做為社會動力的社區與城市：全球化下對社區營造的一點理論上的思考

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έ៉ۤົࡁտ؞Ώ ௐ̱Ị̏ഇ! 2007 ѐ 3 ͡

Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies No. 65, March 2007 Īέ៉ጼޢϔ͹ྻજ۞ͅޥᄃᑭ੅ī

ઇࠎۤົજ˧۞ۤડᄃݱξ

ĈБ஧̼˭၆ۤડᒉౄ۞˘ᕇ

நኢ˯۞ޥ҂

*

आᝤ˝

Thinking Communities and Cities as Social Dynamics:

Theorizing Community Empowerment in Globalization

by

Chu-joe Hsia

ᙯᔣෟĈநኢăۤડăۤົજ˧ăౌξ̼ăۤડᒉౄᄃૈ˧࿅඀ăۤડຍᙊă ξϔ

Keywords: theory, community, social dynamics, urbanization, community em-powering, citizen

* ņέ៉ጼޢϔ͹ྻજ۞ͅޥᄃᑭ੅Ň੅ኢົኢ͛Ăέ៉ۤົࡁտ؞Ώۤ͹ᏱĂ2006 ѐ 11 ͡ 25 ͟Ą࣒Լ݈ኢ͛അͽņГநኢۤડǕǕБ஧̼˭၆ۤડᒉౄ۞˘ᕇநኢ ˯ ۞ ޥ ҂ Ň Ğ Re-theorizing Community: Thinking Community Empowerment in Globalization ğ Ă ൴ ܑ ٺ Б ஧ ࡔ ̮ ˭ ̝ г ͞ ϖ ᜈ ൴ ण Ğ To Built Sustainable Communities under Globalizationğ઼ᅫጯఙࡁ੅ົĂፘᇇࡊԫ̂ጯ NPO ࡁտ൴ण ͕̚ĞNPO Research and Development Centre Shu-Te Universityğ͹ᏱĂ2006 ѐ 11 ͡ 17 ͟--18 ͟Ą

఼ੈгӬĈέΔξᘲ೻჊ྮα߱˘ཱིέ̂ݱฏٙ ڇચಏҜĈέ៉̂ጯޙ᎝ᄃݱฏࡁտٙି଱ࣘٙܜ e-mail: [email protected]

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ࠎ˞ฟण༊݈έ៉۞ۤડᒉౄ۞ࡁտ̍үĂᓁඕۤડᒉౄ၁ኹ۞ གྷរĂͽ̈́Ăࢬ၆ৼˢБ஧གྷᑻ۞۩มᄃۤົλតĂѣӄٺဦᘱБ஧ ̼Ğmapping globalizationğᄃᄮᙊг͞ĞдгĂplace, local, regionalğ

۞ਕ˧1_{Ăώ͛၆ߊѣநኢໄه೩΍ᄮᙊኢԲҿĂͽഇਕତЪࡁտᄃ} ၁ኹĂ೩΍༊݈έ៉ۤડᒉౄ۞ૈ˧࿅඀Ğcommunity empoweringğ ۞̶ژّ઄ᄲĞanalytical hypothesesğĄ

˘ă၆ۤડĞcommunityăۤཏăВТវğᄃۤડ

ຍᙊĞcommunity consciousnessğ۞Гޥ҂

ࢵАĂࠎ˞நྋۤડВТវໄه޽ঘ۞̰टĂԧࣇ૟ٙᏜ۞ۤડ Ϡ߿ᄃ̳ВϠ߿׌࣎ቑᘞΐͽડ̶Ăϡ၆໰ֽםӄࠧؠቑᘞĈ

1.ۤડϠ߿ vs.̳ВϠ߿

ˠᄃᒖဩࡁտ۞ጯ۰ႳᚊֲĆࡔĞMaria Geeğഅ͔ϡᒖဩ͕நጯ

छ౪૗Ćο༄ႬĞMichael BrillğăᚊቷĆ᱕܀൞ĞLeanne Rivlinğă߆

ڼࣰጯछ႔ऌĆญᜋĞHannah Arendtğăڱᜋҹ჊ጯࠁۤົጯछ͍ॲĆ

ݣߦႳ೻ĞJurgem Habermasğă፬ซ߆ڼ۞ّ̃͹ཌྷጯ۰ຑ༄೻ĆႳ ༄щĆ໅ĞIris Marion YoungğăౌξۤົጯछՂߤĆ഑ঠĞRichard Sennettğඈˠ۞ໄهĂ࠹̢၆໰ۤડϠ߿Ğcommunity lifeğᄃ̳ВϠ ߿Ğpublic lifeğ۞ડ̶Ă݈۰޽ঘĈ ņۡତ۞ăଐຏ۞ăࢬ၆ࢬăдгĞг͞ğۤົ۞ܫЇᄃତৼᔣ ඕĞcommunal bondsğᄃฏຓĞnostalgiağĂ၆໰ޢ۰ૻአ۞ϔ͹ 1_{ώ͛ѣຍડ̶ܕѐдέ៉߹Җ۞߆ڼନᙜĂώ˿ᄃг͞Ğдгğ׌۰дநኢޙၹ˯}

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۞ăπඈ۞߆ڼᅳાᄃξϔ߿જĄŇĞү۰ᛌĂࢦᕇࠎү۰ٙΐğ2 ߊ൒ۤડВТវ۞ቑᘞͧྵᙯܼ඾ᘃᖞ̝ଐĂ఺྆ሕᖟ۞ಶߏۤ ົƝۤડВТវăౌξƝฏՅăன΃Ɲ็௚ඈ׌̮၆ϲ۞ҁ઄నĂឰ ԧࣇͅ࠷Ѻѐ̝݈ன΃̍ຽۤົঙனॡໄهޙၹ۞።ΫਔඛĂۡତࢬ ၆ۤડВТវ઄న۞८͕Ĉ

2.̦ᆃߏۤડĉ

ۤડĞcommunityğ۞ໄهߏۤົጯ۞ฏຓ๜ĉҹ֧೻ĆᓦႬĞCris ShoreğдĮโ̡͒͵ࡔۤົޥຐф׏į྆୻຾гܑځĈ ņۤડВТវ۞ໄه޽ঘĂึ඾Ϥࢮұזԇκ೻Ă઼࡚۞ۤົጯ छĂس഑೻ăࠁҹăലႬකăᏥහඈĂాᜈг૟ۤડෛࠎ׌̮၆ ϲ۞็௚-ன΃ăฏՅ-ౌξăৠཐ-͵ܸ׌̮၆ϲ۞׌ໂ̚۞நຐ ᙷݭĄ఺ߏ၆ன΃̍ຽۤົઠЩّă؝ϲăͽ̈́ள̼۞̂ிۤົ ۞ડ̶Ă၆࿅Ν۞ۤົயϠ঎ႝᄃฏຓĄۤડĂజ઄నࠎଐຏ጖ ჸᄃ็௚ۤડ۞ń࡚рϠ߿ŅĄŇ ᓦႬତ඾޽΍Ĉ ņઇࠎ̶ژّໄهĂۤડ۞ᆊࣃ̙̂ĂΞߏĂιݒజ߆ڼˠۏă ఢထरăޙ᎝रඈĂͽ̳ВӀৈ̝ЩĂϡֽϒ༊̼׎߆ඉĂٕߏ એഭࠎ׎΁۞ۤົ௡ᖐĂ൒҃дன၁྆Ăιݒــ̙ညߏৌ၁۞ ۤົ௡ᖐĄŇĞү۰ᛌĂࢦᕇࠎү۰ٙΐğ3 ЯѩĂ̦ᆃߏۤડĉԧࣇυื͕̈гֹϡۤડٕВТវ۞ໄهĂ

2_{Gee, Marie (1996) “Community and the Public Sphere”, paper presented at}

Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA) Conference 27, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-16, 1996.

3_{Shore, Cris (1993) William Outhwaite and Tom Bottomore, eds. The Blackwell}

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Ҍ͌Ă଀གྷ࿅ᄮᙊኢ۞ԲҿĄ֤ᆃĂซ˘Վаᑕ݈ࢗ۞׌̮၆ϲ઄నĂ ԧࣇಶΞͽГ੅ኢۤົጯ۞ҁ᜜ኢĂۤડВТវ۞ঐεᄃౌξ̼̝ม ۞ᙯܼĄ

3.ۤົጯ۞ҁ᜜ኢĈۤડ vs.ౌξ̼ĉ

ЯѩĂԧࣇࣃ଀Гซ˘Վޥ҂Ăᄃ׎ٲڪٺۤડώኳّؠཌྷ۞ۋ ᛉڪڮĂ׎၁̙тࢬ၆ۤົጯ۞ҁ᜜ኢĈۤડ vs.ౌξ̼ĉߏౌξ̼ Ğurbanizationğঐໝ˞ۤડ๜ĉ൒ޢĂឰԧࣇГᄮᙊг͞Ğдгğۤ

