週休二日制課題之探討

全文

(1)-6S. '*'**. tf 4t :!ft f~ .!f4 4t: :!ft ~y [ftI./I: ~nt fl! .!f4 4t: :!ft -r. §Ii , ~f:FtPf);1I:PJ&aMI~.fj , Ir~~OOE:Elmft!~flt.ij:f{:o!i§li&aI~.fj~$ ~~n!jf;g~4ll~~~:rai!td~£HI /¥;1j;liI§lins£a~wbl:&aI. '. '. ~*::f!i.fj. ~Jmj;({j§li.fj. ,l.,k 4iH4 t=.t -=-*}{iF , 1f 1If. 0. 0. 0. ~ y i!' li1 fit ** =if"¥ ~!, ~ l' II * 0. iBf~.Iffl/¥;1q::. llif51f);1~,{~Uit¥:lfns£.aI&afgJ'iit. ~J£f);11I~ f{:o!i§lins£~. '. M~MI. . . ~-~Iw&aI. t=.t M-r $.1t ~.!f tflI ~ M-r ~ 'f' Iii1 t=.t -t. -W.J. -* it. t.P if ' 1f!* i5 -1ti'1Sk-t. t=.t y M-r{iF-ff-!-f?f!~y ,. ~ 'f' Iii1. +Iii1 ~~qw tflI ~ :ty-r{iF. -ff-W~.~'~~~',l*~o~t=.t-=-*{iF',lW.U.~~ • •¥~.~~. "f/*..r·!f~"*I~W}.,k.!f4~aI'. ~&ll o-!-f.,k~*~~~1it:4ti!,1iflf'. .J.lf..J-r. Y~.',l~.Dli1I1~.J.-*'t.PWo~.~~*~~.~¥.Dli1~~1it:4t. i!,1iflf.,k T,,**~-r~~Yf4 t=.t YM-r{iF-ff.,l ,. .yf~4'J*:tr.fJt1#. .f>1.~Y}!:. 0. W~D*-W.r.~~lIfJ~r',l~lIfJ'" r',l~.JlIf~.[ftI~4'J~ t=.t-::-*{iF~W~~*~,,*'~.4'JW[ftl*"¥..J~~~.~t=.t-=-*{iF*a~.

(2) ~~n~W~~*~.om~z,~~~n~~I~~~~~~~~*~.&~~~~~' ~~?i&~~~n1L~~~1L. 0. ~~~'±'Wg,. r 1~I)i .. ~I~ J. '. 0. lli*~Jm~n~~~f:*=B~:aff!~.:fj{IjI¥J~~' RP~a}l~g, ~1i~I~rt:l,;m~{~1HI1*¥U~ ~~nll~. ,. ~~J!w&¥tj!lm~~IIJ£~I¥J.~~lli:w.m~itJ7frtl¥Jlfi:t. '. ~1It. m=fin~!. W r fiSJI)i ... ~I~ J BP~~I~~*' EB~m:1'rd]~.;fO~*~~tJjA' .~~*fJj~{jfg.'g~~~. '. +.¥.03+ 031J\tI'if: cp~f~ § ~ , it1:. ~ffi1iIZ'~'. fF:1'tiX:~~. 1IJ$1fitl .. ~)iHIIJ1HI1*;fO!Im~~IIJ£[email protected]:i*~iM'~f:*= B iliU~;f§IHI~M. 0. '~iJ1iBI1. m). lI~fD~IIJ~tJj §3)1-'it1~. ~ti~f:*=Bilitl'*~*?i&~~m~~~m~~;m~~iM':_~r~:a.:fj{IjJ~f:*=B. ilitl '. =~. r tll]{IlJ1tE1IJ J ~f:*= Bilil] , =fllJ~ r tlO{IlJ3(~F J ~f:*= BiliU '. 1¥J'l':fj{Ij&*~rd],¥3(~F-m~~iM'. m~~... '. :;!ii~ftEB~f:*= Bilio. ~{~1ig~~f:*= B ~I~ilitiittf!H;!t-jG~l¥J~aA. ' J!1ig. *~~lfi:t~iM'~ml~'*?i&~~~~~~~li@J~~:~~~m~I~.~~~m;fO mrr~IIJ1L$~~I~m~I¥J~~'§~~~~D~f:*=B~~mrr$~m~T~~rrl¥J'. f.Mmr~Wbr.im~~~~. ,. ~. , ~ljlEm-ItI'if. /\+,. , ML~lli:W.*B!Im*~f9lJ ' ti~f:*= BfliiJI¥J1tEIIJ~~Mt § 0tmr~~fJ B ~f:* B l¥J~rd],¥3(~F~ff!~.~~Jll;)]'{. ::t1~tJlfi:t!lm~~IIJ£~f[Jlli:w.NJj7frtm~. ; mllB~JlIJ5.1iUiflilI~~~B~lli:W.NJj. 7frt ' ~f:*= B iliUl¥J.:fj{Ij~~M§~~~~~I~l¥Jm~ : A'l1&JliJ~*~l¥J*sffi1iIW9tifl. 0. ~34). ~m~lIJ~. , ~1J~f:*=BiliUI¥J.:fj{IjJ!~*~~ : m-~JlIJ~gU;fJf0". : m=~IJ~Jjt~~f:*= B ilitlfnffj'l':fj{Ij~ , WJ&ml~. ~~lIlmWb~n ~~lEm-I~~. "~~n~1tEIIJ.~f:*=B~~-@JAml¥J~~n~o. {EI~:;s1iglfi:tI1'F~rd]~jl1it~~. 1*m~IIJ$~~. r~I~BIf'f:. 00 ' Ji'±'~I~. B *~lf~~ it 0 •••••• 1lW~:it! 0. ~1IJ£~tt. m.. ~«i~fl!E{j. 1itit!!~'lf.IHI~ IU!it!!~. 7£. 0. ,. ~f:*= BiliURP~~~I1'Fli Bilitl. -~~~1'FliB '1gaI~BP~~& 'W~~i!!!l. lf~1i7(~I1'FB cp. (Vtlo '. ¥U~~~I~8Z§l¥J ~~~1ig~fii1l¥J'I"7£ ~-Wlj. W~~I1'FliB ilitll¥Jil1'F~mfi~1ig'M. '. ,. '. 0. (lE1lt). ~~l¥Jn~Z-71~&cpCf-f*,~,~ra~. I1'F~~~1JotJ~~2fS:t$]~. .. ~1&~1)f~~). :;S.:fj{Ijm~~I1'Fli BiliU. '. 0. PJ~!Im~~1'FIlB+!\IJ\~l¥JlE1ltI~. Yllj~ 8lEmI~~~9.6/}~. 60. I1'F~IfJ:~~tl. D~it!! '. ,tJ~. m~' ~U~~I1'FliBiliU~1*-~?1ln~' ~~~IIJ:1'm1ig. jf§ffij1f~.~IIJ~tJjl¥J~fl. ~1~m~':::'/NI~. : :;s¥}1JO~~~ItI'if (RP1Jo. Fd]J. I. 0~ (199. ~:iE:~' ~*7.

