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ᖂհᐙ
٫ች
+ǵ੦⣀
++ǵᖴഓ
***ኴʳ ʳ
ءઔߒؾऱڇ࣍൶ಘඒஃᔆࡉඒᖂ೯ૠኙഏ՛ᖂ࿙ᖂګய հᐙΔઔߒኙွতؑ BJ ഏ՛Կڣ్ਬఄ 21 ۯᖂ࿙Δطۯ۔ஃૠᠲ ڤऱඒᖂ೯ΔڇԼԫၜऱᓰ࿓ᅝխᔚੌඒᖂΖࠀ٦ਜאছ৵ྒྷ։࣫Δࢬ࣠ ױូڕՀΚ 1. ඒஃᔆڶર֨Εფ֨Ε֧ᖄΕႜᦫհ؆Δאࠝ࿙խ֨ૠඒᖂΔኙࠝ࿙ᖂ ګயڶإٻᐙΖ 2. ڍցԾᑣऱඒᖂ೯ૠΔ༼֒ᖂऱᘋᔊࡉګயΖ 3. ྒྷ᧭ࠝዚᣉ֮ᔹᦰՑᎅຝٝΔᙑᎄิীנ᙮ለऱψլࣔڗଃᙑᎄωΕψᙊ ዥଃωΖ ᖕאՂհઔߒ࣠Δ༼נՀ٨༓រ৬ᤜΚ 1. ᏺףᓰழၴΚᜍᓰழၴၴሶΔᏺףՂᓰழᑇΔך։ሎشழၴΔࠌᓰհ փ୲ለݙᖞΖ 2. ګإᓰழၴΚലኔ᧭ઔߒᓰ࿓ᒳإڤᓰ࿓ΔᖂسࢨለૹီΔࠀ౨ኙ۞ݺ ޣΔሒࠩኔ᧭ඒᖂհګயΖ 3. ᏺףઔߒኙွΚאࠡהᗼؑچլٵհ࠹ᇢृઔߒኙွΔڍցࠐᄭհኙွ౨ ࠌڼઔߒޓড়ᨠΔڶޓᇡኔհய࣠Ζ 4. ڜඈᔞᅝऱඒᖂփ୲֗ၞ৫ΚᙇᖗࢽᣉΕᣉᆬ᧢֏ࡉᖂسᑵ൜ඝ৳ऱࠝዚᣉ֮Δ ᨃᖂسሒࠩך։ᒭ phonics ऱؾᑑΔٵழٍႊףൎऱᖂΖ 5. ഛߛᄅ֫۔ஃΚඒᖂृᚨڶயጥ఼ݧΔࠀಾኙࠡᔆࠐઔߒΔᚨᇠᄎኙᄅ֫* ፕխᗼ࣑֮ഏ՛ኔඒஃ ** ፕতᗼխᛜഏ՛ኔඒஃ *** ፕতՕᖂભ֮ᖂߓ೫ඒ
ඒஃڶࣔ᧩ऱඔ࿇Ζ
ඒஃᔆፖඒᖂ೯ૠኙഏ՛
ᖂհᐙ
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Εছߢ
اഏԼڣၲࡨΔኔਜڣԫᓰ࿓Δৰڍഏ՛ॺൄࣹૹભඒᖂΔܽၴᇖ ఄՈࠩࣥمΖ܀ᆖመ༓ڣΔഏ՛ඒᖂߠګயΔՈٵழขس壆ڍംᠲΕ ڕەᇢᏆᖄඒᖂΔᖂس࿓৫լᏘΔఄ్ԳᑇመڍΔՂᓰழᑇլߩΔᓰ࿓Ꮂ൷ ംᠲ(ᢅભᥞΔ2005)Ζڇԫٝᓳഏփഏ՛ඒᖂउऱܫխ(ຫਁ٠Δ 2003ΔAugust, 2ʼΔ८֮߫ඒഗ८ᄎ࿇ګ۔ஃᎁৄၢ၏ᣤૹΖඒஃᔆࡉ ᓰ࿓ૠਢᐙᖂسᖂګயऱૹڂై(ᙒ֮ګΔ1998)Ζഏ՛۔ஃᚨࠠໂ ଡԳᔆࡉᕖԺΔᖂઝव౨Εඒᖂव౨Εඒஃറᄐव౨ΰࣥભੳΔ1999αΔඒ ᖂ೯ૠΔ༄ڶ໌რΔᔞٽᖂس࿓৫Δሒࠩᖂய࣠Δթ౨ᖿ࿇ᖂسᖂऱᘋ ᔊፖ೯ᖲ(ᙒ֮ګΔ1998)Ζ Chastainΰ1988αᎁᓰ࿓೯ڜඈႉݧ֗ඒၞ৫Δਢᐙඒᖂፖᖂऱૹ ڂైΖᖂऱཕԺΕࢤٻΕଡࢤΕ೯ᖲፖኪ৫ΕړΕॾ࢚ΕڣΔຟਢ ᐙᖂګயऱᑨڇڂై(Lightbown & Spada, 2001)Ζ܅ګ༉ृΔᖂრᣋլΕ ॾ֨լߩΕګ༉ტΔᖂؘᄎᤛ(ᇯ塒ᙩΕৌᄦपΔ2004)Ζڂڼءઔߒ៶ ط൶ಘψඒஃᔆࡉᓰ࿓ૠኙᖂسᖂऱᐙωΔሎشլٵᠲऱࠝዚᣉ֮ ༼ᖂسᖂऱᘋᔊΔݦඨބנڶܓڂైΔٵழሒࠩߜړய࣠Δ૾܅ฆΖ ءઔߒ൶ಘਢܡլٵऱඒஃᔆᄎขسլٵऱᖂΛ৻ᑌऱᓰ࿓ૠᔞٽᖂ سΖ၁Ε֮൶ಘ
รԫᆏʳ ඒஃᚨࠠໂऱᔆ
፞؍܌Θؓཤ(Monigue Pithon)མᎅΚψඒஃګඓፖܡऱڂΔլڇהऱߢ ౨ԺΔۖڇהऱԳᔆω(٘ضܓ੍Δ1997)Ζኙ࣍ഏ՛ඒᖂΔլ౨ܡࡳ ඒஃऱߢ౨ԺኙඒᖂᔆᐙΖྥۖᔆࡉᕖԺ౨ᖿ࿇ᖂسᖂᘋᔊፖ೯ ᖲ(ᙒ֮ګΔ1998)Ζუऱഏ՛ඒஃᚨࠠໂᖂઝव౨Εඒᖂव౨Εറᄐ व౨Կଡᐋ૿ΰࣥભੳΔ1999αΖڕ࣠ඒஃࠠໂඒᖂ౨ԺΔඒᖂګயፖᔆߜ ړΔᛧࠝ࿙ფΔᖂ࿙ՈᄎᦟՂᓰΔᄎش༼ം౨റࣹچᖂΰܦ ᑥྱΔ2002αΖڂඒஃਢᖂسᎁٵऱኙွΔᖂመ࿓խ່༄ඒߛᏝଖΕᐙ່ ऱԳढ(ڠᘜΔ1983)Ζ ԫۯუऱࠝ࿙ඒஃᚨࠠໂՀ٨ऱᔆ(ຫ⓬पΔ2003)Κ 1. ᠆༄ऱᖂ塄Ι 2. ࿇ଃΕᓳ֗ኙ֮ऱवᢝΙ 3. ڶݙᖞऱඒᖂॾ࢚Ι 4. ౨໌ທඒհᖂൣቼΙ 5. ቔᚐᖂسאംംᠲΙ 6. Աᇞߢᖂ၆ڇᄮຏΙ 7. ۔ஃ౨Ꮖࠀඔ࿇ᖂسऱᖂ۞ᤚΙ 8. ౨ૠڶრᆠ֗టኔऱᖂ೯Ι 9. ౨ᎁवਢߢΔࠀॺਢᖂઝΖ ؆Δ༼֒۞աऱᘣࡉԺፖඒᖂய࣠Δࠠໂ 1. ൎ௺ऱࠌࡎტࡉᄃᄐ壄壀Ι2. ფ֨Εર֨ΕፖᔞᚨԺ (ᙒ֮ګΔ1998)ΖKratzy ਐנᖂسࢬᦟ۔ஃऱᔆڕՀΚ 1.ࠠڶඒᖂݾ؏Ι2.ၲிΕࡉᘫΕڶર֨Ι3.ᣋრࠀԱᇞᖂسΙ4.ֆإ(֧۞ॎᚊΔ 1987)Ζඒஃய౨ಝᒭᑓڤΚאᖂسխ֨ΔࡉᘫࣷՀᄮຏΔ֘ኙࠌشᓾፆΔ ᠖堚ംᠲऱូ᥆(GordenΔ1974)Ζ
รԲᆏʳ ඒᖂ೯ૠ
ԫΕ೯ૠᄗ࢚
ᖕഏاխ՛ᖂڣԫઝᓰ࿓ጼ౻ூΔᓰ࿓հૠထૹᛜທ۞ ྥፖݶᑗऱൣቼΔאഛ塄ᖂᘋᔊࡉᄮຏ౨ԺΖ៶ထլٵऱֱڤࠐኔᎾᒭߢΔ ۖլਢطඒஃٻऱᥒᙁ֮ऄঞᄗ࢚ΰਜد༡Δ1999Δ֧۞ᄘڤભΔ2001αΖຫᆣໃΰ1999αՈ༼נΔඒᖂൕࣹૹඒ֮ऄΔዝ᧢ګࣹૹඒᄮຏΖૠ೯Δ ᨃࠝ࿙ൕխ࿇១ऱ֮ऄঞǶਜد༡ፖڹ༡ભΰ1999αൎᓳΚ1.ࣹૹრᆠ ᇞΕᝩ܍֮ऄऱᥒᙁΖ2.ሎشլٵ೯ᨃᖂृኔᎾሎشΖ3.ඒᖂመ࿓խᆖൄ ቔᚐࠝ࿙ᒭΔ܀ᝩ܍ழൄिإࠡᙑᎄΖ4.ඒᖂਢאᖂृխ֨Ζ5.ᨃᖂृᐖ ऑ൷ᤛΔ܀լൎᓳהଚԫࡳ壄ᑵ٤ຝऱᖂփ୲Ζႁමΰ1999α৬ᤜᚨᅝ 1.ආشߓอ֏ऱඒᖂੌ࿓Δࣔᒔ༳༽ඒᖂૹរΙ2.ࠉඒᖂऱᏁΔڇࠃছᄷໂ ඒࠠΙ3.ലඒᖂ೯ૠ܂ᛀಘፖەհشΖڇૠඒᖂ೯ழΔ୲࣐ऱ೯ ᚨᇠඈڇܺᣄऱ೯հছΔۖאᖂس౨ജٚᖂঞΰຫᆣໃΔ1999αΔڂ ChastainȐ1988ȑᎁᓰ࿓೯ڜඈऱႉݧ֗ඒऱၞ৫Δਢᐙඒᖂፖᖂ ऱૹڂైΖ؆Δᖂسऱ౨ԺΕኪ৫ΕᖂᛩቼΕඒऱڜඈΕᖂ࿙ऱ։ิ֗ ඒփࠌشऱߢΔຟਢ೯ૠؘႊەᐞऱڂైȐScottȿYtrebergǴ1990ȑǶ
ԲΕړनԾڶᔊऱ೯ૠ
Celce-MurciaȐ1991ȑᎁᚨ༼ࠎᖂسࠌشߢऱᖲᄎΔ।ሒլٵऱᖂᆖ᧭Δ ਚඒஃᚨሎشլٵᖂ೯ΕߢীኪΕشऄΔࠌᖂسڇᦫΕᎅΕᦰΕᐊຟ౨ജ ᑵ൜ٺጟլٵጟᣊऱΖڂࠝ࿙ऱࣹრԺৰΔڇᓰഘՂᚨᇠࠌشլٵऱ ೯Εຒ৫Εิ៣ࡉᜢଃࠐܮ֧ᖂ࿙ऱࣹრȐScottȿYtrebergǴ1990ȑǶPhillipsȐ1993ȑ ৬ᤜආشሏᚭΕዚᝓΕਚࠃΕTPR ೯ࠐআၞՑᄮຏΖᓰഘ೯ᚨᇠਝړन ԾڶᔊΔڂړनऱ೯ֺለ୲࣐ಖΔڂڼᖂದࠐՈֺለڶګ༉ტΰຫᆣໃΔ 1999αǶBrougham, Koester Ϸ Johansenΰ1999αٍ༼נႈঞΔ1.ᑣΙ2.ፖଡ ԳઌᣂΙ3.ᔞᅝΙ4.ڶᔊΖPhillipsȐ1993ȑᎁ່ڶயऱ೯ਢ೯ഀऱሏᚭΕ ഀዚΕࡉ٤ߪ֘ᚨऱ೯Ζڼ؆Δᚨאࠝ࿙խ֨ΔࣹૹᖂᘋᔊΔጐၦ༼ࠎፖ سٽऱڍᑌ֏ඒޗΰᄘڤભΔ2001αΖรԿᆏʳ ࠝዚᣉ֮
