᶨⰌ˭炷⻝揠♜ˣỽㄏ㓷ˣ昛⭴伶ˣ忋⽫䐄炻2004炸ˤ䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾⌛㗗䘤⯽ᷕ䘬ᾳ橼嗽㕤⎬ᾳ䑘⠫䲣䴙䘬ᷕ⽫炻⎬Ⰼ䲣䴙悥ṌḺ⼙枧叿ᾳ橼ˤ Bronfenbrenner 䘬䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾⏰䎦ᶨᾳ庫⬴㔜䘬䑘⠫⼙枧↮㜸炻䁢䔞㗪䘬䞼䨞 ⷞἮ朑␥⿏䘬㓡嬲ˤ. Βǵġ ғᄊ‫س‬಍౛ፕ‫ޑ‬ཀ఼! 䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾⻟婧ᾳ橼䘬䘤⯽㗗⛐ᶨ䲣↿䘬䑘⠫䲣䴙ᶳ忚埴炻侴忁ṃ䲣䴙ᷳ攻Ḻ 㚱䚠斄炻᷎ᶼ冯ỵ⯭䑘⠫䲣䴙ᷕ⽫䘬ᾳ橼⛐ṌḺἄ䓐ᶳ⼙枧䘤⯽炷⻝㫋ㆲˣ㜿㵹䍚ˣ 㛶㖶剅嬗炻2010炸ˤ䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ℙ↮䁢Ḽᾳ䲣䴙炻↮⇍䁢⮷䲣䴙炷microsystem炸ˣ ᷕ䲣䴙炷mesosystem炸ˣ⢾䲣䴙炷exosystem炸ˣ⣏䲣䴙炷macrosystem炸⍲㗪攻䲣䴙炷chronosystem炸炻ẍᶳẍ⸤⃺ἄ䁢ᾳ橼ᷕ⽫炻↮⇍䁢䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ᷕ䘬Ḽᾳ䲣䴙ἄ 㔀徘炷⻝㫋ㆲ䫱嬗炻2010炸炻↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳˤ 炷ᶨ炸ġ⮷䲣䴙炷microsystem炸䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾㚨ℏⰌ炻ḇ㗗ᾳ橼㚨䚜㍍㍍妠䘬䑘⠫炻⮵⣏⣂㔠䘬⸤⃺侴妨炻⮷䲣䴙忂ⷠ㗗㊯⭞⹕䑘⠫炻Ữ㗗晐叿⸤⃺徸㻠ㆸ攟炻忁ᾳ䲣䴙㚫㖍嵐墯暄炻⊭⏓⭞⹕ˣ㈀ ⃺㇨ˣ⬠㟉ˣ⎴₽⍲姢㇨ẍ⍲䇞㭵ᾉ⾝䫱ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬⮷䲣䴙㗗㊯⸤⃺䘬䇞㭵⍲⭞⹕䑘 ⠫ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġᷕ䲣䴙炷mesosystem炸䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ᷕ䘬䫔ḴⰌ炻㗗㊯冯⮷䲣䴙ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽炻ἳ⤪⭞⹕␴⬠㟉䘬⎰ἄ斄 Ὢ炻⸤⃺䘬⬠㤕ㆸ䷦ᶵ⁭冯⬠㟉侩ⷓ㔁⬠䚠斄炻᷎ᶼ冯䇞㭵⮵⬠㤕䘬ン⹎ˣ䇞㭵冯⬠ 㟉侩ⷓ䘬倗䴉ẍ⍲奒ⷓ⎰ἄ炻悥㚫⼙枧⃺䪍䘬⬠佺ˤ䚠斄䘬䞼䨞ᷕ䘤䎦劍⭞⹕冯⬠㟉䘬䩳⟜ᶨ农炻⇯⮵⸤⃺⍫冯⍲⬠㤕堐䎦⎗㍸⋯(Ginsburg 炵 Bronstein, 1993)ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘬ᷕ䲣䴙㗗㊯⭞⹕冯⬠㟉ˣ⭞⹕冯㔁ⷓᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢˤ. 12.

(29) 炷ᶱ炸ġ⢾䲣䴙炷exosystem炸忁Ⰼ䲣䴙㰺㚱冯ᾳ橼㚨䚜㍍䘬㍍妠炻Ữ㗗㚫⮵ᾳ橼䘤⯽忈ㆸ⼙枧炻⊭㊔䣦㚫䤷 ⇑㚵⊁ˣ⣏䛦⨺橼ˣ䇞㭵借㤕ˣ㱽⼳㚵⊁⍲惘⯭䫱ˤἳ⤪䇞㭵奒䘬ⶍἄ䑘⠫⯙㗗⢾䲣䴙炻⣏悐↮⸤⃺ᶵ㚫䚜㍍㍍妠⇘䇞㭵奒䘬ⶍἄ炻Ữ㗗䇞㭵奒⮵㕤ⶍἄ䘬㺧シ⹎㚫⼙枧冒幓䘬ね䵺炻ⷠⷞ叿ⶍἄᶲ䘬㋓㉀⚆⇘⭞㗪炻⎗傥㚫⚈㬌ㇻ伝⸤⃺炻侴攻㍍⼙枧⇘⸤ ⃺䘬䓇䎮⍲⽫䎮䘤⯽(Greenberger, O’Neal & Nagel, 1994)ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬⢾䲣䴙㗗㊯⸤⃺䘬䇞㭵㇨⽆ḳ䘬借㤕冯ⶍἄ⿏岒ˤ 炷⚃炸ġ⣏䲣䴙炷macrosystem炸䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ᷕ䘬㚨⢾Ⰼ炻⣏䲣䴙⊭㊔䣦㚫䘬㔯⊾佺὿ˣ₡ῤ奨⾝ˣ䣦㚫㔯⊾䘬ン⹎冯シ嬀⼊ンˣᾳ橼䘬幓ấ昶䳂⍲䣦䴻⛘ỵ䫱炻忁ᶨⰌ䳂䘬₡ῤ奨㚱㔯⊾␴䣦䴻⛘ ỵ䘬ⶖ䔘炻㚫㶙㶙⼙枧叿⸤⃺⛐⭞⹕ˣ䣦⋨ˣ⬠㟉䘬ㆸ攟䴻槿ˤἳ⤪ᷕ⚳䘬㔯⊾⮵⭞ ⹕䘬₡ῤ奨炻ᷕ⚳䇞㭵奒䷥㗗娵䁢⫸⤛㗗䇞㭵幓ᶲ䘬ᶨ⟲倱炻ḇ⯙㗗⸤⃺㗗䇞㭵䘬㇨㚱䈑炻侴⮵⸤⃺⎗傥㍉⍾庫⣂䘬㍏⇞冯⸚枸ˤ䚠⍵⛘炻⛐伶⚳㔯⊾ᶳ炻伶⚳䇞㭵奒娵䁢⸤⃺㗗ᶨᾳ䌐䩳冒ᷣ䘬ᾳ橼炻㇨ẍ䇞㭵奒㚫㭼庫㓗㊩⸤⃺䘬䌐䈡゛㱽冯ᾳ⇍暨㯪炷⻝㫋ㆲ䫱嬗炻2010炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬⣏䲣䴙㗗㊯⸤⃺㇨嗽䘬⣏䑘⠫䘬䣦㚫₡ῤ奨␴⮵⸤ ⃺䘬䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ˤ 炷Ḽ炸ġ㗪攻䲣䴙炷chronosystem炸 ⛐䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾䔞ᷕ⻟婧晐叿㗪攻ㆾ䑘⠫䓊䓇䘬䲣䴙嬲⊾炻㚫⼙枧⸤⃺䘤⯽䘬㕡 ⎹ˤἳ⤪⸤⃺㗪㛇⛐娵䞍㕡朊㚫㚱⿍忇䘬㓡嬲炻忈ㆸ娵䞍ᶲ䘬䞃䚦冯堅䨩ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬㗪攻䲣䴙㗗㊯⛐䣦㚫嬲怟ᶳ炻⤪䥹㈨忚㬍ˣ忂妲䘤忼⍲ℐ䎫⊾䘬⼙枧ᷳᶳ炻㗗⏎⮵⭞ ⹕䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲侴㚱䚜㍍䘬⼙枧ˤ 䑘⠫䲣䴙䘬䭬⚵冯ᾳ橼㚱㚨䚜㍍䘬㍍妠⌛䁢⭞⹕ˣ⬠㟉冯⎴₽䫱炻㚨怈䘬䭬⚵⎗ 军䣦㚫㔯⊾䫱炻㗗ⰌⰌ䚠㈋䘬ᶨᾳ䳸㥳炻䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾㧉⺷⤪⚾ 2-1-1ˤ. 13.

(30) ‫཮ޗ‬Ўϯ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋᆶཀ᛽‫׎‬ᄊ! ሽॶᢀ‫!ۺ‬. ‫ي‬ҽ໘ભ! Р҆ᙍ཰!. ε౲൞ᡏ!. ᆶλ‫س‬಍ϐ໔‫ޑ‬ϕ୏! Ўϯ!. ‫ޗ‬࿶! ӦՏ!. Р҆ߞ‫!ۺ‬. ಞ߫! ‫!཮ޗ‬ ᅽճ! ୍ܺ!. ৎ৥! Ꮲਠ!. . Ԏ‫!܌ٽ‬. !ᾳ橼ġ. ບ‫!܌‬. ⮷䲣䴙ġ. ‫!ࡓݤ‬ ୍ܺ!. ӕᏆ! ᎃۚ!. ᷕ䲣䴙. ⢾䲣䴙㗪攻䲣䴙ġġ. ⣏䲣䴙ġ. ӄౚϯ! ࣽ‫מ‬຾‫!؁‬ ೯ૻวၲ! ⚾ 2-1- 1 䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾㧉⺷⚾炷䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮炸. Bronfenbrenner 娵䁢㭷ᾳṢ⛐ᶨ䓇䔞ᷕ悥冯䑘⠫ᶵ㕟⛘⛐ἄḺ≽炻᷎ᶼᶵ㕟⛘ἄ 婧怑Ἦ䵕㊩⸛堉䘬䉨ン炻⚈㬌娵䁢Ṣ冯䑘⠫㗗ᶵ⎗ẍ↮√䘬炷⏛慯㘜炻2011炸ˤṲ㖍䘬䘤⯽⽫䎮⬠⭞⺞䓐 Bronfenbrenner 䘬䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾奨溆炻ἮḮ妋⭞⹕⮵⸤⃺䘤⯽䘬慵天⿏ˤ⭞⹕⯙ỵ⯭㕤䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ᷕ䘬⮷䲣䴙炻⮵㕤⸤⃺䘬䘤⯽㚱㚨䚜㍍䘬⼙枧炻忚侴䇞㭵䘬₡ῤ奨⾝⯙⁷㗗䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾ᷕ䘬⣏䲣䴙炻⼙枧叿䇞㭵⮵㕤⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ. 14.

