DOI: 10.6165/tai.2013.58.257 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Newly Discovered Native Orchids of Taiwan (VI)
Tsan-Piao Lin(1*) and Yan-Ni Chang(2)
1. Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. 2. Nantou Forest District Office, Taiwan Forestry Bureau, Tsaotun, Taiwan.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +886-2-33662537; Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 27 August 2013; accepted 06 November 2013)
ABSTRACT: In this report six new orchids to Taiwan, i.e., Bulbophyllum confragosum, Bulbophyllum hirundinis var. puniceum, Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. shanlinshiense, Nervilia ratis, Oberonia linguae and Goodyera velutina var. albo-nervosa are presented.
KEY WORDS: Bulbophyllum, Nervilia, native orchids, Oberonia, Goodyera, Taiwan.
TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS
Bulbophyllum confragosum sp. nov.
斷尾捲瓣蘭 Figs. 1 & 2A Typus: Wei-Min Lin s.n. (holo TAI283130, Forest above the Te-Chi Reservoir, Taichung County).
Epiphytic. Rhizome 2 mm in diameter. Pseudobulbs 1~3 mm apart, ovoid, usually 8~12 mm long, 5~7 mm in diameter, usually with ridges when mature. Leaves solitary at apex of pseudobulbs, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at base, thick-coriaceous, 2.3~3.5 cm long, 9~11 mm wide. Inflorescence arising from base of pseudobulbs, about 10~15 cm long, ca. 2 mm thick, stiff; bracts ovate-lanceolate; pedicel and ovary 7~8 mm long, green. Flowers 2~3, green to greenish yellow, 1.2~1.6 cm long, similar to the flower morphology of B.
setaceum but with much shorter lateral sepals. Perianths
bearing curved white hairs; upper sepal greenish yellow but with green stripes, concave, ovate, 5.3 mm long, 4 mm wide in nature condition not including hair length, acuminate, with long cilia especially towards apex; lateral sepals meeting along their length, about 3.6 mm across at base, green, obliquely linear-lanceolate, 1.2~1.6 cm long, 2.3 mm wide at base, bearing extremely short hairs on upper and lower margins, tips always come to an abrupt brownish ends; petals obliquely oblong, greenish but deep red at ends, with red stripes, 3.8 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse at apex, bearing long white cilia on margins; lip attached to tip of column foot, deep red, thickly hornlike, ca. 2.5 mm long, recurved, disc glabrous, grooved centrally. Column whitish, 2 mm long, with 2 short stylids at apex; pollinia 2, each with unequal connate partitions.
Flowering time: April.
Ecology: This unique Bulbophyllum was originally
collected from trees growing along the mountain trail at about 1900 m from where one could overlook the Te-Chi Reservoir in 2008. The type specimen was cultivated until August 2013. In the same branch where
Bulbophyllum confragosum sp. nov. was growing, B. setaceum was also found. The B. setaceum has
pseudobulb about 2 cm long and leaf of 4 cm long and 1.5~1.8 cm wide which is larger than the new species has (Fig. 1K). B. confragosum sp. nov. was also found by Mr. Bor-Neng Shen (沈伯能) in Shanlinshi area bearing flower at an elevation of 2400 m in August in 2011 (Fig. 2B) indicating that B. confragosum sp. nov. has more widespread distribution then we thought.
Note: The epithet “confragosum” describes the broken/rough ends of the lateral sepal. The new species has similar morphology when compared to the B.
setaceum, especially the flower except the new species
has much shorter lateral sepals. It is easy to consider that the shorter lateral sepals result from insect damage because the ends of lateral sepals come to abrupt stops and brow in color.
Bulbophyllum hirundinis var. puniceum var. nov.
張氏捲瓣蘭 Figs. 2D, E & 3 Typus: Liangzu Chang s.n. (holo TAI283127, Xicun, Northern Cross-Island Highway, Taoyun County).