ડ۞ᅳાّᄮТĞterritorial identities of local communityğĄ

׎၁Ăགྷរࡁտଯᖙ˞ņ۩มᄃ̼̝͛ม۞ր௚ّВតŇ۞ᖎ̼ ᄲڱĈ

Ğ1ğ۩ม̙ົՙؠপؠ۞ҖࠎǕǕ

གྷរࡁտ۞ඕڍӘ෦ԧࣇĈ ņ׎၁̙ኢдՅརăݱξٕݱࢠĞٕ۰జᖙᛌࠎĈֲݱξĂ suburbğĂˠࣇౌົдг͞Ğдгğᒖဩۤ̚ົ̼ă࠹̢ᇆᜩĂ֭ ᄃዐاޙϲ੓ۤົშඛĄͽ̈́Ăͽг͞ࠎૄᖂ۞ᄮТĞlocally based identitiesğѣ੼ޘ̶ڡّᄃ̯ధкᇹྚᛖĄ۩ม̙ົՙؠপؠ۞ ҖࠎĂ˵̙ົயϠপؠ۞ᄮТĄˠࣇдۤົ̼࿅඀̚Ăಈᝌჸะ дۤડ௡ᖐ̚Ăᐌ඾ॡมயϠ˞ᕩᛳຏĂԛј˞ۤડᄃ̼͛۞ᄮ ТĄŇĞү۰ᛌĂࢦᕇࠎү۰ٙΐğ4 ЯѩĂયᗟ̙дٺՅརăݱξٕݱࢠĂۤົજࣶ۞࿅඀̖ߏೠ೪ યᗟ۞ᙯᔣĂࣃ଀ซ˘Վ̶ژĄ˵ЯѩĂ ņˠࣇυืણᄃдńۤົજࣶŅĞsocial mobilizationğ۞࿅඀̚Ă ൴ன֭ч᜕كѩВТ۞ӀৈĂ֭ͽߙ჌͞ё̶ֳكѩ۞Ϡ߿Ăາ

4_{Castells, Manuel (1997) The Power of Identity, Oxford: Blackwell, p.60.Ğआᝤ˝ăเᚊ}

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۞ຍཌྷಶѣΞਕயϠĄŇĞү۰ᛌĂࢦᕇࠎү۰ٙΐğ5 ٙͽĂ̦ᆃߏۤડ۞યᗟĂᄃ׎ٲڪٺۤડໄهώ֗۞ԛёّந ኢ۞ޙၹĂ̙тᙯڦۤົજࣶ۞࿅඀ᄃّኳĂ˵ЯѩĂۤડྻજăౌ ξྻજ۞ᛉᗟՀព଀ࢦࢋĂ̙҃дٺԛё˯۞ቑᘞડ̶ĂՀ̙ߏᅳા ͎ޘ۞યᗟĂЯࠎιࣇᙯܼ඾ۤડૈ˧Ğcommunity empoweringğᄃ ౌξજࣶĞurban mobilizationğ۞࿅඀Ąૈ˧ᄃજࣶ۞࿅඀̖ߏયᗟ ۞ᙯᔣĄ҃ٯԩّᄮТĞidentity of resistanceğ۞ޙၹــܳј˞ۤ ડᄃౌξ۞ԛјĄ఺̙ҭᙯܼ඾ۤડຍཌྷăౌξຍཌྷ۞ኬ̟Ă˫ᙯܼ ඾͹វĞsubjectğ۞ޙၹᄃҋ͹ّĞautonomyğ۞ኝᗟĄ఺˵ಶߏᄲĂ ۤડᄃౌξޙၹ۞ૈ˧࿅඀ᄃજࣶ࿅඀ߏ̶ژۤડᄃౌξ۞ᙯᔣĂЯ ࠎιᙯܼ඾ņۤડຍᙊŇᄃăౌξགྷរ̚ņξϔຍᙊŇ۞ԛјĄ

Ğ2ğۤડᒉౄ۞ૈ˧࿅඀Ăۤડྻજ̖ߏņۤડຍᙊŇ

ԛј۞ᙯᔣǕǕ

ٙͽĂۤડᒉౄ۞ૈ˧6_{࿅඀Ğcommunity empoweringăۤડᆧ݌}7_ă ۤડኬᝋăۤડᒉౄ8_{ăۤડჯᝋ}9_{ğĂٕ۰ᄲĂۤડྻજĂ̖ߏņۤ} 5

Castells, Manuel Ğ1997ğ The Power of Identity, Oxford: Blackwell, p.60.Ğआᝤ˝ă เᚊࠠඈᛌĂ2002ĂᄮТ۞˧ณĂέΔĈ࣫̋ĂࢱĈ69Ąğ 6_{఺ߏڌঔ̂ጯۤົրᅀࣣ۞ᖙᛌĄ} 7_{఺ߏวځ̂ጯ኎Ϡ჊Ӏࡁտٙͳᆧ݌۞ᖙᛌĄ} 8_{఺ߏέ៉ܕѐࢦࢋ۞઼छ߆ඉ۞ନᙜĂ˵Ξͽᄲߏౘ׎ݑдፉЇ͛ޙົઘ͹Ї؎ࣶ} ॡٙଯજ۞ņۤડᓁវᒉౄŇ۞ᖎჍĄΞͽણ҂ĈเᚊࠠĂ1995Ăາ઼छޙၹ࿅඀ ۤ̚ડ֎Ғ۞ᖼតǕǕņϠ׻ВТវŇ̝ኢ̶ࢗژĂέ៉̂ጯޙ᎝ᄃݱฏࡁտٙჇ ̀ኢ͛Ąۤડᒉౄ۞ࡻᛌĂώ͛ଳϡ̚රϔ઼ۤડᒉౄጯົ۞ᛌڱĂCommunity EmpowermentĂ఺˵ߏጯົјϲॡഅԠ६۞ޙᛉĂѩγĂౘ׎ݑֹϡ۞Community RenassianceĂٕߏдѝഇർϠϠгۡତ̚ᛌࠎCommunity BuildingĄΞͽણ҂ĈHsia, Chu-joe, 1999, “Theorizing Community Participatory Design in a Developing Country: The Historical Meaning of Democratic Design in Taiwan”, in Randolph T. Hester and Corrina Kweskin eds. 1999, Democratic Design: in the Pacific Rim, Japan, Taiwan

and United States, Mendocino Press, California: Ridge Times Press, pp.14-21.

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ડຍᙊŇԛј۞ᙯᔣĂ̖ߏņ由ҋд（in itself）到ҋࠎ（for itself） 的過程ĄŇĞआᝤ˝Ă1999:179ğ̶ژ఺ֱّኳĂԧࣇ̖ਕۢ྽Ăι ࣇߏࣹ˘჌۞ۤડĉ఺ֱۤົᙯܼ۞ܑனĂߏӎ่่ߏ̶ෘ۞ ņొ རŇĞtribesğะЪĂۤડĂ่่ߏ჌ͧྵ؎્۞ᄲڱ๜10_ĉٕ۰ᄲĂ ఺ॲώߏ൑ᙯͼ͹វ۞ޙၹĂ่่҃ߏ᏾ใ۞߆ڼፆᓂĉࣃ଀གྷϤซ ˘Վ۞གྷរࡁտֽаඍᄃஎտĄ ᓝּ҃֏Ăಶ׍វ۞གྷរࡁտ࣎९ĂέΔᎩາఄሄϠᒚዳੰܲх ྻ જ ̚ ٙ ޙ ၹ ۞ ņ ሄ Ϡ ۤ ડ В Т វ Ň ಶ ࣃ ଀ ࢦ າ ൴ ય ĞproblematicğĄ΁ࣇдۤડૈ˧࿅඀̚ޙၹ۞͹វĂᄮТ۞ߏ̦ᆃ ׸ĉາఄሄϠᒚዳੰܲхྻજ۞ᆊࣃ៍ߏ̦ᆃ׸ĉઇࠎౌξྻજĂι ۞ඕၹّຍཌྷ˫ߏ̦ᆃĉڦຍĂሄϠᒚዳੰܲхྻજ۞ᆊࣃ៍̙֭ߏ ૱֍۞̚யล৺۞ܲхᆊࣃ៍Ċ΁ࣇߏтңϤҋд۞႔ϠঽˠĂᖼ̼ ࠎҋࠎ۞႔Ϡۤડ׸ĉͽ̈́Ă఺࣎ۤડВТវܲх۞ޙၹ࿅඀̚Ăಫ វă૞ຽ۰ĞΒ߁ܦѐሄϠᓑ༖ăโ͘ोΙҘሄဥඈğă̙Т߆ᛨ۞ ϲ؎ࣇă઼γᓏ೯۰Ğт͟ώֽ۞Ẵّ۞ซՎޠरࣇğඈඈĂߏт ң൴Ϡүϡ۞ĉᔘѣĂι۞၆ϲࢬĂଂέΔξଥྻԊؕ௣˘Վ̙ឰ۞ ̍඀ଭޔ۞Ăᖎಏ҃௖ᇷ۞̍඀रຍᙊԛၗĂזέΔᎩ۞̙Т߆ᛨે ߆۰ăг͞ϔຍ΃ܑă͛ޙົăҖ߆ੰ۞̙ТҖ߆ੰܜᄃ߆ચ؎ࣶࣇĂ ׌ბ̝ม۞኏ࡎّ࿅඀Ăಶࣃ଀Ϳ௟̶ژ11_Ą ГтέΔᎩˬࢦξ۞ņˬࢦ۩࢕˘ՅŇĂд઼֨ొҁᖞாՅԼޙ ߆ඉ̝˭ĂՙؠࢋٵੵວዏĂд 2007 ѐዏொҌڕ፜ξ࡭நથ૞ܢܕ ۞ޙරາݱ઼шĄሤ͕۞ξϔဥវᄃாՅ௡ᖐ۰ࠎ˞ܲхாՅ۞ะវ ੃ጸĂ൴੓ņாՅ̼͛๩ડŇ۞ҖજĂᖣ඾ņ̳В۩มᘹఙГౄࢍ