(3) .. -19. ~I~~. ~'~~MI~'-U~~~-~.~U~Yrm~~'YI~lli~~~m~~~~'~~~. nfttllI). Oil J : M1-ii~}Ei]ii~0~ , -U1i1. r. 0. •••••• ,. : f!:r~}=ii~0~ 0. ~!N/V+Ei]~~ib±jH#. 5!!1f¥~~Ifi. '. ~N/V~~ib± El. afJ,U~~. flt»SJY1:t~:fF0M:E} J. (1i¥0¥/fi-ii '. 0. l661 ) ~0 r bElJ. ~. ~Y-1'. ~MI~IJ~mI~~mrn~~WlfEf!:r~~~I~~~fi~~~~~m~'~~w. r. ~+Ei]+=~~ib±4i~MI. (I. ~f$f:s:iz.. fu'W- , ~\r/=~fiib±El-I.1f : ~\r/¥+Ei]~~ib±4i~MIfu'W- , ~\r/=~fiib± 8-I~'~~MI~~~~o~~~~~MIZf!:rW~+=ii~ib'~~~nm~~~~ ~~w. ' ~~I~~.I»SJ~~ , ~iZi'i1'ZMI-U'frrrJ~MI~~;Ft1t ' MI9£!tlt~~~ .. m. ~Efl~*}n!;Ji*Efl J. : f!:r~~}~.m: '. f!:r~~~I~~fi~i!ifnlf~}=+;:::ii~~~~~. o fHJi$~ El !EMIi1.D.:z.r}m~1fhfHM¥~~~~~~}+-=-ii ' ~~\r/v+Ei]Y-1ro4i~MIi1~. ~~~ ....... ~\r/=~~ib±8~' 4i~ZElMI'iilt~~t1~~. 0. 11 J:[(:w~i.. MI'iilt~~t1~'4i~MI~~Z8-~~~~ib'~~~~~~I~~.I»SJ~~'~. ~ifm.~. El. ~MI~~M1Illt. 0. 0. 0. ~\r/V+Ei]~fiib±4i~M~' ~\r/v~mib±~~MI8~I~J. :f!:r~~+-=-ii~~~~~'~~;:::ii~~~~fuf!:r~~~I~~~fi~~~~~m~. (~I~&!tt!~) ~~fHJ~MI~I~:z.r}m~~m£~~Y-1*}~I~~nlf. M¥bJSW. .. 0Y*~*. (17£][' +V. ;g , ~~!If~) o.. '. , ~Mfu. ~. ~filli~~~~~tB' ~If!:r~~:z.rtm~~~' f!:r~~~I~~f!:r~~~ib±~I~~f!:r1i¥ '~M:z.rtm~~~lli~~~~~~fiof!:r~4i~~~~~~MII~fi~~~~.~~~ ~~~Y-1fHJZ~iii~~I!lHtnlf~I~~f!:r1i¥ ~I~~f!:r~. 0. '. f!:r1f¥~N~~~~!MrrJ~MII~fi~~~m*f. ~~~*~-~i!i~~~I~~f!:r~m~I~~f!:r~~~\IY1tm. ' -Ug:. afJ,9[ ,. !{8. p.$El=*H 8=)iji1·. o ~.~4i~I~~~i1~~t1~\IY!M.~p.$El!EMIi1~ , M?&~rnjt~~D:t~1f ~~~~.*~'M~o4i~~~Ii1~~~~.~~~'i1'±WElMIW~.'~~~. ~~~~.::. on;J~~U~4*iffm'I¥Eli5!~rit ~~~}D:Ui~l1p.$~I~i1~~Ji~. 0. m:~.±I'f~~~~~~fi. '. ~E~~~~\r/Ei]+Ei]~+. ~n~*}n~ o. :f?*~~. Ei]~<f/~4i~MI~~W~' <f/~§fm4i~I~iffEiJ' El!EMIi1~~nlf~~Jl=ii o :m±~fu±'n~~~~~' ~IH/9'Zl~fu~~ifrrJ~MIEl~nlf'. (itt. .M itf:? IifilliHI$S =tt i'£.

(4) ~;litfiI{'f:fjF:f. • ~I{'F11:.&:'~Ifl:F1!I)Jit£'I{'f:~ , ~um=~PJT~ZI{'f:fF-frm ~.N~li~fi. .m~. , tl~H~zp::I$]I{'F~rd1 '. {~:. r-. "m=~ZmJE. ::ft8s~~11.+1\/J\~. .~. , :fJ!1. (W~~IfF-f~mJE) ~iH0m11.. rm~I{'FIm-. ' :t£~Jj~mIDW6~::ftfl5~fflfF-f ' JtU:t£~flmID ' IAbtJmj:llmrdl. 11. E3 ~tl tE1lt'. PJT~JZ~1#~~r:pZ~BI{'f:lJifrdl~ibbt0. 0. J. ' tp;.¥'IDJi&mf~<tM& '. ~JJiibbJEt8sff1!mZ5&JJ. = " {E!:t£~JJiibbJEPJTn~~rdlp;j , lt~~~zp::I$]I{'f:lJifrdl::ft8s~~Im+J\JJ\1Jif. 0. J. 0. (t0JEI. 0. ~~5z~. 0. ltt~. B~II~~~I. IJifmJE::ft8sMM!1!JEIlJifmJE:) ~.;rujzjj;. , 11JtJt8s~tltJ~~"ftJ}! :. m-" :t£IlJifmJEx-' ~iU~IIJU1!PJTilM~~~:l! riiBI{'FJ\lJ\IJif" m~I{'f:Im+J\ IJ\1Jif J. ~£~. mfB. ~l.~0t0'. 0. , ffil*tfI5i1M r ii~{'f:Im+/J\fF-f J 0t0 ( 1935. a:;!fJJ:JtUI¥iJf1iilt ' fl1J~·"···. 0. ' mlm+-t;~0t0) ~. ~Jf:~f;t. r fLttt<l~j}t0~iU~~IiI._1fJtiU~~,*~W6 : ~~Im+/J\. +/J\a:;!fI{'f:~. f9j*lt~*::f¥~{~~mfjrt. ; 11Jf*J&~tlI!frJ. Ii' ~~ltt §. m.=. " ~1IJ£~1!Wtp;.~~Ia:;!fl¥JmJE~tp;.j[~ ~ffil. '. l¥JJJ:~U. .~~,. 0. m.iU~0t0m-~mIm1~m-JJi~m. 0. JE' 11JtJ 71W~~Ia:;!fm~::f1i.m~J\/J\a:;!f 0. Rlfiffltlll J'1 ~tl~Jf:~~Of~. J. m= " ~1IJ£~1!titp;.Ia:;!fl¥JmJE{~. r t0JEIa:;!f::ft8sMM!1!JEIa:;!f J. .::.+Im/NI~rm. l¥J.Il Z ~. mJ3~~Ia:;!f~tE.=.+=¥. *I1fj:5l). ~1tJ£~1!titp;.~~IIJifl¥JmJE~T1:l!~I-111J3 I{'f:a:;!fIfl:::ft8s. ~~i&mf~~. 0. ~:flllf. '. ~~Im+1\/J\1Jif ,3(I-11IJ3I{'Fa:;!fIfl:::f1i.m~=+Im/J\a:;!f. 0. ~~:lt!!, ~1IJ£~1!W. tp;.~~IIJif~mJE~~o. rmo~ffil'$Jfx-,mtp;.I1fW~JJ.~~~'ibb~~rm£*x-:l!::fff:t£l¥J°m.~ ~'~Jm~1JZrm~nllmibbt0~~~I1f~1fl:~8~Z+'ffil~lfl:llmibbt0~p;j~ f.l:l!J}!fr~ltJ1!fJl¥JllJJt&. 0. *r:p::fzPJlllmibbt0*mfB. Bigsten ' 191. 3!~lImibbll. mlm".~wtp;.Ia:;!fl¥JmJE:l!~1!$mfB~j:'ffi~~ItJ£~1!M*~~~Jm~1Jibb~l¥J~. (fi.~~' ~J\ +. '. ][371-372 ) ~ltt. '. .~I~5t~iU. (lE1#) I{'FfF-frm~{9IJT (~D~Imr:pl¥J~iURn~IY3{91J). Ia:;!f~:tc~ffi~iU~~:l!1!$mJEl¥Ji&tm tfl53!~ibbiIe*:tc~~IE1#I{'f:lJifrd1~tlrt I{'f:11.B~IJ~EHJ. *~~.;gf1. '. ffil::f~MJmibbiIel¥J~*. ' m.J}!rr~IIJ£~1!mJE '. 0. -62. 0. ,. .~n~~Jm~1J. ;g¥~~~tlE~~. ibb~~J&~;. =. _0. ,.

(5) iI!!l ft- S ftig 1JJlUlftz ~ 1M". FdJ ~N1iiU?J)\1~. .. ~0~~1i. WE?& ' 5HT~mtJU1*Ml*~F~~Jm~jjJt~I{'F~I'53t~FB9~iJf~FdJ r ttl~I1'FIlY+J\lJ\~ J ~mtJ£¥I¥Jt4~. , Hn~f!f~iJf '. 'mJ~Jt. 0. ~iJf~:W:"i1Jfj~i:tr1~9i-.:p.::lT::~~I{'F. 'if.±: II1I1FdJ. liEl1iitl o1£1ft1ItJt"F ' ~mtJ~~~IEm~,I1'F~~Mz:*mJt~1r' ~tb~ffi~Ml*31f~]!!*. mz5&1J o. 1¥J~~o1ft9i-'~~~iJf*~~I1'F~~I¥J~-lji~~::lT::I.Jt~1J.I¥J~~'~~~%=. (~)EI. J. E31iiU~~~I1'FfflGf.;t1r~$~-'-{ll$~II¥J_fU. rm~1*fflGf.;t~~~II¥JGflJ. 0. -:. 1IJf0~)B9. t~.H)§l1lY. +1J\. 3B9.!1Z~. a '*129 jf ~. ~ '\ - J:ji 4ft -t~ : :i!~1:f*'=". I{'FIlY+/\. ~Jt~%= E31iiU~1£friJfj!'m15t"F.:lifli ? -ft"i1Jf1E1I15t~~ g:j ~~~~I0~Jt~~1lY +/J\~I1'F~FdJB9~.. 0. {g~~~~mtJ£¥::lT::-ftDjUW11mlfij ,~~Jt~~D1ftmtjllJ11m9lBB9. Rl1Tf!f;lt1ll:v:g:j .±:1¥Jf1E1J ; ~1ft '. ~~f!f::fJflfT~~JlJfl1:Y~0~B9"i1Jf1E. 0. tffSM '. ~%= El. 1iiU~Jt~~OfiiJ.:lifli1¥J ?. o. .t&B9'~M~~~~I¥J~~::f~'AX~.~~f!fM&~,g:j~Jt~~~I~I¥J~. ~-ljiB9m. *~~.i:t!f!f::f~. 0. ~~Jt~~~I~I¥J~~~~*f!f£~~1r$fC~AD B9~~ (~O~~~. ~I.'±:~) 'f!f£~~~M~lli~~Im¥~*~.,i:t!f!flli~~m~I,~m~mtJ1J~. 'F~~~~. ~I¥JJIii(J&~Jm .±:J;ftlll§.~.. 0. 11J£¥1*Jt. Bigsten ' 1989) ~iffl~Z. '. ("i1J ~ ffi!.Blyton. 0. fNt1*fltf. &b~l¥Jpg~. ' 1992 ; Mangan & Steinke' 1988 : Anxo &. ::fIDfB~*~~.f.;tfriJ. ~~IIII1~iJf~~~mtJ~f41¥J~~. 1J~iJfl¥J~. tj. '. '. {t(t1*I~9G~~~~j{!Jm{*~~~~. , ¥fm9lB~~z$~tr::f$fCf.;t-JffiUijlU. ~iJf~~~9G~m~0$F~f!IJ~~f.Mff5r~. , jlIJ~~AH~ t1*1ft ' 0. 0. 0. f1.$F~~iJfm:J:tf.;t. :. [~9G~~ ~1Y3~J). ,. ~~Jm~jj. 11ii± 1. ·1 ~~M!;m I,§]. g:¥tl~~~. -63. ~~~~1I111. 1'F~f!fjf~1fttm.t:J:I*~-. o. 0$r~Wf1.$F~1£IIII1~iJfl::I¥JRmtJm:J:tf!f®&~. ,. ·1 ~IIF\! 1. ..