(31) ⾝炻昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻⛐ᶵ⎴㔯⊾ᶳ䘬⭞⹕ḇ㚱ᶵ⎴䘬䓇㳣✳ン炻⭞⹕䘬墯暄⿏㚨怑⎰ẍ䲣䴙婾㧉⺷Ἦ㍷徘ˤ 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊䨞ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻㭷⮵䇞㭵⮵㕤⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷悥ᶵ䚉䚠⎴炻䔞㔁梲ᾉ⾝冯㔁梲㕡⺷Ḻ㚱堅䨩㗪炻䇞㭵娚⤪ỽ⚈ ㅱˤ䎦ẋ䣦㚫嶇晐叿ℐ䎫⊾儛㬍䘬⼙枧炻⛐䣦㚫䑘⠫ˣ㔯⊾ˣ䴻㾇䫱㕡朊ḇ嶇叿ℐ䎫 ⊾ᷳᶳ䘬⼙枧ἄ怑ㅱ㼖㳩䘬㓡嬲炻⭞⹕䳸㥳㚜㗗⛐ℐ䎫⊾⼙枧ᶳ㚨䚜㍍⍿⇘堅㑲炻⚈ 㬌㕘冰ˬℑ⛘⭞⹕˭忁䧖䈡㬲䘬⭞⹕㧉⺷炻䇞㭵⛐⭞⹕ᷕ㇨㈖㺼䘬奺刚⍰㗗⤪ỽ烎㓭䞼䨞侭⽭枰⽆ᾳ橼ˣ⭞⹕ˣ䣦㚫䑘⠫ˣ㔯⊾䓂军㓧⹄㓧䫾䫱⎬Ⰼ朊㈦⮳䚠Ḻ斄Ὢ䘬⼙枧炻忁㭷ᶨⰌ䳂ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ⯙⁷㗗䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾炻德忶䓇ン䲣䴙䎮婾Ἦ䩢䨞㔯⊾⮵⸤ ⃺䘬⼙枧ˣ䣦㚫䑘⠫⮵⸤⃺䘬⼙枧ẍ⍲⭞⹕⮵⸤⃺䘬⼙枧炻⽆ᷕ㈦⮳㔜橼⿏䘬傰䴉炻䳬䷼㛔䞼䨞䘬㝞㥳ˤ. 15.

(32) ಃΒ࿯ġ. !ৎ৥‫س‬಍౛ፕ!. 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻德忶⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾䘬奨溆Ἦ奨䚳⭞⹕䘬㔜橼⿏ˣ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ⿏⍲⎬ᾳ㫉䲣䴙ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ䫱ˤ ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⎗ẍ⣏农㍷丒ℑ⛘⭞⹕䳸㥳㓡嬲䘬≽ン㬟䦳ᷳ庼嫱炻䇞㭵奒⛐⭞⹕䔞ᷕ ㇨㈖㺼䘬⭞⹕⛘ỵ炻ẍ⍲⭞⹕夷⇯䘬⇞⭂ˤ㓭䞼䨞侭ẍ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬䎮婾➢䢶ˤ . ΋ǵġ ৎ৥‫س‬಍౛ፕ‫ޑ‬ว৖ङඳ! ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾炷family system theory炸㸸冒ᶨ凔䲣䴙䎮婾炷general system theory炸炻䁢⤏⛘⇑䓇䈑⬠⭞ỗ䈡ṩ厚炷Ludwing von Bertalanffy,1901-1972炸㕤 1960 ⸜ẋ㚨㖑㍸ ↢Ἦ䘬炻℞ᷣ天Ἦ冒䓇䈑⬠ᶲ䘬㚱㨇橼炷organism炸㤪⾝炻⻟婧ẍ㚱㨇橼 ᶨᾳ㔜橼 ㆾ䲣䴙Ἦ侫慷ˤ⛐ 1979 ⸜炻Broderick炵Smith ㍸↢ᶨ凔䲣䴙䎮婾ᷕ㇨ᷣ⻝䘬㤪⾝⎗ẍ 䓐Ἦ妋慳⭞⹕ᷕ䘬⎬䧖埴䁢冯䎦尉炻⛐ 1980 ⸜ẍ⼴⺋㲃塓ㅱ䓐㕤⭞⹕䞼䨞䘬柀➇ᷕˤ ẍᾳṢ冯⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬Ḻ≽Ἦ妶婾⭞⹕≽ンˣ䳬䷼␴忶䦳ˤᷳ⼴䓙 Virgina Satir , Marray Bowen炵Salvaador Minachin 䫱ṢΈ⮶⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾炻娵䁢天䝕妋冯⋼≑ᾳṢ炻 ㅱ⽆㔜ᾳ⭞⹕䲣䴙ℍㇳ炻㓡嬲⭞⹕䘬斄Ὢ冯Ḻ≽炻ẍ㯪℞⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬㓡嬲ˤ㬌䎮婾 ᷣ⻝㭷ᾳ⭞⹕悥㗗ˬᶨᾳ⬴㔜橼˭炷whole炸炻叿䛤㕤⭞Ṣ冯⭞Ṣᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻栗䣢↢⭞⹕ᷕ㭷ᶨᾳㆸ⒉⤪ỽ⍫冯㔜橼䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙炷㚡ⷠṩ炻2010炸ˤ !. Βǵġ ৎ৥‫س‬಍౛ፕ‫ޑ‬ཀ఼! 悕晭㔯炷2008炸㍸↢炻⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⊭⏓ẍᶳℑᾳシ佑烉炷ᶨ炸⭞⹕ㆸ⒉ᷕ⼤㬌Ḻ䚠⼙枧朆ⷠ㶙怈ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䔞⭞⹕ㆸ⒉Ḻ≽ᶨ㭝㗪攻⼴炻ὧ㚫冒䃞⼊ㆸᶨ䧖⿮ᷭ⿏䘬夷䭬炻ᶨ㖎㚱Ṣ Ὕℍㆾ嬲≽炻⇯⭞⹕䲣䴙⯙㚫≽㎾䓂军㶟Ḫˤ ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ᷣ⻝⭞⹕㗗ᶨᾳ䲣䴙炷system炸炻⬫㗗ˬ䓙Ḻ≽䳬⎰䘬ᶨᾳ㔜橼˭炻. 16.

(33) ḇ㗗㊩临ˣ慵墯䘬㧉⺷⍲䲣䴙ᷕ⎬ᾳ悐↮䘬Ḻ≽ˤ㴱⍲䇞㭵ˣ⫸⤛⍲⭞⹕ᶱ㕡朊炻⻟婧⭞Ṣ冯⭞Ṣᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻栗䣢↢⭞⹕ᷕ䘬㭷ᶨᾳㆸ⒉⤪ỽ⍫冯㔜橼䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙炻㇨ẍ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⻟婧⭞⹕℟㚱ᶫᾳ䈡⿏烉㔜橼⿏ˣ斄Ὢˣ㫉䲣䴙ˣ䓴➇ˣ⚆棳ˣ ⭞⹕夷⇯⍲ᶱ奺斄Ὢ炻勚↮徘⤪ᶳ炷悕朄㗫炻2005烊㚡ⷠṩ炻2010炸烉炷ᶨ炸ġ㔜橼⿏炷wholenss炸 ㆸ⒉冯ㆸ⒉攻䘬Ḻ≽䲣䴙㗗⼤㬌䚠斄ᶼḺ䚠ὅ岜䘬炻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉ảỽᶨṢ䘤䓇㓡嬲悥㚫⼙枧军ℐ橼⍲ᾳṢˤ㔜橼䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙᷎ᶵ䫱㕤⭞⹕ㆸ⒉䘬䷥␴炻⊭㊔ㆸ⒉冯ㆸ⒉ 攻䘬Ḻ≽炻⤪㝄㰺㚱Ḻ≽斄Ὢ⯙䧙ᶵᶲ㗗ᶨᾳ䲣䴙ˤ劍⭞⹕䘬㝸ᶨỵㆸ⒉㚱⓷柴䘬埴䁢䘤䓇炻⽭枰㩊夾㔜ᾳ⭞⹕䲣䴙炻侴朆ᾳṢ侴⶚炻㇨ẍ㔜橼䘬䲣䴙㗗Ἦ冒㕤⎬ᾳ悐ấ 攻䘬Ḻ≽ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ斄Ὢ炷relationships炸 ⭞⹕ℏ䘬㭷ᾳㆸ⒉悥㚱℞䌐䩳䘬≇傥⬀⛐炻Ữㆸ⒉攻⍰㚫䓊䓇䚠Ḻ䘬斄Ὢˤ⭞⹕ ᷕảỽ䲣䴙冯㫉䲣䴙悥㗗䓙忋䳸⭞Ṣᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ㇨㥳ㆸ炻㭷ᾳ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻悥㚱㝸䧖斄 Ὢ⬀⛐炻⚈㬌忳䓐⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾↮㜸⭞⹕㗪炻⽭枰㲐シ⇘⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬斄倗冯Ḻ≽㕡⺷炻ẍ㳆〱℞ᷕ墯暄䘬Ḻ≽傰䴉ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ㫉䲣䴙炷subsystems炸 ⭞⹕ᷕ⁭㫉㕤⭞⹕䲣䴙䘬⮷䲣䴙䧙䁢㫉䲣䴙ˤ侴⭞⹕ᷕ⊭⏓Ḯ姙⣂ℙ⬀䘬㫉䲣䴙炻⎗ẍ䓙廑↮ˣ⿏⇍ˣ冰嵋ㆾ≇傥䫱⼊ㆸ炻ㆸ⒉⛐㭷ᾳ㫉䲣䴙ᷕ埴ἧᶵ⎴Ⰼ㫉䘬㪲 ⇑炻ẍ⍲↮㳦ᶵ⎴䘬屔ảˤᶨ凔侴妨炻⭞⹕ᷕ㚨㊩ᷭ䘬㫉䲣䴙䁢⣓⥣ˣ奒⫸⍲ㇳ嵛ᶱ 䧖㫉䲣䴙炻⛐≇傥列⤥䘬⭞⹕ᷕ炻㬌ᶱ䧖㫉䲣䴙䘬忳ἄ㗗㔜⎰䘬ˤ⭞⹕ᷕ䘬㫉䲣䴙⼤㬌斄倗ˣḺ≽炻Ḻ≽䘬䳸㝄ᶵ⁭㗗⼙枧娚㫉䲣䴙炻侴ᶼḇ⎗傥⼙枧⇘㛒ṳℍḺ≽䘬㫉䲣䴙ˤ⤪⣓⥣⏝㝞ᶵ⎒㗗⣓⥣䲣䴙㚫↢䎦⓷柴炻忚侴㚫⼙枧奒⫸䲣䴙冯ㇳ嵛䲣䴙䫱ˤ 䔞⭞⹕塓夾䁢ᶨᾳ䲣䴙炻⭞⹕暊ᶵ攳䣦㚫炻㇨ẍ䣦㚫⯙塓夾䁢崭䲣䴙炷super-system炸炻侴⣓⥣ˣ奒⫸ˣㇳ嵛塓䓴⭂䁢㫉䲣䴙ˤ 炷⚃炸ġ䓴➇炷boundaries炸 ᾳ橼⛐⭞⹕ᷕ冒⮷晐叿⸜漉ㆸ攟炻徸㻠䘤⯽ˬ冒ㆹデ˭炻᷎⛐⽫䎮ᶲ⼊ㆸ䃉⼊䘬炻 ẍ⋨↮冒ㆹ␴ṾṢ䘬䓴旸炻㬌䃉⼊䘬䓴旸塓䧙䁢ˬ䓴➇˭ˤˬ⽫䎮䓴旸˭㗗ᶨ䧖㉥尉. 17.