ԫΕࠝዚᣉ֮ऱᔆΚ
(ԫ)ࠝዚᣉ֮ਢ່۞ྥऱտΚ Richardsΰ1969αᎁڇᖂڗნΕ࿇ଃΕীאֲ֗ൄኙᇩΔࠝዚਢৰڶشऱՠࠠΰ֧۞
མᡯᐝΕਜࠋܩΔ˄ˌˌ˄
αΖڂڼךየஙۘᜢଃΕᆏ堚ᄑΕ༄ ڶࢽᣉऱࠝዚᣉ່֮ᔞٽشࠐܷആΕഀቈΕᒭᎅᇩΰ്ྉܩΔ1999αΖ࣋ᠾش֨ شԺഀנભݎऱዚڴΕڶᆏऱᣉ֮Δ֨ൣᄎᙟထඝ৳ۖದᆵΔ৳೯ݶऱ༼֒壄 壀ΰޕࣲፚΔ1998; Huang, N.R.Δ1998αΖ (Բ)ᚥܗรԲ؆ऱᖂΚ ᣉ֮ឈڶ܅ದٗΔ܀֮ڗᣉᆬࢬ࿇נऱࡉᘫଃΔࡉ९ആנऱᆏტΔ ፖଃᑗڶฆڴٵՠհݎΰᢅ୮ᦉΔ1998αΖೈڼհ؆Δψ᧢֏ωਢᨃᖂسڇᓰഘՂ অ堚ᙌऱૹڂైΔࠝዚᣉ֮Ո༼ࠎԱԫଡৰړऱڗ֮ऄীඒᖂऱֱऄ ΰHuang, N.R.Δ1998αΖMurphy (1990)ઔߒ᧩قΔࠝ࿙࿇୶ࠝዚᣉ֮ऱ౨Ժ٣࣍ ߢΖڇࠝዚխΔץܶڍֲൄسൄشऱڗნΔڶᔊऱԳढΔ۟១ऱ ਚࠃࡉڶრᆠऱൣቼΔ݁ڶܗ࣍ࠝ࿙ኙ؆ऱᖂΔۖࠝዚऱࢽᣉΔᆏຒ৫ ऱݶኬ֗ૹᓤऱΔኙᖂ EFL ऱࠝ࿙Δਢԫଡ༅ඒ࣍ᑗऱᖂΰ֧۞۫ੳΔ 2002αΖࠝዚऱԫଡᏝଖڇ࣍Κ،౨ګඒଃΕ᎘ૹଃ֗ᣉᆬऱඒࠠȐGasser & WaldmanǴ1979Ǵ֧۞མᡯᐝΕਜࠋܩΔ1991
ȑǶຘመࠝዚᣉ֮Δᖂ࿙ױאא Լ։ڶᔊΕ᎘ᠾऱֱڤࠐᖂ࿇ଃΔٵழՈױאᨃᖂ࿙៶طࠝዚᣉ֮ᎅנዦॽऱ ΖԲΕڕ۶ᙇᖗᔞࡵऱࠝዚᣉ֮ᚥܗᖂسᖂΚ
אՀ༼נڇᙇᖗࠝዚᣉ֮ழࣹრऱរΚ 1.ᙇᖗፖسઌᣂऱᠲΙ2.אႚ อࠝዚᣉ֮ᚌ٣ەၦΙ3.ᦰದࠐᆏ堚ᄑΙ4.ڶ១ऱਚࠃփ୲ڇࠡխΙ5.ᨃ ᖂس౨߂ಖࢬᖂऱڗࢨী (ਜᙘႆΔ http://cet.cavesbooks.com.tw/htm/m0621000.htm)ΖԿΕࠝዚፖᣉ֮࣍ኔᎾඒᖂऱ৬ᤜΚ
ڍցཕᐝ֮࿙ᝓඒᖂֱூՕ༏ࠨᖿ༼ࣙᖂسኙ֮ᖂऱᘋᔊΰ۫ ੳΔ2002αΖڼ؆ΔᆏڗნΔ౨ڶயᚥܗᖂسᖂᄎᇩ֗ࠡઌᣂڗნΰຫ֮ ࡉΔ2004αΖᇯ塒ᙩΕۂᐝ (2003)࿇ഏ՛్ٚ۔ஃאዚᝓᣉ֮ലᘜԵٺ ઝඒᖂ৵Δᖂسڗئᦰ౨Ժ֗ᖂኪ৫ཏሙ༼֒Ζ ᢅભᥞΰ2002αਐנΔ۔ஃڇൕࠃࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂழΔڍתႛࣹૹψᦫωࡉψᎅω ຍࠟႈݾ౨ۖբΖᚨಾኙլٵऱᖂس࿓৫ჸլٵऱඒᖂฃ֗ૹរΖኙ࣍࿓৫ ለړऱٵᖂΔױףൎࠡψᦰωፖψᐊωऱ౨ԺΖඒஃױᔞ৫ࠌشඒࠠࠐܮ֧ᖂسऱࣹრԺΖՂᓰࢬشऱࠝዚᣉ֮ඒޗᚨܑᗴᙇመΔ܀Ոլመ৫ࠌشΔא܍ࢳ ᅉࠡᖂᘋᔊΖ۫ੳΰ2002α৬ᤜඒߛԳ֗ඒஃᚨאڍցཕᐝ֮࿙ᝓ೯Δ ᨃᖂ࿙ᆖط൶֗ࡉٵᕦΕᛩቼյ೯ࠐᖂ֮Ζ!!
รᆏʳ ڗئᦰ
Phonics ਐऱਢඒॣ్ڗࡉ࿇ଃᣂএऱᓰ࿓ΖᏕΕཱུစΕ୪ිହᒳ (2003)ਐנ phonics ڶլٵऱټΔࠏڕΚψڗᦰଃωψ۞ྥ࿇ଃωψऴᤚ࿇ଃω ֗ψڗئᦰऄωΖຘመψڗωψଃωᣂএ༼ࠎᖂسֱऄװᦰנࢨנঞڗΔ լᏁଗشଃᑑߓอΖާߐୠΰ˄ˌˌˆαᎁȨPhonicsȩਢאᜢଃഗ៕ऱ࿇ଃඒᖂ ऄΔԫֱ૿ᚥܗᖂسહڗΔԫֱ૿ױאഛ塄ᦰᄅڗऱ౨ԺΖHu,J.F.(2002) ।قଃᣉᤚᢝ౨Ժڇᖂ؆ॣཚৰૹΔڔᎁױאࠌشࠝዚᣉ֮ಝᒭଃᣉᤚᢝ ౨ԺΔۖყڰಝᒭყړΖڇඒڗئᦰऄאছΔᖂسᏁ܂ڗᒭΔאԱᇞڗ ئፖᜢଃհၴऱᣂএ(Lin, C.C., 1999)Ζ๕ܩ֮ΰ˄ˌˌˇαٍᎁΔˣ˻̂́˼˶̆ ऱᚌរڇ ࣍ڗئፖ࿇ଃऱᣂএയ֊Δ౨ಝᒭᖂسڗᦰଃࢨᦫଃڗऱ౨ԺΖˣ˻̂́˼˶̆ ऱඒ ᖂ࿓ݧץਔޡᨏΚ˄ˁʳ ቃඒፖܧΙ˅ˁʳ ᒭፖिإΙˆˁʳ ᦫፖᎅऱ٦ܧΙˇˁʳ ൎ ֏ፖ១࣐ေၦ(ᏕΕཱུစΕ୪ිହᒳΔ2003)Ƕ! ᑥ॑(2001)ൕߢᖂءᔆ൶ಘኙ؆ᖂ౨ԺऱฆΔᎁଃᣉᤚᢝ౨ ᚥܗڶߢᖂܺᣄऱޏᖂܺᣄΔՈ౨ᏺൎԫ࿙ऱߢᖂ౨ԺΖ Hu(2004)ྒྷ᧭ࠟิଃᣉᤚᢝ౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ᐊڗΖଃᣉᤚᢝ౨Ժለᖂ࿙᧩ထ܅ ࣍ଃᣉᤚᢝ౨ԺለࠋृΔ(ឈྥᖂسڶ 11 ڻᖂݮଃኙᚨঞऱᖲᄎ)ΖHu ৬ᤜ ᚨץܶଃᣉᤚᢝಝᒭթ౨ᏺൎᖂ࿙ଃᣉ౨ԺΔ۔ஃױאലࠝ࿙ࣹრԺ֧ᖄࠩ ڗଃֱ૿Δऴ൷ਐנٵᣉଃڗࢨٵᜢᙰଃڗհၴऱઌۿࢤΔࢨृቔᚐ࿙໌ທ១ ऱࢽᣉᇣΖHuang (2002)࿇ഏԫس൷࠹ phonics ඒᖂ֗Ԯڻྒྷ᧭Δኔ᧭ิ(ඒ phonics)ֺ൳ࠫิ(kk ଃᑑ)ࠩإ૿࣠Ζᇸᐝ֮Ε്ᦸڕ
(2004)ܓشٵᕦ՛۔
ஃऱֱڤΔඒᖄ
ᖂ࿙ԫࡌࠟڻٵᕦଡܑඒᖂ೯Δڕ࿇ଃፖڗΔຒ৫ሏ
ᚭΖࠩࠟរᓵΔኔ᧭ิڇڗئ࿇ଃΕଃై։ᇞΕᎁᦰڗნֱ૿֗ᓰᄐ
ፖኪ৫ፖ൳ࠫิڶܑΔ܀ڇଃైٽګΕڗֱ૿Εᖂ೯ᖲΔᓰ৵ᓤ
೯ᖲڶܑΖ৬ᤜ
۔ஃױආ࠷ኙֺ։࣫ࢨᙑᎄ։࣫ࠐඒଃᣉၴऱᙑ ᎄΖ ಝᒭଃᣉᤚᢝऱֱऄٍץਔאՀ༓រ(Spector, 1998, pp.392-3)Κ1. ࿙༉ᖂছΔܛᏆהଚൕࠃࣹრڗխऱᜢଃऱ೯Ζ 2. ඒᖄᖂس։ᇞଃ֗ٽګଃΖ 3. ։ᇞଃ֗ٽګଃऱٽಝᒭፖඒᖄڗئᜢଃհၴऱᣂএΖ
4. ඒᖄ։ᇞଃ֗ٽګଃյᇖऱመ࿓Ζ
5. ߓอچᜰࠏඒᖄ։ᇞଃ֗ٽګଃΖ
6. ඒᖄ᠏ฝݾ؏֗ױאᚨشࠩլٵՠ܂֗ൣउऱवᢝΖ 7. ඒᖄଃᣉᤚᢝಝᒭհطΚ ΰ1α༼ࠎᖂسᖂլٵᜢଃዌऱڗऱवᢝΖ ΰ2αࠌشլٵऱൣݮᒭ։ᇞଃ֗ٽګଃΖ ΰ3αലଃᣉᤚᢝ೯ፖᔹᦰᐊ܂܂ࣔ᧩ऱٽΖรնᆏʳ ᠲڤඒᖂ
ᠲਢਐૹଖ൶ߒऱࠃढΔᠲਢԫଡխ֨ᄗ࢚א֗ඒᖂፖᖂऱิ ៣ਮዌΰຫᆣ᠂Δ2003αΖᠲڤඒᖂऱֱऄਢ༼נԫଡᠲΔڶՕֱٻΔ܀ ڶࡐࡳऱඒޗΖڇ۔ஃऱ֧ᖄՀΔאᠲխ֨Δٻ؆࣋୴णऱឩ୶Δᨃ՛ࣛ ֖ܮگፖڼᠲઌᣂऱवᢝΖ༉ඒᖂࠐᎅΔඒஃ౨ലਚࠃᅝ܂ᠲඒᖂऱ ᠲΔٵழױאሀ။Ꮖᖂլٵᖂઝ (ܦ✛䑍Δ2002)Ζᠲڤඒᖂຏൄආ࠷՛ิ ඒᖂΔૹီٽ܂ᖂΔฆᔆࢤऱګΔቸၷٽ܂ਢآࠐषᄎऱੌრᢝΔՈለৈ ٽԳᣊڍցཕ౨ऱءᔆ(ፇដΔ1998)Ζኔਜᠲڤඒᖂመ࿓խΔᛜທ۞ྥൣቼ ࠌᖂس۞ྥᎅ֮Δڇس೯ΕڶᔊΕྤᚘԺऱൣቼ܉ᆜՀΔ۞ྥߢवᢝΔ ༛ݧዬၞሒࠩᦫΕᎅΕᦰΕᐊऱᖂֱڤΰၙొొΔ2002αΖڂڼء֮ආ࠷ ᠲڤඒᖂڶܗ֮࣍ඒᖂऱਜ۩֗ᏺၞᖂृऱᖂΖรքᆏʳ ᇖඑඒᖂ