(6) i1H~:"~ FJT~.1 {t.~'WlJ~. m= ,1}$r5:f ~1¥Jm:t. :@GFJTIDW1 ~i111:Et ~i€:tt!!. ' 1}$r5fDf.l.$r5~WMbimi¥J~1it:$,A;~1fjt§~i¥JflJ~ : jtr:p , 1}$r5~WMb. Strateg~. im1it$Al¥Jflj~ruM*P1~Dl' : ~ IJJ ~ : ~jf~ , ~ifIfljfl]fJ£I{'F!&A (I(f,f) : 1}. ~. :tt!!11Lfi!&l. *1¥J1f3 m:=., 0$r5:. : 1}3:tM:WWmR~I¥Jm:fj!;~~itfi\G:<$: , ~DJ;t-5Eg~~*~I¥Jm:fj!;~~ita {1£fi\G:<$: :. ~~~:R~tt'. :h' ~: m[9' 0$r5:. • • •tt1}~Z~~A. I ..tftiB : R~ff ' • •~~IJJ~Z1-t~A. 0. r5I". (Conant' 1989 PP.42-44). ffiff.l.$r5~WMbim1it$Ai¥JflJ~~lJruMW1~Dl' ~. IJJ. ~. : ~jfjl ,. : li:tiliMfUfI]{l£IW1)t:A (I(f,f). I1itft. 3::~~iE:~Z~ff.'~~W~~:. ~f.l.$. I ..tf$:R~ff' • •~~IJJ~Z~~Ao ltif1:EMbim~mr:p. El3~1}$. , ~Ji~:1J~1f~flJ~3:t~fD;fI3RJj~Zat ' D~:tt!! '. mpJTrufj~TmlG$l¥Jtffr£~P~.l:tf.l.$r5~*I¥J~. 0. -~ffif~. 1}$r5Mbim~. , 1:EMbim~:hfOMbim~*l:1}$r5. e~Jr1i\g~Pf. I"~.l:tf.l.$r5~*I¥J1fflJi¥JJffiIZSl*3&l:1gmJ;Jl'~'Ji. m- , 1}~~ff1:E~~1t;igW~ fr'1f1~l¥JiI&~. 0. (Rational Ignorance). :. I¥Jtfftfl '. .~,~~~. HP1}~~f:fgY.!i1I~~.ffl!. l¥J~m~rufjg1'1it~~~*i¥J~.. 0. f.l.$r5A$t~. , il&JffWI1it:@G. I~I¥J~~l'I. IZSlJit ' MbJmI¥J~*~[]{ijJ , J;t1}~~t~1-tJ]!A. MWfOe~'. ~* 'HPfj!1}$r5I1it1fPJTflj1{ti111'1it9[ta0~. ~1*=B1ttla'. EI3~1}~X11~1-tJ]!A (i&Jf,f) I¥JI1'Fff~;fI3'ir~~. ~1JJ~rmi¥JMbJm1Ji1Ji:ijk~r:pI¥J-/j\~. -,~=fO~. 0. *~I¥Jy'!g 0 .~ , it1}$r51tfJmffif~ , .if~IJJ~i11:ijk0~ , {fl~MbJml¥Jff{ijJ~*. '. 64.

(7) ~ #:. . IH~:"~¥U?JT~1},aMt J:. =S ~H~laiL;;(..,fA\! t-f. ffi1~pfliB3~Ib~3tUit:M; ]1!fr[~~Ib~pJf1~mfj~~~~jt: . ?JTi!lj~~ (E8PJT~~J&IMIS9;m{**Ji.) 0 ~m1W~mt).1}*mH.;f01}if!jJ~~lf {1::;~{9Umf. '. 0. . . 1}$r5f.f1:E~ § ~1lf{t!i ....WllJ{t!i;fO/~!jJ.llJ{t!iS9Ijf!jW ' 1}~&\~fm~;ttM~~H1~.. ~. f9JtJ9fJlH:tl:. '~ffi1;:g~.¥UM11r~f.t~Itf~*tJ9t~tl. ~pJT~1};ttffrMilitI:tJ9~.. ,z{-t~A. '. M'B]t:!~O&jt:iI&m~:ttp. 0. f.tItf~!*mz~?VtJ9~tl 'IW~~tttJ9~?Vtfm&1}~tJ9{1. ";. ~;:g1:E?JTl'm. 1}$r~~!fi!~. Strategy). 0. ~~J:mt).mz~m~;t;tM~~~mDl&. (Market Closure or Capture. 'IWItfjJ!m;tt?JTjj/!!jJ~.mtJ9llfr5t£~f.t~lJJm~-tljf!jm. :ilMlL~~~*flj~tJ9.~. 0. ti~~ttS9mDl&~m. '. (Cartel) tJ9. 1:E)&:*J:1}$r~Itf~fA$r~Itf. *tJ9~)&:o. rJH:tl:~r-tt5-mt. - . . 1}$r~~~l'mf$lJJtt '. 1fW~!*mm~~.. mDl&*~ifItfS9~. (Market Escape). n'tiItftJ9~*1fW~m~mffi~~~o. m[9 . . 1}$r~Itf~7tft((t£ (Diversity) tl1!1~1}$r~Itf~~~.IJJj:l~fj~n ' ~ffi1tl1!1}$. ,2-44 ). r~Itf.lIt~t).f.t~~$r~jQfN; ~. 0. ... 1iii!~. , ~*~~$r5im~tiJt~fUtJ9~~&ffl~. ~:@'J:mt).mZ~~E8!1&J&~mmDl&. Itf~B3ti!l&J&jQfN;. (Capture via Government Strategy) ,.ep. . . _;fOtEi~JtfjMt).~*JtflJ~. ~fA$r5Itf*~~~. 0. 0. 1:E~m)&:*J:1}$r~Itf{t(~. (m[o]a:;f~MBurtQn' 1982). B3~1}$r~Itf~fA$r5Itf1:E~Jm~W.CP?JTfj~~~tJ9n:;l:l'[o]. ~$r~~Jm~. B~'Jf1iii!~ft= B~UtJ9liJ~1}$r5I.~B~ajk~a:;f. £i5fl:l:1}$r~. - . . ~=;fO~-= mDl&!ijiliiMiJe ' iE~. ,. ~1It. '. 1fWt£~1:Elff~. , f!3;m~~;:g~B~9l~7t~. 0. ug1W~fr[1}$r5I.~ailtJ9~~Jl§lft= B'ft/J;:g~B~'Jf1iii!. 0. , m~]1!~.~jf*'l-*mfBA1:ElltJ!!;;B~'Jf1iii!Jl§lft= B~US9IiJ~CP , ~J!;~1}$r5ff1]~~. tWIf£~.ftl!. fA$r5mt5tlUJ~i:I'Jf1iii!~ft= B'ft/J. '. {g~ , t)'J:tJ9~mt¥Yfj~t:llH:tl:t).~~fiIDli. &J&~Itf~. Ia:;f~~~mfj~5tIUJM:l~1}$r5. 0. llttt~fiIDli~7 tB §~-;fO~=1}$r5Itf~IJJ={I~. ~Jt{~A. M~;fOB~'Jf1iii!~ft= B~U~~IMI~;mImttz:9f.. I'tfs Im1}~. ~ft= B~U~1f:{-tIEjj/!~fA$r5Itfmi!!. tltJ9{:f{iiJ~*. ' § ~~'Jf1iii!~ft= B~U~1f:f-t*;g , 'Jf1iii!. . . 1}$r5I.pX;~Z~. o ;s~fj~f.tllt~tJ9fiIDli¥H~-?V~mfBA '. : ~ft= B'ft/J~. 0. ~1It. '. flp~~7 t).J:tJ9fi. ~1J~lffmf:tl::±!I&~1:Efilb~ft= B~U~~~Ia:;f. -65.