(34) 㤪⾝炻夷䭬⭞Ṣㆸ⒉攻Ḻ≽䘬⼊⺷ℏ㵝冯㍍妠慷炻䓴⭂⭞Ṣ攻䘬奒⭮嶅暊ˤ⭞⹕ᷕ㫉䲣䴙攻ˬ䓴⭂㶭㤂䘬䓴旸˭䵕㊩↮暊⿏⍲㬠Ⱄ攻䘬⸛堉炻⣒忶檮㔋㚫忈ㆸ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬忶⹎䵲⭮炻⣒₝⊾㚫⮶农ℏ悐䘬ㆸ⒉攻忶㕤䔷暊ˣ䲦䳸ˤ⭞⹕䲣䴙ᷕ䘬䓴➇㚱ᶱ䧖シ㵝炻↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳ烉 1. 䓴⭂⭞⹕䘬㫉䲣䴙烉怑䓐Ἦ䓴⭂⭞⹕ᷕ䘬㫉䲣䴙炻䓴➇妪⭂⯙㰢⭂⭞⹕ᷕ䘬 ㆸ⒉䳬ㆸ炻ẍ⍲⭞⹕夷⇯䘬⇞⭂ˤ 2. 䓴⭂䈑䎮䓴旸烉㗗庫℟橼ˣ⎗夳䘬䓴⭂炻⤪⭞⹕ᷕ䥩Ṣ䘬㇧攻ˣ䈑⑩䫱ˤ 3. 䓴⭂⭞⹕ㆸ⒉烉㊯↢⭞⹕ᷕ䘬ㆸ⒉ㅱ娚䓙婘䳬ㆸˤ 㬠䲵ᶲ徘炻ᶨᾳ⬴㔜‍⹟䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙⛐朊⮵⡻≃㗪炻天怑⹎婧㔜ㆾ㓡嬲炻䲣䴙攻天㚱㖶栗䘬䓴旸炻ẍ䵕㊩↮暊冯㬠Ⱄ攻䘬⸛堉ˤ 炷Ḽ炸ġ⚆棳炷feedback炸 ⎗↮䁢㬋⎹炷䧵㤝炸⚆棳冯屈⎹炷㴰㤝炸⚆棳ˤ㇨媪䘬㬋⎹ˣ屈⎹᷎ᶵ㴱⍲₡ ῤ⇌㕟炻⬴ℐ㗗ẍ廠ℍ㗗⏎忈ㆸ㓡嬲Ἦ㰢⭂ˤ㬋⎹⚆棳㗗㊯ㇻ䟜⭞⹕䲣䴙ᷕ䘬₝⊾䎦尉炻德忶㬋⎹⚆棳嬻⭞⹕䲣䴙慵㕘䳬⎰炻ἧ⍇Ἦ䘬䲣䴙䉨ン䓊䓇㓡嬲烊屈⎹⚆棳㗗㊯ ⃀䭉㚱⢾Ἦ䘬廠ℍ炷⢾⛐⇢㽨炸炻䔞⓷柴♜慵⇘䒎妋㔜ᾳ⭞⹕䲣䴙㗪炻䲣䴙ṵᾅ㊩⍇ 㛔䘬䉨ン侴㛒忈ㆸ㓡嬲ˤ 炷ℕ炸ġ⭞⹕夷⇯炷family rules炸 ⭞⹕㗗ᶨᾳ夷⇯䭉䎮䘬䲣䴙炻⭞⹕夷⇯㗗⭞⹕䲣䴙䘬₡ῤ⏰䎦炻㭷ᾳ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉悥⽭枰⬠佺Ṩ湤㗗塓⃩姙␴㛇⼭䘬炻䓂湤㗗塓䤩㬊␴㍏⇞䘬ˤ⎴㗪炻⭞⹕夷⇯ḇ㗗⺢㥳 ⍲䵕㊩⭞⹕斄Ὢ䘬℔⺷炻德忶㇨㚱⭞⹕ㆸ⒉斄Ὢᷳᷕ炻攟㛇䘬㧉⺷侴 ↢㍐婾炻⺢䩳 ➢䢶侴ᶼ㰢⭂ㆸ⒉⼤㬌䚠⮵䘬㛇㛃ˤ⭞⹕夷⇯忂ⷠ⊭㊔㍷徘⿏炷descriptuve炸冯㊯䣢⿏炷prescriptive炸ℑ䧖✳ンˤ㍷徘⿏䘬夷⇯㗗㍷徘Ṍ㎃䘬㧉⺷烊㊯䣢⿏䘬夷⇯㗗㊯⮶ ㆸ⒉Ṩ湤⎗ẍ 炻Ṩ湤ᶵ⎗ẍ ˤ⛐‍ℐ␴攳㓦䘬⭞⹕ᷕ炻夷⇯䘬⺢䩳㚱≑㕤䵕㊩⭞ ⹕䘬䦑⸷冯䨑⭂炻⎴㗪ḇ⃩姙夷⇯⛐嬲≽䘬䑘⠫ᷕ㓡嬲ˤ䚠⍵䘬炻⮩攱䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙炻 ᶵ⁭⭞⹕斄Ὢ䳸㥳₝⊾炻⛐䭉㔁⫸⤛䘬夷⇯冯㹅忂䘬忳ἄ炻ḇ栗⼿⚢叿␴仢᷷⻰⿏ˤ ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ẍ⭞⹕䘬≽≃㬟䦳Ἦ朊⮵䧖䧖䘬暋柴炻ẍ䵕㊩⭞⹕䘬⸛堉ˤ. 18.

(35) 炷ᶫ炸ġᶱ奺斄Ὢ炷interlocking triangle炸㭷ᾳ⭞⹕㗗䓙姙⣂ᶵ⎴䘬ᶱ奺斄Ὢ㇨㥳ㆸ炻忁ṃᶱ奺斄Ὢ㗗䵕㊩⭞⹕䲣䴙㊩临䨑 ⭂䘬≃慷ˤ䔞⭞⹕ᷕℑᾳㆸ⒉ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ䓊䓇㓡嬲炷㚜奒⭮ㆾ㚜䔷怈炸炻䫔ᶱᾳ⭞⹕ ㆸ⒉⼨⼨⯙㚫ṳℍ⍣䵕㊩⭞⹕䲣䴙䘬⸛堉ˤἳ⤪烉ℑ⛘⭞⹕䔞ᷕ炻䇞奒⸛㖍悥ᶵ⛐⭞ ⹕䔞ᷕ冯⥣⫸ˣ⮷⬑ℙ⎴䓇㳣炻㭵奒冯⫸⤛䘬斄Ὢ⯙㚫嬲⼿㚜≈䵲⭮ˤᶱ奺斄Ὢ⎗ẍ ㆸ䁢ℑṢ斄Ὢ↢⓷柴䘬嬎妲炻侴㖶䝕ᶱ奺斄Ὢ䘬㛔岒⯙㗗妋㰢⭞⹕⓷柴䘬䫔ᶨ㬍炻㇨ ẍ⭞⹕ᷕ䘬㭷ᾳㆸ⒉悥ㅱ娚⬠佺⤪ỽ⺢䩳㶭㤂䓴䶂炻Ὣ忚ḴṢˣᶱ奺斄Ὢ㬋⎹䘤⯽ˤ ⭞⹕圵⎰䦳⹎グ檀炻ᶱ奺斄Ὢ⯙グ⻟䁰⍲㖶栗炻䔞ℑᾳ⭞Ṣ斄Ὢ䘬䃎ㄖ䦳⹎㍸檀炻⯙ 㚫⮯ᶨᾳ⭡㖻⍿ 䘬䫔ᶱ侭䈥㈗忚Ἦ炻ẍ䦨慳䃎ㄖ炻⭞⹕ᷕ㚨ὅ岜䘬Ṣ䈡⇍⭡㖻⍿⇘ ᶱ奺斄Ὢ䘬 ⭛ˤἳ⤪⭞⹕䔞ᷕ炻䇞㭵奒⼤㬌䇕⏝炻⼰⭡㖻⮯⫸⤛䘬㔁梲⓷柴䈥㈗忚 Ἦ炻忚侴忈ㆸ⫸⤛冯䇞㭵奒ᷳ攻䘬堅䨩冯⡻≃炻忁ḇ㗗⭞⹕ᷕⷠ夳䘬ᶱ奺斄Ὢˤ ⭞⹕㗗ᶨᾳ夷⇯䭉䎮䘬䲣䴙炻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉⽭枰⬠佺Ṩ湤㗗⃩姙塓㛇⼭䘬炻᷎ᶼ思⽒㬌夷⇯炻⺢㥳⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬㖍ⷠḺ≽㧉⺷炷⼕㆟䛇炻1998炸ˤ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾㚱ᶳ徘ᶫ ᾳ㟠⽫㤪⾝炷⼕㆟䛇炻2003炸烉炷ᶨ炸 ⭞⹕䲣䴙㗗㊱䄏檀ỶⰌ䳂炷hierarchy炸䳬ㆸ炻㭷ᾳⰌ䳂悥㚫Ḻ䚠⼙枧ˤ 炷Ḵ炸 ⭞⹕㗗ᶨᾳ夷⇯䭉䎮䲣䴙炻夷⇯㚱㍷徘⿏␴㊯䣢⿏炻㇨㚱⭞⹕ㆸ⒉悥⽭枰 ⬠佺ˤ 炷ᶱ炸 ⭞⹕䲣䴙℟㚱⿮⭂ἄ䓐炷family homeostasis炸炻䲣䴙㛔幓㚫䵕㊩⸛堉ˤ 炷⚃炸 ⭞⹕䲣䴙㗗ᶨᾳ⚆棳⚰炷feedback loops炸炻⍰↮㬋⎹炷positive炸␴屈⎹ 炷negative炸炻㬋⎹㗗㊯⡆≈㓡嬲䘬≃慷炻屈⎹㗗㊯㷃⮹㓡嬲䘬≃慷炻㬋⎹⚆棳グ⣏炻 ⇢㽨グ⻟炻⿮⭂ἄ䓐グ⮷炻䲣䴙グᶵ䨑⭂ˤ 炷Ḽ炸 ⭞⹕䲣䴙℟㚱妲〗Ṍ㎃䘬橼⇞炻㗗㊯⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻␴⢾⛐ᶾ䓴䘬妲〗Ṍ㎃炻㚱≑㕤㷃⮹ᶵ䡢⭂⿏炻性⃵⣙⸷ˤ 炷ℕ炸 ⭞⹕ᷕ㚱姙⣂ℙ⬀䘬∗䲣䴙炻⎗䓙ᶾẋˣ⿏⇍ˣ⇑䙲⍲≇傥䫱⚈䳈㥳ㆸ炻㭷ᾳ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉⎴㗪Ⱄ㕤⣂ᾳ∗䲣䴙炻⼤㬌攻℟㚱Ḻ墄⿏䘬斄Ὢˤ 炷ᶫ炸 ⭞⹕䲣䴙⣂㔠㗗攳㓦䲣䴙炻⮹㔠⭞⹕㗗⮩攱䲣䴙ˤグ㗗攳㓦䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙炻グ㗗傥怑ㅱˣ朊⮵㕘䴻槿⍲栀シ㓡嬲ˤ. 19.