ࢬᘯᇖඑඒᖂܛ៶طٺጟඒᖂฃΔނޢԫۯ܅ګ༉ᖂسՂࠐΰ്ᄅոΔ 2001αΖඒߛຝංנψᇖඑඒᖂωॣཚΔᖂسףऱრᣋլΔګயՈڶૻΔڂ Κ1.ψඒஃωނψඒޗωאψඒऄωૹᓤऱඒΙ2.ඒஃऱ౨ԺፖழၴڶૻΙ 3.ᖂسᑑ᧘֏Δᖂ೯ᖲ྇܅Ι 4.ᖂس࿓৫լᏘΔլ࣐ᅃଡܑฆΙ5.୮அլࠋृΔᖂ֭གߓอΙ6.ൎᓳᖲඳڤऱഗءݾ౨Δڶᓿղኔᔆऱփ ୲Ι7.྇ᒷᖂຒ৫Δྤऄڶயࢮၞࡉᚌߐᖂسၴऱ၏Ι8.ᓰ࿓ૠྤऄࠌᖂ سڇੌඒᖂխᛧ墿ΰܦࡲႂΔ2003Ι്ᄅոΔ2001Ι႓ֵᥞΔ2000αΖഗ࣍ڼΔ ༼ࣙᇖඑඒᖂऱֱऄڶΚ1.ሎشᖂسऱൎႨཕᐝΔૹਕ۞ॾ֨ࡉګ༉ტΙ2.شष ᄎԳԺᇷᄭΙ3.ቔᚐᖂس೯ፖࠀᥛᖂΙ4.༼ࠎڍᑌ֏ऱᖂᖲᄎΙ5.୮९ ፖࠀٽᖂீΰܦࡲႂΔ2003Ι႓ֵᥞΔ2000αΖ ᇖඑඒᖂऱᖵ࿓ױ։Κ1.᠏տመ࿓Ι2.إڤေၦΙ3.ඒᖂΚ壄֨ૠᓰ࿓փ୲ ፖშᙇඒᖂীኪፖฃΔאৈٽᖂسଡܑᏁޣΰ്ᄅոΔ2001αΖۖᇖඑඒᖂऱඒ ᖂฃץܶΚ1.ऴ൷ඒᖂऄΙ2.壄ᑵඒᖂΙ3.ଡܑ֏ඒᖂ֗ 4.ٽ܂ڤᖂΰ്ᄅոΔ 2001αΖ ᇖඑඒᖂऱඒᖂੌ࿓ڶאՀ༓ଡޡᨏΚ1.ᓤբᖂመऱઌᣂীࢨڗΙ2. ༼قءցऱૹរΙ3.ၞ۩ኔ᧭ඒᖂΙ4.։ิᒭΙ5.ᒭ܂ᄐΙ6.ᤁፖေၦ ΰ५ՂటΕ്ᄅոΕޕైᐝΔ2000αΖڂڼΔᇖඑඒᖂګயૠڶΚ1.ᏺף֘હ ᐊऱ౨ԺΙ2.ڗნګᜎΕᐊ֗Ցᄎᇩࣔ᧩ၞޡΙ3.ᏺףଃ֗ᔹᦰऱॾ ֨Ι4.༼ࣙ౨Ժհ۞ݺᄗ࢚ΰ്ᄅոΔ2001αΖ ൕאՂඒஃᔆΕඒᖂ೯ૠ֮ᅝխΔݺଚױא࿇ߜړऱඒஃᔆ ࡉڍցᑣऱඒᖂ೯ૠኙᖂسᖂڶإ૿ᐙΔࠝዚᣉ֮ऱඒഀޓਢ֧ ࿇ᖂسᖂᘋᔊΕףൎ࿇ଃΕՑᎅ౨ԺऱړֱऄΖڂڼΔءઔߒᚵڇإᓰ ഘհ؆Δၞ۩Լԫၜᠲڤᓰ࿓ऱᇖඑඒᖂΖ
ʳ
Εઔߒֱऄ
ԫΕઔߒኙွ
ඒߛຝࡳ٤ഏൕ 94 ᖂڣ৫ၲࡨኔਜഏ՛Կڣ్ඒᖂΔءထᅃஇႨࠝ ࿙ᖂհრΔਚᙇᖗতؑԫࢬඒߛᚌ٣հ BJ ഏ՛Կڣ్ਬఄᖂسΔߊس ԳΕՖسԼԲԳءઔߒխऱ࠹ᇢृΖृሎشψ۞ᒳᖂسહནം࠴ωΔࠐ։࣫ᖂ سऱᖂહནΖطၦ।᧩قΔᖂسڶնԳऱ׀ئॺൄૹီΔڶԮԳऱ׀ئڶ រૹီΔԼնԳڇܑᖂመΔڶքۯᖂመΖڶԼଡᖂڇתڣאփΔ ڶԮԳլवሐ۞աᖂԱڍՆΖۖڇᇖऱګயֱ૿ΔڶԮԳᤚڶរشΔᎁৰڶشڶشऱٺԳΖԫתאՂऱᖂسᝫਢტᤚᖂৰܺᣄΖᦟᖂऱ ڶԶԳΔطڼױवΔڶԫתאՂऱᖂسᎁৰૹՈৰᦟᖂΖڶሒ Լଡᖂسᎁᏺף۞աᦫԺΔՈڶৰֺࠏუᏺၞ۞աᎅऱ౨ԺΖ
ԫֱ૿ΔඒᖂृڶۯΔઃਢՕᖂڣ్ऱᖂسΔሎشᙇଥ֮ร
Բറ९ψඒߛኔωຍഘᓰऱழၴΔၞ۩ཚԼԿၜኔ᧭ઔߒඒᖂΔ
ٽٚඒᖂீఄ్ᑇڶૻհൣݮΰ٤ீ٥ԼԲఄα
Δءഘᓰආ࠷։ิඒᖂऱ
ֱڤΰԳԫิα
ΔڇຍհছଡԳຟڶኔᎾඒᖂᆖ᧭Ζ܀ຟଥመඒ
ᖂઌᣂऱᓰ࿓Ζʳ
ԲΕઔߒՠࠠ
(ԫ)Εছྒྷຝ։ 1. ᣉ֮ᔹᦰΕՑᎅ౨Ժྒྷ᧭Κ ەၦࠩழၴࡉᖂسऱ࿓৫Δᝫڶᣉ֮ऱݙᖞࢤΔඒᖂृᙇᖗࠟଈᣉ֮։ܑਢ I can drawǵԲ Teddy BearΔᓮᖂس࢚נຍࠟଈᣉ֮Ζ2. ኪ৫ၦ। ඒᖂृ༉֮ࠝዚࡉᣉ֮ٺ٨נଡംᠲΔࠐᇬംᖂسլᦟࠝዚᣉ֮Δ א֗ኙࠝዚᣉ֮ऱᎁवΔ٨ᜰڕՀΚ1.ڇؓൄֲൄسխΔ܃ΰαڶᦫመ֮ ࠝዚႯΛ2.ڇؓൄֲൄسխΔ܃ΰαڶᦫመ֮ᣉ֮ႯΛ (Բ)Ε৵ྒྷຝ։Κ 1. ګ༉৵ྒྷၦ।ΰߠॵᙕԫαΚ ։ګࠟຝ։Κรԫຝ։ᦫଃᙃᆠΔ٥ԼԲᠲΖรԲຝ։ቹᎁڗΔ٥Լ ԫᠲΖ 2. ᣉ֮ᔹᦰΕࠝዚՑᎅ౨Ժྒྷ᧭ΰߠॵᙕԲαΚ
ೈԱ I can drawΕTeddy BearΔڍᏺףԿଈऱ֮ࠝዚΔ܀৵ྒྷࠀآףאܔ྇Δ ٥նᠲΖ
3.ኪ৫ၦ।Κ
รԫຝ։ΚኙዚഀᖂհᘋᔊΔࠝዚΕᣉ֮ٺնᠲΖรԲຝ։Κࠝዚᣉ ֮ᖂய࣠٥ԮᠲΖรԿຝ։Κࠝዚᣉ֮ऱᓰ࿓ૠ٥ᠲΖรຝ։Κඒᖂᇷ ᄭ٥ࠟᠲΖאՂຝٝΔᖂسױאᙇᖗאψٵრωΕψᝫړωΕψլٵრωࠐڃΖ
ԿΕઔߒ࿓ݧ
(ԫ)ૠኔ᧭ᓰ࿓ אࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂ೯Δ᎖אਚࠃඒᖂΕTPR ඒᖂΕᆏֲඒᖂΖ٦ףՂ ԫࠄᎁڗሏᚭΔڕؚڗΕᦫዚڴΕႚΖ (Բ)۩ਙᜤᢀፖ࠷ᑌ ृ࣍اഏԼڣԼִፖতؑ BJ ഏا՛ᖂீ९Εඒ೭ٚ࠷ᜤᢀΔ ࠀٵრڼኔ᧭ᓰ࿓Ζ (Կ)ᒳ፹ྒྷ᧭ՠࠠ ृא۞ᒳհګ༉ྒྷ᧭ၦ।ፖኪ৫ၦ।܂ྒྷ᧭ՠࠠΖ ()ኔਜছྒྷ اഏԼڣԼִԲֲၞ۩ছྒྷΖܓشᇠఄऱඣၴ೯ழၴၞ۩ቸྒྷΔ֑ٖ ழၴၞ۩ଡྒྷΖ (ն)ၞ۩ኔ᧭ඒᖂ ܓشᇠఄඣၴழၴၞ۩٥Լԫࡌऱᓰ࿓ૠΖۯඒᖂृऱᓰ࿓ழၴڜඈ AΕCΕD ٺຂԿᆏᓰΔB ۔ஃຂࠟᆏᓰΖۖழၴ֗ᠲऱڜඈΔאࢼ᧘ऱ ࣠ඈႉݧΖՂᓰՕຝ։ઃאψਚࠃω֧ದ೯ᖲΔאψ֮ࠝዚωࢨψᣉ֮ω܂ ᠲڤऱ೯ૠΔൕխඒᖄڗࡉীΔࠀ៶ထჸሏᚭᓤΖၞ۩ Phonics ඒᖂ৵Δ٦᎖א Phonics ሏᚭΔ່৵אψᖂω܂᜔ΖΕᇷற։࣫ʳ ʳ ʳ
ظΕඒᖂګ༉ྒྷ᧭։࣫Κ
(ԫ)ആഀᣉ֮ࠝዚੌዃࢤ࣠ ಾኙޢԫଈᣉ֮ࠝዚऱփ୲ᑇΔ։נ܅ګ༉(ݙ٤լ౨ആנԫଈᣉ֮Ζ)Ε խ܅ګ༉(۟֟౨ឰឰᥛᥛആנᣉ֮խԫଡΔڍᙑᎄΖ)Εխګ༉(۟֟౨ឰឰ ᥛᥛആנᣉ֮խԲଡΔڶᙑᎄΖ)Εխ (౨ੌዃچആנᣉ֮խԿଡΔ֟ ᙑᎄΖ)Εګ༉(౨ੌዃچആנᣉ֮խଡΔإᒔྤᎄΖ) նଡ్Δᖂسૉ ౨ആഀנਬ్ࡳऱޣΔܛូ᥆ᇠګ༉్Ζ (Բ)Ցᎅྒྷ᧭࿇ଃᙑᎄิীطছ৵ྒྷആഀᣉ֮ΕࠝዚΔ࿇ᖂس࿇ଃᙑᎄิীڶքႈΚ
ئ ଃ ʻmouth muth) Ε ଃ ʻfly fry) Ε ᙊ ዥ ଃ ʻears earʼ Ε ༺ Ե ଃ ʻfive friveʼΕૹଃᙑᎄʻufeezʼΕլࣔڗᙑᎄʻcook draw)Ζ
(Կ)ᦫԺΕᎁڗྒྷ᧭։࣫ ڼຝ։٥ץܶΚ 1. ᦫԺྒྷ᧭Κ۔ஃആᓰഘխՂመऱ֮Δᖂسᙇנઌኙᚨऱխ֮Ζ ٥ԼԲᠲΔृאψኙωΕψᙑωΕψڃωऱԳᑇ֗ۍ։ֺ܂։࣫Ζ 2. ᎁڗྒྷ᧭ΚृאψኙωΕψᙑωΕψڃωऱԳᑇ֗ۍ։ֺ܂։࣫Ζ!