Epiphytic. Pseudobulbs about 1 cm apart, elongate-ovoid, usually 8 mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter. Leaves solitary at apex of pseudobulbs, elliptic to oblong, obtuse, cuneate at base, thick-coriaceous, up to 3.7 cm long, 8.5 mm wide. Scapes arising from base of pseudobulbs, about 10 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick, slender; bracts ovate-lanceolate; pedicel and ovary 6 mm long, orangish-red. Flowers 5~7, umbellate,
Fig. 1. Bulbophyllum confragosum T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang. A: Plant body and inflorescence. B: Side view of flower. C: Front view of flower. D: Upper sepal. E: Petal. F: Lateral sepal. G: Side view of ovary, column and lip. H: Ventral view of lip. I: Side view of column and column-foot. J: Anther cap. K: B. setaceum was found growing on the same branch.
Fig. 2. Image of the new orchids. A: Bulbophyllum confragosum T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang (taken by Wei-Min Lin). B:
Bulbophyllum confragosum T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang collected from Shanlinshi area (taken by Bor-Neng Shen). C: Oberonia linguae T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang (taken by Bor-Neng Shen). D & E: Bulbophyllum hirundinis var. puniceum T.P. Lin & Y.N.
Chang. F: Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. shanlinshiense T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang (taken by Bor-Neng Shen). G: Nervilia ratis T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang (left two plants) and N. tahanshanensis (right two plants). H: Nervilia ratis T.P. Lin & Y.N.
orangish-red, 2.9~3.5 cm long, perienths bearing curved orangish-red hairs; upper sepal orangish-red but whitish near base, concave, ovate, 6 mm long, 2.3 mm wide in nature condition, acuminate, with long cilia especially towards apex; lateral sepals meeting along their length or separate, about 2.5 mm wide at base, orangish-red, obliquely linear-lanceolate, 2.9~3.5 cm long, acuminate, sparely hirsute on upper margin near base, glabrous on lower margin; petals obliquely ovate, whitish but orangish-red near tips, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acute at apex, contracted at base, long ciliate; lip attached to tip of column foot, orangish-red but white on lower side, thickly hornlike, ca. 2 mm long, recurved from erect base, disc glabrous with 2 whitish patches, grooved, with a narrow groove on lower side. Column whitish, 1.5 mm long, with 2 slender stylids at apex; anther cap semiglobose; pollinia 2, each with unequal connate partitions.
Flowering time: June.
Ecology: This plant was originally found in broad-leaf forests of Xicub (西村), Taoyuan Co. at an elevation of 800 m by Mr. Liangzu Chang in 2010, and was cultivated to flower in June 2013. From numerous field trips made by Mr. Chang, this new variety has been located in many places of low elevations in northern Taiwan.
Note: The epithet “puniceum” refers to the crimson flower. Both hirundinis var. hirundinis and var.
puniceum var. nov. are characterized by the long
needle-like lateral sepals but differ in flower color. We list this species as a variety of B. hirundinis is because the flower of var. puniceum var. nov. has orangish-red lateral sepals but var. hirundinis showing yellow for most of the length. The pseudobulb is ovoid and the leaves elliptic in var. hirundinis while the pseudobulb narrow ovoid and the leaves oblong in var. puniceum var. nov. This new species is also similar to B.
electrinum var. calvum (Lin and Lin, 2009) which has
shorter and hairless lateral sepals.
Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. shanlinshiense var. nov.
杉林溪捲瓣蘭 Figs. 2F & 4 Typus: Bor-Neng Shen s.n. (holo TAI283128, Shanlinshi, Nantou County).