(36) 䵄⎰ᶲ徘⎬⬠侭⮵㕤⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾䘬奨溆炻⼿䞍⭞⹕㗗ᶨᾳ䣦㚫䲣䴙炻䳬ㆸ⭞⹕ 䲣䴙䘬⃫䳈炻⊭㊔⭞⹕ㆸ⒉ˣㆸ⒉攻䘬斄Ὢˣ㔯⊾ˣ⭞⹕㬟⎚ˣ㹅忂✳ンˣḺ≽㧉⺷ˣ ⭞⹕㯋㯃ˣ䴻㾇␴䣦㚫䑘⠫䫱炻⼤㬌攻悥Ḻ䚠⼙枧ˤ德忶⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾Ἦ㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞ ⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻⣏⣂㔠䘬䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷悥㸸冒㕤⍇ 䓇⭞⹕䇞㭵奒䘬䭉㔁奨⾝冯㕡⺷炻Ữ㗗炻䇞㭵奒⽭枰⿅侫冒⶙䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ ⛐ᶵ⎴䘬⭞⹕ᷕ㗗⏎ὅ冲⎰⭄冯〘䔞炻㇨ẍ䇞㭵奒ᶵ䚚⽆㈧多ᶲᶨẋ䘬䭉㔁㕡⺷炻婧怑冯㓡嬲䘤⯽↢ᶨ⣿怑⎰䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻性⃵忶⣂䘬䣦㚫⡻≃炻䵕㊩␴媏䘬奒⫸Ḻ≽斄Ὢˤ ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ᷣ⻝⸤⃺䘬埴䁢㗗⸤⃺ˣ⭞⹕⍲䣦㚫ᶱ㕡朊ṌḺἄ䓐ᶳ䘬䳸㝄炻䇞㭵⽭枰⬠佺䎮妋⸤⃺埴䁢側⼴䘬㵝佑炻ᶵ⎒㗗⬠佺䭉㔁⸤⃺䘬㈨ⶏ炻䔞⸤⃺↢䎦ᶵ列埴䁢㗪炻⯙堐䣢⭞⹕䲣䴙⛐㝸悐↮䘬忳ἄ↢䎦⓷柴炻ᶵ╖⽭枰㩊夾⸤⃺䘬⓷柴埴䁢炻㚜㗗天慵㕘㩊夾㔜ᾳ⭞⹕䲣䴙䘬忳ἄ冯ㆸ⒉攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢˤℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷕ䘬䇞㭵奒炻㚜㗗天慵夾奒⫸ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻䇞奒冯⫸⤛ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻德忶㬋⎹⚆棳ἧ⍇Ἦ䲣䴙䓊䓇㓡嬲炻婧㔜ㆸ怑⭄䘬⭞⹕䳸㥳㧉⺷炻嬻⫸⤛ḇ㶭㤂䞍忻䇞奒㗗⚈䁢⭞ᷕ䓇妰侴⽭枰⸛㖍⇘⢾⛘ⶍἄ炻忁䧖⭞⹕䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲炻嬻䲣䴙㚱㕘䘬≽ン忳ἄ㕡⺷烊㭵奒冯⫸ ⤛ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻妪⭂ᶨ⣿⬴┬䘬⭞⹕夷⇯炻性⃵⸛㖍䇞奒ᶵ⛐⭞⹕䔞ᷕ侴⮶农⭞ ⹕⣙⸷䘬䘤䓇ˤ. Οǵġ ৎ৥‫س‬಍౛ፕϷৎ৥ԛ‫س‬಍! Minuchin(1974)㍸↢⭞⹕䲣䴙ᷕ炻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉ᷳ攻㚫ὅ⿏⇍ˣ冰嵋ˣ奺刚≇傥ㆾᶾ ẋⶖ䔘侴䳬䷼ㆸᶵ⎴䘬㫉䲣䴙炻⎬䲣䴙䘬䚠⮵斄Ὢḇ㗗⺽䘤ᾳṢ⓷柴䘬ᷣ天⍇⚈ᷳ⚈ 䳈ˤ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾ẍ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬㫉䲣䴙ˣ⭞⹕䲣䴙ẍ⍲䣦㚫䁢崭䲣䴙䁢ᷣ㝞炻㥳ㆸ ᶨᾳ⬴㔜䘬⭞⹕䲣䴙⚾炻⤪⚾2-2-1ˤ㟡㒂Minuchin⭞⹕䳸㥳䘬䎮婾炻⭞⹕ᷕ㚱ᶱᾳ慵天䘬㫉䲣䴙炻↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳ烉. 20.

(37) 炷ᶨ炸ġ ⣓⥣㫉䲣䴙䓙⨂⦣斄Ὢ㇨䵕专䘬䲣䴙炻䔞⣓⥣暁㕡㚱Ḻ墄⿏䈡岒㗪炻⯙⎗ẍἧ䲣䴙䘤㎖㚨Ἓ ≇傥ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ 奒⫸㫉䲣䴙䓙䇞㭵⍲⫸⤛䳬ㆸ炻䇞㭵⮵⫸⤛屈㚱梲做ˣ䄏栏⍲ᾅ嬟䘬屔ả炻⫸⤛⇯暨⮵䇞㭵 ⮲㔔⍲⬅枮ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ ㇳ嵛㫉䲣䴙䓙⎴ᶨẋ䘬⃬⻇⥲⥡㇨䳬ㆸ炻⤪㝄⃬⻇⥲⥡ᷳ攻䘬⸜漉グ䚠役炻⇯䲣䴙ᷕㆸ⒉Ḻ ≽䘬柣䌯グ柣䷩ˤ. ຬ‫س‬಍Ȑ‫཮ޗ‬ȑ!. ৎ৥‫س‬಍! !ϻ‫!ۀ‬ ԛ‫س‬಍!. !ᒃη! ԛ‫س‬಍!. !Ћ‫!ى‬ ԛ‫س‬಍!. ⚾ 2-2- 1 ⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾⚾炷䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮炸. 䓙ᶲ徘⎬ỵ⬠侭⮵㕤⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾䘬斉徘炻⼿䞍⭞⹕⌛䁢ᶨᾳ䲣䴙炻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻㚱⭮↯䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻⭞⹕ᷕ䘬㫉䲣䴙⤪㝄䓴旸㖶䡢炻⮯㚱≑㕤⭞⹕ㆸ⒉攻䘬㹅忂冯䚠嗽炻⤪㝄䓴旸₝⊾⣙⍣⻰⿏炻⇯㚫⺽䘤ㆸ⒉攻䘬堅䨩炻侴忈ㆸ⭞⹕ㆸ⒉斄Ὢ䘬䔷暊炻 ἧ⭞⹕≇傥暋ẍ䘤㎖ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䁢ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷ᷳ㍊䨞炻⎗ẍ德忶Minuchin䘬 ⭞⹕䳸㥳䎮婾炻㍊䨞⛐ℑ⛘⭞⹕䔞ᷕ℞⣓⥣䲣䴙ˣ奒⫸䲣䴙⍲ㇳ嵛䲣䴙ᷳ攻㭷ỵ⭞⹕. 21.

(38) ㆸ⒉䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ冯㧉⺷ˤ⣓⥣䲣䴙炻⣓⥣暁㕡⤪ỽ䴻䆇冯䵕专⼤㬌䘬ねデ炻侴ᶵ㚫⚈ 䁢⸛㖍↮昼ℑ⛘忈ㆸねデᶲ䘬䔷暊烊奒⫸䲣䴙炻䇞㭵⮵⫸⤛ㅱ娚㚱梲做ˣ䄏栏⍲ᾅ嬟䘬屔ả炻ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷕ䘬䇞奒⚈䁢ⶍἄ⚈䳈⸛㖍ᶵ⛐⭞⹕䔞ᷕ炻䇞奒⮵㕤⫸⤛䘬㔁做⍲ 梲做㗗德忶ỽ䧖㕡⺷Ἦ䵕㊩奒⫸䲣䴙攻䘬⸛堉炻㭵奒⍰㗗㈖㺼ỽ䧖奺刚烊ㇳ嵛䲣䴙炻䓙⎴ᶨẋ䘬⃬⻇⥲⥡㇨䳬ㆸ炻ℑ⛘⭞⹕墉䘬⃬⻇⥲⥡㗗⏎㚫⚈䁢䇞奒⸛㖍ᶵ⛐⭞⹕䔞 ᷕ侴ねデ㚜≈䵲⭮炻ㆾ㗗㰺㚱ᶨᾳ㪲⦩⿏㊯㧁䘬䇞奒⛐⭞侴⃬⻇⥲⥡ᷳ攻䳃䇕ᶵ㕟ˤ 德忶䞼䨞Ἦ㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷕ䘬⎬ᾳ䲣䴙攻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉䘬Ḻ≽炻㚜⎗ẍ㶭㤂䞍忻ℑ⛘⭞⹕ 䘬䇞㭵⤪ỽ䓐⽫䴻䆇⭞⹕ˣ䇞㭵奒⤪ỽ㔁梲⸤⃺ẍ⍲ㇳ嵛攻䘬ね婤斄Ὢˤ. 22.