ԬΕඒᖂհኪ৫։࣫
ʻԫʼʳ ছྒྷኪ৫ၦ।Κၞ۩ඒᖂઔߒছΔኔਜᖂسኙ֮ࠝዚΕᣉ֮ऱᎁव֗ኪ ৫ྒྷ᧭Ζ֮ࠝዚ֗ᣉ֮ᠲΔאψإ૿ωʻڶΔᦟΔݦඨʼΕψ૿ωʻ ڶΔլᦟΔլݦඨʼΔψڶڃωऱᖂسԳᑇࢬ۾ऱֺࠏࠐ։࣫Ζʳ ʻԲʼʳ ৵ྒྷኪ৫ၦ।Ζรԫຝ։ΚኙዚഀᖂհᘋᔊΔ֮ࠝዚࡉᣉ֮ٺն ᠲΔรԲຝ։Κᖂய࣠٥ԮᠲΔรԿຝ։Κᓰ࿓ૠ٥ࠟᠲΔรຝٝΚ ඒᖂᇷᄭ٥ࠟᠲΔृઃאψٵრωΕψᝫړωΕψլٵრωΕψᐊωᖂسڃ Գᑇࢬ۾ऱֺࠏ܂։࣫ΖʳᆥΕ࣠ፖಘᓵ
รԫᆏʳ ᣉ֮ΕࠝዚՑᎅྒྷ᧭։࣫
ԫΕആഀᣉ֮ࠝዚੌዃࢤհ࣠
। 1ʳ ആഀᣉ֮ࠝዚ I can draw ੌዃ। ګ༉ խ խګ༉ խ܅ ܅ګ༉ ေၦᑑᄷ ౨ੌዃچആנ ᣉ֮խଡ Δ إ ᒔ ྤ ᎄΖ ౨ੌዃچആנ ᣉ֮խԿଡ Δ֟ᙑᎄΖ ۟֟౨ឰឰᥛ ᥛആנᣉ֮խ ԲଡΔڶ ᙑᎄΖ ۟֟౨ឰឰᥛ ᥛആנᣉ֮խ ԫଡΔڍ ᙑᎄΖ ݙ٤լ౨ആנ ԫଈᣉ֮Ζ ছྒྷ 4 Գ 1 Գ 1 Գ 3 Գ 12 Գ ৵ྒྷ 6 Գ 0 Գ 4 Գ 3 Գ 8 Գط।ԫࠐΔ৵ྒྷ࣠ऱ܅ګ༉ࡉխګ༉ᖂسֺছྒྷ࣠֟Δۖխ܅ګ༉ Գᑇছ৵ྒྷ࣠ፂԫᑌΔ܀խګ༉ࡉګ༉ᖂسԳᑇঞຟ༼֒ΖࢬאՕࣂࠐᎅΔ ᖂسڇڼຝ։ऱᖂਢڶၞޡऱΖ । 2ʳ ആഀᣉ֮ࠝዚ Teddy Bear ੌዃ। ုΚᑑᄷٵ।ԫ
ʳ
ط।ԲࠐΔ৵ྒྷ࣠ऱ܅ګ༉ᖂسֺছྒྷ࣠֟Δۖګ༉ᖂسԳᑇছ৵ ྒྷ࣠ፂԫᑌΔ܀խ܅ΕխΕխګ༉ᖂسԳᑇঞຟ༼֒Ζ । 3ʳ Ցྒྷհ BodyΕNumbersΕFamily ࠝዚੌዃࢤֺለ! ုΚᑑᄷٵ।ԫ ط।ԿࠐΔ܅Εխ܅ګ༉ᖂسԳᑇฆլՕΔۖխګ༉אՂΔᠲ body ऱࠝዚྒྷᇢ࣠ܧԳᑇՀ૾Δ܀ᠲ family ऱࠝዚྒྷᇢ࣠ܧԳᑇՂ֒Δ ᠲ numbers ऱࠝዚ։ؒঞለؓ݁Ζ طࠝዚփ୲ࠐΔ൶ߒױ౨ڂ࠹ᠲ numbers ऱࠝዚᐙΔڂᇠଈࠝ ዚֺለൄߠΔඝ৳ᖂسࢬᑵ൜ΔઌኙՈᚥܗፖዚဲऱຑٱွΔᖂسױ౨ኙ ԫࠩԼऱ֮ڗբڶઌᅝऱᎁवΔࢬאڶ༓ۯᖂسྒྷᇢנࠐऱګ༉ຟֺࠡהࠟ ଈࠝዚΖۖᠲ body ऱࠝዚڂڗፖڗհၴऱຑଃڍΔڕ eyes and ears and mouth and noseΔࠡխޢଡڗऱݠଃຟፖ and ຑଃΔֺለլړഀנࠐΔ୲࣐ေၦᑑᄷ ګ༉ խ խګ༉ խ܅ ܅ګ༉ ছྒྷ 1 Գ 0 Գ 0 Գ 1 Գ 19 Գ ৵ྒྷ 1 Գ 2 Գ 2 Գ 5 Գ 11 Գ ေၦᑑᄷ ګ༉ խ խګ༉ խ܅ ܅ګ༉ Body 1 Գ 3 Գ 4 Գ 3 Գ 10 Գ Numbers 3 Գ 4 Գ 3 Գ 2 Գ 9 Գ Family 4 Գ 2 Գ 1 Գ 3 Գ 11 Գ
ᙊዥݠଃΔࢬאֺለ֟ᖂس౨ജݙᖞഀנࠐΖ܀ᠲ family ऱࠝዚঞܧࠟᄕ֏ ऱွΔංྒྷױ౨ڂᇠڴᓳ۔ஃ۞ᒳΔᖂسᖐ९ഀᑵ൜ऱڴᓳ٦۞ᒳዚဲ ԵΔឈྥዚဲૹᓤࢤΔۖڗՈ༓ᖂسࢬᑵवΔڕ fatherǵmother!Δ ܀ڴᓳለլᖂسࢬᑵ൜Δࢬאխګ༉אՀᖂسլ୲࣐៶ထڴᓳഀנΔ܀ڂዚ ဲփ୲ለᑵ൜Δࢬאլ֟ᖂسՈ౨ݙᖞആנΕࢨഀנᇠዚဲΖ
ԲΕՑᎅྒྷ᧭࿇ଃᙑᎄิী
। 4ʳ Ցᎅྒྷ᧭࿇ଃᙑᎄิী। ࠏڗ ᑇؾئଃ mouth muth, can cai, teddy toddy, wall well cook ࠡխ oo ആଃ
5
ଃ fly fry, shut sut, three sree 3 ᙊዥଃ ears ear, nose no, nose no, four fa, fly fy, can’t can,
ground round, Indian ndian, door doo, four fou, ears ear, draw daw, mouth mou, Indians Indian
14
༺Եଃ five frive, eight leight, can’t cants, can’t am cant, big bigger
5
ૹଃᙑᎄ Ufeez! 1
լࣔڗᙑᎄ cook draw, draw free, cook cry, ears yos, cook cant, cook cat, cook cin
7 ྒྷᇢ࣠ױ࿇Δᙊዥଃᙑᎄ່ڍऱิীΔڂٽᣉ֮Εዚڴऱᆏࡉڴ ᓳΔڶࠄݠଃլ୲࣐࿇נΔࢬא୲࣐ᙊዥΔڕݠଃϔsϕΖ؆լࣔڗᙑᎄڻհΔ ױ౨ڂৰڍڗ࠹ྒྷृࠀլᑵ൜Δ܀ڂەᇢڂైΔ࠹ྒྷृࠩڗଈ༉אࢬᎁ वऱઌٵڗଈڗזཙΔڕ cook cryΖ؆Δଃڍֺለլ୲࣐࿇נऱ ଃΔڕȴshȵȴlȵȴthȵΔۖئଃຝ։ױ౨া࣍ਜྒྷփ୲Δլ࣐נঞࢤΖ ܀ଖԫ༼ऱਢΔኔਜছྒྷழΔԲԼԫۯ࠹ྒྷृᅝխڶԼԿۯྤऄᦰٚ۶ڗΔ ࢬאছྒྷ࣠ऱᙑᎄิীႛطࠡהԶۯ࠹ྒྷृྒྷᇢ࣠խᨠኘवΖ܀৵ྒྷ࣠ ႛໍԮۯࡸྤऄᦰٚ۶ڗΖ
ԿΕᦫԺΕᎁڗྒྷ᧭։࣫
˔ ۔ஃΚຂԿଡᠲΰVerbΕAnimalΕAdjectiveα! אψ೯ဲωᠲऱীኙۍ։ 66.6Δط࣍ຍԫڇছ৵ྒྷຟڶנΔ ٦ףՂী១֗ TPR ඒᖂΖᦟءᠲऱ՛֖ࣛ۾Ա 47.6ʸΔۖլᦟऱՈ۾ Ա 47.6%Ζ᧩قנଶၲࡨऱรԫഘᓰឈྥ֘ᚨᑷΔ܀ਢ՛֖ࣛࡸآᔞᚨ۔ஃऱ ඒऄΖ אψ೯ढωᠲऱኙڶۍ։հ 66.6Ζڂᇠዚڴॺൄ९Δឈ࣐ிிՂ ՑΔዚဲথৰᣄಖΖ՛֖ࣛؓൄൄ൷ᤛຍᣊ೯ढऱڗΔඒᖂृሎشൣቼඒᖂΔ ٦ףՂቹׂࠠ᧯Δ୲࣐ࡉڗ܂ຑΖ՛֖ࣛ౨ജڶயچಖڗΖ֮ڗኙ ሒۍ։հ 76.2Δڂඒᖂृழၴ༳༽լړΔڶழၴᨃ՛֖ࣛჄᖂΔא۟ ࣍ྤऄवሐᦟऱ࿓৫ڕ۶Ζ אψݮ୲ဲωᠲऱᓰ࿓ඒᖂऱኙֺለ܅Δڶۍ։ 38.1Ζᣉ֮ڶ ඝ৳ΔൎᓳऱਢࣁΕᆏΔ՛֖ࣛڇᓰഘՂΔ࢚ݙհ৵Δױ౨ڇՂᓰऱழଢᤚ ৰړनΕৰڶᔊΔՈᖂᄎԱΔ܀ਢԫՀᓰط࣍ᣉ֮լቝ֮ࠝዚױאᙟՑୁୁΖ ࢬא՛֖ࣛࠀլᄎ೯ᓤΔኙٍլΖ A ඒஃᔆࡉඒᖂ೯ૠΚ A ۔ஃءߪଡࢤܛॺൄᑣΔ୲࣐೯ࣷΔױ౨֜መᑷൣΔڶழଢൣፃ֜ ᑪΔڶႃխᖂسऱࣹრԺΔીࠌྤऄၞԵᓰ࿓Ζ٦ףՂ՛֖ࣛᝫೖఎڇࠠ᧯ ኔढऱᖂՂΔࢬאᚨشࠠ᧯ऱቹΔ೯܂ᚥܗ՛֖ࣛᖂΖ ڇᓰ࿓ૠֱ૿Δ༉ A ۔ஃࠐᎅΔהऱ֧ದ೯ᖲሎش՛ਚࠃΔዚڴȨOld MacDonald Had a farmȩჸٺጟ೯ढऱᜢଃΖඒȨadjectiveȩਔǴA ۔ஃሎشԱ ՛ᕯऱຏԳढΔאݾڜΕՕႂΕॳ壂Ε՛ᕯΔס᧩ࠡᅶᒇऱរΖۖ ࿇୶೯ץܶڗΕীΕᒭΖא۞ྥ࿇ଃऄΔሎشቹऱኙΖ ˕ ۔ஃΚຂԲଡᠲΰVerbΕTransportationα! אψTeddy bearωᠲऱ೯ဲඒᖂΖຍࠟᠲऱኙՈຟ౨ሒࠩۍ։ 57.1 ࡉ 76.1Δڂᖞଈᣉ֮ૹᓤઌᅝΔش TPR ඒᖂΔᨃ՛֖ࣛլឰףಖᖋΖሎ ش೯܂ਢଡৰړऱֱऄΖլመط࣍ਢଶၲࡨऱছࠟഘΔࢬאࠀآᇬംਢܡᦟء ഘᓰΖ אψٌຏՠࠠωᠲऱᓰ࿓ૠΔኙڶۍ։հ 52.4Δਢٽٌຏՠࠠ ऱᜢଃΖ֮।ሒΔֺለܺᣄΔڂࡉؓൄऱشլٵΔۖᖞଈዚԾඒ ֮ڗࡉᜢଃΔࢬאֺለᣄΖᦟψٌຏωڼᠲृڶ 33.3%Ζ
B ඒஃᔆࡉඒᖂ೯ૠΚ B ۔ஃऱᔆለިփᚹΔ܀ڇᔞᅝऱழଢՈ౨ജ೯ࣷΖᨠኘԺඕᔲΔ ౨ജᦞ᧢ΖB ۔ஃᜢၦֺለ՛Δڕ࣠ԫ؟ఄՂٵᖂֺለܰழΔ৵૿ऱٵᖂ༉ᄎᦫ լࠩΔᐙࣹࠡრԺΖլመᇠ۔ஃऱ࿇ଃৰᑑᄷΔᚥܗԱᖂسऱᖂΖڇᓰ ࿓ૠֱ૿ΔB ۔ஃᄕࠠભפԺΔڂڼࠡඒࠠॺൄ壄ભΖ֠ࠡޢڻᚨش֮ࠝ ዚࡉᣉ֮ऱඒᖂ௧Δ௧ܮ֧՛֖ࣛऱؾ٠Ζڕ࣠ B ۔ஃॆ᧯೯ࡉଃၦຟױ אՕԫរΔຍᑌய࣠ᄎޓړΖ
C ۔ஃΚຂԿଡᠲΰparts of the bodyΕfamilyΕcolorsα