Epiphytic. Rhizome slender, 1 mm in diameter. Pseudobulbs 3~4 cm apart, elongate ovoid, usually 8~12 mm long, 4.5~6.0 mm in diameter. Leaves solitary at apex of pseudobulbs, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at base, thick-coriaceous, 2.2~3.1 cm long, 11 mm wide, but some individuals may go up to 6 cm long. Inflorescence arising from base of pseudobulbs, about 8~10 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick, slender; bracts
ovate-lanceolate; pedicel and ovary 7~8 mm long, orange. Flowers 3~5, umbellate, orangish-red, 1.6 cm long, perianths bearing curved white hairs; upper sepal orangish-red but whitish near base, concave, ovate, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide in nature condition, obtuse, with long cilia especially towards apex; lateral sepals meeting along their length, about 2.5 mm across at base, orangish-red, obliquely linear-lanceolate, 1.4~1.6 cm long, 2.7 mm wide, acuminate, glabrous on upper and lower margins; petals obliquely oblong, deep red, 2.3 mm long, obtuse at apex, bearing long white cilia; lip attached to tip of column foot, deep red, thickly hornlike, ca. 2.5 mm long, recurved, disc glabrous with 2 deep red patches slightly elevated, grooved slightly, with a narrow groove on lower side. Column whitish, 2 mm long, with 2 slender stylids at apex; anther cap triangular; pollinia 2, each with unequal connate partitions.
Flowering time: June.
Ecology: The type specimen was collected by Mr. Bor-Neng Shen ( 沈 伯 能 ) in broad-leaf forests of Shanlinshi, Nantou Co. between 1600 m and 1800 m on June 2013. Moderate population still exists in the native habitat.
Note: B. albociliatum (Liu & Su) Nakejima var.
albociliatum is very similar in many aspects to the B. albociliatum var. shanlinshiense var. nov. except the
lateral sepals are much shorter and round. In fact, var.
shanlinshiense var. nov. was considered as a flower
variation of B. albociliatum Lin and Kuo Huang (2005) and Lin (2006) bur was not given a new name. Also B.
albociliatum (Liu & Su) Nakejima var. weiminianum
Lin & Huang is similar to the var. shanlinshiense var. nov. but differs in the morphology of lateral sepals.
Nervilia ratis sp. nov.
三伯脈葉蘭 Figs. 2GH & 5 Typus: Shyh-Shiarn Lin s. n. (holo TAI 282381, Tahanshan, Pingtung County).
Inflorescence aboveground about 7 cm tall. Corms ovoid or nearly so, 1~2 cm across. Stem short. Leaves petiolate, polygonal-ovate, up to 6.2 cm wide and 5.4 cm long, acute, cordate at base, 5- or 7-veined, shiny and dark-green on upper surface, pale-green on lower surface, leaf emerges only after anthesis; petiole reddish-brown, about 5 cm long. Peduncle slender, with reddish-brown markings, with several tubular sheaths; pedicel and ovary 4.5 mm long. Flowers solitary or two, perianths not very spreading, 1.6 cm long, anthesis lasting for several days; sepals reddish-brown which is resulting from many reddish-brown tiny line markings, lanceolate, upper sepal 16 mm long, 4 mm wide in nature condition, acute, while the lateral sepal fused
Fig. 3. Bulbophyllum hirundinis var. puniceum T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang. A: Plant body and inflorescence. B: Leaves and pseudobulbs. C: Acute leaf apex. D: inflorescence. E & F: Side view of flower. G: Bottom view of flower. H: Upper sepal. I: Lateral sepal. J: Petal. K: Bottom view of lip. L: Top view of lip. M: Side view of ovary, lip and column. N: Ventral view of column showing the stigma and anther cap. O: Dorsal view of anther cap. P: Ventral view of anther cap. Q: Pollinia.
Fig. 4. Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. shanlinshiense T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang. A: Plant body and inflorescence. B: Apex of leaf. C: Inflorescence. D: Side view of flower. E: Upper sepal. F: Petal. G: Lateral sepal. H: Side view of ovary, lip and column. I: Bottom view of lip. J: Top view of lip disc showing 2 deep red patches slightly elevated. K: Ventral view of column showing the stigma. L: Ventral view of anther cap. M: Dorsal view of anther cap.
together, 16 mm long, 5 mm wide; petals similar to sepals but slightly narrower, 16 mm long, 2.5 mm wide. Lip white with purple markings, 16.5 mm long, 3-lobed; side lobes erect, small; mid-lobe rhombic, 1 mm long and 7.6 mm wide when spread out, not curving downwards, boat-like, margins in front more or less undulate, obtuse, disc with 1 longitudinal white low keel, basal part of lip with 2 parallel purple markings, hairy. Column slender, white, 6.5 mm long, not dilated, lower side covered with white hairs; anther cucullate; pollinia 4, without viscidium; stigma semiorbicular.