ࠠඈᛌĂ2002ĂᄮТ۞˧ณĂέΔĈ࣫̋ĂࢱĈ10Ąğ

11_{έ៉̂ጯޙ᎝ᄃݱฏࡁտٙ۞Ⴧ̀঱ࡁտϠเෝЍ۞Ⴧ̀ኢ͛ಶߏд੫၆఺࣎࿅}

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൪ŇĂඉထņாՅฟܝŇ߿જĂଣ੅ܲх۞ඉர12_{Ąᄃົ۰೩΍ιࣇ}

ாՅགྷរĂࠤҌߏۤડγ۞ˠ೩΍۞ᄃாՅ̢જ۞ආѐགྷរĂ˘ֱࢦ ࢋ۞ሀёᄬ֏Ğpattern languageğ۞۩มགྷរĂּтĂдۤડ྆Ыฺ Ğcommunal eatingğ13_{ăдۤડ྆ჂᛇĞcommunal sleepingğ}14_ăдۤ

ડ྆ጯ௫Ğχ౫૟ğăдۤડܝ˾ٕߏۤડ͕̚ЭಅආᛨඈඈĂቁ၁ ਕԹҝВТវ۞ࢋचĂχજ͕ីĂ᝘۰જटĄࢦࢋ۞ߏĂ఺ֱВТវ ۞ݡኳĂ࠻ֽ̏གྷ̙टٽд΁ࣇ۞າۤડ̚ࢦன˞Ą൒҃Ă̳Вᘹఙ ߏ̼͛۞܅ѧĂߏ෪ᇈ۞ܑனĂࢋܑன΍ۤડВТវ۞ჟৠĂՀࢋܑ ன΍༊݈ņฟܝŇ࿅඀۞።ΫຍཌྷĄ̳ВĂߏņВֳ۞ŇĂņ̂छ۞Ň ຍޥĂՀΞͽܑன΍ņ̳ВŇĞpublicğઇࠎݱξჟৠ۞ξϔຍཌྷĂ ࢦၹξϔّ۞̳Вჟৠ（civility）Ă఺ॡĂՂߤĆ഑ঠপഇޞۤડ۞ ᙝࠧฟٸĂࢋਕटٽࡍ౅۞೩ᏹĂಶॾγѣຍཌྷĄ΁ͽԓᘷˠ۞གྷរ ࠎ͔ጱĂݱξĂಶߏܫ؇̙Тछৠ۞ˠдܠڍٛĞAgorağົࢬĂ҃ ჍņԧࣇŇĞweğ Ă఺ಶߏݱξĞcityğ۞ኚϠ15_Ą Гᓝ͟ώ۞၁ኹགྷរઇࠎᄲځ۞९ּĂϤٺጯੰ̝ม۞Ϲ߹Ăؼ ᘼщσٙଯજ۞˝эႩώг͞۞M-Port16_{ăִౌ۞U-Court}17_ඈםТё 12_{ˬࢦξாՅ̼͛๩ડᒉౄ̍ү̈௡Ğ2006ğĂாՅฟܝ}_ǕǕ_{ˬࢦξாՅ̼͛๩ડ̳} ВᘹఙҖજĂņ༊ۤડ༥˯ᘹఙࡁ੅ົŇĂέΔᎩ۩࢕ˬࢦ˘ՅĂ͛ޙົ̳Вᘹఙ Гౄࢍ൪Ă2006 ѐ 12 ͡ 23 ͟—24 ͟Ą

13_{Ξͽણ҂ĈPattern 147: “Communal Eating”, in Alexander, Christopher and Sara}

Ishikawa, Murray Silverstein (1977) A Pattern Language, New York: Oxford University Press, pp.696-700.

14_{Ξͽણ҂ĈPattern 186: “Communal Sleeping”, in Alexander, Christopher and Sara}

Ishikawa, Murray Silverstein (1977) A Pattern Language, New York: Oxford University Press, pp.861-863.

15_{Sennett, Richard Ğ1988ğ “The Civitas of Seeing”, Places, Vol.5, No.4, pp.82-84.} 16_{ؼᘼщσă഑ϖ։׌Ğ2000ğĂņϤםТҝшٙ֍͚ˠᄃᒖဩ۞ᙯܼኘВТاҝ̝}

ຍཌྷŇĂഅࡻୂᛌĂݱξᄃనࢍĂௐ 11-12 ഇĂ3 ͡Ăࢱ 259-294Ą

17_{ؼᘼщσĞ2006ğĂņ͟ώםТҝш۞јΑ࣎९ǕǕִౌU-CourtŇĂഅࡻୂᛌĂ}

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ҝшࢍထĂ˵எஎгӛ͔˞έ៉ТҖ۞ڦຍĂࠤҌĂؼᘼ˵ѣຍᙸд έΔଯજ၁រّ࣎९ĄM-Port۞८͕ຍཌྷߏMoyaiĂ႔фᆷјņਞŇĂ ߏႩώ۞г͞ྖĂࣧຍߏ޽૟௺ᄃ௺ᘭկĂ̙జ߹ͪ႓֕Ăؼҩ΍˘ ჌اϔ̝มكѩם˧۞ჟৠĄִౌU-CourtҌ̫̏གྷ͒ѐĂֶ൒Ϡ፟ ݎݎĄϫ݈Ăۤડ̏གྷ੼᛬̼Ă၆̣ᆸ੼૜ޘ۞ะЪҝш۞اϔ֏Ă ̏ѣொજ˯۞ӧᙱĂҭߏ̪൒఼࿅ણᄃ࿅඀Ăࡁᑢາᆧ࿪ୗĂᒉޙ൑ ᅪᘣ۩มĄ͒ѐมĂЯҝшԸ፟҃΍઴۰Ăд 48 ่͗̚ѣ 1 ͗҃̏Ą дણᄃёاϔనࢍ۞࿅඀̚Ă፬൴اϔ߉णّ࣎ĂݒਕᏉˢፋវĄޙ ၹ఼࿅ވ̰ވγ̢જ۞ቡ઎Ğቡುğăˢ˾ϛᙯăજቢనࢍॡ೩੼ዐ ֧֍ࢬ፟ົăͪѰგநăങॺ໰ᜪඈاϔᄮТ۞ᒉౄሀёĂͽ̈́ዐ֧ ̢ӄăםӄѣᅪᘣ۰ă׊ආม၆ρ̈۰໰ᜪĂౌ൴णࠎ૱ၗҖࠎĄ׌ ࣎͞९̙ԆБ࠹ТĂТᇹ۞ߏఢထᄃనࢍ࿅඀ม۞኏ࡎĂ҃ͅߏ˘჌ ᖼ̼۞ਕณĄᓁ̝Ăιࣇౌдҝшᚯ൪ᄃᒉౄ۞࿅඀̚ĂགྷϤણᄃ࿅ ඀Ъү፟טĂ૟̙ТќˢĂҝшࢬ᎕̙ඈ۞اϔૈ˧Ăԛј˞ۤડຏĂ ޙၹ˞ņۤડВТវŇĂ˵ኚϠ˞ҋࠎ۞ăѣ͹វّ۞ξϔĄ ઄т၆໰઼࡚۞ۤડనࢍᄃۤડྻજ۞າ൴णĂԧࣇΞͽ൴னĂ д 1970 ѐ΃۞ۤົྻજᄃ 1980 ѐޢன΃ޙ᎝૦੓۞ૄᖂ˯Ă઼࡚۞

າౌξ͹ཌྷĞthe New Urbanismğঙன18_{Ą၆າౌξ͹ཌྷд૞ຽࠧᄃ}

ጯੰ྆۞఺۵ࢲሗĂ̂኎ĆݣჯĞDavid Harveyğ۞ኳႷ౵ځϨĄа ᑕ઼࡚ݱξ८͕۞Ϟྋᄃͯᕝ̼Ăາౌξ͹ཌྷ෦ኜฏຓё۞ۤડĂֽ ྋՙౌξ۞ၑঽᄃۤົགྷᑻ۞યᗟĄҢᘲ֧྿э۞ঔᑺ̈ᗉĞSeaside,