ψնࡴωኙຟሒۍ։հ 71.4ΔೈԱψնࡴωऱڗΔ՛֖ࣛൄൄ൷ᤛ ؆ΔඒᖂृऱඒࠠΔא՛ᕯᠲऱຏԳढΔܮ֧Ա՛֖ࣛऱؾ٠ΖףՂᇠ ଈ֮ࠝዚ១୲࣐ഀΖᖂய࣠ৰړΖ؆ඒᖂृৰᄎ֧ᖄ՛֖ࣛᖂΔࢬא ֘ᚨॺൄړΖ٦ףՂնࡴኙ՛֖ࣛլ૽سΔֲൄسຟᄎሎشࠩΔࢬאኙ 52.4%Ζᦟڼᠲऱڶ 57.1%Ζאψ୮அωᠲΔڇؓൄֲൄسխൄൄሎشΔ ۖඒᖂृሎشψݺଚຍԫ୮ωᠲਢ՛֖ࣛຟৰᑵ൜ऱΔࢬא՛֖ࣛტࠩາᥬ լբΖᦟڼᠲऱڶ 57.1%Ζ C ۔ஃऱඒஃᔆࡉඒᖂ೯ૠΚ C ۔ஃઌᅝᑣΔ౨ജڶய֧ᖄٵᖂΔԱᇞᖂسऱ֨ኪΖڶᘣࡉԺΕર֨Ε ფ֨Δ՛֖ࣛຟॺൄᦟڔΖඒࠠΕඒᖂޡᨏ១ࣔᛵΖڇૠඒᖂ೯ழΔ୲ ࣐ऱඈڇܺᣄऱ೯հছΔאᖂس౨ജٚᖂঞΖࢬא՛֖ࣛऱᖂኪ৫ ઌᅝᘻᥬΖ նࡴᠲඒᖂΚᖞᆏᓰאψ՛ᕯωᠲΔሎشࡵᙩऱᜭΔᨃᖂسჸ նࡴΔᨃ՛֖ࣛނնࡴऱڗ၀ՂװჸΔۖᇠցऱዚڴΔ᎘ᠾ࣐ഀΔ՛֖ࣛ ৰݶ༉౨ᖂᄎΖۖ C ۔ஃࢬᙇᖗऱᣉ֮ΔՈຟிிՂՑΖ D ۔ஃΚຂԿଡᠲΰFestivalΕNumbersΕFoodα ψᆏֲωኙڶ 42.8иΔڂዚڴᇙ૿ऱڗॺൄ९ΔኙԿڣ్ऱ՛֖ࣛ ڶᣄ৫Ζլመڴᓳආشխ֮ࠝዚψࠟೋ۔ॡωඝ৳Δ១࣐ഀΖ٦ףՂሎش ᑣس೯ऱൣቼඒᖂΔৰ୲࣐֧Ꮖ՛֖ࣛၞԵࠡխΖఄ఼్ݧॺൄߜړΖ՛֖ࣛॺ ൄڶᘋᔊΖլመޢڻඒᖂݙຟڶழၴᓤΔޢଡ៖ਈԫଡᠲצצመΔࠀ ڶሒࠩߜړऱᖂய࣠Ζᦟءᠲृڶ 38.1%Δྒྷ᧭ψଇढωኙሒ 85.7 иΔᠲؾ១Δ٦ףՂֽ࣠ऱֲ֮ൄسઃױߠΔࢬאࠀլᣄΖᦟຍଡᠲ
ऱڶ 33.3%Ζ אψᑇڗωᠲऱඒᖂ೯ૠΔኙሒ 57.1%Δᙑڶ 33.3%Ζං ྒྷ՛֖ࣛբڶ٣ໂᆖ᧭Δ٦ףՂଶᖂ֮ຟᄎඒࠩᑇڗΔኙ՛֖ࣛࠐᝑլ૽سΖ ٥ڶ 38.1%ᦟءᠲΖ D ۔ஃऱඒஃᔆࡉඒᖂ೯ૠΚ D ۔ஃऱᔆᄵਫৰᘣ֊Δ౨ജނᖂࣷړΖᜢଃৰਫࡉΔඒࠠڶ໌რΔ ৰᎁటᄷໂΔֺለ୲࣐ጹ്ΔᜢଃլജՕΔڕ࣠ఄՂٵᖂԫܰΔ༉ݙ٤ᦫլࠩ۔ ஃऱᜢଃԱΖඒᖂृऱ೯܂।ൣՈ౨ജޓس೯ᑣΔ֧ದᖂسऱᘋᔊΖ
ڇᓰ࿓ૠՂΔڔऱรԫഘᓰॺൄڶᔊΔଶړᅸࠩψᆄᆣᆏω
Δ࣍ਢՕ
ᜬچᑓᚵൣቼΔ࣠ྥܮ֧՛֖ࣛऱࣹრԺΖڇഏ՛ऱᓰ࿓խΔඒஃױ
א಼ൣٽழᆏࢨඒޗփ୲ᖂسտฯભഏԳऱᆏֲʻᆣᓭᆏΕᆄᆣᆏΕტ
ᆏΕᗑمધֲ࢚ʼΖۖඒᑇڗழΔඒᖂृؚధԱאሎشֽ࣠ࢨ֮ࠠऱ
ᑇᑇඒᖂΔԱԼଡٱچڜԳΔޢଡٺڶլٵऱۥΔॺൄړनΖʳ
รԲᆏʳ ᖂسհᖂኪ৫։࣫
ԫΕছྒྷኪ৫ၦ।֗։࣫Κ
। 5ʳ ছྒྷኪ৫ၦ।֗։࣫। ᠲʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ؾ إ૿ (ڶΔᦟΔݦ ඨ)% ૿ (ڶΔլᦟΔ լݦඨ)% ڶ ڃ % ԫΕ֮ࠝዚ 1. ՛֖ࣛΔڇؓൄֲൄسխΔ܃ΰα ڶᦫመ֮ࠝዚႯΛ 61.9 38.0 0 2. ܃ΰαڇ֮ᓰխΔڶൄൄᖂഀ֮ ࠝዚႯΛ 33.3 66.7 0 3. ܃ΰαᦟഀ֮ࠝዚႯΛ 42.8 57.2 0 4. ܃ݦඨࢨਢᦟڇ֮ᓰխᖂഀ֮ ࠝዚႯΛ 47.6 47.6 4.8ᠲʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ؾ إ૿ (ڶΔᦟΔݦ ඨ)% ૿ (ڶΔլᦟΔ լݦඨ)% ڶ ڃ % ԲΕ֮ᣉ֮ 1. ՛֖ࣛΔڇؓൄֲൄسխΔ܃ΰα ڶᦫመ֮ᣉ֮ႯΛ 33.3 66.7 0 2. ܃ΰαڇ֮ᓰխΔڶൄൄᖂഀ֮ ᣉ֮ႯΛ 38.1 61.9 0 3. ܃ΰαᦟഀ֮ᣉ֮ႯΛ 28.6 71.4 0 4. ܃ΰαݦඨࢨਢ܃ΰαᦟڇ֮ ᓰխᖂഀ֮ᣉ֮ႯΛ 33.3 66.6 0 ᑇᖕ᧩قΔڶሒ 61.9%ڇؓൄֲൄسխΔڶᦫመ֮ࠝዚΖ ኙֺ֮ᣉ֮ڶ 33.3%Δױ౨ਢڂ՛ֺ֖ࣛለ֟൷ᤛ֮ᣉ֮Ζ٦ףՂ ԫؑ૿ՂܽၴऱඒޗΔԱᏺףՂᓰऱᔊ࠺ࢤΔՕڍਢॵု֮ࠝዚΔࠀآ ܑඒ֮ᣉ֮ΔࢬאࠟઌኙֺᄎڶࢬฆΖࢬאطᑇᖕ᧩قڶ 33.3%ऱԳᤚ ۔ஃڇՂᓰխڶՂ֮ࠩࠝዚΔڶ 38.1%ᤚڇ֮ᓰഘխΔൄൄഀ֮ᣉ֮Ζ ༉՛֖ࣛءߪړࠐᎅΔڶ 42.8%ᦟഀ֮ࠝዚΔ܀থڶ 28.6%ᦟഀᣉ֮Δ ංྒྷࠡڂΔױ౨ਢڂ՛֖ࣛءߪլԱᇞΕլᑵ൜չᏖਢᣉ֮ΔࢬאᦟऱԳ ᑇೣ܅Ζլመٺڶ 47.6%ࡉ 33.3%ݦඨ౨ജڇᓰഘՂᖂ֮ࠝዚࡉᣉ֮Ζطڼ ࠐΔᖂسᖂऱ೯ᖲࡸױΖ
ԲΕ৵ྒྷኪ৫ၦ।֗։࣫Κ
। 6ʳ ৵ྒྷኪ৫ၦ।֗։࣫। ԫΕኙዚഀᖂհᘋᔊ(٥նᠲ) ٵრ % ᝫړ % լٵრ % ᐊ % ΰԫαࠝዚ 1.ݺᦟഀ֮ࠝዚ 23.8 57.1 19 0 2.ݺᦟٽ CD ࢨᙕଃऱֱڤࠐഀ֮ࠝዚΖ 33.3 47.6 19 0 3.ݺᤚഀ֮ࠝዚױאᚥܗݺᖂΖ 52.4 23.8 23.8 0 4.ݺݦඨࢨਢݺᦟڇ֮ᓰխᖂഀ֮ࠝዚΖ 47.6 33.3 19 05.ݺݦඨނޢԫᓰऱᓰ֮ຟᒳګࠝዚࠐഀΖ 38.1 47.6 14.3 0 ΰԲαᣉ֮ 1.ݺᦟആ֮ᣉ֮Ζ 19 47.6 33.3 0 2.ݺᦟٽ CD ࢨᙕଃऱֱڤࠐആ֮ᣉ֮Ζ 28.6 52.4 19 0 3.ݺᤚആ֮ᣉ֮ױאᚥܗݺᖂΖ 38.1 33.3 28.6 0 4.ݺݦඨࢨਢݺᦟڇ֮ᓰխᖂആ֮ᣉ֮Ζ 38.1 33.3 28.6 0 5.ݺݦඨނޢԫᓰऱᓰ֮ຟᒳګᣉ֮ࠐഀΖ 33.3 47.6 19 0 ԲΕᖂய࣠(٥Ԯᠲ)Κ 42.8 28.6 28.6 0 1.1 ݺױאထ۔ஃඒመऱࠝዚ௧ഀנຍԫଈࠝ ዚΖ 1.2 ݺױאထ۔ஃඒመऱᣉ֮௧ആנຍԫଈᣉ ֮Ζ 47.6 33.3 19 0 38.1 33.3 28.6 0 2.1 ݺᤚ۔ஃඒऱ֮ࠝዚ୲࣐ഀΖ 2.2 ݺᤚ۔ஃඒऱ֮ᣉ֮୲࣐࢚Ζ 38.1 38.1 23.8 0 3.ݺᦫᚩ۔ஃՂᓰփ୲Ζ 52.4 23.8 23.8 0 4.ݺᤚ۔ஃඒऱڗ֜ᣄΖ 33.3 52.4 14.3 0 5.ݺᤚ۔ஃඒऱڗ֜ڍΖ 28.6 57.1 14.3 0 6.ݺᦟ۔ஃՂᓰຟᎅΖ 28.6 28.6 42.8 0 ԿΕᓰ࿓ૠ(٥ࠟᠲ) 1.ݺᦟ۔ஃޢڻՂᓰଶၲࡨᎅऱਚࠃΖ 76.2 19 4.8 0 2.ݺᦟ۔ஃࢬૠऱሏᚭΖ 61.9 33.3 0 4.8 3.ݺᤚ۔ஃૠऱᖂৰ୲࣐Ζ 33.3 38.1 28.6 0 4.ݺᤚ۔ஃૠऱᖂৰڶᔊΖ 47.6 28.6 19 4.8 Εඒᖂᇷᄭ(٥ࠟᠲ) 1.ݺᦟ۔ஃՂᓰࢬࠌشऱቹׂΕ௧ΕڗΖ 57.1 28.6 14.3 0 2.ݺᦟ۔ஃՂᓰࠌشऱ՛ሐࠠΰनೝΕᏏΕዕ α 71.4 23.8 4.8 0 ៶طᑇᖕ᧩قΔᖂسᦟഀࠝዚΕആᣉ֮ٺ۾ 23.8%ࡉ 19%Ζطڼױवྤᓵ ਢࠝዚࢨᣉ֮ΔᖂسءߪᖂᘋીլΖඒᖂृءߪڇඒᖂ࿇ᖂس֮࿓
৫ଡ᧯ၴฆᄕՕΔۖطছ৵ྒྷऱމᒵቹ։࣫᧩قΔᖂسऱ࿓৫ᝫೖఎڇొᎁ ڗئऱၸΔڂڼԫዚᝓࢨᣉ֮ڇڶ۔ஃऱਐ֧ՀΔኙᖂسࠐᎅৰᣄΔ൷࠹ ৫լΖ܀ڕڶ۔ஃऱ֧ᖄΔᖂس༉ᄎڶ೯Ժࠐᖂ֮Ζ ڶ 42.8%ऱᖂسױאထ۔ஃඒመऱࠝዚ௧ഀנຍԫଈࠝዚΔ38.1%ऱᖂس ᤚ۔ஃඒऱ֮ࠝዚ୲࣐ഀΖڶ 47.6%ऱᖂسױאထ۔ஃඒመऱᣉ֮௧ആ נຍԫଈᣉ֮Ζ38.1%ऱᖂسᤚ۔ஃඒऱ֮ᣉ֮୲࣐࢚Δڂڶ 33.1%ऱᖂس ᤚڗ֜ᣄΖڂڼءઔߒ᧩قඒஃ֧ᖄඒᖂΔױᏺףᖂسኙࠝዚᣉ֮ऱᖂΖ ۖ៶طඒᖂृऱඒᖂڶ 52.4%ऱᖂسᤚഀ֮ࠝዚױאᚥܗהଚᖂΖ 38.1%ᤚആ֮ᣉ֮ױאᚥܗהଚᖂΖڂ៶طࠝዚᣉ֮ऱᖂΔඒᖂ ृڇඒ֮ڗ࿇ଃ֗ীՂΔᖂسᖂᘋીΔᙑᎄ࿇سᖲٍ֟Ζ ઔߒृٽਚࠃዚᝓᣉ֮ඒᖂΔਚࠃኙᖂسڶৰՕऱܮ֧ԺΔڶሒ 76.2% ᖂسᦟ۔ஃޢڻՂᓰଶၲࡨᎅऱਚࠃΔڂڼࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂছऱൣቼ֧ᖄފዝᄕ ૹऱߡۥΖ ሏᚭΕඒᖂᇷᄭऱሎشᏺףԱࠝዚᣉ֮ऱᔊ࠺ࢤΔڶሒ 61.9%ऱᖂسᦟ ۔ஃࢬૠऱሏᚭΖ༉ඒᖂᇷᄭऱሎشࠐᎅΔ57.1%ऱᖂسᦟ۔ஃՂᓰࢬࠌش ऱቹׂΕ௧ΕڗΖޓڶ 71.4%ᦟ۔ஃՂᓰࠌشऱ՛ሐࠠΰनೝΕᏏΕ ዕαΖطאՂᑇᖕ᧩قΔࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂᏁףڍጟցైᨃᖂسᦟΔᖂسᦟ թ౨֧࿇ᘋીᏺၞᖂΖۖຍࠄցై༉ਢൣቼ֏ऱਚࠃΕ壄ભऱቹׂ௧Εᨃᖂ سณᅪհԫॽΔᄎ᧢ᦅऱ՛ሐࠠΖ່ૹऱ๕መ࣍ൕψሏᑗխᖂωऱ՛ሏ ᚭΖ ՛՛ऱᖂՈ౨࿇ཀψ՛مՕפωऱפ໎Δ47.6%ऱᖂسᤚ۔ஃૠ ऱᖂৰڶᔊΖطאՂऱᑇᖕ᧩قΔطࠝዚᣉ֮ऱ֮ᓰᖂسଚਢլᄎ ᦟऱΔޓլױ౨ڶߜړऱᖂய࣠Δ່ړ౨ജאࠝዚᣉ֮ᠲڤඒᖂΔٽ ਚࠃΕ壄ભױფඒࠠΔړनऱሏᚭΖᨃ֮ᓰ೯ದࠐΔޓףڶྗ࠺Δᖂسᘋીԫ ࠐΔᅝྥ֮ᖂய࣠۞լڇᇩՀΖ ʳ