Flowering Season: March-April.
Ecology: The type specimen was originally collected by Mr. Shyh-Shiarn Lin in October 2012 and he noticed that the leaf morphology of Nervilia ratis sp. nov. was different from N. tahanshanensis which was now known common in this area. The cultivated plants came to flower in April, 2013. This species is restricted to Tahanshan, Pingtung Co., at an elevation of about 900 m. So far only a small population has been located.
Note: Epithet of species name indicates boat-like lip blade. We noticed under cultivation condition, leaves of
Nervilia ratis sp. nov. are much lightly green in
developmental stage when compared with N.
tahanshanensis, but the color does not show any
difference at mature stage. Flowers of N. ratis are similar to the N. tahanshanensis and N. taiwaniana but differ in having much wider lip blade and fused lateral sepals. The fused lateral sepal (Fig. 5F) has never been found in other Taiwanese species of Nervilia. Leaves of the N. tahanshanensis usually have relatively acuminate apex and a sinus about 90o in the basal part of the leaf, while N. ratis is characterized by the relatively wider leaves and a U-shaped opening in the basal part of the leaf (Fig. 2G).
Oberonia linguae sp. nov.
圓唇莪白蘭 Figs. 2C & 6
Typus: Wu-Si Wei s.n. (holo TAI283129, Shanlinshi, Nantou County)
Epiphytes. Plants tufted, upside down. Individual plant or stem usually not longer than 5 cm and about 2.7 cm wide, flattened. Leaves linear, usually smaller than 2.2 cm long, 4 mm wide, acute, greenish tinged with reddish-brown, very laterally flattened, the lower ones sheath-like, without visible joint at base. Flowering stems slender, up to 7.7 cm long, densely many-flowered. Bracts ovate, as long as pedicel and ovary. Flowers about 1.3 mm across, transparent or very light orange except orangish-red lip; perianths round, subacute, about 0.6~0.7 mm in diameter. Lip orangish-red, 0.8 mm long, 1.3 mm wide when spread out, 3-lobed; side-lobes basal, irregular erose on
margins; mid-lobe cuneate at base, not bilobed, usually tongue-like. Column short, white; pollinia 4?. The middle flowers open first, and the basal flowers usually last of all.
Flowering time: August.
Ecology: The type specimen was collected by Mr. Wu-Si Wei (魏武錫) from Shanlinshi area at elevations between 1500 m and 1600 m in 2012, and was cultivated to flowering in August 2013. In fact, another independent collection was made by Ms. Shu-Ying Huang (黃素英) in the same area on 2012. Moderate population still exists in the native habitat. According to Mr Bor-Neng Shen (沈伯能), Oberonia linguae sp. nov. grows pendently in a tuft containing about 10~20 stems on trunk about 6 meter height of broad-leaved tree.
Note: This species is very similar in vegetative part to the O. falcata and O. arisanensis but differs from them in the tongue-shaped mid-lobe of lip. No obvious bifurcation of the mid-lobe occurs to every flower in an inflorescence. The credit of discovery of Oberonia
linguae sp. nov. is attributed to Bor-Neng Shen because
he was able to see the entire mid-lobe with his eyes and professional knowledge of native orchids. O. linguae sp. nov. is also characterized by the very light orange color of sepal and petal which sometimes look like white, and only lips are orangish-red (Fig. 2C). This is very different from other Taiwanese Oberonia species that all perianth parts are greenish or orangish-red.