FloridağĂ֤ਕ႕֖͛഑ĆΫ҂ӀĞVincent Scullyğ۞ഇ୕Ăࢬ၆ౌ

ξళ቎ᄃҝшયᗟĉιࣇ઄న͕̚ݱξ۞ዐ֧Ă׍ѣ˘჌ᄃϠֽ࣌۞ ዐ֧Ăݱξ۞ޫ༊ԛёಶߏዐ֧۞ඕၹĂዐ֧Ăඈٺ઼࡚ˠٙᙸᄃٙ

18

Ξͽણ҂ĈBressi, Todd W. (2002) The Seaside Debate: A Critique of the New

Urbanism, New York: Rizzoli; ᆒ Ξ ૻĞ 1997ğĂņనࢍᄃۤડĈ૞ຽ၁ኹ۞ۤົ

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ᅮ۞ۤડĄݣჯኳયĈ఺࣎ņۤડŇৌ۞ΞͽྋାԧࣇҺٺۤົ૪ ྋăۏኳ͹ཌྷᄃ࣎ˠ͹ཌྷăҋռҋӀăξಞפШ۞ల૏๜ĉۤડᓁߏ ၆̙Т۞ˠѣ̙Т۞ຍཌྷĂາౌξ͹ཌྷࣰጯٙ̚நྋ۞ņۤડŇזغ ߏࣹ˘჌ۤડ׸ĉ΁޽΍Ĉ၆࿅඀۞নћ֣͹ཌྷᄃ၆۩มԛё۞নћ ֣ԆБ̙ТĄ΁͚޺ଯજՀഈШۤົϒཌྷă߆ڼྋٸăϠၗઉБĂඕ Ъ۩มᄃॡม۞Ϡய࿅඀̝ԩۋĂ҃ܧᐵᄮࠎ̙צଠט۞ྤώ᎕௢ٙ ΐኜְ̝ăࠎล৺পᝋᄃ߆གྷᝋ˧ព඾̙πඈ͚ٙ޺ְ̝ĄඕЪг͞ ߆ڼ۞ۤડᒉౄ̖ਕ೩ֻߙ჌఺ᇹ۞ԩۋ۞ૈ˧ૄᖂĄҭߏĂາౌξ ͹ཌྷݒ̙ᙯ͕఺ֱĂιࠎ˞̙ᅮࢋ۞ˠᒉౄۤડ۞˘჌ຍ෪Ă׶ͽг ͞ࠎૄᖂ۞ξϔĞ̳Вğ᝭ๆᄃຍᙊĞcivic pride and consciousnessğĂ

҃ٸୢ˞ֱ֤ ņغᆸล৺Ň׻ྻ۞ˠ19_{Ąݣჯٙ޽΍۞ࢦᕇĂ˘݋д}

ٺࢦາኳયĈņߏ̦ᆃᇹ۞ۤડĉ̦ᆃᇹۤડຍᙊĉιߏтңĂͽ̈́ ࠎңజޙၹ۞ĉŇ˟݋Ăυืٸୢԛё۞নћ֣͹ཌྷĂ఺ߏ͒͵ࡔܐ ன΃ྻજĞModern Movementğٙޙၹ۞ன΃ޙ᎝ኢࢗĞdiscourse of modern architectureğ۞࡭׻ౝ֪Ą఺˵ߏતහᇇĆ๰͈ӀĞManfredo

Tafuriğ۞Įޙ᎝۞নћ֣įĞArchitecture and Utopiağ˘३ٙГˬ࡭

ຍ̝఍20_{Ą҃ݣჯᖼٙૻአ۞࿅඀۞নћ֣Ă˵ಶߏ૟నࢍᄃۤົ࿅} ඀ඕЪĂણᄃёనࢍ࿅඀ಶߏ˘჌ဘྏᄃ΍ྮ̝˘ĄдநኢᆸѨ˯Ă ఺˵ಶߏྜځܫĞFredric Jamesonğд੅ኢ๰͈Ӏٙ೩΍۞ņ࿬ޘޙ ᎝Ň̝ޢĂ၆၁ኹ۞ޙᛉĂ˵ಶߏٙᏜ۞۩มᄃۤົតዏ۞௟ᓀӐ Ğenclaves of changesğ21_Ą

19_{Harvey, David (1997) “The New Urbanism and the Communitarian Trap”, Harvard}

Design Magazine, Winter/Spring.

20_{Tafuri, Manfredo (1976) Architecture and Utopia: Design and Capitalist Development,}

Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. (Original Italian Edition 1973)

21_{Jameson, Fredric (1985) “Architecture and the Critique of Ideology”, in Ockman, Joan}

ed. (1985) Architecture Criticism Ideology, Princeton, N.J.: Architectural Press, pp. 51-87;˵Ξͽણ҂Ĉआᝤ˝Ğ1992ğĂநኢޙ᎝ǕǕഈШ۩ม၁ኹ۞நኢޙၹĂέ ΔĈ࣫̋ĂࢱĈ152Ą

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4.Б஧ౌົડાঙன۞າԛ๕ǕǕгા˯̙࠹ాᄃͯᕝ

̼۞ݱξĂᄃܑனࠎЧ჌̙ТԛёᄮТ۞ۤົྻજ

ซ˘ՎĂឰԧࣇࢬ၆༊݈ৼˢБ஧གྷᑻ۞۩มᄃۤົλតĂдາ ౌξ߆ڼ̝̚۞ۤડણᄃĞcommunity participationğ۞ۤົᄃ።Ϋ୧ Ітңĉࢬ၆შඛۤົĞnetwork societyğঙன̝າ߄ጼĂБ஧གྷᑻ ᚮۋᄃ̙Ӯඈ൴णĂྤώБ஧᎕௢۞ТॡĂᔘΒ߁˞͟႙ព඾۞ۤົ ͯᕝ̼Ğsocial segmentationğă۩ม࿣ᗓĞspatial segregationğăۤડ ॢ௠̼Ğgentrificationă੼৺̼ăෳ୉̼ğăۤົଵੵĞsocial exclusionğĂ ͽ̈́Ăღૺ۞ۤົᙯܼඈඈĂߏТॡăТݱξ֭х۞Ą˘͞ࢬĂБ஧ ౌົડાĞmetropolitan regionsă࿝ԛݱξĞmegacitiesğăݱξ-ડા Ğcity-regionsğăݱξཏăݱξాწડğтБ஧შඛ۞༼ᕇĞnodesğ ਠүϡĂઇࠎྤώྭࠧ߹જ̝гᇾĄౌົડા޷໰າ̍ຽ۩ม۞შ ඛĂྭ෸઼ࠧгซҖ઼˿ᅳા۞ГඕၹĄ߹જ۩มĞspace of flowsğ ซ˘Վࡍ౅ᄃᑅᒺ˞г͞۞۩มĞspace of placesğ22_{Ăֹ࢝ҋ͹ّ۞} ۤડซ˘Վјࠎ̙Ξаೇ۞ฏຓĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂгા˯̙࠹ాᄃͯᕝ̼ ۞ݱξᄃล৺ăّҾăّ้Шă୉ཏăᒖဩăࠤҌߏ؟ିᛉᗟ࠹۬ඕĂ ܑனࠎ̙Тԛё۞ᄮТ۞ۤົྻજ23_{ĄᔘΞͽซ˘Վ҂၅Ă఺ֱۤົ}

22_{ણ҂ĈCastells, Manuel (2000) The Rise of the Network Society, (New Edition) Oxford:}

Blackwell, ch.6.Ğआᝤ˝ăͳԠσᛌĂ2000Ăშඛۤົ̝૦੓ĂέΔĈ࣫̋Ăௐ̱ ౢĄğ

23_{ણ҂ĈCastells, Manuel (2000) The Rise of the Network Society, (New Edition) Oxford:}

Blackwell Ğआᝤ˝ăͳԠσᛌĂ2000Ăშඛۤົ̝૦੓ĂέΔĈ࣫̋; Castells, Manuel (1997) The Power of Identity, Oxford: Blackwell.Ğआᝤ˝ăเᚊࠠඈᛌĂ2002ĂᄮТ ۞˧ณĂέΔĈ࣫̋Ąğ; Borja, Jordi and Castells, Manuel (1997) Local and Global:

Management of Cities in the Information Age, London: Earthscan; Hsia, Chu-joe (1999)

“Theorizing Community Participatory Design in a Developing Country: The Historical Meaning of Democratic Design in Taiwan”, in Randolph T. Hester and Corrina Kweskin eds. 1999, Democratic Design: in the Pacific Rim, Japan, Taiwan and United States, Mendocino Press, California: Ridge Times Press, pp.14-21.

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ྻજధᏚ۞΍ྮĞalternativesğңд׸ĉࠤҌĂ˘ШߏኳႷ൴ण઼̚ छౌξপᇈ۞ࢮұ͹ཌྷନᙜĂ՟ѣξϔ۞ݱξĞcities without

citi-zensğĂౣ൒˵జोֽೡᘱ͒˘͵ࡔ۞Б஧ౌົડા۞পᇈ˞Ą ࢬ၆̙Т۞ᄮТޙၹ۞ԛёᄃ࿅඀Ăϒ༊ّᄮТĞlegitimizing identityğăٯԩّᄮТĞresistance identityğăࢍထّᄮТĞproject identityğĂдБ஧ྤੈ̼ྤώ͹ཌྷ۞᝕ཊ˭۞જၗត̼Ăࣃ଀ԧࣇஎ տ24_Ą