(39) ಃΟ࿯ġ. !ৎ৥ғ‫ຼڮ‬ය!. 㛔䞼䨞㫚㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺㔁梲ᾉ⾝⤪ỽ⼙枧㔁梲㕡⺷ˤ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬䎮婾㚱≑㕤慸㶭䎦昶㭝䓇㳣忙㛇䘬⡻≃炻⣏悐ấ䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇悥㗗憅⮵ᶨ凔⁛䴙 ㆾ㟠⽫⭞⹕ἄ昶㭝䘬↮栆炻ỵ⯭ᶵ⎴⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇昶㭝䘬䇞㭵⮵㕤⫸⤛㚱叿ᶵ⎴䘬㔁梲㕡⺷炻䚠庫㕤ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ᷳ䚠斄䞼䨞炻⚳ℏ䚖⇵怬㰺㚱⬠侭ἄ㍊妶炻 ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㗗⏎冯ᶨ凔⁛䴙ㆾ㟠⽫⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㚱㇨ᶵ⎴炻㓭ℑ ⛘⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㗗䞼䨞侭㇨㫚㍊䨞ˤ⛐㛔䭨䞼䨞侭ẍ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬䎮婾➢䢶ˤ. ΋ǵġ ৎ৥ғ‫ຼڮ‬ය‫ޑ‬ว৖ङඳ! ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬㤪⾝㸸冒㕤 Evelyn Duvall & Reuben Hill ㇨㍸↢䘬ˬ䘤⯽⬠䎮婾˭ 炷developmental theory炸炻叿慵㕤⭞⹕冰堘䘬忶䦳炻䔞⭞⹕䴻㬟⼊ㆸ炷formation炸ˣ 䘤⯽炷development炸ˣ㒜⣏炷augmentation炸冯堘⻙炷decline炸䫱昶䳂炻㭷ᶨᾳ㕘昶㭝ⷞἮ㕘䘬䘤⯽ả⊁炷㚡ⷠṩ炻2010炸ˤ 㚨㖑㍸↢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬㗗 Duvall ⛐ 1977 ⸜⮯ˬᾳṢ䓇␥忙㛇㧉⺷˭䘬゛㱽㍐⺋⇘ˬ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇˭炷family life cycle, FCL炸炻㍊妶⭞⹕⽆⺢䩳⇘䳪㬊䘬䘤⯽忶䦳炻 ḇ㗗ℑᾳṢ䳬ㆸ⭞⹕⼴⛐ᶵ⎴昶㭝㚱㛇⼭妋㰢䘬⓷柴炻⍰⎗ẍ䧙ἄˬ⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔˭ 炷㳒よ剔炻2003炸ˤDuvall ⮯⭞⹕㔜ᾳ䘤⯽㓡嬲䘬忶䦳↮䁢ℑᾳᷣ天悐↮炻↮⇍㔀徘 ⤪ᶳ炷䌳ẍṩ炻2010炸烉炷ᶨ炸ġ㒜⣏⭞⹕昶㭝炷expanding family stage炸⽆䳸⨂⺢䩳⭞⹕攳⥳炻䚜⇘䓇⮷⬑军梲做ṾᾹㆸṢˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ䷖⮷⭞⹕昶㭝炷contracting family stage炸⽆⬑⫸攟⣏暊⭞⼴炻䌐䩳忶叿ㆸṢ䓇㳣攳⥳炻⭞⹕墉⎒∑ᶳ侩⣓⨎䌐冒⹎忶㘂⸜ 䓇㳣ˤ ⣏悐↮䘬Ṣ⽆↢䓇恋ᶨ⇣军㬣ṉ悥䴻㬟Ḯ⫘⃺㛇ˣ⃺䪍㛇ˣ⮹⸜㛇ˣ曺⸜㛇ˣ⢗ ⸜㛇⍲侩⸜㛇䫱昶㭝炻忁ṃ昶㭝⼊ㆸḮᶨᾳ䓇␥⽒䑘炷life cycle炸ˤ⭞⹕䘬䘤⯽ḇ㚱. 23.

(40) 忙㛇⿏䘬㬟䦳炻⯙⁷䓇␥⽒䑘ᶨ㧋炻㚱℞⥳ˣ䳪ˣ䚃ˣ堘䘬䓇␥㬟䦳炻⭞⹕⽆ℑᾳṢ 䳸⨂ℙ䳬⭞⹕攳⥳炻⇘⣓⥣暊䔘ㆾᶨ㕡㬣ṉ侴䳸㜇炻䴻㬟⎬ᾳᶵ⎴昶㭝炻ᶵ⎴䘬昶㭝㚱℞ᶵ⎴䘬䘤⯽ả⊁炻⺢㥳ㆸᶨᾳ⭞⹕䓇␥⽒䑘炻ḇ䧙䁢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇炷檀㵹屜炻 1991炸ˤ㚱悐↮⬠侭⁦⎹⮯⭞⹕㔜ᾳ䘤⯽㓡嬲忶䦳䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇炻䧙䁢ˬ⭞⹕䓇␥ 䓇㵗˭炷family life career炸炻Ữ㗗℞シ佑冯ℏ㵝悥䚠⎴炻㇨ẍḇ㚱⬠侭⮯ℑᾳ⎵娆Ṍ Ḻ㶟䓐(Bigner, 1994)ˤ. Βǵġ ৎ৥ғ‫ຼڮ‬ය‫ޑ‬ཀ఼! ⭞⹕㗗䓙⭞⹕ㆸ⒉䳬䷼侴ㆸ炻⭞⹕ᶵ℟䓇␥炻Ữ㗗⭞⹕ㆸ⒉岎Ḱ⬫䓇␥炻⭞⹕ㆸ ⒉斄Ὢ㗗Ḻ≽⺷䘬≽ン䲣䴙炻᷎朆⚢⭂ᶵ嬲炻⭞⹕䲣䴙䎮婾℞ᷕ䘬㬋⎹⚆棳冯屈⎹⚆ 棳ἄ䓐ᷳᶳ炻嬻⭞⹕ᶵ㕟䘬㓡嬲冯婧㔜ˤ⭞⹕䓇㳣㗗ᶨ䧖㊩临䘬Ḻ≽㬟䦳炻⛐㗪攻ᶲ 㚱⃰⼴㫉⸷䘬䎦䉨斄Ὢ炻㭷ᾳ昶㭝悥㗗ṌḺ⼙枧炻᷎ᶼ㭷ᾳ昶㭝悥㚫㚱ṌḺ慵䔲䘬悐 ↮炷䌳ẍṩ炻2010炸ˤ ⣏悐↮䘬⭞⹕⛐䘤⯽䘬忶䦳䔞ᷕ炻悥㚫䴻㬟ᶨṃ⎗ẍ枸㷔䘬ḳẞㆾ昶㭝炻ἳ⤪烉䳸⨂ˣ䫔ᶨᾳ⬑⫸䘬↢䓇ˣ⬑⫸忚ℍ⯙⬠⸜䲨ˣ⬑⫸怩ℍ曺⮹⸜昶㭝ˣ⬑⫸暊攳⭞⹕ ⛐⢾朊冒䩳冒⻟ˣ⣓⥣ℑṢ暁暁徨ẹˣ⣓⥣㬣ṉ䫱䫱ˤ㈲⭞⹕夾䁢ᶨᾳ䘤⯽䘬䲣䴙㗪炻㭷ᾳ⭞⹕悥暨天嗽䎮⎬ᾳ昶㭝䘬ˬ䘤⯽ả⊁˭烊㭷ᶨᾳ⭞⹕悥⛐ᶨᾳ㊩临䘤⯽䘬傰䴉 ᷕ炻侴忁ṃ廱嬲䘬斄挝溆㗗⣏悐↮䘬⭞⹕悥㚫䴻㬟忁ṃ昶㭝炷⼕㆟䛇炻1998炸ˤ䚖⇵ 㚱斄⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⋨↮⍲℞䘤⯽ả⊁炻悥㗗憅⮵䣦㚫㚨㘖念⬀⛐䘬ˬ㟠⽫⭞⹕˭ 炷nuclear family炸炻㇨ẍ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇᷎ᶵ傥栆㍐⇘℞Ṿ⎬䧖栆✳䘬⭞⹕炻ἳ⤪╖奒 ⭞⹕炷single-parent family炸ˣ⎴⿏ㆨ⭞⹕炷homosexual family炸ẍ⍲ℵ⨂⭞⹕ 炷stepfamily炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞⍫冯⭞⹕䁢ℑ⛘⭞⹕炻德忶㔯䌣⃰㍊妶憅⮵ᶨ凔⁛䴙⭞ ⹕ㆾ㟠⽫⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇炻ℵὅ䄏ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㗗⏎冯⬠侭㍸↢䘬⭞ ⹕䓇␥忙㛇㚱䃉ⶖ䔘炻ḇ德忶⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䎮婾䘬㍊妶炻≑㕤䝕妋ℑ⛘⭞⹕⛐⎬ᾳ昶㭝⭞⹕䘬ㆸ攟ẍ⍲⎬ᾳ昶㭝䘬䘤⯽ả⊁ˤ ㍊妶⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬シ㵝炻⼨⼨悥㚫䈥㴱⇘⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㗗⤪ỽ∫↮ㆸˤẍ䳸⨂ ἄ䁢ᶨᾳ⭞⹕⼊ㆸ䘬攳䪗炻军㕤⤪ỽ⮯⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇↮㭝炻㭷ỵ⬠侭悥㚱ᶵ⎴䘬夳. 24.