ٔΕᓵፖ৬ᤜ
รԫᆏʳ ᓵ
ᆖመԫຑۭऱኔ᧭ઔߒΕᇷறΕอૠ։࣫Δ܂ृڇኔ᧭խ࿇ഏ՛ ඒஃᔆࡉඒᖂ೯ૠΔኙ࣍ഏ՛ᖂ࿙ڇᖂګயא֗ᖂრᣋऱᐙΔ ࠩאՀᓵΚ τԫυඒஃᔆֱ૿ΔೈԱ۔ஃᇠࠠໂऱߢ౨ԺΔא֗إٻऱࢤΫર֨Ε ფ֨Ε֧ᖄΕႜᦫհ؆Δृ࿇אࠝ࿙խ֨Δᄎழழ൶ಘչᏖਢࠝ ࿙ؘႊᖂΕչᏖਢࠝ࿙ᦟᖂΔࠀޓᄅփ୲Εඒऄऱ۔ஃΔਢኙ ࠝ࿙ᖂګயڶإٻᐙऱΖڂؓཤ(Monigue Pithon)མᆖᎅመΚ ψඒஃګඓፖܡऱڂΔլڇהऱߢ౨ԺΔۖڇהऱԳᔆω(٘ض ܓ੍Δ1997)Ζܛࠌᖂسၞ৫༏৫ࠀլՕΔ܀ਢൕՂᓰൣݮᨠኘࠐΔ ᇠఄપԿ։հԣऱᖂسൕቧ༞ᓰΔլᦫൕ۔ஃਐᖄऱणउΔޏࠩ ౨ᙅൕ۔ஃਐقΔፖሏᚭ೯ᖂΔຍՈਢڂۯ۔ஃڇޢԫഘᓰ ޔ৵Δᄎ༼נᇠഘᓰऱᚌរࡉᇞެᙄऄΔא༼ࠎՀڻՂᓰऱૠֱ ٻΖڂڼΔᓰ࿓೯ૠᚨאࠝ࿙խ֨Δࣹૹࠝ࿙ऱᖂᘋᔊΔ א֗ጐၦ༼ࠎፖسٽऱڍᑌ֏ඒޗΰᄘڤભΔ2001αΔڂഏ՛ᖂ سګ༉ฆ֜ՕΔᨃٺጟګ༉ऱᖂسຟᦟՂᓰΔۖլਢᨃ ګ༉ᖂسᤚྤเլუՂᓰΕ܅ګ༉ᖂسᤚ֜ᣄ࣋ඵՂᓰΔრਐ ۔ஃऱᔆਢࠠໂޣᄅޣ᧢ऱΖ τԲυඒᖂ೯ૠֱ૿Δᠲڤࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂΔอᖞԱ֮τᣉ֮Εᓰছ՛ ਚࠃυΕଃᑗτࠝዚυΕॆ᧯τሏᚭΕTPR ඒᖂυΔޢଡᏆឈᗑمΔ܀ ڇᠲڤඒᖂՀথԾᛩᛩઌڬΔᖂسڇ೯խኙࠝዚᣉ֮խऱڗΕ ীޓףᑵᒭΔ༼ࣙԱᖂᘋᔊΔᖂኪ৫ޓᗨᄕΖڂڼΔ֮࿙ᝓඒᖂ ֱூՕ༏ࠨᖿ༼ࣙᖂسኙ֮ᖂऱᘋᔊΖࢬڶऱᖂ࿙ᆖطᗨᄕፖ ٺႈ೯৵Δੌנኙඒᖂ೯ᖺদྤֺऱᑷფΰ۫ੳΔ2002αΖ ຫᆣໃΰ1999αՈ༼נΔᓰഘ೯ᚨᇠਝړनԾڶᔊΔڂړनऱ೯ ֺለ୲࣐ಖದࠐΔᖂದࠐՈֺለڶګ༉ტΖڇઔߒᅝխྒྷᇢՑആᣉ ֮ΔছྒྷڶԼԿۯྤऄᦰٚ۶ڗΔ܀৵ྒྷ࣠ႛໍԮۯΖڂڼڍց Ծᑣऱඒᖂ೯ૠΔᒔኔ༼ᖂسᖂऱᘋᔊΔઌኙՈ༼֒ᖂ ऱګயΖ τԿυྒྷ᧭ࠝዚᣉ֮ᔹᦰՑᎅຝٝΔᖂسऱᖂᙑᎄิীΔנ᙮ለ ऱψլࣔڗଃᙑᎄωΕψᙊዥଃωΖઌኙऱΔψئଃωΕψଃω ፖψ༺Եଃωঞנ᙮ለ֟Ζ
܀ਢΔ៶طኔਜছ৵ྒྷऱֺለױא࿇Δڼႈྒྷ᧭࣠ګயլڕቃཚΔංྒྷ ױ౨ڂΔ։אՀ༓រᎅࣔհΚ 1. ط࣍ٽᠲհਚΔຝ։ᙇᖗऱࠝዚآࢽᣉΔᆏΕᣉ৳Δᖄીլ࣐ಖ ᖋΔᖂسྤऄிிՂՑΔ౨ڶཚಖᖋΔྤऄขسڶრᆠऱሎ܂ಖᖋΔၞ ԫޡװᇞΕᎁवඒᖂփ୲Δขسྤૻཚऱ९ཚಖᖋΔאીګயڶૻΰ്ਞ ᘋΔ2005αΖ 2. ຝ։փ୲֜ᣄΔڂޢڻඒᖂழၴڶԿԼն։ᤪΔழၴڶૻΔྤऄ֘ ᒭΔٍଡܑᒭΔࢬאᖂسྤऄڇڶૻழၴփᒔኔܮگᓰ࿓փ୲Ζ 3. ᖂسଡܑฆᄕՕΔඒஃྤऄᒔኔ༳൳ޢۯᖂسऱᏁޣΔඒޗᣄ࣐৫Ոլ࣐ ֗٤᧯Δૉඒޗ១Δ࿓৫܅ᆵृࢨױאᇿՂඒஃऱޡٕΔ܀Ոທګ࿓ ৫ለऱᖂسآؘറ֨ᦫᝑΔ֘հٍྥΖ 4. ඒஃᆖ᧭լߩΔڇఄ్ᆖᛜՂآڶயጥ఼ݧΔીࠌᖂسྤऄڇߜړऱඒᖂ ൣቼՀΔܮگᓰ࿓փ୲Ζ 5.ڇඒᖂመ࿓Δඒᖂृࣹૹඒᖂ೯ऱܧΰpresentαΔֺለլࣹૹေၦΔ ᙄऄܛழवሐᖂسऱܮگणउΔ٦ףൎᖂسᖂΔՈױ౨ਢᖄી৵ྒྷ࣠լ ኦऱڂΖ 6. ྒྷ᧭ழၴଶړ࣍ᖂீཚأە৵Δਚᖂسᖂኪ৫լΔ֨ൣٍ࠹ᐙΔለ ௬೯Εլറ֨Δ։ࠟڻၞ۩৵ྒྷΔאીױ౨ᐙ৵ྒྷ࣠Ζ
รԲᆏʳ ৬ᤜ
ᖕઔߒ࣠֗ᓵΔء֮։ܑ༉ඒᖂ֗ઔߒֱࠟ૿༼נ༓រ৬ᤜΔאࠎآ ࠐઔߒृەΖԫΕඒᖂֱ૿
ΰԫαᏺףᓰழၴΚڇءኔ᧭խΔ᜔٥ၞ۩Լԫڻᓰ࿓Δޢڻᓰ࿓ԿԼն ։ᤪΖྥۖڶࠄᠲڂᖂسլམ൷ᤛΔᏁޓڍழၴܮگᖂΔԾࠝ ዚᣉ֮Ꮑ֘ആഀΔթ౨ኙ phonics ڶࢬᚥܗΔޢۯ۔ஃڇޢഘᓰ ຟૠઌᅝךኔऱඒᖂ೯Δ܀ڂழၴڶૻΔࠌඒᖂݙᖞΔ۔ஃଚ ຏൄڇψ᎔ၞ৫ωऱൣउՀΔڶࠄ೯౨ၞ۩ՕપΕն։ᤪऱழၴ ۖբΖۖޢڻՂᓰΔ༉ၲࡨᄅऱᠲඒᖂΔڶڍ塒ழၴᓤՂၜඒᖂփ୲Δᓰ؆ழၴՈྤऄᒭΕಖᖋΔࢬאΔᖂسڶܮگ৸ەΕᒭழ ၴΔᖂᅝྥ༉ྤऄڶயܮگΖڂڼૉ౨ᜍᓰழၴၴሶΔᏺףՂᓰ ழᑇΔᓰ۔ஃ౨ജך։ሎشழၴΔᚨ౨ࠌᓰհփ୲ለݙᖞΔᖂس Ո౨ለݙᖞऱܮگᓰ࿓փ୲ΖCloward(1967, ֧۞ᇸᐝ֮Ε്ᦸڕΔ 2004)Κޢၜඒᖄ՛ழᚌ࣍ޢၜඒᖄࠟ՛ழΖٵழඒᖄଃᣉᤚᢝ֗ڗئ ᦰΔױאףݶᔹᦰ౨ԺΖڕ࣠ඒᖂመ࿓९Δᖂسڶޓڍழၴᒭ֗ ᓤ(ᇸᐝ֮Ε്ᦸڕΔ2004)Ζ ΰԲαშૹڜඈᓰ࿓Κᚨ٣ەᖂس࿓৫Δ᠃შᙇᖗٽࡵऱࠝዚᣉ֮Δࣹૹࢽ ᣉΕᣉᆬ᧢֏ࡉᖂسᑵ൜ऱඝ৳Δא౨ᨃᖂسሒࠩך։ᒭ phonics ऱ ؾᑑΖPhonics ඒᖂຝ։ᚨᙇᖗ១ऱሏᚭΔጐױ౨אᏺףޢଡᖂسፖ ሏᚭᒭऱᖲᄎΖڼ؆ΔೈԱڗΕphonicsΔٍႊףൎऱᖂΖ່ ৵ঞᚨቃఎழၴΔေၦᖂسڇᇠഘᓰऱܮگणउΔڇՀڻᓰഘၲࡨছ ޏإΕףൎᖂٱွΖຫᆣໃ(1999)ਐנࠌᓰ࿓ጐၦొ֏Δૹᓤࠌش ඒޗࡉඒᖂᄗ࢚ΖChastain(1988)।قΔᓰ࿓೯ڜඈऱႉݧ֗ඒऱၞ ৫ΔਢᐙඒᖂፖᖂऱૹڂైΖࢬאᚨല୲࣐ऱ೯ඈڇছ૿Δܺ ᣄऱ೯ඈڇ৵૿Δᖂس౨ജٚΖࢨױەᤪᖫᒴΔිᗊ(2005)հ ৬ᤜΚᅝছඒᖂᇞެհฃץਔΚᚨش՛ิٽ܂ᖂΔඒᖂփ୲ג า։ᣊΔڍאף։ᆠඒᖂΔၞ۩ᝅඝڤඒᖂΔ֗౨ᚨشઝݾ᧯ඒᖂΖ ΰԿαഛߛᄅ֫۔ஃΚڶயऱఄ్ᆖᛜ༼ᖂسᖂய࣠ऱૹᣂΔኙᄅ ֫۔ஃ৬مଡԳݮွޓ᧩ૹΔ֠ࠡႊᨃᖂسॾࣚᄅ֫۔ஃऱߢ۩֗ඒ ᖂΔڇڼຝ։Δۯ۔ஃࠀآڶயऱఄ్ᆖᛜΔຍՈਢࡸৱ܌ࣚऱૹ ڂైΖ۶ᐝႅ(2003)৬ᤜఄ్ᆖᛜֱ૿ڶնႈΚ৬مᑻᚐࠫ৫Δഛ塄 ቸၷ壄壀Δఄ్ൄऱಝᒭΔඒൣቼ܉ᆜΔڍց֏ᖂΖኙ࣍س֫ۖ ߢΔ۶ᐝႅᎁ৬مᑻᚐࠫ৫ኙ֧࣍ದᖂ೯ᖲ᨟ړऱΔڇ఼ݧऱ൳ࠫ ՈጩױאΖ
ڼ؆Δڶய౨ऱඒஃץਔאՀ༓រ(Paul, 2003)Κ
1. ࡳᆠඒஃऱߡۥΚڕ൳ࠫΕআၞய౨Ζ 2. ղଡԳऱֱٻΔڕᄷໂᏘ٤Δૠ೯ΔᙇᖗᔞᅝऱؾᑑΔܮ֧ᖂسፖΔ আၞᖂسऱګ༉ტΖ 3. ༼ࠎ࠰ܗΔڕڃംᠲΔᚥܗش֮।ሒΔscaffolding(شᨓਮ֭ᐶ)Δղᄆ قΖਚૉ౨ಾኙڶய౨ऱඒஃࠡᔆࠐઔߒΔᚨᇠᄎኙᄅ֫ඒஃڶࣔ᧩ऱඒᖂඔ ࿇Ζ
ԲΕઔߒֱ૿
ΰԫαઔߒإᓰழၴΚڇءኔ᧭խΔृܓشᖂீհඣ٠ழၴၞ۩ඒᖂΔ࣐ᔡ ࠹ᖂسඣၴؚൿ֗ᓰ؆೯հᐙΔኙᖂسۖߢᓰ࿓ᚘԺለ՛Δྤऄ ሒࠩඒᖂ່Օऱய࣠Ζૉ౨ലኔ᧭ઔߒᓰ࿓ᒳإڤᓰ࿓Δڇإᓰழၴ ၞ۩ඒᖂΔᖂسࢨለૹီڼઔߒඒᖂΔࠀ౨ኙ۞ݺޣΔሒࠩኔ᧭ඒ ᖂհګயΖ ΰԲαᏺףઔߒኙွΚءઔߒאতؑ BJ ഏ՛հԿڣ్ᖂ࿙࠹ᇢृΔಾ ኙԲԼԫۯઔߒኙွၞ۩ኔ᧭Δࠀآ܂ᙟᖲࢼᑌΔڂڼᑌءլࠠז। ࢤΔྤऄංᓵ۟ࠡהඒᖂൣቼΔԾڂଡ᧯ၴᙇᖗฆΔྤऄנਢط ኔ᧭ທګऱ࣠Ζૉ౨ឩՕઔߒհኙွࠀᏺףઔߒհԳᑇΔࢨޓၞԫޡ אࠡהᗼؑچլٵհ࠹ᇢृઔߒኙွΙ۟ലڣ్ᐋٻՂࢨٻՀ ۼΔ۟ٺլٵڣ్ڼઔߒΔڍցࠐᄭհઔߒኙွᚨ౨ࠌڼઔߒޓড় ᨠΖە֮
٘ضܓ੍ΰ1997αΖڕ۶ඒᖂړ֮Ζ֮ᠧΔ3-4Ζ ޕࣲፚΰ1998αΖଊထዚᜢऱౕፎ--ᇞ࣫ዚڴඒᖂΖཉᅇඒᖂᠧΔ19Δ16-21Ζ ާߐୠΰ1993αΖڕ۶ش Phonics ඒڗΖཉᅇඒᖂᠧΔ1Δ18-19Ζ ۶ᐝႅ(2003)Ζඒߛႃխኔ֨Ζඒհ֖Δ44(3)Δ107-112Ζ ܦࡲႂΰ2003αΖભഏףຒᖂீ VS.ᇖඑඒᖂΖஃ֖Δ427Δ23-30Ζ ܦ✛䑍ΰ˅˃˃˅αΖਚࠃඒᖂˀˀאψ᜶堿Գωʻ˚˼́˺˸̅˵̅˸˴˷ʳ ̀˴́ʼࠏΖഏඒᄅवΔ49(1)Δ ˇˈˀˈˉΖʳ ܦᑥྱΰ2002αΖᖂீءۯඒᖂඒஃګ९հ۩೯ઔߒΖഏمխإՕᖂඒߛઔߒࢬᓵ֮Δ آנठΖ ࣥ۟ᇨ(Lin, C.C.)ΰ1999αΖڗئհ৵ΕଃհছΚᓫڗئᦰհছᆜᒭΖඒᖂΔ23(3)Δ 15-21Ζࣥભੳΰ1999αΖഏ՛ඒஃറᄐव౨փොհઔߒΖഏمक़ᓊஃᒤᖂೃഏاඒߛઔߒࢬ ᓵ֮ΔآנठΖ ᑥ॑(Hu, J. F.)ΰ1997αΖଃሎشፖዧڗᖂᦰΖԳ֮֗षᄎᖂઝඒᖂຏಛΔ4(8)Δ69-79Ζ ᑥ॑(Hu, J. F.)(1999)Ζڕ۶࠰ܗࠝ࿙࿇୶ଃᣉᤚᢝΖඒᖂΔ3(23)Δ7-14Ζ ᑥ॑(Hu, J. F.) (2001)Ζൕߢᖂءᔆ൶ಘኙ؆ᖂ౨ԺऱฆΖඒߛઔߒִעΔ89Δ 66-74Ζ ᑥ॑(Hu, J. F.)(2002)Ζᓫψፘଃݫᣉωڇ؆հૹࢤΖഏඒᄅवΔ1(49)Δ19-26Ζ ਜد༡Εڹ༡ભΰ1999αΖഏ՛ᓰ࿓հ壄壀ፖۥΖඒߛઔߒᇷಛΔ7(2)Δ1-5Ζ ਜᙘႆΖࠐរլԫᑌऱᖂցై ݺऱዚڴᣉ֮ඒᖂ֨ΖཉᅇඒᖂሽᠧΖᛀ