Ğ1ğ༊Б஧གྷᑻࡍ౅઼ࠧĂ઼୉઼छ۞֎Ғᖼ̼Ăξϔۤ

ົ˵࠹၆εΝҋ͹ّĂ఺ߏυืࢬ၆າ۞።Ϋ୧ІĄ

༊Б஧གྷᑻࡍ౅઼ࠧĂ઼୉઼छ۞֎Ғᖼ̼Ă၆ለ࡚ۤົ҃֏Ă ༊͹វజޙၹ۞ॡ࣏Ăι̙ГߏͽξϔۤົࠎૄᖂĂЯࠎξϔۤົ̏ གྷдྋវ̝̚Ăξϔۤົ࠹၆εΝҋ͹ّĂ఺ߏາ۞።Ϋ୧ІĄۤົ Җજــјࠎۤડٯԩ۞ؼܜ25_{ĄҌٺ၆έ៉఺ᇹ۞າᎸ̍ຽវ҃} ֏ĂξϔۤົϒдঙனĂݒυืࢬ၆тѩᑌԉ۞Б஧̼።ΫଐဩĂࢬ ၆ᄃ઼छม۞ᙯܼĂՀߏᄮᙊέ៉ਨॲۤડᄮТপঅّ۞ᙯᔣĂд఺ ჌ॡ๕˭ĂਨॲۤડՀυืᑖ଀ो॒ۤົᄃ઼छมᙯܼ۞̶̇Ą ೱ ή ྖ ᄲ Ă ਨ ॲ ௡ ᖐ ҬͼࢋਕԱז˘࣎Ᏹڱֽჯ ޺ ιࣇᄃ ઼ छ វט̝ ม۞ ҋ͹ّĄ఺ߏξϔۤົҋ͹ّ۞୧І̝˘Ąӎ݋Ă൴ ण઼̚छజᄮࠎņ՟ѣξϔ۞ݱξŇ۞পّĂགྷ૱ົౄј෪ᇈ߆ڼᄃ ಫវ߆ڼ౹ౄ۞ϔප͹ཌྷ߆ڼځߐĞ̙ኢᔴᛳٺࣹ࣎߆ᛨӮ൒ğᅅٽ ᝿פ˞ϔ͹̼۞ڍ၁Ą˘࣎௡ᖐԆච۞ۤົྻજд၆ԩϔපϔ͹͞ࢬ ѣధкӧᙱޞ˘˘ҹڇĄೱήྖᄲĂϔප͹ཌྷ26_{۞઼छΞͽϤঙன̚}

ࠠඈᛌĂ2002ĂᄮТ۞˧ณĂέΔĈ࣫̋ĂࢱĈ8Ąğ

25

Castells, Manuel (1997) The Power of Identity, Oxford: Blackwell, p.11.Ğआᝤ˝ăเᚊ ࠠඈᛌĂ2002ĂᄮТ۞˧ณĂέΔĈ࣫̋ĂࢱĈ12Ąğ

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۞ξϔۤົ۞˧ณĂᄃξϔݱξ۞ౌξጼᑄซҖٯԩĄ఺ಶߏ൴ण̚ ઼छԣిјܜݱξ̚Ăۤડᒉౄᄃۤડજࣶᖼ̼ۤົ۞።Ϋ֎ҒĄѩ ॡĂۤડણᄃд઼छᄃۤົྻજ۞ᙯܼมԷႊ˞˘჌֎ҒĂۤ ડ ણ ᄃ ߊдវט̝̰Ă˫дវט̝γү ϡ Ąࠎ̦ᆃ׸ĉౌξۤົྻજ۞ ϫᇾགྷ૱ߏౌξԼࢭĂ҃ܧࢭ׻Ă൒҃Ăιࣇ˫̙υ൒˘ؠົણᄃд ઼छ፟ጡ۞វט̝̚Ą఺ߏਨॲϔ͹۞˘ొЊĄۤડણᄃ۞፟טĂΞ ਕགྷϤϔ͹۞ ࿅඀ĂుՎᛖٸ˞ۤົ۞˧ณĂ˵ᖼ̼ ˞઼छĄ఺ಶ ߏགྷϤۤડૈ˧Ğcommunity empoweringğ۞࿅඀ᒉౄ˞ۤડĂޙၹ ˞ ξϔĂ˵Т ॡயϠ ˞ԧ ࣇ۞ݱξĞ citiesğĄ఺ ࣎ ·႕኏ ࡎăࠎ ᄮ Т ٙ ٛ Եᇧ ෘ ۞ ߆ ڼۤ ົ ࿅ ඀ Ăቁ ၁ Ξ ͽ ኳႷ ࢮ ұ ͹ ཌྷ۞ ለ ߷ ̚ ͕ ͹ ཌྷઐ ֍ Ă ͽ ̈́Ă ซ ˘ Վ ᄃለ ࡚ ซ Վ ጯ۰ ၆ ݱ ξ ᄃξ ϔ ۞ ໄهĂ ซҖ كѩ̝ ม࠹ ̢πඈ ۞Ă ።Ϋ۞ ᄃந ኢ۞၆ ྖ27_Ą ఺̙ϒߏԧࣇѝ੓۞ۤડྻજ᎕ໂЊ̄Ăٕ۰ᄲĂۤડᒉౄጯົ ۞᎕ໂણᄃ۰۞̍ү๜ĉ၆࿅Ν۞൴ण઼̚छ۞ݱξ֏Ăౌξ̼֭՟ ѣ૲ֽݱξᄃξϔ28_{Ą҃έ៉Ăགྷ።˞ˬȈѐ۞གྷᑻ൴णĂԧࣇೀͼ} ѣ˞ݱξĂԧࣇ˵ೀͼѣ˞ξϔĄ

Ğ2ğϒ༊ّᄮТயϠξϔۤົĂౌξજࣶயϠຍཌྷĂຍ

ཌྷ۞Ϡயߏݱξ̙Ξ৵৿۞̮৵Ą

ξϔۤົߏ˘इۤົ௡ᖐᄃ߆ڼטޘĂͽ̈́Ă˘ཏజඕၹ̼ᄃ௡ 27_{఺߱͛фߏү۰೩ֻගۤડᒉౄጯົშ৭۞͛фĂ೩ᏹ᎕ໂ۞ۤડᒉౄ̍ү۰ࢋਕ} ᑖ଀ो॒ۤົᄃ઼छมᙯܼ۞̶̇Ăઇࠎ።Ϋ۞͹វĂ̙̼ࡗࠎ߆ڼĂޙၹۤົ۞ ҋ͹ّĄआ鑄九，2003，“ࢋᑖ଀ो॒ۤົᄃ઼छมᙯܼ۞̶̇ŇĂۤડᒉౄጯົ შ৭Ă10 ͡ 15 ͟Ąwww.cesroc.org.tw

28_{Tekeli, Ilhan (1994) “The Patron-client Relationship: Land- rent Economy and the}

Experience of ‘Urbanization without Citizen’“, in S.J. Neary et al. eds. The Urban

Experience: A People-Environment Perspective, London: E & FN Spon, pp.9-18.ĞͳԠ

σᛌĂ1995Ăņाԕęַଂᙯܼăг১གྷᑻ׶ń൑ξϔ۞ౌξ̼ŅགྷរŇĂ۩มᄃ

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ᖐ̼۞ۤົҖજ۰Ăᔵ൒ѣॡߏͽ኏ࡎ۞͞ёĂιࣇГϠயᄃЪந̼ ׎ඕၹّ͚੨۞ֽ໚ĂӈĂϒ༊ّᄮТĄಶщڌκ๸ĆཀྵᜋҘĞAntonio GramsciğăοԓęॾᖡΙΦતĞBuci-GliucksmanğăતރĆߟΦপ ĞManuel Castellsğ˘ਔ۞ξϔۤົĞcivil societyğໄه̚Ăξϔۤ ົᄃ઼छ۞ᙯܼ̚Ăѣֱ௟ቜ۞நኢໄهυืᗃ୻Ăԧࣇۡତ͔ϡĂ ᄲځт˭Ĉ ņξϔۤົߏϤ˘ాҚ۞“፟ጡ”ĞapparatusesğٙԛјĂтିົă ̍ົă߆ᛨă̳ΦăϔมۤဥĞcivic associationsğඈĂιࣇ˘͞ ࢬؼᜈ˞઼छજ˧Ă҃Ω˘͞ࢬߏஎஎгॲ໚ٺˠϔĄϒЯξϔ ۤົ۞ᗕࢦّĂֹιүࠎ߆ڼតજ۞পঅᅳાĂЯѩ҃ѣ൑ᅮགྷ Ϥۡତ۞ڠ˧Խᑝܮೠ೪઼छ۞ΞਕّĄдξϔۤົ྆ĂࢋਕӀ ϡ ត જ ۞ ˧ ณ ف ڇ ઼ छ Ă ϒ ߏ ࢋ ࣅ ያ ξ ϔ ۤ ົ ۞ ט ޘ Ğinstitutionsğᄃ઼छ۞ᝋ˧፟ጡĞpower apparatusesğ̝ม۞ᙯ ᓑĄ఺ᙯᓑߏᒖᖒ඾Т˘࠹Ҭ۞ᄮТ҃௡ᖐ੓ֽ۞Ğтξϔ֗ Њăϔ͹ăۤົតዏ۞߆ڼ̼ă઼छ۞ᝋ˧̈́׎̶ࠁඈඈğĄд ఺྆ĂཀྵᜋҘ׶ћҹჯႬĞde Tocquevilleğ࠻ז۞ߏϔ͹ᄃξϔ

ّĞϔมّă̳ВჟৠğĞcivilityğĂѼᔁĆ౮ߟĞMichel Foucaultğ

ٕ഑ঠপĂ̈́΁ࣇ̝݈۞౪ҹ೻ĆᐒҹঔᐵĞMax Horkheimerğ ٕෲұĆ੺ऱҒĞHerbert Marcuseğ࠻ז۞݋ߏ̰̼۞͚੨̈́˘ ࣎ૻטّ۞ă൑मளّ۞ă׍ఢቑّ۞ᄮТ۞ϒ༊̼࿅඀ĄŇĞү ۰ᛌĂࢦᕇࠎү۰ٙΐğ29_Ą ˵ЯѩĂۤડ௡ᖐᄃۤົҋ͹Ăߏϔ͹ۤົ۞߆ڼ̼͛۞υࢋ୧ ІĂۤડᒉౄۤડજࣶ۞ࢦࢋّ˵̙֏҃ಔĂۤડຍᙊᄃۤડᄮТ۞ ᆊࣃᄃ̰ट˵ॾγࢦࢋĄ