(41) 妋炻㚱䯉╖∫↮炻ḇ㚱䷩暄∫↮䘬㕡㱽炻⬠侭Ᾱ⮵⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㚱⚃ᾳ⇘Ḵ⋩⚃ᾳᶵ 䫱䘬昶㭝∫↮炷㰰䑲㟫ˣ昛⦧⊛炻2004炸ˤ 忶⍣ᶨ凔⬠侭㚨ⷠẍ㚨攟⫸⤛䘬⸜䲨ἄ䁢∫↮⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ˤἳ⤪炻Duvall(1977) 椾⃰⮯䓇␥忙㛇冯Ṣ栆䘤⯽奨溆䳸⎰炻㗗⭞⹕䘤⯽䁢Ὣ忚⭞⹕ㆸ⒉䘬䘤⯽冯ㆸ攟㧉⺷炻ẍ⭞⹕ᷕ䘬䫔ᶨᾳ⫸⤛䓇攟忶䦳⍲㔁做昶㭝 ↮栆㧁㸾㇨㍸↢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ℓᾳ 昶㭝䎮婾ˤDuvall ㍸↢䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇∫↮㕡⺷ㆸ䁢⼴Ἦ䞼䨞⬠侭㚨ⷠ⺽䓐䘬⭞⹕䓇 ␥忙㛇ᷳ昶Ⰼ↮栆㕡⺷炻℞∫↮䘬ℓᾳ昶㭝↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳ炷⼕㆟䛇炻2003炸烉炷ᶨ炸ġ䫔ᶨ昶㭝ˬ㕘⨂㛇˭烉⽆䳸⨂䁢攳⥳炻⸛⛯㬟䴻䁢ℑ⸜⋲䘬㗪攻炻㬌昶㭝⯂㛒㚱⮷⬑ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ䫔Ḵ昶㭝ˬ梲做⸤⃺㛇˭烉䫔ᶨᾳ⮷⬑↢䓇军ℑ㬚⋲炻梲做⸤⃺昶㭝ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ䫔ᶱ昶㭝ˬ㶟Ḫ㛇˭烉⸛⛯䁢ᶱ⸜⋲炻䫔ᶨᾳ⮷⬑ℑ㬚⋲军ℕ㬚炻㚱⬠ 漉⇵⃺䪍昶㭝ˤ 炷⚃炸ġ䫔⚃昶㭝ˬ⬠漉⃺䪍㛇˭烉⸛⛯䁢ᶫ⸜炻䫔ᶨᾳ⮷⬑ᶫ㬚军⋩ᶱ㬚炻㚱 ⬠漉⃺䪍昶㭝ˤ 炷Ḽ炸ġ䫔Ḽ昶㭝ˬ曺⮹⸜㛇˭烉⸛⛯䁢ᶫ⸜炻䫔ᶨᾳ⮷⬑⋩⚃㬚军Ḵ⋩㬚炻㚱曺⮹濜昶㭝ˤ 炷ℕ炸ġ䫔ℕ昶㭝ˬ䘤⮬ᷕ⽫㛇˭烉⸛⛯䁢ℓ⸜炻⬑⫸映临暊⭞ˤ 炷ᶫ炸ġ䫔ᶫ昶㭝ˬᷕ⸜⌙㨇㛇˭烉⸛⛯⋩Ḽ⸜炻⭞⹕⽆䨢ⶊ昶㭝军⣓⥣徨ẹˤ 炷ℓ炸ġ䫔ℓ昶㭝ˬ侩⸜⭞⹕㛇˭烉⸛⛯䁢⋩⇘⋩Ḽ⸜炻䓙⣓⥣徨ẹ⇘⣓⥣ℑṢ 悥㬣ṉˤ Duvall娵䁢⭞⹕㚱ᶨᾳẍᶲ䘬⬑⫸㗪炻⛐⭞⹕⎬昶㭝㚫㚱⸦⸜䘬慵䔲炻⭞⹕㚫晐叿㚨⣏⫸⤛ㆸ攟炻㍍叿℞Ṿ⬑⫸䘬↢䓇军ㆸ攟炻㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ⽒䑘˭䘬デ奢炻⚈䁢忁ᾳ⭞ ⹕⶚䴻䅇〱⬑⫸ㆸ攟䘬㬋ⷠ䳸㝄 (Duvall & Miller,1985)ˤ Roy H. Rodgers ㈲㚨⮷⫸⤛䘬⸜漉䲵ℍ炻᷎㒜⣏Duvall 䘬ℓ昶㭝䁢Ḵ⋩⚃ᾳ昶㭝炻ỮṾ䘬∫↮ᶵⷠ塓㍉䓐炻⚈䁢∫↮⣒䳘ᶵ⇑㕤䞼䨞(Aldous,1978)ˤ ġ. Witt & Goodale ⇯㗗ẍ㚨⮷⫸⤛⸜漉ἄ䁢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬∫↮㕡⺷炻⮯⭞⹕䓇␥. 忙㛇↮䁢Ḽᾳ昶㭝炻ὅ⸷⤪ᶳĩWitt & Goodale,1981)烉ġ. 25.

(42) 炷ᶨ炸ġ䫔ᶨ昶㭝Ǻ⽆䳸⨂攳⥳炻⭞ᷕ⯂㛒㚱⮷⬑䘬昶㭝ˤġ 炷Ḵ炸ġ䫔Ḵ昶㭝Ǻ⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢⸤䧂⚺昶㭝炷⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢ᶨ军Ḽ㬚炸ˤġ 炷ᶱ炸ġ䫔ᶱ昶㭝Ǻ⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢⚳⮷昶㭝炷⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢ℕ军⋩Ḵ㬚炸ˤġ 炷⚃炸ġ䫔⚃昶㭝Ǻ⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢ᷕ⬠昶㭝炷⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢⋩ᶱ军⋩ℓ㬚炸ˤġ 炷Ḽ炸ġ䫔Ḽ昶㭝Ǻ⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ昶㭝炷⭞ᷕ㚨⮷⬑⫸䁢⋩ḅ㬚ẍġ ᶲ炸ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⚳ℏ⬠侭嫅䥨剔炷1989炸侫ㄖ䚖⇵⎘䀋⭞⹕✳ン␴㟠⽫⭞⹕䘬嬲⊾炻⎴㗪⍫侫⚳ ⢾⬠侭⮵⭞⹕忙㛇䘬∫↮㕡⺷炻ὅ䳸⨂ˣ梲做⫸⤛ˣ⫸⤛⍿㔁做ˣ暊⭞ˣ䳸⨂䫱忶䦳炻 ↮䁢ᶫᾳ⭞⹕昶㭝炻嫅䥨剔娵䁢ㆹ⚳䘬⭞⹕✳ンⰔ㕤ˬ廒䔒㟠⽫⭞⹕˭炻⯙㗗⍇䓇攟 ⭞⹕⛐⫸⤛ㆸ⨂⼴炻⌛埴↮⭞炻㕘䘬⭞⹕⼊ㆸ炻冲㚱䘬⭞⹕⌛⏲㴰⣙炻↮⭞⼴䘬䇞㭵 ṵ䓙⎬ᾳ⫸⤛廒䔒⣱梲炻ㆾ㗗䓙ᶨᾳ⬑⫸⚢⭂⣱梲炻侴䓙℞Ṿ䘬⫸⤛ℙ㑼䇞㭵䘬䓇㳣屣䓐ˤ℞⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ẍ㚨⣏⫸⤛⍲㚨⮷⫸⤛䘬ㆸ攟昶㭝ἄ䁢∫↮䘬㧁㸾炻∫↮昶㭝 ↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳˤġ 炷ᶨ炸ġ䫔ᶨ昶㭝ˬ⨂⦣婧㔜㛇˭烉⽆䳸⨂⇘㚨⣏⫸⤛↢䓇炻䲬ᶨ军ᶱ⸜ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ䫔Ḵ昶㭝ˬ梲做⬠漉⇵⫸⤛㛇˭烉㚨⣏⫸⤛↢䓇⇘ℍ⮷⬠⇵炻䲬ℕ⸜ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ䫔ᶱ昶㭝ˬ㚱⬠漉⃺䪍㛇˭烉㚨⣏⫸⤛䘬⸜漉⛐ℕ军⋩ᶱ㬚ᷳ攻ˤ 炷⚃炸ġ䫔⚃昶㭝ˬ㚱曺⮹⸜⫸⤛㛇˭烉㚨⣏⫸⤛䘬⸜漉⛐⋩ᶱ军Ḵ⋩㬚ᷳ攻ˤ 炷Ḽ炸ġ䫔Ḽ昶㭝ˬ⫸⤛㸾⁁暊⭞㛇˭烉⽆㚨⣏⫸⤛Ḵ⋩㬚ㆸ⸜暊⭞ˣ㯪⬠ˣ㚵⼡ˣ⯙㤕ㆾ䳸⨂⇘⸤⃺䳸⨂炻䲬⋩Ḵ⸜ˤ 炷ℕ炸ġ䫔ℕ昶㭝ˬ䫔Ḵ㫉囄㚰㛇˭烉⽆⫸⤛䳸⨂↮⭞⇘ᶰ⣓㬣ṉ炻䲬⋩⸜ˤ 炷ᶫ炸ġ䫔ᶫ昶㭝ˬ⬌⭪㛇˭⽆ᶰ⣓㬣ṉ⇘⥣⫸㬣ṉ炻䲬ℓ⸜ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ 湫⋫䍲炷1999炸䘬䞼䨞㊯↢炻役⸜Ἦ⬠侭⮯⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇∫↮䘬㕡⺷炻ᷣ天ὅ㒂 ℑ䧖炻䫔ᶨ䧖∫↮㕡⺷㗗㍉䓐㚨⮷⫸⤛䘬⸜漉ἄ䁢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇↮㭝䘬㕡㱽炻䫔Ḵ䧖 ∫↮㕡⺷䁢Ḵ↮㱽炻⮯⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇↮䁢䇞㭵梲做⫸⤛㛇冯⫸⤛暊⭞㛇ˤ哉娝唷冯傉㵹屆炷2001炸䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ẍ㚨⮷⫸⤛⸜漉∫↮昶㭝㭼䓐㚨攟⫸⤛䘬⸜漉㚜℟枸㷔≃炻 ⚈䁢䓐㚨⮷⫸⤛⸜漉 ∫↮㭼庫傥ẋ堐ᶨᾳ⬴㔜䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ˤġ. 26.

(43) ġ ġ ġ ġ 䚖⇵⯂㛒㚱䞼䨞㊯↢⒒ᶨ䧖⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇昶㭝䘬∫↮㕡㱽㗗怑䓐㕤ảỽ䘬䞼䨞炷昛⦧⊛炻2000炸炻⚈䁢㭷ᾳ䞼䨞䘬ℏ㵝ㆾ㗗憅⮵䘬㕷佌悥ᶵ䚉䚠⎴炻㇨ẍ᷎㰺㚱䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ᶲ徘⒒ᶨ䧖∫↮昶㭝㗗⎗ẍ㘖念怑䓐⛐ảỽね⠫䘬ˤ➢㛔ᶲ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇㚱 ᶵ⎴䘬∫↮㕡⺷炻㗗䁢Ḯ天⚈ㅱᶵ⎴䘬䞼䨞⍲䞼䨞ᷣ柴炻ẍ忼⇘㚜怑↯䞼䨞䚖䘬侴姕妰ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻䞼䨞侭⽭枰ὅ㒂㇨㫚㍊妶䘬䞼䨞ᷣ柴怠㑯怑⎰䘬∫↮㕡⺷炻㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐ ㍊妶ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻䈡⇍憅⮵⫘⸤⃺㗪㛇䘬昶㭝炻㇨ẍ 庫怑⎰ẍ㚨攟⫸⤛䘬⸜䲨ἄ䁢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬∫↮㕡⺷炻㓭㛔䞼䨞⍫侫 Duval(1977) ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬ℓᾳ昶㭝炻䈡⇍憅⮵䫔ᶨ昶㭝ˬ㕘⨂㛇˭⽆䳸⨂䁢攳⥳炻⸛⛯㬟䴻䁢 ℑ⸜⋲䘬㗪攻炻㬌昶㭝⯂㛒㚱⮷⬑ˣ䫔Ḵ昶㭝ˬ梲做⸤⃺㛇˭䫔ᶨᾳ⮷⬑↢䓇军ℑ㬚 ⋲炻梲做⸤⃺昶㭝⍲䫔ᶱ昶㭝ˬ㶟Ḫ㛇˭⸛⛯䁢ᶱ⸜⋲炻䫔ᶨᾳ⮷⬑ℑ㬚⋲军ℕ㬚炻㚱⬠漉⇵⃺䪍昶㭝ἄ㍊妶ˤġ !. Οǵġ ৎ৥ғ‫ຼڮ‬යϷৎ৥ว৖ᙍೢ! !!!!⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ᷣ天⛐婒㖶⣏悐ấ䘬⭞⹕㚫䴻㬟⼊ㆸˣ䘤⯽ˣ㒜⣏冯堘⻙䫱昶㭝炻㭷ᶨᾳ昶㭝悥㚱ᶵ⎴㕘䘬䘤⯽ả⊁炻⭞⹕ㆸ⒉⛐ᶵ⎴昶㭝ḇ䘤⯽↢ᶵ⎴䘬Ḻ≽㧉⺷ˤ ㇨ẍ炻⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇ᶵ⁭婒㖶⭞⹕䓇␥橼䘬ㆸ攟昶㭝炻㚜慵天䘬㗗ḇ⼙枧Ḯ䓇㳣ᷕ䘬 ᾳ橼炷啵慯桐炻1986炸ˤ ⛐⭞⹕䘬㭷ᾳ昶㭝悥㚱ᶨṃ⓷柴⼭妋㰢炻㚱ᶨṃ慵天ⶍἄ⼭⬴ㆸ炻䣦㚫⬠⭞䧙忁 ṃ⼭妋㰢⓷柴ㆾ⼭⬴ㆸⶍἄ䁢⭞⹕䘤⯽ả⊁炷family developmental tasks炸炻劍天枮⇑ ⹎忶⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬⎬ᾳ昶㭝炻⯙ㅱ娚䚉≃屈崟⎬ᾳ昶㭝㇨ㅱ㑼屈䘬屔ả炷檀㵹屜炻 1996炸ˤ Carter ␴ Mc Goldrick(1989)㍸↢⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬䘤⯽炻娵䁢ˬ⸜庽ㆸ⸜㛇˭㗗ᶨ ᾳ斄挝㛇炻㚫⼊ㆸᾳṢ䓇㳣䚖㧁冯冒ㆹ䘬㗪㛇炻⍇䓇⭞⹕⮵ᾳṢ怠㑯Ờ὞⍲傥⏎ㆸ≇ ⛘⮎䎦⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䘬⎬ᾳ昶㭝㚱㶙怈䘬⼙枧ˤCarter ␴ Mc Goldrick 㲐シ⇘ᾳṢ䓇 ␥忙㛇冯⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇炻㚫⚈䁢⣂ẋ䘬奨溆侴䓊䓇ṌḺ⼙枧炻娵䁢⭞⹕忶䦳ᶵ㗗䚜䶂䘬炻㭷ᾳ⭞⹕昶㭝悥Ḻ䚠㚱慵䔲ᷳ嗽炻Ữ㗗⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⬀⛐㗪攻䘬䚜䶂䈡岒䔞ᷕˤ. 27.