Goodyera velutina var. albo-nervosa var. nov.
斑紋鳥嘴蓮 Fig. 7 Typus: Shen-Kun Yu s.n. (holo TAI283131, Xiang-Yang, Southern Cross-Island Highway, Taitung County).
This new variety is identical with Goodyera velutina var. velutina except the net-like markings on upper leaf surface. Leave usually do not larger than 2 cm long 9 mm wide in nature condition.
Flowering time: August‒September.
Ecology: The type specimen was collected by Mr. Shen-Kun Yu ( 余 勝 焜 ) from Xiang-Yang area, Southern Cross-Island Highway at an elevation about 1900 m in September 4, 2013. However, G.
velutina var. albo-nervosa var. nov. was discovered by
Jianhua Huang. Dozens of plants were observed in the native habitat. Population of var. velutina was found from a distance about 100 m away from the var.
albo-nervosa var. nov.
Note: This variety is identical in flower morphology to the var. velutina but differs from it in the leaf markings.
Fig. 5. Nervilia ratis T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang. A: Inflorescence. B: Leaf. C: Flower. D: Top view of flower. E: Upper sepal. F: Fused Lateral sepals. G: Petal. H: Side view of column, lip and ovary. I: Top view of column and lip. J: Lip in nature condition. K: Cross-section of lip. L: Side view of lip in nature condition. M: Ventral view of column and anther cap. N: Ventral view of column after removing the anther cap. O: Ventral view of anther cap. P: Side view of anther cap. Q: Dorsal view of anther cap.
Fig. 6. Oberonia linguae T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang. A: Plant bodies and inflorescences. B & C: Front view of flower. D: Top view of flower. E & F: Bottom view of flower. G & H: Lip after spread out. I: Lip in nature state. J: Lip apex of I after spread out. K: Front view of column to show anther cap and pollinium. L: Top view of column and anther cap. M: Dorsal view of column to show the stigma.
Fig. 7. Goodyera velutina var. albo-nervosa T.P. Lin & Y.N. Chang. A: Plant body and inflorescence. B: Leaf with net-like markings. C: Ventral view of flower. D: Side view of flower. E: Top view of lip, column and anther cap. F: Side view of lip, column and anther cap n. G: Lip. H: Top view of column and pollinia. I: Top view of column and slender rostellum without anther cap. J: Side view of column and anther cap. K: Pollinia attaching on a long visic disc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to express our thanks to Bor -Neng Shen, Nantou Forest District Office for his dedication to native orchid hunting. Without his efforts the discovery of many orchid species in central Taiwan was impossible.
LITERATURE CITED
Lin, T.-P. and L.-L. Kuo Huang. 2005. Bulbophyllum albociliatum (Liu & Su) Nakejima var. weiminianum and Flickingeria shihfuana, Two New Native Orchids from Taiwan. Taiwania 50: 290‒296. doi: 10.6165/tai.2005.50 (4).290
Lin, T.-P. and W.-M. Lin. 2009. Newly Discovered Native
Orchids of Taiwan (III). Taiwania 54: 323‒333. doi: 10.6165/tai.2009.54(4).323
Lin, W.-M. 2006. A Field Guide to Wild Orchids of Taiwan,
vol 3. Tien-Hia Wen Hwon, www.bookzone.com.tw. Taipei. p. 12.
臺灣新發現的野生蘭（VI）
林讚標(1*)、張燕郳(2) 1. 國立臺灣大學植物科學研究所，106 台北市羅斯福路四段 1 號，臺灣。 2. 林務局南投林區管理處，草屯。* 通信作者。Tel: +886-2-33662537; Email: [email protected] (收稿日期：2013年08月27日；接受日期：2013年11月06日)
摘要：本文介紹6種臺灣新發現的野生蘭（斷尾捲瓣蘭、張氏捲瓣蘭、杉林溪捲瓣蘭、三伯
脈葉蘭、圓唇莪白蘭、斑紋鳥嘴蓮）。