29_{Castells, Manuel (1997) The Power of Identity, Oxford: Blackwell, pp.8-9.Ğआᝤ˝ăเ}

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Ğ3ğࢬ၆Б஧ྤੈ̼ྤώ͹ཌྷĂдშඛۤົ෍ᑢۤડ۞

ۤົ̢જ၆໰̝˭Ăజ࢝ࢦາࠧؠۤડ

ࢬ၆ౌົડቺؼ˭۞ౌξ͵ࠧĂБ஧ౌົડાΞͽᄲߏ͒˘͵ࡔ ۞າ۩มԛёĂშඛ̚۞г͞Ğnetworked placesğߏԧࣇࢬ၆۞າᛉ ᗟĄშᅫშྮĞ̢ᓑშĂInternetğ۞ֹϡٙԛј۞ቢ˯෍ᑢۤડ͔੓ ˞၆࿅Νۤડ۞ᘃᖞ۰̝ม۞჌჌᜜ኢĄдέ៉۞ּ̄ĂᛊтᄲĂņ૫ ๽๽ૄܛົŇĞTsuei Ma Ma Foundation for Housing and Community

Serviceğٙଯજ۞Į૫๽๽࿪̄ಡįĂ੨Ъ඾Ҝٺᘲ೻჊ྮˬ߱̂ጯ ֧۞૫๽๽ૄܛົ۞১ޏᄃວछᏙྙ̍үĂдĮ૫๽๽შྮ఼ੈįົ ࣶ̝ม൴೭˞෍ᑢۤડԣి็ᇫྤੈ۞үϡ30_{Ąۤડߏˠᅫมాඕ۞} შඛĂ೩ֻۤົϹـă͚޺ăྤੈăᕩᛳຏĂͽ̈́ۤົᄮТĄϫ݈۞ གྷរࡁտјڍӘ෦ԧࣇĂϤᅳાٙࠧؠ۞ۤડ֭ϏঐεĂҭߏĂιд ۤົᙯܼ۞ޙϲ˯ĂϤٺ۩ม۞થݡ̼ᔌ๕Ăֹ଀اҝг͞۞ࢦࢋّ ͟ᔌഴऴĂ҃̍үг͞Ğworkplacesğ݋࠹၆ࢦࢋ଀кĄ఺˵ಶߏᄲĂ اҝઇࠎ˘჌ѣຍཌྷ۞ۤົϹـԛё̏གྷు႙ё຋Ă൑ኢдݱࢠᔘߏ ݱξĂ͚޺ۤົϹـ۞ߏშඛĞnetworksğ̙҃ߏг͞ĞplacesğĄ ઇࠎۤϹّĞsociabilityğֽ໚۞۩มᙝࠧు႙ᖼொࠎઇࠎۤົ௡ᖐܑ ன۞۩มۤડĄЯѩĂБ஧ౌົડાᄃშඛ̼۞г̝͞มĂΑਕᄃຍ ཌྷు႙௲རĄᒢྋۤົ̢જ۞າԛёĂдٺࢦາࠧؠԧࣇᙯ͕۞ۤ ડĂͽ̈́ĂۤϹϠ߿۞ռˠ̼ᔌ๕Ă˵ಶߏξϔᄃ઼छ΃ّܑ፟ט۞ ෼ᗓ͟ᅈĂ࣎ˠϤ̳ВᅳાၣੜĂۤົϹـ۞າሀёܑனࠎშඛ̼۞ ࣎ˠ͹ཌྷপّĄڦຍĂд఺྆Ă࣎ˠĂࢦၹ˞ۤົ̢જ۞ሀёĂдາ 30_{૫๽๽ૄܛົ၁វ۞гӬߏĈέΔξ̂щડᘲ೻჊ྮˬ߱ 269 ޒ 2-3 ཱི 2 ሁĂშ৭} гӬĈhttp://www.tmm.org.twĂᐹ։ວछშĈhttp://move.tmm.org.twĂ૫๽๽ૄܛົ BlogĈhttp://blog.twblog.net/tmm/Ă࿪̄ܫቐߏĈE-mailĈ[email protected]Ă ͽ̈́ĂĮ૫๽๽შྮ఼ੈįăĮ૫๽๽࿪̄ಡįĄ

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ࡊԫ͚޺˭Ă౹ౄ˞ۤົ۞າԛёĂ఺ಶߏშඛۤົ31_{ĄٙͽĂԧࣇ} ࠻ז౹ຍล৺۞೩ڱĂ࡭˧ٺ౹ౄҋԧᄮТĂ̙҃ГߏۤડᄮТĄԧ ࣇ࠻זдέΔ̰സࡊጯ๩ડ۞ጯጯ̂ሁᄃጯጯ͛౹۞ኚϠĂѣຍޥ۞ ன෪඗̙дٺέ៉ྃିຽ۞ԩᛉĂ҃ߏдٺጯጯ͛౹ԯშඛۤົ྆۞ ౹ຍۤડ۞পᇈܑன˞΍ֽ32_Ą ٺߏĂࢬ၆Б஧ྤώ۞ࡍ౅Ăགྷᑻăۤົᄃ߆ڼ۞ᆐধᖼ̼࿅඀Ă ̶̙ݑΔ઼छٕߏӎߏ̏൴ण઼छĂѣֱன෪೼࿆൴ϠĂ͔൴˞ᄮᙊ ኢ۞᜜ኢĂυืநኢࢦၹĂॢ௠̼ಶߏ˘࣎рּ̄Ą͍׎Ă҂ณۤડ ۞ӀৈĂ่̙҃ߏགྷᑻ۞ӀৈĂॢ௠̼ಶߏ˘࣎ࣃ଀ᙯڦᄃ᜜ኢ۞ໄ هĄ

Ğ4ğ၆Б஧̼ਔඛ˭۞֨኎ّᄮТᄃॢ௠̼ᛉᗟ۞Гޥ҂

ࢬ၆Б஧̼۞࿅඀Ăг͞۞ˠϔགྷ૱ͽ֨኎ّᄮТᄃٯԩّᄮТ ࢬ၆̙Ξଠט۞͵ࠧĂٙͽĂॢ௠̼Ğgentrificationğߏ˘࣎གྷ૱జ ֹϡ۞фீĄ൒҃Ăॢ௠̼ώ֗ߏࢦࢋ۞நኢໄهҭݒ̙ߏр۞நኢ ନᙜĂιдфீ˯ѣ͉ૻ۞ࡻ઼።Ϋ۞Ғ૾Ą͛̚ᖙᛌдጯੰ֭྆՟ ѣ௚˘۞ନᙜĂࡶᛌࠎෳ୉̼ă੼৺̼҃ͅεΝ˞ࣧѣ఺ໄه۞ਔඛ ຍཌྷĂՀ૲ѣ͉ۡତ۞ఢቑّӣຍĂٕߏՀटٽజෛࠎߏҋ൒۞࿅ ඀Ă˵ಶ̙ົᛋᛇז఺фீ۞̼͛ăۤົᄃ።Ϋ۞ۋᛉّ˞Ąд౵ॲ ໚఍Ăॢ௠̼ᇷᜨ˞நኢइϡ۞ӧဩĄ ॢ௠̼д 1964 ѐࠎٛ೻Ćॾٛ೻ĞRuth GlassğࢵϡĂјࠎ˘჌ ᔳಔĂ੫၆ࡻ઼ฏՅ̚யล৺д 1960 ѐ΃૟ᝋ˧ᄃݡקΐኜٺ༊ॡ ݱξ྆۞౻̍ล৺̝˯Ăͽ׎ࠎள̎Ăዐ֧ཉೱĞdisplacementğĂԼ 31

֍ĈCastells, Manuel (2001) The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business,

and Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch.4.

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ត˞ۤົඕၹĂౄಶ˞ۤົଵੵĞsocial exclusionğĄ33 ॢ௠̼˘ෟ۞ࡻ઼ฏ௠Ğgentryğф໚Ăдௐαب۞Բҿгநጯ ઼ᅫົᛉ˯͔൴˞ሤধ੅ኢĄઇࠎॢ௠̼ಞѨ۞͹य͔ࣘ֏ˠ۞κ ႬĆΫ૜೻ĞNeil Smithğ޽΍ᄬ֏ᄃਔඛม۞ᙯܼĂ΁ᄲĂڱ઼۞ ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂдڱ઼۞ۤົᄃ።Ϋਔඛ˭ĂϡοႬಕֲ̼ྵࠎ໤ቁĄᄃ ົ۞ᇇ઼ጯ۰˵ᄮࠎтѩĂ͐ҘăҘ঱Ͱඈгጯ۰˵ౌಶ఺ֱфீ۞ ᆊࣃ࿰న۞߆ڼຍཌྷ൴֏Ąᔘ̙Ϊߏለ߷ώ֗۞ۤົᄃ።Ϋۋᛉ҃ ̏ĂࠤҌĂॢ௠̼ٙ޽ঘ۞ዐ֧ཉೱᄃۤົඕၹԼតĂд༊݈གྷᑻБ ஧̼۞ԛ๕˭̏གྷߏݑΔ઼छ۞ݱξ̶̙كѩౌົ࿃ז۞યᗟ˞Ăᛊ тᄲĂግҘ࣯ξಶϒд൴ϠĄ҃ᐷᇇ̂ጯĞLunds Universityğ۞ጯ۰ щᇇ೻ĆᐷᇇĆ႔ϠĞAnders Lund Hansenğ݋ͽ׎ିጯགྷរܑϯĂ ༄׏۞ጯϠ˵̙ਕೠ೪ॢ௠̼۞ຍཌྷĂ΁ޙᛉ̙тۡତჍࠎ۩มጼۋ Ğspace warğĄ