(8) $. iii[ }(f. lI*5ffl fii6rmffl Jffi!. ~. ~. ~. 1$;. ~. :iJD. J¥j. ** ~F. S. :<$: J! :It!! ;f1J ~. ~. t!. ~. En. JJt. PJ. fg ~u. tj:t¥~~. ~. ~. UR DR UR UR NA DR UR DR UR NA UR R R. .ft.e:*_a. ti.:. r~. 0. ~iiiffl. UR UR UR UR NA UR UR UR UR NA UR R R. R R UR UR NA R DR R UR NA UR R R. ~A+-. lI*5ffl mrmffl. UR DR lIR DR UR UR DR NA UR DR UR UR NA ~*. tf :$. UR DR UR DR UR lIR UR NA UR UR UR DR NA. ~. ~iiiffl. UR R UR DR R R UR NA UR UR UR R R. •••• ~.~*~~. ~ z;Jf ~ • .I. 4 ~ -t" -t- it,z;Jf ~ Ji 89 R.;f;f/lill1l : UR.;f;~f/l~J : NAJlrJ.;f;.ft:f1:-. 0. '.. -66.

(9) . ~~= El ~H!lfHmLrt'!lM ~=. tlt ~-&il!I~BA5lI:1*= ~ ftW.1J1§~M ~. .tt. Jf1ifl!If.¥M. il . 193(}1f:~. m5J1J. 1936. 1940:¥~. ~il. 1945.10 1948.01. *. 1953 1956.07 1957 1958 1959.10. * *. ~tfH 1950:¥~. jlilJf1U~. ~il. ";. 1Jll~*. ~. ~il. J;tfljlf.¥ I. 1960:¥{-t . . e~~. E55 imlll 5~. 1ff!t!i4 7*11 ~ftt. 1ff!t± 3f1ll ft~ 1970:¥~. WfU tmI~ 1lI~1I ~*fig. ~5~. ~~flJ r1>~~. ijMj!f 1980:¥{""t. :ffi-It ~.:&.. 5J:H!f Eflf.!t. , lt~IHlt ali. 1960 1961 1961 1965.05 1965 1966 1967.03 1968.01 1968.09 1969 1970.03 1971 1971. 11 1972. 02 1973.01 1975.01 1977 1979.05 1981. 01 1981. 01 1983. 12 1985.06. * *. *. *. *. : ,if ~ ~;ti:lti;. -8f1.ft.1* 0. ft:ft~*~~~. •• ~~-8fIM~.~. ~i"lr~Jl*o. -67.

(10) §H~I~. 32 ;J\. ~. 33 ;J\. ~. 34 ;J\. ~. &!i.;m.;mtt 1* 1* - ~ S $IJ S $IJ - S $II. ~1*=SililJ. *. ~5iJf'iJ~. f'F~r~~U~ IJiiJtL{B~. -g-:kiHilll 35 ;J\. ~. ~I!m. '. fP,~lt!!. lJiiJ~lU!. '. ~J.it. '. '. 'iM1if1iilfil]" tTttl. rAJ J::;e1'~. 3tllf 36 ;J\. ~. ~m'~1ffl. 37 ;J\. ~. EP~'. .1['=': -1,. •. :lJO$:k'. *,J{j!~z1if1Jf!i1. fl]. tIJIl~'5FJI;;f'. ~F J. !It.=. 8 mli. f'F J. =1I~ml1. :ffi"R 38 ;J\. ~. fiij'lIf '. ml1*'=' !tflJ~. ,. '~pjJf;i1}~: r. m5l1f 39 ;J\. ~. !!fJ~~IiJJ~~. =§. wm':Pt~,. Jffit!l4'Jffit± 40. ;1\ ~. ~~, E.$,~'. (-) i&lIf. 51i,ra~~,. l.J!!{9Il~. 31m~'E.5' ~lt!!fiJ. m-~. ' WflJ '. S*. 2.{9Ij~S. l3~~ 42. O,,~. /1\ ~. 43 ;J\. ~. ~:lJOJB(:. ,~. P);@.1U. rpm:klli rp$.mm. 44 /J\ Il\f P)'.1:. .'. :. 3.{9Ij~E. ~m-=.

(11) •. ~#:=. a $IJ1llUl!~~~ '". !f " ll!{*-=- a ~u at ~'Jt}t tiJ a9~~t -~ffij§ , IfF~OOfMj~lfar*3&1iI7t~ r~OOgt J. f'F~OOB9.:Il:~± ~mfl=. : -~. '. W r~OOff; J ~1IrmrtJ iVFifji-tiI 0. 1&1lfJ{IJ!m~Iii.~If'F~rdJ~OfaJ3(~FB9~~. 0. fllllt '. r~~If'F~Il!:I¥J~.J '91-J{U~:&' r~f*BB93(~FJ. ~f*=Bttll¥:Hm. 0. jffim-ti~f*=B. -;. ~.~~trttB97t~,~~~~~~~ftm-I~Il!:~~±~~~o~~'~I~~1l!:1¥J. J ..t.;S:~fj!;~tH:ijj'i'fj1JtB9~~ , f7JJ~O!m~~mI~~~~44~O/J\~ , J{1J~f*= B ftllfj!~;z..~B9iWi'JiH~ftf:. ~F J. 0. f#!l;S: lltiWfH:f~ftf:- .EiAmiZ1& '. llt= B~f* BzJ!fB9rb~m. 0. !Hl~lltJffiiro'mB9~t-f. f'F J =11I~~f*tU*-I;1]fEl!HlI¥J~m. '. J{1J~ffi~. r-11= -~f7JJffli. iU~*IIJ~~mfB. 0. r ~OfilJ3(. r f7JJffli3(~F J :&. r£:M. BI. 0. ~f*= E3t~~~f7Jlffli (weekly rest period) ttl1JtB9~f$ ~Jffiii}~:. JJU'rm~B9!m~fl!Hl. , iU~*U.tif7JJ~11tftllUfl. (I~) ~ J (mll9~i}~) ,llt=i}~HP~~f*tUtfi~B9. ~1IB.;jtr:pMa:&.f7JJ~B3(~FB9mJE. '. ~1I~OT+JffiiJjj{J{lJttmfB. :. (-)-r.i'li~m l.~f7JJffliB~-~OOIfJf:M.rdl. '. J3.~:M.rdl~plfI~~.B924/J~. 0. (m+Il9~i}~m=f~. m-Jffii:&.m-OA~~A~m-JffiimJE). 2.191Jffli B~U~~~T$~.rjtUL~B9H~I. 0. (m+Il9~~m=f~m=Jffii:&.m. O/\~~m/\f~m=JffiimJE ) 3.f7JJffliBIfIUUIDJE~~iU*~:f:fu1il1lJ*1C~,:§,1:I..t.retJEB9~f*E3 ~-::R. 0. (m+Il9~i}. ~m=f~:&..=.Jffii:&.m-O/\~~m/\f~m'='JffiimJE ). H~,*;l~. (Special Schemes). 4 .f#!l;S:iW~f7JJ~ E3 3(~FI¥J Jjj{J{U AIl!:~lij{~im~fj!;.tr~. '. ~If'F~j!f. " ~~j!f " n~$J!:t~All!:mm~iim jilI. , J{U±1f~!Hl~~'i'B9~M~tr;jtffl!.B9~f7JJ~3(~F ' 69. f.§..