ֲཚΚ12. 08. 2005Ζ࠷۞ world wide webΚ http://cet.cavesbooks.com.tw/htm/m0621000.htm
ᏕΕཱུစΕ୪ිହᒳ(2003)Ζዃᓫ࿇ଃඒᖂΖקΚஃᐚΖ
ႁමΰ1999αΖᓫࠝ࿙ભඒᖂ೯ૠհᒳᐊΖඒஃհ֖Δ40(2)Δ36-42Ζ
۫ੳΰ2002αΖڍցཕᐝᓵڇؔᆇႼ࿙ᝓඒᖂऱᚨشΖഏاඒߛΔ42(5)Δ50-58Ζ ۫ੳ(Hsu, H. L.)ΰ2002αΖሎشڍցཕᐝᓵڇഏ՛֮࿙ᝓඒᖂհ۩೯ઔߒμIntegrating theory of multiple intelligences to the teaching of English nursery rhymes: An action research of EFL beginners in elementary schoolνΖഏمקஃᒤᖂೃࠝ࿙ඒߛઔߒ ࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖ ભຳ(Shu, M.H.)ΰ2004αΖൎ֏ڤڗئᦰऄඒᖂኙഏ՛ࠝ࿙ڰཚᔹᦰ౨Ժᐙ հઔߒΖഏمקஃᒤᖂೃࠝ࿙ඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔקؑΖ ๕ܩ֮ΰ1994αΖᅝ KK ሖՂ PHONICSΖཉᅇඒᖂᠧΔ3Δ14-15Ζ ፇដΰ1998αΖᠲڤඒᖂऱ࢚--ഏ՛ኔਜᓰ࿓อᖞऱױ۩ฃΖඒߛᇷறፖઔߒΔ 25Δ9-11Ζ ඒߛຝΰ1998αΖഏاඒߛၸڣԫᓰ࿓᜔ጼጼΖፕקؑΚ܂ृΖ ၙొొΰ2002αΖᦅႚᆰ Trick or treatΖඒஃ֚چΔ121Δ54-56Ζ
ຫ֮ࡉ(Chen, W. H.)ΰ2004αΖᆏඒᖂኙ࣍سᖂհய墿ઔߒμEffects of jazz chant instruction on English learning for vocational high school studentsνΖഏمႂஃᒤ ՕᖂᖂߓጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔႂؑΖʳ
ຫਁ٠ΰ2003ΔAugust, 2αΖৄၢ၏ᣤૹΔګඒஃΚᠨףᏣΖխ؇ֲΔร 13 ठΖ
ຫᆣໃΰ1999αΖഏ՛ᓰ࿓೯ૠഗءᄗ࢚ΖԳ֮֗षᄎᖂઝඒᖂຏಛΔ10(4)Δ 104-118Ζ ຫᆣ᠂ΰ2003αΖ࿙ᝓ໌܂ඒᖂΖඒஃհ֖Δ44(1)Δ44-58Ζ ຫᡯد(Chen, C.Y.)ΰ2001αΖଃ।ᆠΚଫᓫࠡڇඒᖂՂհඔقΖק:֮ᦊΖ ്ਞᘋΰ2005αΖඒߛ֨ᖂΖקΚࣟဎΖ ്ᄅոΰ2001αΖኔਜᇖඑඒᖂհᓰ࿓ፖඒᖂૠΖႂஃՕᖂΔ17Δ85-106Ζ ്ᄅոΕ५ՂటΕޕైᐝΰ2000αΖഏխઝᖂܺᣄᖂسհᇖඑඒᖂګயઔߒΖඒߛ ᖂעΔ16Δ163-191Ζ ്ྉܩΰ1999αΖ࿙ᝓ໌܂ඒᖂΖཉᅇඒᖂᠧΖקΚࣟ۫Ζ ႓ֵᥞΰ2000αΖངଡֱڤЁᓫᇖඑඒᖂऱޏၞհሐΖஃ֖Δ397Δ10-14Ζ མᡯᐝΕਜࠋܩΰ1991αΖࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂፖ Phonics ඒᖂኙࠝ࿙ᖂհֺለΖতՕ ᖂᖂՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖ ᇸᐝ֮Ε്ᦸڕ(2004)Ζٵᕦଡܑඒᖂኙഏ՛܅ګ༉ᖂسڗئᦰᖂګ༉֗ᖂኪ ৫ᐙհઔߒΖ2004 ഏᎾᚨشඒᖂઔಘᄎዄՠ܂ܽᓵ֮ႃΰ 296-306αΖק: ֮ᦊΖ ᇯ塒ᙩΕۂᐝ (2003)Ζഏ՛్ٚ۔ஃאዚᝓᣉ֮ലᘜԵٺઝඒᖂհᑓڤઔߒΚא ԫଡڣ్ऱఄ్ࠏΖ2003 ഏᎾᚨشඒᖂઔಘᄎዄՠ܂ܽᓵ֮ႃΰ 4-19αΖ קΚ֮ᦊΖ ᇯ塒ᙩΕৌᄦप(2004)Ζഏ՛ᇖඑඒᖂΚ࿙ᔹᦰඒᖂฃհᚨشΖഏاඒߛΔ 44(5)Δ20-26Ζ ᄘڤભΰ2001αΖഏ՛ඒஃஃᇷഛಝఄᖂኙψඒᖂ೯ૠω֗ஃᇷഛಝᓰ࿓ ऄհᓳઔߒΖፕխஃೃᖂΔ15Δ219-254Ζ ᙒ֮ګΰ1998αΖڕ۶ګԫۯუഏ՛ඒஃΖഏඒ֚چΔ127Δ40-42Ζ ڠᘜΰ1983αΖഏاխᖂᖄஃߡۥऱઔߒΖႂΚ༚֮Ζ ॎᚊ(1987)Ζᚌߜഏխඒஃᔆհᡖᑇ։࣫ΖඒߛઔߒᇷಛΔ3Δ14-28Ζ ཱུစΰ1994αΖ࿇ଃඒᖂЁPhonics ඒᖂऱഗءփ୲ፖֱऄΖཉᅇඒᖂᠧΔ2Δ35-41Ζ ᢅભᥞ (Lo, M. L.)ΰ2002αΖඒஃॾ࢚ፖଃᑗཕ౨ኙࠝዚᣉ֮ඒᖂհᐙμThe effects of teachers’ beliefs and musical intelligence on teaching songs and rhymesνΖഏمקஃᒤ ᖂೃࠝ࿙ඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔקΖ
ᢅભᥞΰ2005αΖൕኔඒஃऱᨠរڣԫᓰ࿓Ζ്࣑ࣳᒳΰ2005αΔڣԫ ᓰ࿓ඒᖂਗᖏፖኙΰ 161-191αΖקΚഏمஃᒤՕᖂΖ
ᢅ୮ᦉΰ1998αΖዚڴᣉ֮ඒᖂऱᕖԺΖཉᅇඒᖂᠧΔ19Δ1-14Ζ
ᤪᖫᒴΔිᗊ(2005)Ζᅝছඒᖂऱಮ৸ፖڂᚨኙԫ՛ิٽ܂ፖᇷಛઝݾऱᚨشΖ ඒஃհ֖Δ46(3ʼΔ57-64Ζ
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ॵᙕԫ
৵ྒྷګ༉ၦ।
᠋ΚǺ!
2/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*գฆ༏ǻ!)3*գฝკ༏ǻ!)4*գ०༏ǻ!!!!!)5*գቪӷ༏ǻ! 3/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*ᙯ୮!!!!!!!!!)3*ᄗӦ݈!!!!!!!)4*!Ѻ໒ᐩ!!!!!!!!)5*ᇥఁӼ! 4/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*ᙯ୮!!!!!!!!!)3*ᄗӦ݈!!!!!!!)4*!Ѻ໒ᐩ!!!!!!!!)5*ᇥఁӼ! 5/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*Ӵࢂךޑ༰༰!)3*Ӵࢂךޑۊۂ!)4*дࢂךޑݿݿ!!!)5*дࢂךޑл! 6/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*Ӵࢂךޑ༰༰!)3*Ӵࢂךޑۊۂ!)4*дࢂךޑݿݿ!!!)5*дࢂךޑл! 7/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*ፔࢂଯޑǻ!!!)3*ፔࢂ࿖ޑǻ!!!)4*ፔࢂ֧ޑǻ!!!!!)5*ፔࢂዧޑǻ! 8/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*ဃፍٰΑ!!!)3*ཥԃٰΑ!!!!!)4*ဃٰΑ!!!!!)5*ύٰࣿΑ! 9/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*ؤࢂଫ!!!)3*ؤࢂଫФ!!!)4*!ؤࢂଫᒗ!!!!)5*ؤࢂଫކ! :/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*ОًٰΑ!!!!!)3*ϦًٰΑ!!!!!)4*०ᐒٰΑ!!!!!!!)5*ಭٰΑ! 21/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*Ѭࢂᗭᘗᘔ!)3*!Ѭࢂਥ३ᑴ!)4*!Ѭࢂᗭ݀)5*!Ѭࢂᗭᐊη! 22/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*գૈᄗգޑЃ༏ǻ!)3*!գૈᄗգޑ࿊༏ǻ! !!!!!!!!!!)4*գૈᄗգޑԸԚ༏ǻ!)5*!գૈᄗգޑЃ༏ǻ! 23/Ȑ!!!ȑ)2*գૈᄗգޑЃ༏ǻ!)3*!գૈᄗգޑ࿊༏ǻ! !!)4*գૈᄗգޑԸԚ༏ǻ!)5*!գૈᄗգޑЃ༏ǻ!!