ү۰ᄮࠎĂ׎၁Ăॢ௠̼޽ঘۤົඕၹ۞ཉೱĂ˵ಶߏڀԓĆЕ ೺τႬĞHenri Lefevereğٙᄲ۞۩ม۞ϠயĞproduction of spaceğᙯ

ܼ඾дݱξ྆঻˭۞ᝋӀĞthe right to the cityğĂߏۤົล৺̙Тᝋ˧

Ğpowerğ۞۩มܑனĄ఺ቁߏ۩ม۞ล৺ܬரĞclass invasionğĂߏ

хдล৺Ϭ࠼Ğclass contradictionsğĂҌٺߏӎົ͔੓۩ม኏ࡎĞspace

conflictsğᄃล৺ጼۋĞclass warğĂბᏥۤົᄃ።Ϋ۞୧ІĂ̙൒Ă ಶ૟Е೺τႬώኳ̼˞Ą఺˵ಶߏᄲĂ۩มѣ൑ጼְĂᔘࢋ࠻ౌξඕ ၹᄃౌξ੽ۋ۞ᙯܼߏӎѣ͔ᘕ۞୧ІĂଂҋдזҋࠎĂล৺۞ҋᛇ ࢋ࠻።Ϋ۞୧ІĂ఺ᙯܼ඾ݱξ።Ϋ۞ซ඀Ă఺˵ᙯܼ඾ݱξ۞። ΫĄᚑॾгᄲĂ̍ຽ̼Ğindustrializationğăౌξ̼Ğurbanizationğౌ ᙯܼ඾ྤώ۞᎕௢Ăߏྤώ᎕௢дপؠॡมᄃ۩ม̚ซҖ۞࿅඀Ą˵ 33

֍ĈButler, Tim (2005) “Gentrification: A Rural-Urban Continuum?”, paper presented in the 4th_{International Conference of Critical Geography (ICCG), Mexico City, January}

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ЯѩĂౌξՀາĞurban renewalğăౌξೇ൩ᄃГ߿̼Ğrevitalizationğ ඈନᙜౌѣ߆ڼ۞ӣຍĂ઼࡚ݱξ̰ݱ۞౻̍ล৺۞ۤડĂٕߏ͌ᇴ ϔ୉ჸا۞ۤડĂߏజ̦ᆃ֎ޘෛࠎѪ˸ۤડ׸ĉߏٗгயຽ۰۞֎ ޘ๜ĉᅮࢋ߆ع۞Հາ߆ඉĉᅮࢋྤώ͔ڦ҃ೇ൩ĉᅮֹ͕̈ϡĂ͍ ׎ߏࢬ၆ֲ͉ݱξĂҌ͌ߏරˠݱξĂՀᅮࢋᔖҺ၆̙Т።Ϋ࿅඀۞ நኢइϡĂ఺̖ߏԛё̼நኢĞformal theoryğ۞ѪޒĄனдĂд͒ ˘͵ࡔ۞ጯੰĂ̏གྷޝᙱаז 1960 ѐ΃۞၁ᙋ͹ཌྷଐဩĂΪਕಏ৷ г໰ಏБќĂ҃՟ѣᛋᛇזιࣇٙ࿰న۞ఢቑّᆊࣃᄃ࠻̙֍۞߆ڼ ϲಞĄ఺჌фீ۞ጼۋĂߏ၆நኢ೼Тّ۞ጼ੽Ăߏኢࢗޙၹ۞ᝋ˧ ᙯܼޙၹĄ Ϥགྷរࡁտ۞၁ᅫ࣎९֏Ă၆Οᖹܲхᄃౌξܲх۞ନᙜĂᙯܼ ඾ܲхኢࢗ۞ޙၹᄃࢦၹĂ֤ᆃĂ̍ຽ᏷ய۞ܲхд 1970-1980 ѐޢ ۞૦੓ĂՀߏࣃ଀ࢦາޥ҂ιдБ஧ྤੈ̼ྤώ͹ཌྷ۞ᖼ̼࿅඀̚൴ Ϡ۞үϡᄃ၆̍ຽ౻̍۞ۤົଵੵຍཌྷĄ Гᓝ˘ּĂέ៉̂ጯޙ᎝ᄃݱฏࡁտٙ۞Ⴧ̀ϠోԠࣣ۞ኢ͛Ă ੫၆дБ஧̼ਔඛ˭έΔξϖ૵ۤડ۞ۤડྻજᄃۤડᒉౄ۞࿅ ඀ă̰ొ̶Ԏᄃ኏ࡎ۞ඕڍ೩΍યᗟĂۤડᒉౄᄃۤડྻજߏӎ͔൴ ˞ξಞ۞ņॢ௠̼ŇĉٕߏĂ͔൴˞۩มᄃล৺۞ጼۋĉٕߏ౵ޢĂ జٗгயξಞ͔ጱࠎྤயล৺۞ņТ̼Ňĉјಶࠎ๕̙Ξጿ۞ņБ ஧̼۞ඉரŇ׸ĉ҃г͞߆ع۞֎Ғ˫ѣֱ̦ᆃត̼׸ĉညϖ૵ۤ ડ఺ᇹ۞έΔξξ͕̚۞̚˯ล৺ۤડĂॢ௠̼జГؠཌྷࠎ۩ม۞Ꮙ ᄞĞspace etchingğĂᔳѣТ̼̝ຍĂϡͽᔳಔྤயล৺ຍᙊԛၗ۞Т ̼Ăͽѩ̶ژۤડྻજᄃۤડᒉౄٙౄಶ۞၁ኳᒖဩݡኳ೩̿Ăӛ͔ ˞੼ќˢொˢ۰Ăۤົඕၹ຋ӻԼតĂᄞג඾гഀĂͽ̈́Ă۩มঐ෱ ჟቜ̼۞ᔌ๕34_Ą 34_{֍ĈోҌࣣĞ2005ğĂ}_{Б஧̼ਔඛ˭۞ۤડᒉౄᄃॢ௠̼}_{Ăέ៉̂ጯޙ᎝ᄃݱฏࡁ} տٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą

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˟ăᇶॡ۞ᗫ೸઄ᄲ

έ៉۞ۤડྻજᄃౌξྻજ۞૦੓ਔඛĂϒߏдέ៉߆ڼϔ͹̼ ࿅඀઼̚छ۞֎ҒᖼតĂ೩΍ۤડᒉౄ߆ඉᄃ͹ૺ۞ॡגĂ఺˵ߏέ ៉ۤົ˧ณᛖٸ۞።Ϋ࿅඀ĂٺߏĂБ஧གྷᑻࡍ౅˭Ă઼छᄃۤົ۞ ᙯܼՀߏࣃ଀எտĄ ԧࣇࢬ၆̙Т۞གྷរࡁտኝᗟĂᄃགྷϤ၆ߊѣ͛ᚥ۞ሕᖟ۞ᄮᙊ ኢ۞᜜ኢĂͽ̈́Ăࠎ˞ᔖҺԛё̼நኢ۞इϡĂԧࣇΞͽ೩΍˘ᕇᗫ ೸۞઄ᄲĂઇࠎޢᜈࡁտ۞̶ژّ೩ჩĄ 1.̦ᆃߏۤડĉۤડᒉౄ۞ૈ˧࿅඀Ăۤડજࣶ̖ߏۤડຍᙊԛ ј۞ᙯᔣĂ̖ߏϤҋдזҋࠎ۞࿅඀Ą 2.ࢬ၆઼୉઼छ֎Ғᖼ̼ĂξϔۤົεΝҋ͹ّĂБ஧ౌົડા ঙன۞າԛ๕ĂЧ჌̙ТԛёᄮТ۞ۤົྻજঙனĂۤົҖજ ــјࠎۤડٯԩ۞ؼܜĄ 3.ϒ༊ّᄮТயϠξϔۤົĂౌξજࣶயϠຍཌྷĂຍཌྷ۞Ϡயߏ ݱξ۞ࢋІĄԧࣇ༊݈۞߄ጼಶߏтңགྷϤۤડૈ˧۞࿅඀ᒉ ౄۤડĂޙၹ ξϔĂ யϠ ݱξĄ 4.д෍ᑢۤડ۞၆໰̝˭Ăۤડߏˠᅫมాඕ۞შඛĂ೩ֻۤົ Ϲـă͚޺ăྤੈăᕩᛳຏĂͽ̈́ۤົᄮТĄاҝઇࠎ˘჌ѣ ຍཌྷ۞ۤົϹـԛёు႙ё຋Ă൑ኢдݱࢠᔘߏݱξĂ͚޺ۤ ົϹـ۞ߏშඛ̙҃ߏг͞Ą 5.၆Б஧̼ਔඛ˭۞ۤົඕၹԼតăۤົଵੵă۩ม࿣ᗓăͽ̈́ ۩มঐ෱ჟቜ̼۞ВТ้Шࣃ଀ᙯڦĄ