(12) ~~~.&m~~ft~&~~X~~~~.o (m-o~~~~m~~m-~&m+. mtrdl~x~~fij. IZY~~m.=:f~m5E ). *,24/J\mt~~fi. 5.iWJj~~~H~El:9:~F~m-~1*,\~JJ~:rdI. B~~-1!WrmITWjrmJ. UfUliJm5E. ~~ B [7g1*7i'i:¥:924/J\[j;.j. 0. 0. '. :¥:9~~1m4/J\[j;.j. 0. r~1*. H~ '~J~:9:~Fffi:Jf3""fnrp)~J~ ,{g~~tE~. (m-O~~~~m~f~m=~m5E). 6.$~.!JUL~1JijJL~trxm.' nrtRfj~~J~:9:~F ~ § ~Wtl~:9:~F. , ?Jj\&iWf7Um- Jj;;t. 0. j#!~;;t, 1JijJL~trxm.nrU5E. 0. 0. (m+IZY~~~m~f~m. =~m5E). '. :::fnrm1.J$itt~f;f~1i(g&~Vi~~~11IfF~ffi:Jf3. , lltfmt~~~~$~IEmilfFS¥:~tl~m-=ff*Pff~~1~. b.EE~~lftf:Jl""f;;t~mI1'FE::JJ'IW$ 3£i~m¥*~'IW:Jf3. lO.iW~~CW;mt11~F~ffi$~~~ 0. gt. r_~. 3.~=~1. 0. {g~. , lltfmm:iim1!W$fjWjJi::tPJ~~~ftt!. 0. (m-O~~~~mJ\f~m-~m5E). , ~~~!fi!1WA~I:¥:&~~~~I!I~J~1*,~~~IiI:~ (. ). 0. :E,ii-jJ7~.~~~I~~~J~~¥~tft, nrp)~mtE.1i(g~1*=Bititl~, ~1*=EltE. : ~. (Bettenu 1993:201) '31~ r -:tL)\:='~ilI~il~Ul~~~1J¥!H3' J (ILO Committee of Experts' Reportu 1983) I¥Jfifl~~~ , {&ilfi!J~~~ • f71JilNf*,~1'IUQl(PJ~~M'liJi!f$~ff~ 0. -70. , litE. -'I ' M!.!fi!XJI , Employment. J1l~' gU~~. m.m~~I~~:¥:-nn-4ft~-B;;t~m-~~,m+IZY~~&m-O~~~~. , iJf7F.IIt=~iil.B~m~iii±~mttii~s¥:. 'm. ~!fi!~1mIlR ~tt~. (m-O~~~~J\f~m-=-~m5E). BtrgU~ -OIZY&.E+ = ffi'!I~*1tt(ft. ~iW' ~iI•.. f~JtIJmJ:E. 0. 0. c.~W!~mf1Jlj.!i~~~iI~1ft9i::[j;.j. M~1*J~'. 0. ~~=~l. 0. a.~~ .~~~~~fe;~;;tJa {g~. r -1N:11:9:~F .. 2.~=~1. 8.~~~~$(ft~~""fJUffi:Jf3mt '~~$~$tr (1!J.1i5~J~Wjrm~J:j:lJJ:~~9) ~CW;mt. 0. x,1itnrm~. 1.~=~1. {::)aaf~~~1l* (Temporary Exemptions). mt. ~{J\mtJtUm5E. ttt~. 11~F~~fflm5E. 0. :&m+lJt;;t r ~. j#!~;;t, iW~ r~1*Ell!lfUt. [qj[j;.j~~!tnJ~.!Jlli[7g~R~IJ ~mtJtlJm5E' nrp)~~J~. ~:9:~F1iA. ~JtiW~. (m-O~~~m~f~m.=:~m5E). 7.1itWU~i1ft~F~~R~I[j;.j 'I!IUtI:lfliiMI~P)t5-fflj~. .llt1!W~ftt!~ll'. j:Ji{{f (. ~RitiU~~*:f.. BI{'FJ. ~Ii. ~iIf'tmI~'.

(13) , ~m-JJi&m+. .. '" mjrmF:fJ:Jf!~~tl[JWt¥J3(~F. .241j\~®~1*Mrdl ~-JJizr~1*. ?f- '. ffl{JjLf,:(£~. ~~-- E3 ffiU~m;<::~t-f. 0. 0. tBt, ~JfFit¥JII.I~~mt1UmJE~tBMrdl. ~Jtt '~1*=B!MH*~tt-Jtt~~m)g 'ffllt*W{JjLf,U{§1j1Il~. -;. o;slt. lit1!Wltft!!~ft ' ~UiUitll.l~~Ii}il0It~JfFit¥J*-fIU!~~mJE ' ~mm.~~1*=B*U=~1*B t¥J3(~F1JA. 0. *ltfW~+JJiIt{9lJ1'!1iB 3(~F®.Jjjt~rl'l1:m.iIJDPJWHffiU~. &3t_miUU)g. r~:J; J Lf,1gfi5~. ~'L\.Jjjt~um)g. ,. -1-l..Ko.. r -~JI1:31:~F J f*18. ; ~tt-ml!.Y~mJ\JJiZ r _3(~F J '{*m'L\.Jjjt~U.Il~rfr®~l~: WmfL. &m+JJiz r lIi~tt~F~ J '{.i.Lt.tt--~-*-rt¥J~{§1j 0 ;s~lit~.Jjjt~U~tfU:E~1*= BtU r~1*BLf,U. ttfi}il0mt{~m. , 1t~m~D ' EE-B{9IJfFiijftm~=B~1*' ltlE1£ rlli~tt~F~J 1JOOJf!1!W/ffI'IJ '{flit r -H3(~F J m{J\.Jjjt~rjm)gt¥J~ff ' ijf~. 0. ~&:\:tt~/f~. it r -~tt3(~F J t¥J.Jjjt~rjm)grm~ ,. , jiW:(£ r _3(~F J t¥J~J~1JOO:,j\~. ~1*= B *1jt¥J~1* B 3(~~{J\.Jjjt~lJtl[J-r. L~=~tt B Jf!~~.48/J\~t¥J1!WrmIlTMrm. 0. 2.~=~ttBJf!UfI'IJ~~W*~¥{ftF"J:i:B®~I ~~91) t¥J1:iiW;~. 3.~=~1*BLf,I1:1tt?ll)g1£-:li§tt¥J~*1*I~lB t?ll~=i}il0i$)mJErru~U .:::.JJi.Jjjt ~IJ~ iU*-f{9IJ~. ~JI1: I f'F~11I~. ~rru. 0. 0. , fflm +1!.Y~i}il0m l!.Y~m}g ,. lI.I*fl~J. ' Lf,1i':ltplT*-ftElIU!AttW~~Z~. ' Mr~WtElIU!~1illlB~p;ij 0 m-01\ttti}il0mt. {~~lJm}g. ~::t iUlmimltft!!. :. ,. 1I.I*1£~ff~JfFi3(~F®{§Ij~mJE~ ,Lf,.&PlT*-ftElIU!t¥Jjfct.&~~~.,. ~W~1illlB~p;ij~. , {9IJ~m)g'Ml'Jf!fliJ!!1HIJt.lt¥J~IU~*~~~ 0. BU,tf,11;J , HffilHlxlt~1!W~&~lit ' iffl!IfE*-fIHltt- r £M B If'F J. Mr. EEtt-lit{9lJ~$7tm:ft. (Sunday work) j{fl~. )g). If. '. ~1*J\~M!!t~~t¥J. Employment Terms & Conditions:Europe ; Swabey ed. ' 1994) -IFf'flHl r £M B J: {'F J ®. MrWJ:~U.:::.JJi.Jjjt~U~WHElIU!. :ttfl ' ~-01\~i}il0. ' t&~j.iJt.l r -fLfLl!.Y~1iJt.l{~ftfW:Iltm : IXmi J (1994. fflj~lt~W J {;#;~tt= B 3(~Ft¥J{M. 0. j:Effl (Swabey) -.f*it+J\1iIX~mll.l*1mPJ7t~ 0 ltifl ' It r £M BI{'F J *1JD. iW~o. ~*Ijt¥JII.I**-ft , 19fi5fT~". f' ~1*=B1£. BIf'F J ®l!f1*~IJ*-f+- , 7tJJIj~~!IMIj ., 1trU~ " 1*11.1 "1!1I.I " $ . " ft*rU "12~~ ". nittee of Experts' ~o. :frM " ~mM" 1iiiUf "lWW!" ±l}lt&~l!f1. 0. W~~*1j r £M. {iijJJ"jJJj\i'(;"ifflm.?f,JIfij±~l!f1o. *1t~~*1j r £MBIf'FJ ®lXrffll!f1*tlD~~rlj" ttrlj~". -71. 1*l!f1" 1!l!f1" $ltfDJIfij±~l!f1.