࣮კᇡӷǺ!
2/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ ! )2*fzft! )3*optf! )4*npvui!4/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ! ! )2*dpx! )3*eph! )4*qjh!
5/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ ! )2*dbu! )3*eph! )4*qjh!
6/ Ȑ!!!ȑ! ! )2*cvt! )3*qmbof! )4*usbjo!
7/ Ȑ!!!ȑ!! ! )2*cspuifs! )3*tjtufs! )4*npuifs!
8/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ ! )2*cspuifs! )3*tjtufs! )4*gbuifs! ! 9/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ!! )2*uisff! )3*gpvs! )4*tjy! ! :/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ!!! ! )2*cbobob! )3*bqqmf! )4*mfnpo! 21/ Ȑ!!!!ȑ!! ! )2*bqqmft! )3*hsbqft! )4*mfnpot!
ॵᙕԲ
৵ྒྷᣉ֮ᔹᦰΕՑᎅ౨Ժྒྷ᧭
ԫΕ
Can you fly? No, I can’t.
Can you cook? No, I can’t.
Can you draw? Yes, I can.
I can draw!
ԲΕ
Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, turn around.
Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, touch the ground.
Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, shut the door.
Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, count to four.
Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, turn out the light.
Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, say goodnight.
ԿΕ
Eyes and ears and mouth and nose
Mouth and nose, mouth and nose
Eyes and ears and mouth and nose
Can you touch your ____________?
Ε
Ten Little Indians
One little, two little, three little Indians,
Four little, five little, six little Indians,
Seven little, eight little, nine little Indians,
Ten little Indian boys.
նΕ
Father, mother,
brother, sister.
We are happy family.
We are happy, we are happy.
We are happy family.
The Effects of Teachers’ Quality and Activity
Design on Third Graders’ English Learning
Huang, J.H
*, Fong, P.L
**, Hsieh, L.H.
***Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of teachers’ qualities and activity design on elementary school students’ English learning. The subjects were 21 third-graders in an elementary school in Tainan City. Four preservice teachers designed and took turn teaching theme-based activities in 11 weeks. Pre-test and post-test were implemented and analyzed. Conclusion is listed as follows: First, besides patience, love, leadership and listening, teachers who designed child-centered teaching had positive influence on children. Second, active and multiple teaching activities could promote interest and effect of English learning. Third, in the testing section of song and rhyme teaching, the highest frequency of errors was unclear word-sound errors and missing sound. Below are the five suggestions: First, teaching time should be prolonged. Second, teaching practicum can be scheduled in the formal class time. Third, the number of subjects may be extended. Fourth, content and procedure should be arranged appropriately. Fifth, train preservice teachers of various qualities with effective management ability.
Keywords: curriculum design, elementary school English learning,
teachers’ qualities
* Practice Teacher, Wen Chang Elementary School, Taichung County ** Practice Teacher, Chong Ying Elementary School, Tainan County