ˬăέ៉۞።ΫᑌԉǕǕԧࣇೀͼѣ˞ϔ͹Ăೀͼѣ

˞ΦڱĂೀͼѣ˞ݱξĂԧࣇ˵ೀͼѣ˞ξϔ

ͅ࠷߆ڼϔ͹̼۞።Ϋ࿅඀Ăԧࣇυืࢬ၆༊݈Ăέ៉۞ξϔۤ

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ົঙன࿅඀̚έ៉ۤડᒉౄᄃۤડຍᙊޙၹ۞ᙯᔣᅪᘣĈ 1.ࠎг͞Ᏼᓝ̶ෘ˞۞гۤ͞ົĂࠤҌߏՅ֧ܜᏴᓝĄ 2.ࣧҝϔొརĂ݋ߏࠎିົᄃᏴᓝкࢦ̶ෘ˞۞ۤົĄ 3.ܕȈѐĂ͍׎ߏ 2000 ѐͽޢĂυืҋԧኳયĈϔ͹߆ڼ̪൒ ߏ൴ण઼̚छ۞ϔප͹ཌྷĉᔘߏᏴᓝཆᇼĂࢦаַଂाԕᙯ ܼĉԺٕՀᒷĂజϤ߆ᛨᗞҒᖎಏ׌̶۞߆ڼຍᙊԛၗĂͽ ̈́ĂЯ઼୉ᄮТ۞̶ෘ҃ᇧෘ˞Ăࣣঙன۞έ៉ξϔۤົĉ ̙ࢋԞ˞݈͛۞೩ᏹĂ઼छ۞̰̼۞͚੨ᄃૻטّ۞ă൑मளّ ۞ă׍ఢቑّ۞ᄮТ۞ϒ༊̼࿅඀Ąέ៉۞઼छĂΒ߁˞гા઼छ Ğlocal stateğٕг͞߆عĞlocal governmentğтңņᅃጱŇᄃଠטۤ ડ۞֎Ғă߱͘ăྤ໚̶ࠁĂͽ̈́Ăᔳᖟ۞߆ڼϫ۞Ă఺ߏ઼छϒ༊ ّޙၹ۞˘ొЊĂߏࣃ଀έ៉ۤົҋԧኳႷ۞ĄּтĂ݈͛˘Гૻአ ۞Ăۤડຍᙊ۞ޙၹࠎңĉтңޙၹĉҋ͹ّ˫тңĉᄃ֧ܜ֎Ғ۞ ኏ࡎĂιࣇౌߏυืซ˘Վࡁտ۞ኝᗟĄ҃఺યᗟдࣧҝϔฏĂઇࠎ གྷᑻᄃ߆ڼ˯ऴ๕۞͌ᇴϔ୉ĂΪົՀࠎᚑࢦĄ Ҍٺϔපϔ͹ᄃ઼୉ᄮТ̶ෘొ̶Ăԧࣇೀͼυᅮࢬ၆ 2006 ѐ Яࠎ߆ڼᅳጱˠ۞ၑ९͔҃ᘕ۞ͅలჺ۞ࡓҒྻજܑٙன۞ਕณᄃ ຍཌྷĂώ͛дඕኢॡྏ඾೩΍˘ᕇܐՎ۞̶ژĄ གྷϤͅలჺྻજ۞൴੓ă෦Րᛉᗟăજࣶ࿅඀ăྻજ࿅඀۞পᇈă ᓏ๕۞੓ЄăΦڱטޘܑன۞˘ᕇԓ୕ăͅ၆ᛨ߆ڼਕ˧̙֖ͽԯ೪ ۤົ۞જ˧ͽࣆᅦБሹ̂Ᏼ۞ᑅ˧ײᑕͅలჺྻજăᄃ̝࠹၆ϲ۞Ă ે߆ᛨώ֗۞ࠁր߆ڼّॾᄃజӀৈཆߛĂͽ̈́Ă౵ࢦࢋ۞Ăᓁ௚۞ ߆ڼՐх੽ۋĂ૟׎̿੼ࠎώ˿߆ᝋ۞ܲ኎ጼĂඈඈ۞ܐՎ៍၅Ăԧ ࣇΞͽᄲĂͅలჺྻજĂ͍׎ߏܑனдņᖃཌྷຆऺŇ۞͹ࢋ෦ՐĂܑ ன۞ߏ၆ϔ͹߆ڼ઼̚छטޘჺୀ۞̙႕Ăߏϒ༊ّᄮТ۞ܑனĄ ԧࣇ̏གྷۢ྽Ăξϔۤົ۞טޘᄃ઼छ۞ᝋ˧፟ጡ̝ม۞ᙯᓑᄃ ᗕࢦّĄιࣇߏᒖᖒ඾Т˘࠹Ҭ۞ᄮТ҃௡ᖐ੓ֽ۞ĂдέΔ۞౶྿ ॾᜋ̂྽ᄃέΔͫ֘৭ٙะඕ۞જࣶਕณĂΞͽᄲߏ੫၆ϔ͹߆ڼᄃ

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઼छᝋ˧ͽ̈́׎̶ࠁౄј۞ჺୀĂଂ҃৔ᗼ˞ۤົፋЪ۞טޘĂซ҃ ᇆᜩ˞д༊݈Б஧ᚮۋ̚۞གྷᑻ൴णĂ๋चז͚޺ξϔϠ߿۞ۏኳᆸ ࢬĄд఺྆ឰԧࣇ࠻ז˞ϔ͹ᄃξϔّĞϔมّă̳ВჟৠĂcivilityğ ۞পᇈĄ ѩγĂдજࣶ࿅඀̚Ăͅలჺྻજώ֗Ă౅࿅јΑགྷᒉ۞෪ᇈፆ Ԙ35_{ăಫវ͔ጱăኢጪ௡ᖐă࿪ෛాቢ}36_{ăкಫវᄦүਕ˧ăშඛજ} ࣶĂΡಓ۞఺ֱշշ̃̃̏གྷߏშඛ྆۞࣎វĂྕтᅀࣣ۞៍၅Ăߏ ͛ځ̼۞ዦ᝘ˠĂҭߏĂՀߏ͛ځ̼۞֗វ37_Ą ࡓࢊ࢕ߏѣຍᙊ۞ͅೌଐ۞ྻજĄણᄃ۰ிк҃ளኳĂѣ۞ˠᝌ ڟĂѣ۞ˠԴ൴Ăѣ۞ˠᇙޤĂѣ۞ˠຮใĂ˘т࿅Νۤົྻજ۞። Ϋಞഀ˘ਠĂڪՒ࣌˭ĄҭߏĂͅೌଐቁ၁ߏВТ۞ຏᛇඕၹĄ ઇࠎࣆ޴ྻજ۞ొ̶ĂϤٺ჌჌ࣧЯĂͅలჺྻજ֭՟ѣјΑĂ ҭߏĂ఺̙֭Ӹᘣι೬ϯ۞າຍཌྷĄ΁ࣇߏέ៉ݱξ۞ξϔĄέ៉ξ ϔۤົঙன࿅඀̚ѝ੓۞ξϔĂྵኜ 1989 ѐ۞൑ҝޏྻજĂ֗ԛՀ ΐ୻೽ĂΡಓ͹វ۞˧ณ˵Հԛૻ̂ĄΪߏĂ΁ࣇ̙ߏࢮұீ̚۞ܕ ΃ለ߷۞ݱξξϔĂ΁ࣇߏშඛۤົ̚έ៉۞ҋ͹ξϔĄ΁ࣇࠎ઼୉ ᄮТٙౄј۞̶ෘ൏ᇋĂࠎϔප߆ڼ۞ፆԘٙౄјଐჰᇙޤ۞ξϔĄ ӈֹ 2006 ѐέ៉۞ࡓҒྻજͽεୀӘ௣Ăͽ̈́Ăጐგ̙Тٺᅀ ࣣ۞̶ژĂԧ̪൒ᙸຍࣄפᅀࣣኢ͛ٙ˭۞ᇾᗟĂ఺ߏņԓ୕̝ࡺŇĄ ԧࣇౌົТຍĂனдᔘ̙ߏ೩΍ඕԊᄃඕኢ۞ॡ࣏38_Ăѣֱયᗟ ̙ΪߏܨᅮϤགྷរࡁտֽаඍĂ׎၁Հᅮ၁ኹֽ።ΫгаᑕĄ఺ߏ߆ ڼᄮТ۞።Ϋᴼᗆᄃܛ⦏װĂߊߏέ៉ۤົ۞҂រĂ˵ߏέ៉۞߆ڼ ϔ͹̼ߏӎߏ࣎εୀ۞ϔ͹̼࿅඀۞҂រĄέ៉۞።Ϋ఍ဩ۞ᑌԉΞ 35_{ࡰΞഢԷႊ˞͹ࢋ֎ҒĄ} 36_{఺ొ̶ॲፂΙჯگд 9 ͡ 29 ͟ણᄃனಞኢጪॡ۞៍၅ĂԫఙፆଠȈ̶૞ຽĄ} 37 Ҍٺ޽య΁ࣇ՟ѣኢࢗĂ఺׎၁ߏඕڍĂ̙ߏࣧЯĄ 38_{၆ͅలჺྻજ۞੅ኢߏᄃӓڟษ੅ኢ۞ܐՎ࠻ڱĂ఺ߏ΁ϒдᇤᆷ̚۞έ៉̂ጯޙ} ᎝ᄃݱฏࡁտٙ۞౾̀ኢ͛۞͹ᗟĄ

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ͽϡņԧࣇೀͼѣ˞ϔ͹Ăೀͼѣ˞ΦڱĂೀͼѣ˞ݱξĂԧࣇ˵ೀ