(14) l¥Jmi.'tfJ[]J;)0-;fJT z t& ' ~D"Fl¥JM*P3*S* ~-. ... '. ~1* El 3t~F1J1MU. $~6. ' J;). fl ' -§trJ. :. ¥}~:. ~~m*~~ff~W$~~m5E~~£~ElI~'~~~W~1*~~~~£~Elo (Itt. ~=. ~'i:iJ!tt~HfJfflll! m5El¥J~ lqJ~jt&191J:9f.m5E. £~ElI. ). . . ~1*~rJJ~1U~F5E1£~F£~ El '. fEl~9>~Jtff"FJU!~!f1jfirufif~ftj:: (~NPf911:9f.1t7f3). z. ¥Hi~rd:. ~,~~. 1=r~~jt~1££~BIf'F: ~f]E:[~~'" E:[@'§.U~~'" ~1tjf.~. Itr . . *HM$~ . .. 1f1.l,m~~~. " .~~. *~im. {1:gI~. ~£~El. 0. ~~¥-fW~1££~ElIf'F. : ~Dlfl±"'!flBffl'". I1'F'I1:W~1££~BI1'F. : ~D*l~:EJ!G*llfltEI{'F". ZI{'F~. . . 0-ft:$~". mrw~. ....~ . . f*~A~ .. mJ~~. ~Ell¥J~. 0. -Ell¥J19I. ~.Ii~tEI{'F" ~.s:'~{'F~~. l¥J£~El. 0. ~'I1:Iff.'f3t~F. (Flexible working time arrangement). ~m5E1C~"FZ3t~F. ; ~D~~. ~m~1. ~l~jr~. ".ifIff.'f~o ~.:.:::. . . It~ ~.rru~~1*~rJJ~~~£~ Ell¥Jrrufif~{tj:: , {El~~F'5G~1U11~HJ;1*~~tJF5E1£~F £~ El. ~gg. '. 19Utla1£;1\t;-5E~rJJ. .. ~1*~rJJ~~~±£~El '. ' {]jff!3t~Fff¥-f5E~~l¥J~1*1££~ El. ¥Je'iUl. ~Zm5E' ~tll. 0. ~rru:ilJt~=l¥Jrrufif~{tj::~~':::'l¥J~.&ftjU:9f.' {]j~Jt~~JIJti-f. . ~=+1. ~-. ~Ji±ffi. l¥JW5E~:EJ!G~~:. a .~~Jiitib1fiit&iIT5ElIlftif:h~. 0. b.~~!IitJ~1t• •:EJ!G~ilMt1t~Wf1U c.~±~.III!~-6ftj~~1U ~li. ... 0. ... Njr.if~I~. ~t\ "~1*El*~F1££MEl. '. . ~gg+-t. ~.:::.. ... ~t\+j. . ~J!!*ft~. 0. f:t:trnm0-:gI~~~1£~ElI{'F' ~NP~1*MrJJ16\~Jt~~£~El jJ]5t.;;~:::ffJ;m. ~=. .;. ~DfI~'". moo.. ~1Z9. ... ~gg+fl ~o~l. 0. YtIJ~£MElI{'Fff~lqJtJ[]!ilE. '. ffiHJt*ft~tI[JmI~~~£MElI{'F. J1t:9f. ' ESt J!!1JD1-tf~*ft J. ltt-. :. *~5IJilfJliflfltEt-t lIlM 8 I f'Fflm.{ij!J~~.rt15l1;Ef13lttIlHJJ*. ••. ••. •••. ' ~~*~&f1311\1im.{ij!JI!JJ* t:p. , ~D. n.-.MlIlM8I~ W.~~ f13I.~ ~e.~m.~.~f13I~R.1Il. ~lIlMli~o.~~~,It~I!JJ*.~~MR~MOO~~lIlM8o ~. .. -72. fJ~II1C~I~J. ..

(15) '~.1*= 8fti1J~m2.3~#Hf'f. '". .. 3tfJF1JiIfi1i1*. fJt '. niffl£WfB. j;J&/~f!J~~fiifl!1. 0. llt~~t-WH*J.tn1*£WfB1*,\~lm*1*,~,~Ill9fii. -~IJ{*J.tit:t:3tfJF~Itij£WfBI{'F. '. ~.::y~iU. '. j;J¥JI!imffij'tJl~~I;jI~. o·. f!J~:. 0. £MBI{'FIl91J[[~IJl*. WIJ9t11i~. ~~. $Qr!i '. ). f!J~~rJjI{'F~1J[Jm. '. '. -~:J$]~zp:B1J[Jm&~rJ.lI{'F1J[I~*~~. ~U~IJlm-.~~~~1J[J~*{'F~m-. 'ii£WfBI{'F. BI. 0. Jl' ~~~pj1f~3tfJF;t{:flMF£MBIl9~1*B~rHJ'. . *~~. 0. {'FZ1J[]~I. BI{'F'. :J$]JJ!~. ft~I£MBnnFiVI~o. ~£MBI{'F1J[J~IJl~{1::f15J. ; £MBI{'FzMfI!1' ~lI~!t~~*3tfJF;t{:{iMF£. ~~~o. MBIl9~1*BIl911i~~Zo~'iitE~1*=B~l"H~£MBI{'F,m~~pj~B1f. .~~fF~l'. - BIl91§rJfI!11*,~~ , ~U1J1~NM~::f~it~~rJj 0 Il9£M BI {'F '. ~fJF; ~[J~~. -aJ1I~{1$~r!iffij'::f.::yMfI!1. $~jt~[I~'H!~~!t-¥~tij£MBI{'F' ~1J<tjt~.M~. '. ~t1f[YJji. 0. 0. :X~[J1l~nl')E. '. ~1E:~. 3§.P1f-~-aJj;Jm~ ,-~. ::f-aJj;J~~*ftII!~~::fI{'FIl91§rlfl!11*,~. 3§.tij , gt~~~It1~~~mJE:*:fr;fjf~1*= Bll93tfJF ' fI!1zmJE: '. q~l'7Utr~. 0. -aJj;Jmf§¥ijlff~It1U~1frHJifftl. :. m- . m-+:I\f~mJE: '. Btp3§.PJJ!1f-BZ1*.~,' ~~1§rJff1j. 0. m.::.+:hf~mJE:ifftl. n±IlB~Ijlo. m- .. m[Y+~~mJE:'~I(+li~~L*~+:I\~)~fI!1B::f1*I{'Fo m= .. m:l\+:h1~mJE: ' *m1§rlfl!1". ~I~1frHJmJE: ,tij~V1tJ~~mz. ~~~~{§IJ~' ffij'~V1tJ~tr*~+:I\~' ~1J~1~B::f1~I{'F. .. f.f~D. m[Y ... *cp , tID. :{'J:~f*~M-. 0. .lltmJE: ,~V1tJ~. 0. m[Y+~mJE:'~~~"~~~~~~#'~±~~1f• • I{'FZ~~~'~W~~. {f1j 0 ~£WfBI{'F. !jfflJ ill. '. pj3§.P~1f24/J\~~~~1*zi5[):fr. ~~fJFJE:tE;fF. ~~. ~1If1tiibf-]iITJE:. ~[lJtflJ~~U<t1tf-1f.MpjlW65/J\~. W~{§IJfI!1~tij$1&=+[Y/J\~pj. , ~~1:!l!Ef3 '. ~m'M:tfu±~.rHJ~.. 0. llt9t'Ef3tij~It1~~mm=+:h~ll9mJE:r~±~~1*~II5J~~{f1jB ~1J[Jfg:~~ J. ,ltllmtij r1*fI!1B J. ~I-aJI5J~~±I{'FZ~*. ffilik~~I~~1t~+:I\1f.:h~=+liB -'-1~JlI~l' '~::f1*~~ItE~{f1jB [~. (76). ffij'.:;}ft*~&{§IJ{f1j. , ="J:l./P. ~1t1*m-~[Y=~W5jzf§¥": rm~~. : JlPt~{§IJfI!1B ] I{'F J 73. '. '-aJ~[J~It1~~m.~L::f{1j~.

(16) ~~~ItIJ~. r IflfjUl[qJ~. f* .. I f'Ff~ftt: .. gpg A.D .. ;tp:m. ~~~ItIJ~~7!.R~~. ~~ItIJ~~~~. ~~~~ItIJ~~®~1*Mrd] r ~m~:'Pi!!.=+Im/N~z~rd]IfMrd] J. ~~~I'lNI J. :&. r IflU3i:~FnM B J .=.lJi~JL\~Jm1t~r. cpm-Jji{ , f.1'M-~~=lJiDjUlUm5E:i3P?i*n 7!f~f?\J~om~1*B Z r ~3i:~F J. 5E:. m5E: '. 0. '. ::1LJt~ItIJ~~7!mL*~~*,J1IlMBIf'F. ' {§. r f9lJ1Fj B::ft~ I f'F J m5E: '. 7!f.1'~1*B~I:b~~~F. ' ittITil. [qJ~~ItIJ~~7!mfJm5E:f?\J~~I~ijrJtt3i:~F®m. (fJil&~!tliiz~~7!~IE1jr~CPJiPttJUff~7f3I~®ijrJ'IiI~~~F). 'fDm~1*= B. ... 0. IlJJIt '. ~ff;.~0*"1 (199. (1970'. :t£I~mJi. ~~~.fft. {)j~~*,J-J!:!;;Jl.ff~fI*®1E~:&~ I. '. ~. m-.:=.:. ~J ®~~'iii :tll~0*"1' r}. 0. f!*Jt*S~::f~ ~. , ff A.1r:a~. I*fi.1r~m -~fflmz!jJ~~ItIJ~~f*m~~~n.El1lffljj~®0*"1:&~.~. 0. EEM-0*"1:&~.~. ~*~nnOOffffl~~,*xM~~~~~~I0*"1m~'~~~I~.~mgo-~W. , 0*"1Jl.ff7!~ttft'. M-1r~~Mtltflzt&JiPJl.ff7!~~n. ®mttB 0. JIt~~. '§fiI®ml. : ~.~fJiJl.ff~.'lift'. n!PJitJ :p.ff~1. ~~~~1r~~il&~tltfl'1r~~il&~~~~~m~m~Ift7!~il&~Z~~o (~~~,. !PJ i3P:x.f.1'i!(;m: ~m~'Wil. , ffi[1 ) -lJi~~~ItIJ~~®~~;fj!~~;f§~¥t.fDM~®~Jf:&~~. , Wil~*gp7t;fj!~~. gt~~j@~~. ~"~"il&.=.n~[qJ~~~o[qJ~,~~~ItIJ~~®N5E:~~;fj!~~~tt:&.~~m®w. tfm~~mIJ~. .tlU '. J;.J:il~1!tJF.~~~[qJ®ffd:1r*sP::f[qJ~J!U~J3t®fI~. ~~~m~~~~~~®n7!. 0. JIt)i. ,. ~~~I~mL::f~F~. ' J;)'~:¥U~~O~.~fflm7F® §*,®~nglli. 0. jfE~ ,. 0*"1fD. ". :.m~ffd:1r. j@~Zm~f[. ~.~®~~~~~M-~I~~I~~®~.~m~'m;fj!*~M-~~~n"~~il&=n". W-~UB~f)iHft. ~.*~~.~Q.W~~®0*"1fD~.~;:g::ff~P~. 1fm~~ItIJ~. :ftM.~m~+h.*.~M.B Thl~iJl.i"J~m~+1\. r. 0. (~~~ILO' 1990 ' pp.19-25 ). ·.W••M•• ~I~~.~·a~ •• ·&.~~. Brp~:Plfitfl-B~f*,~,j ~.~J!~l!ijli!l1fl1J. 0. /It;;... ret. ~~.~retB.~f91J.B • .El·~mftjfJf9IJ.*fJF1iS~Wl B • ~fiiJ1iSI!:!l+-t;.M.~:'i:I1'~1iS M.L~?~ffi~~ ••• ~fl~.l~.~.ft~.*~o. -74. ~~*Z**~. .. ~r~q.