(44) Carter ␴ Mc Goldrick 憅⮵伶⚳ᷕ䓊昶䳂䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⍲℞䘤⯽ả⊁炻↮⇍㔀徘⤪ 堐 2-3-1ˤ. 堐 2-3- 1 ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⍲℞⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔昶㭝. ᶨ. 昶㭝婒㖶. 暊⭞ 炷╖幓⸜庽ㆸṢ炸. Ḵ. 䴻䓙⨂⦣䳬ㆸ⭞⹕ġ 炷ᶨ⮵⣓⥣炸ġ. ᶱ. ㆸ䁢䇞㭵ġ 炷㚱⃺䪍䘬⭞⹕炸ġ. ⚃. Ḽ. ⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔 1. ⋨⇍冒⶙␴⍇䓇⭞⹕䘬斄Ὢˤ 2. 䘤⯽奒⭮䘬⎴₽斄Ὢˤ 3. ⽆ⶍἄ␴䴻㾇䘬䌐䩳ᷕ⺢䩳冒ㆹˤ 1. ⨂⦣䲣䴙䘬⼊ㆸˤ 2. 㒜⣏慵䳬冒⶙␴惵„䘬⭞⹕冯㚳⍳䘬斄Ὢˤ 1. 䁢⬑⫸䘬Ἦ冐婧㔜⨂⦣䲣䴙ˤ 2. ≈ℍ㔁梲⬑⫸ˣ䴻㾇␴⭞⊁ⶍἄˤ 3. 冯⣏⭞⹕斄Ὢ䘬慵䳬炻⊭㊔梲做ᶳᶨẋ␴䄏栏ᶲᶨẋ䘬奺刚ˤ. 㚱曺⮹⸜䘬⭞⹕. 1. 㓡嬲奒⫸斄Ὢ炻⃩姙曺⮹⸜⛐䲣䴙ᷕ忚↢ˤ 2. 慵㕘斄⽫ᷕ⸜⨂⦣␴䓇㵗䘬嬘柴ˤ 3. 攳⥳廱䦣⇘䄏栏㚜侩䘬ᶨẋˤ. ᷕ⸜䓇䘬⭞⹕ġ 炷⬑⫸暊⭞炸. 1. 2. 3. 4.. 慵㕘⮑夾⨂⦣䲣䴙ˤ ␴㖍㻠攟⣏䘬⬑⫸䘤⯽ㆸṢ⮵ㆸṢ䘬斄Ὢˤ 慵䳬⦣奒␴䣾⬓廑䘬斄Ὢˤ 嗽䎮䇞㭵炷䣾䇞㭵炸䘬㭀䕦␴㬣ṉˤ. 28.

(45) 堐 2-3- 1 ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⍲℞⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔炷临炸昶㭝. ℕ. 昶㭝婒㖶. ⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔. ⼴㛇䓇㳣䘬⭞⹕. 1. 朊⮵䓇䎮䘬堘徨炻䵕㊩冒⶙␴炷ㆾ炸⣓⥣䘬借屔冯≇傥炻㍊妶㕘䘬⭞⹕冯䣦㚫奺刚ˤ 2. 䴎ᷕ䓇ẋ㚜⣂奺刚䘬㓗㊩ˤ 3. 㓗㊩⮲慵⸜侩侭䘬㘢ㄏ␴䴻槿炻侴ᶵ䴎Ḱ⣒⣂借屔ˤ 4. 嗽䎮⣙⍣惵„ˣㇳ嵛␴℞Ṿ⎴₽䘬⣙句ˤ 5. 䁢冒⶙䘬㬣ṉἄ㸾⁁ˤ 6. 䓇␥䘬⚆栏冯䴙㔜ˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Carter, B. & McGoldrick, M. (1989)ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ 啵慯桐炷1986炸⮯⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇↮䁢ℓᾳ昶㭝炻℞⎬昶㭝⍲⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔↮⇍㔀徘⤪堐 2-3-2ˤġ ġ 堐 2-3- 2 ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⍲℞⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔昶㭝. ᶨ. Ḵ. ᶱ. ⣏䲬⸜㔠. 昶㭝婒㖶. ⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔. 2. 㛒㚱⮷⬑䘬⶚⨂ ⣓⥣昶㭝. 1. 惵„ḴṢ㭷㖍㖍ⷠ䓇㳣炷ḳ㤕ᶲ␴ẹ攺㗪攻炸 ᶲᷳḺ䚠怑ㅱˤ 2. ⮵冒⶙䘬ㆸṢ惵„⺢䩳㕘䘬娵⎴ˤ 3. ⮵㕘䘬奒㇂斄Ὢ䘬怑ㅱ炻⎗傥攳⥳㛇⼭䫔ᶨᾳ ⬑⫸䘬Ἦ冐炻⮵㆟⫽䘬怑ㅱˤ. 2.5. 梲做⫘⸤⃺昶㭝炷䫔ᶨᾳ⬑⫸㛒㺧 30 ᾳ㚰炸. 1. 2. 3. 4.. 3.5. 㚱⬠漉⇵⃺䪍ᷳ 昶㭝炷䫔ᶨᾳ⬑⫸ ⸜漉⛐ 2.5 军 5 㬚 ᷳ攻炸. 1. 2. 3. 4.. ⮵㕘䘬䇞㭵奺刚ᷳ怑ㅱˤ ⬠佺䁢Ṣ䇞㭵ᷳ⎬䧖㈨傥ˤ ⣓⥣冯䇞㭵奺刚ᷳ⋼⓮ˤ ⮵ḳ㤕ˣ⇵徼䫱ⶍἄᶲᷳ⎬䧖怑ㅱˤ 㔁⮶㑓做⃺䪍㕘䘬㈨傥ˤ ⮵㕤⬑⫸Ᾱᷳㆸ攟侴⣙⍣冒䓙ᷳ怑ㅱˤ ⮵ḳ㤕冯䓇㵗ᷳ怑ㅱˤ ⮵⎗傥㚱䫔Ḵᾳ⮷⬑旵冐ᷳ㸾⁁ˤ. ġ. 29.

(46) 堐 2-3-2 ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⎬昶㭝⍲℞⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔炷临炸昶㭝. ⚃. Ḽ. ℕ. ᶫ. ℓ. ⣏䲬⸜㔠. 昶㭝婒㖶. ⭞⹕䘤⯽借屔. 㚱⬠漉⃺䪍䘬昶㭝炷⛐䫔ᶨᾳ⬑⫸ ⸜漉⛐ 6 军 12 㬚 ᷳ攻炸. 1. 2. 3. 4.. 溻⊝㭷ỵ⫸⤛䓇⽫ᷳㆸ攟ˤ ⮵⬠㟉暨㯪ᷳ怑ㅱˤ ⥣⫸ㆾᶰ⣓⎗傥慵彼⬠㟉ㆾⶍἄⲿỵˤ 徸㻠⡆≈⍫冯␴⫸⤛㚱斄ᷳ䣦⋨㳣≽ˤ. 7. 㚱曺⮹⸜⫸⤛⛐ ⭞ᷳ昶㭝. 1. 2. 3. 4.. ⮵⫸⤛㖍⡆冒ᷣ㪲ᷳ怑ㅱˤ 妰䔓⣓⥣ᷳ⎬䧖㳣≽᷎ ⫸⤛暊⭞ᷳ㸾⁁ˤ ḳ㤕⎗傥⛐㬌昶㭝忼⇘檀Ⲙˤ ⭞⹕䴻㾇⛐㬌昶㭝⣂忼㚨檀Ⲙˤ. 8. 1. Ὣἧㆸ⸜⫸⤛ᷳ䌐䩳㨇㚫炷ᶲ⣏⬠ˣⶍἄˣ䳸 ⨂䫱炸ˤ 㬍ℍ䨩梃ᷳ昶㭝 2. 两临䴎Ḱ⫸⤛㓗㊩冯⋼≑炻Ữ㲐シᶵ忶↮㍏⇞ 炷冒䫔ᶨᾳ⬑⫸ ṾᾹˤ 暊⭞⇘⸤⃺暊⭞炸 3. 朷⚢䇞㭵ᷳ⨂⦣䓇㳣ˤ 4. ⮵⎗傥⣙⍣惵„炷㬣ṉ炸ᷳ怑ㅱˤ. 7. 15. 10-15. ᷕ⸜䇞㭵昶㭝炷䨢 ⶊ昶㭝炸. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.. ṓ⍿侩Ờᷳ】ねˤ ⮵‍⹟䉨㱩ᷳ怑ㅱˤ ⮵䣾䇞㭵奺刚ᷳ怑ㅱ炷劍㚱⬓⫸⤛㗪炸ˤ ⡆≈䣦⋨㳣≽ㆾ℞Ṿẹ攺㳣≽ˤ ⡆⻟奒㇂攻䘬斄Ὢ炻庫㚫冯奒㇂㚱Ḻ≽ˤ. 侩⸜昶㭝母⮉昶㭝炷冒徨ẹ⇘㬣 ṉ炸. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.. ⮵怩ℍ侩⸜⍲‍⹟堘⽖ᷳ怑ㅱˤ ⮵ˬ侩Ṣ˭ᷳ娵⎴ˤ 徨ẹ⍲⣙⍣䣦㚫ㆾⶍἄ⛘ỵᷳ怑ㅱˤ ‍⹟ね㱩姙⎗ᷳ䭬⚵ℏ⍫冯㚱シ佑ᷳ㳣≽ˤ ⎗傥⣙⍣惵„炻„侴暨䌐⯭ᷳ怑ㅱˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉啵慯桐炷1986炸ˤ˪⨂⦣斄Ὢ冯怑ㅱ˫炷⎘⊿烉⻝侩ⷓ↢䇰䣦炸炻枩 33-34ˤ. ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⮯ᶲ徘⭞⹕昶㭝ᷳ䘤⯽借屔ㅱ䓐㕤㛔䞼䨞炻ℑ⛘⭞⹕䇞㭵⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝⍲㔁梲㕡⺷炻⎗ẍ䚳↢⛐䇞㭵⮵㕤⫸⤛䘬借屔⎬ᾳ⭞⹕昶㭝悥ᶵ䚉䚠⎴炻憅⮵㛔䞼䨞ℑ⛘ ⭞⹕䘬䇞㭵炻⎗ẍ⽆ṾᾹ㇨䴻㬟䘬䫔ᶨ昶㭝ˣ䫔Ḵ昶㭝ẍ⍲䫔ᶱ昶㭝䘬⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇 ὅ⸷Ἦ 䇞㭵䘬㔁梲ᾉ⾝冯㔁梲㕡⺷㕡朊ᷳ㍊妶ˤ䫔ᶨ昶㭝ˬ㛒㚱⮷⬑䘬⶚⨂⣓⥣昶. 30.