(17) r ~IH/+EiZI~~ J ~fiU4l~~mtliJfU (&rlI,*3I~~) W!mulll~ (&rlI,*3I~~). ~~41~~~~~±~'~~~&rlI,*3I~~~fi~m~~Mm~m.±'~*~~. ~iH::T~~ ~'i<r:j:JToq. n~±WE1'. o~~~¥~~~~41~~m~~'m~~#~~mD [#J9Yflf9~fi:Jt~. ~lliBt. 0. 0. ~~±Y~~~W±!M~:r~~mfiif",,:&jjf, ~Dm~~,~~~ra.I~~mM. 3t#IRJ~~-!lrkt~~l!lf?!l~ ~ ~~~*~ra.I~¥i~IID-~¥i~:p~~m~Ha:~gfllnID. ft(~~HIl£l:URfi~*~f(I~~m. '. ~~lV~f~ftra.l~~m:r.m. !f&\IY~¥i~~~m~¥i~' *~~¥*~ura.l~~m. 0. nm~~~~m~~~. : fj!:g[,*~f*~f(I~~fi~:r~iiJm. o 3tii~3fj!lftfJ}~&±D~8} , ~*}~IJYf(l~~ft(jn::l~~*~f(I~~m~ 11. 0. nlf~ai~Il-~~:p~~m~3I~~41~~m1lli. , nlf!ID~~:g[if~:p~~mm~ m~iilfi§*:Jtli¥*Y.Ji. UftiiDIlMf.ID ' ftII~Il.f!M:ID~1I o. '. 0. '. SJ}~Jll&i=. WE. (~Z-6rdd ,. 'U=~¥. O:tG¥0' ¥* ?$!I~t:f±~.1 !ID~ft(if~. nlf~ai~~~li!Y~~:r~iiJm~~~~~. ~~Y-14-~¥i~:p~iiJmYOrtm~it}lf~*5im-13Jlli '~~iiJ. n;JUftIlD~SJ}~E.~SJ}EFl ~~~±. '. ~ g~. gm!l!II~~~:p~iiJm~:g[~SJ}~mm~~fi§*~E} 0. 0. igb1.6lIm~fiXD!,?n;J. , lJ1~~!i:JtliJs:'(,1}n;JU. ' SJ}EFl ij fiif- : ftII~n;JUIID.f!Mn;Jf.$:ru~:p:M~m~ml..m. m~¥*ftIJ~O~ajfJf~~W!~~m~~Ml~ ~ ~E} , iif~~~~Im~::W. 0. ~~~. , ,. [#J?f~). .:u.~. Jlli;af-. 0. Wl. • • ~£l~. ~0~~~~~~.m'~~~~*ml.WH*I~~mm~~-~¥-~13'm~~~ ~~m~±~m~'~~~~0~~~~Um~~~~0~~~li~~~'~~Yli'~. 1m r. 0. ••••••. :. ~UIl~~ r~El1:Jl~~~J n:fi}~Atr~fu. : JJ1~§M~1f}~~±*~:Jt~~. , wg:.~nlf!ID&rl'r/+EiZI~~ : ~~¥~iilm~~Wlf*I~~m~~:t:~~1i J. Nf. 0. ~~~ (~0~~+EiZlJ!i. 'r/V+EiZlMI~~. o. ,. '. '~0~.. 1,i}m~m.m. , :r~~&rlI3t. ~, I~£l. '. ~£61 ) ~0 r &rl'r/+EiZlMI~~ J ~.~~*1lli. &rl'r/V3,,}IB~ J ~~¥}~j}~Y~~ftra.l~m~. *~~ r &rl. (~0~OEiZl-J!i' tL61 ) ~0~~~~&~ (~0~=;= -J!i. • OL61 ). ~~~t:f~:Ui. lt~:U'tf~i. : ~r£nrH~fu~~~~I~fi~~*~f(I~m~m*~ra.I~~. Jlli:m'MIE. G¥0[tlf~~&, (G¥0~EiZI+J!i' lZ61 ) ~0'ij'i1~~' (G¥0~-J!i' 1661) ~0rrJ&rl. 0. ~:Jt. '. MI~I. m'. !iEiZlJ!i~~~ra.I~. !!$~Y-10rt*:lUI~£lG¥0:Jtli±lfliiHl~.~&b. '. I~~~Jll~5i~f. '. Oyji~. ~jgJ"'iilJ. mI~~:t:'I~~~'I~~~'~~~~m~~'~4~'~~~~'~~}MI'~ ~I~'~~I~'~~~~'~'lJy:t:~~.'~~~!!$~m~*~f(I~~m. .. ~t;t~ill~r~. El =*lJilf..

(18) l¥JmWDP)'~.. iii. IItM. mr. ~. 38--40 a 40 40 40. ft ~. -. 35--40 37--40 36--39 35 40 37.5--40. 3}. 40 39 48 48 b. 35--39 38--40 35--40. ~~f!J. .LtflJWf 110:$* JI1f iii. i§ 1! 1fi. •. !!tJiJl1f. 48 48 46 d 40 48 40 40 48 40. ~*flJ. B. *. JS~~. f,fj. JI1f mi§JI1f. m. ~. ifj~~. iffl'fJf~. tffil !J4 tffil 9i:. iii. ~. Lt 38.6. ::f;m~;ttfEl.mfElnX;1¥ ~!Jt~rI~~l¥JJ2\~. 38 39 38.95 39.25 37.5 c 40. 35--40 36--40 40--48 37--40 36--40. 41. 75. 33.6--37.5 35--44. 37.5 42. :;$:3t?HmitiffH 7~1Il¥J~~&~~ ~-. , 1:E~mmfi~ {ll.l~ ~ {iij' ~l. If{;. , r:t=l~1}$r~· oJlt~,. 38. ffiJ,~~rI. 38--40 35--40 40--50 35--40. 40 45/50 i. - e iii I 40. -'1:E.nmmdf*. :t(tlkt'lm 42.6 38. 5l\'lttI{'F~. ~gg'IffiJ~~E. ~IE*I~. J1!m~reffl. ltfl-*~. ft. ~. 1:E1*IffiJ~~l¥JI{'I. II 1bii P-J. JL7im~. ~. 0. : ILO 1986 Conditions of Work Digest, V.5, No.2. : a ..:r:.Jtt{fni11tft ... *»l..i. : b.• :il'l.:r:.Jtt-k!!.~l!!l+,j'Jtt:t:tr25%.t..I*J!.I; : c~lliA~_n.:r:..'~A*_n.:r:..: d.A~-ft.ftJi*'. .nmmmdI{'. nX: ?tiffi ' ~il:1 0. :l.ttl'ltatA.:ilil.:r:..l!!l+,j'.:. e ..:r:.. d1 tII.fA ~ *»l..i.. 0. tHY : B. *1& 1992£. mJln ff;f13 ~U li£f~.rf1. -76.