(47) 㭝˭炻怑ㅱ⨂⦣䓇㳣冯⦣奒斄Ὢ炻᷎ᶼ㰢⭂㗗⏎䓇做⫸⤛炻暨䁢㆟⫽ˣ䓇做⫸⤛ ⤥ 幓⽫婧怑炻⛐䑘⠫ˣ⯭ỷˣ䴻㾇ᶲḇἄ夷∫烊䫔Ḵ昶㭝ˬ梲做⸤⃺昶㭝˭炻怑ㅱ㕘⊅ ả䘬䇞㭵奺刚炻㬌⭞⹕昶㭝ㅱ㲐慵㕤⫘⸤⃺䘬幓橼䄏栏炻㺧嵛⫘⃺䘤做ˣねデ⍲⬱ℐ ᷳ㇨暨炻䆇忈怑⎰⫘⃺⯭ỷ䑘⠫炻㬌⢾炻䇞㭵⼿㓡嬲ᷳ⇵䘬䓇㳣ἄ〗ẍ怑ㅱ⫸⤛ㆸ攟暨㯪炻ẍ⍲慵㕘↮惵ⶍἄ冯⭞⹕䘬㗪攻烊䫔ᶱ昶㭝ˬ㚱⬠漉⇵⃺䪍ᷳ昶㭝˭炻䇞㭵⽭枰㺧嵛⸤⃺ね䵺暨㯪炻㍸ὃ⸤⃺怑䔞䘬夷䭬ẍ⍲列⤥佺ㄋ䘬梲ㆸ炻㔁⮶⸤⃺㕘䘬㈨傥炻奒借奺刚慵⛐冯⬠㟉⎰ἄ炻➡梲⬑⫸㬋䡢䘬⬠佺ン⹎炻᷎ᶼ㸾⁁彶㍍䫔Ḵᾳ⫸⤛ ≈ℍ⭞⹕ᷳ怑ㅱˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 䓙㬌⎗䞍炻德忶⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇⍲⎬ᾳ⭞⹕昶㭝䘬䘤⯽借屔炻㚱≑㕤⭞⹕慸㶭㭷ᾳ 昶㭝䘬⭂ỵ⍲ㅱ怑ㅱ䘬ḳね炻䇞㭵ᶵ⁭天㲐シ⇘䚖⇵䓇㳣忙㛇䘬⡻≃炻㚜㗗⎗ẍ㖶䡢䞍忻⮵娚昶㭝⫸⤛䘬㔁梲㕡⺷ˤ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇䎮婾㊯↢䔞⭞⹕朊冐廱㉀溆炻仢᷷⻰⿏ ⍣怑ㅱ忁䧖㓡嬲㗪炻⯙㚫䘤⯽↢⭞⹕≇傥䳸㥳⣙婧䘬⓷柴炻㇨ẍ⭞⹕⽭枰天㚱嵛⣈䘬⻰⿏Ἦ婧怑ᶵ⎴䘬⭞⹕䳸㥳炻㛔䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞⍫冯⭞⹕ℑ⛘⭞⹕炻ℑ⛘⭞⹕⛐朊⮵⎬ᾳ ⭞⹕䓇␥忙㛇昶㭝䘬䘤⯽借屔炻㚜天㗗㚱㇨㓡嬲冯婧怑炻⣓⥣暁㕡ᷳ攻䘬䚠嗽ˣ⼤㬌奒㇂斄Ὢ䘬怑ㅱẍ⍲⮵⸤⃺䘬㔁梲借屔⽭枰㚜≈ẍ夷∫炻ㇵ傥㑩㚱␴媏䘬⭞⹕斄Ὢ炻 ⮵⭞⹕䓊䓇庫檀䘬娵⎴デ冯㬠Ⱄデˤġ. 31.

(48) ಃѤ࿯ġ. ‫ٿ‬Ӧৎ৥!. 䣦㚫䘬嬲怟ᷳᶳ炻⭞⹕䳸㥳ḇ晐ᷳ㓡嬲炻㕘冰姙⣂ᶵ⎴桐尴䘬⭞⹕✳ン炻ℑ⛘⭞ ⹕⯙㗗℞ᶨ炻䚖⇵⚳ℏℑ⛘⭞⹕ᷳ䚠斄䞼䨞䓂⮹炻栆Ụ䘬⭞⹕栆✳⤪ℑⱠ↮„⭞⹕ˣ 忂⊌⭞⹕ˣ`⿏╖奒⭞⹕䚠斄㔯䌣ḇᶵ⣂炻㏄⮳⇘䘬䚠斄䞼䨞ḇ⣂䁢慷⊾䞼䨞炷昛娑 ⮏炻1997烊惕晭⧇炻2001烊挦䬙厵炻2004烊屨⽟䓇炻2004炸炻⁭悐↮䁢岒⿏䞼䨞炷㕡伶䍚炻2005烊㱁⃟Ở炻2006烊⻝㘢㖯炻2008炸炻㛔䭨勚⯙ℑ⛘⭞⹕䘬⼊ㆸ␴ℑ⛘⭞⹕ 䘬シ㵝䫱ℑ悐ấ炻↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳˤ. ġ. ΋ǵġ ‫ٿ‬Ӧৎ৥‫׎ޑ‬ԋ! ġ ġ ġ ġ 䎦Ṳ⎘䀋䣦㚫⛐ⶍ㤕⊾冯灴ⶪ⊾䘬䘤⯽ᶳ炻䴻濚瀈䣦㚫嬲怟␴⭞⹕䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲炻侴䘤⯽↢ˬ暁䓇㵗⭞⹕˭炻ㆸ䁢⎘䀋䣦㚫ᷕ朆ⷠ㘖念䘬⭞⹕䳸㥳ˤˬ暁䓇㵗⭞ ⹕˭㊯䘬⯙㗗⭞⹕ᷕ䘬⣓⥣ℑṢ⛯⽆ḳ㚱啒ᾠ䘬借㤕炻⣓⥣暁㕡悥䓐⽫⛘䴻䆇⼤㬌䘬ⶍἄ䓇㵗炻㚱⇍㕤⁛䴙䘬ᶰ⣓䁢⭞⹕䴻㾇潻㸸䘬㝞㥳炻⎴㗪ḇㇻ䟜瀈ˬ䓟ᷣ⢾ˣ 濏ᷣℏ˭䘬⭞⹕⣓⥣奺刚↮ⶍ䘬⿏⇍⬱㌺㧉⺷炻⽆侴㛅⎹䓟濏ℙ⎴㈧㑼⭞⹕䴻㾇䘬屔ả␴⡻濘炷柷⋫㵹炻2005炸ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 役⸜Ἦ炻晐叿⎘䀋䴻㾇䓊㤕䳸㥳䘬廱✳ẍ⍲⯙㤕✳ン䘬廱嬲炻⭞⹕䳸㥳㖍嵐⣂ ⃫炻⭞Ṣ攻䵕专ねデ䘬㕡⺷ḇ䓊䓇䚠䔞⣏䘬嬲⊾炻℞ᷕ㚱ᶨ䧖⨂⦣冯⭞⹕✳ン䘬㔠慷㊩临⛐ㆸ攟炻⯙㗗ℑ⛘⨂⦣⭞⹕炷two-residence marriage炸ˤṎ⌛惵„䁢Ḯ䓇㵗䘬 ⚈䳈炻侴怠㑯↮昼ℑ⛘䘬⨂⦣✳ンĩŋackson , Brown, & Stewart, 2000ġĪˤ⛐⚳⢾ḇ㚱冯 ℑ⛘⭞⹕䚠栆Ụ䘬⭞⹕✳ン炻⤪忙㛓⨂⦣ˣ攟嶅暊⨂⦣(Kirschner炵Walum,1978; Farris,1978)ˣℑ⛘⼨彼⭞⹕(Johnson,1986)ˣℑ⛘暁䓇㵗⭞⹕ˣ↮„⭞⹕ẍ⍲忂⊌⭞ ⹕炻悥㗗婒㖶⣓⥣↮⯭ℑ⛘炻⌣⍰㭷昼ᶨ㭝㗪攻⚢⭂慵倂䘬⭞⹕㧉⺷炷⺽冒⻝㘢㖯炻 2008炸ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 㟡㒂Ṣ⎋䴙妰㔠㒂炻⛐伶⚳炻崭忶ᶨ䘦叔⮵䘬⣓⥣怠㑯忁䧖↮昼ℑ⛘䘬✳ン炻侴忁ᾳ㔠⫿怬⛐㊩临㒨⋯ᷕ(Magnuson & Norem, 1999)ˤ⛐ℐ䎫⊾䘬㴒㼖⍲ᷕ⚳䴻㾇屧㖻䘬ⳃ崟炻⎘䀋↢䎦ᶨ㈡ˬ`⿏╖奒˭䘬㕘㕷佌炻⊭㊔⎘⓮ˣ↮„⭞⹕ˣ`㖍䇞. 32.