(19) . ilif*= B liifJ~mz.~!M' ". I¥JmiiB1J[]p)J'1l'. 0. ~~I~e~nX;~t!tWitIimm"', M~:g r~~ItJ~J. l"fJ~I~~~I¥JIf'F' (ttll9) ~iFfffg~~1&iU~~imm'". 0. .:.L.ffll¥JE3*tf21m. ~~I~~1J[]~~1*,~,a. ;:r:1J!:g~f§.mf§nX;I¥J£\~ , J!e~nX;~t!tW~imm"'WiU~~ItJ£~miiBl¥Jf;j~ , ~iU.:g re&~~~~JiI¥J£\~. 0. ~" ,~t~~~~. ";. *:x:B-7Jtlj;t~1*= E3 trJ.:.L.f§1JI~111!tm. r ~:a.1i& J ' r ~D{i:iJ1l':Uffi J ;fo r ~O{i:iJ3(~~ J ~fi!&. 7~.I¥J~&~Mo~.IT~I¥J:B-m,*:x~~~~~~~~~: ~-,ft~iU~fi~ItJ~~m~~'~1*=E3~~~:g~1l'~I¥J~ffgom~,ft~.~ItJ~. liJ7JU1t:(pJ W~ItJ~ tfj ~f!I¥J11f~~ , ft.1i&~1*= E3 trJ~~.~~~~lEm I. f'F~. 1ft: ~=. ' 831&0~1)F~~JilJlf*.:.L.~?*tE ' ft1l'O(giJ;1*= E3trJW~~I~~ , 1Rf~.r::I:!/; ¥o~~'~O&~iUI~W~~z~~"'h,ftmltJ.O(g~~I~&~1*=E3$1J ~'~~~EBil&J&~~~~~~.:.L.;. ~:::: 'ft.O(g~1*=E3$tl~. , ~~WJiU~~ItJ£~Wfi!!iU~1i~~'. 3(~Lt, ~O&~.;:r:ITW~JmE3fl3~.:.L.~. 5fItEIf'F~~ffij~:g1¥J19lJ~. 0. ~~. ,. ~1*.:.L.=E3ft~rm~1¥J. ~f;j:fr~ ,lftl~,. If'FtEf!W. , ~7P),~. : ;f[i. ~~'I~~~e~nX;~iU~~ItJ£~Wt!tw~~m""~~~iU~f~'~iU~~~~~~ iJ;lE'MI~7P)'~~~~&~lfi~. 0. ~D~' ;:r:{I~P)'~~~1*=E3$1JI¥J.0(g7P)'ii.. J!~~¥'nX;~~EiU~~cr.~nX;~~~W¥IHil¥Jf;j~. '. 0. .:Uffi~~I f'FE E3 $tl&~~I~£*I.~~~¥*$m~~Il.~~~f!l1J):;\*1J[]P)'~ nX;o~ffij'~.~iUll.~~.:UffiM~&I~h.'~~¥*$m~1J):;\~~~fio~1&~ft. ttll9 : B *~1992if.ml±liJ~;fU~ (International Harmony) ~Uf • iRrrtlliif.lWlJ;1rm*~¥rrqlC~iJ~~ m£.;fU• •ft• • • IW§.·~~~B*~iJ~ft.R • • • • ~.W.tt.AlWiJ~B.o liif.rrlit:p , ~lt&1L~~tv~~f~H~1ElitIIJ;1~.lliz- (Rowley,1992) 0. -77.

(20) 1}$r~5'G.1ifg]j!G~{:Ef.b.$r~Iffl!tEI. {.§.~ , ff~~1}$r~.1ifgfiJT'i:iJfjgij I~~IR. Kluwe. ~.1ifg~15~' mI~ij~{'Fffifrm&m~~t1]+. Blyton, Paul 1992. Ut!f].ffij~{'F1iEl~1&~-l1:l*~I!' ~mHlf~.~~Elt1]/J\ffifI{'Fffifr~rr~~. 13:417. '. 5tUll!J!eJ!~. ~~/J\' ~dfJJl~{:E1}$r~Iffl!tEI.1ifg. gg/J\ffif'. ~'8I{'FEl. ~1*=ElfljU1l!1inlf].. 0. ~§.{J.;JJI~~&m~ij~Iffif~t1]+/J\ffif. 0. ffif '. 0. ~DJIt. 0. '. 0. (ttli) ~7f.'. ~ffii. '. ~~t!tW.ilvn&fiIJ~~~. :{£W1ifgQI{'Ft1]+t1]/J\ffif. ~1IJ~~l*W~ElI{'FJ\lJ\ffif~m)Ed6\~.::yPJ~'J(. , iS5tU '. '0. ,a. ~1*=Elfljtl. 1t;J][Jm.li!::E~ffifI{'F~{1. ~~'8IEm-Iffif~f9U7f.O' ~IDIffif. '0. 0. $7tIffif~ff~~~d6\J!' lZ'J~jt®/f~~I. {'Fffifrm3(~F15~$IUi{*¥U~Ii~15fIJ1.?t~.~ftI~~Wffd:1t~Jltl~Jji. 0. ffjlJ~~~~IIJ~~~IEffif' U~I~3(~F15~$JJI~UA~.~~lII. 0. IZ'JJIt '. Burton,John 1982 Revie' Conant, John L. 1~ Revie. Mangan, John & 5 Creat.. ~jt~o. I{'Fffifr~~3(~F~-fEl~H~I{'F' *xfiJT~~~1Ii~IEm-Iffif~jfJl&&m~$7t. Germ~. :{£~~I~. -178.. ILO 1986 Conditi, ILO 1990 Intertio ILO 1991 Chart oj ILO 1992 Interna Rowley, Anthon) Swabey, John ed. Troy, Leo 1985 6(3):!. IllIEJit. ~J\+. i'1i~ft(~ ~7(rm. IU'ifu1iiIEmI~f9119j..11fJ~~1JIj/t~~. ~J\ +~li+1\. 21. 01f.$~~jfJgf*:lr~~Jt~~~. ffi&IIJt;~I~~"~lff;~~. ffi&IIJt;~I~~"~lff;~~. rll~~I0f-JW~~II~I:lr~~~.J. ~I~~¥flJ. m+1\Wj. f{. 1-. 0. +. JUI~. ~J\. ~~~. ~J\+~. rPIIIl3t1!J;tk:JEIj(~~~J r~~=8~~.~~.~J. ~Wd:~iJjrJmfiji1f g:lr~m. m-l:;Wl. f{34 3--385. 8. 0. ~~o. ,*,¥~II~jfJ~*~·~-I:;+1\o. Anxo, Dominique & Bigsten, Arne 1989 "Working Hours and Productivity in Swedish Manu facturing" Scand. Journal of Economics 91(3):613-619. Betten, Lammy 1993 International Labor Law:Selected Issues.{Netherlands, Deventer: ttli:~~~~~~~~~~~ff~·~~*n~~~~-8~~m~o~~~~~-8~.~~~0 ~~~~.~9j..·~~.~~8*m~'~~fi~~li~~'M~~A~~·ft~~OO.~~~ _8~~~.~~~o (~~.'~A+_'.~)tiBr~~0~~.~J~r~.~J~~ ~,~. ••• ~.o.W'~B-~§~.m~ •• ~r •• ~+A~.J~~I.~.~'W. .~~0~~I~.MB~Mllli+li~ •••• ~~+~~.o~ft'~M.~=8.~~-~ §~ •• 'm~~~M~fi~~£~~ •• ~+A~.~I.7~ •• o~ft·M~~~~~~. ~~~~,-~§~.~~~~.~=B~~~o 78.

(21) .Jl!ii*- S iliiJ~Jm.;;tt:l!lM r,. ~~gij lal¥J1:R. •. ilUmtiIZY+ r'F~rd1n~~. IlJ~U':Iii. .. ~f*=B*,J m;~I{'F*€rM -,. • ~Ji~fflHt. 0. :§:J!t;:::fjE1I¥JI ':tE~MI~. 1\WJ ]".f. KluwerCo. ) Blyton, Paul 1992 "Learning from Each Other: The Shorter Working Week Compaigns in th~ German and British Engineering Industries" Economic an.d Industrial Democracy 13:417-430. Burton,John 1982 "Public Sector Unionism: An Economic Perspective" Government Union Review 3(2):26-42 . Conant, John L. 1989 "Agency Problems in Public Sector Labor Relations "Government Union Review 10(3):40-53. Mangan, John & Steinke, John 1988 "Working Time Reduction in Australian Indusry:Did They Create Jobs and Who Funded Them?" Economic and Industrial Democracy 9: 165 -178. ILO 1986 Conditions of Work Digest, V. 5,No.2(Geneva). ILO 1990 Intertional Labor Standards: A Workers'Educatoinal Manual (Geneva: ILO) ILO 1991 Chart of Ratifications of International Labor Conventions (Geneva: ILO). ILO 1992 International Labor Conventions and Recommendations, 1919--199 I(Geneva:ILO) Rowley, Anthony 1992 "Kinder, Gentler Japan" Far Eastern Economic Review July 9 p.61. Swabey, John ed. 1994 Employment Terms & Conditions: Europe(Brussels: The Wyatt Co.) Troy, Leo 1985 "Public Sector Unionism at Home and Abroad" Government Union Review 6(3):52-75. 1-. ledish Manu. s, Deventer:. ,iliiJ)fj~)tt:t0. :iE: ffii lIf1Jfg ~ 1*. Ilt!iI§)tt!:J(fJ:± , ffif ,13 iliiJffE[f:iJ-jN: :wa#IW~Wi I§)t ~~(fJm;E. -79.

(22)