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A Thesis

Submitted to College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University

in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Master of Science in

Electrical and Control Engineering March 2009

Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China

























































































     





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Automatic Substrate Switching Circuit for Single-Inductor

Dual-Output Switching Converter

Student



Don Li

Advisor



Dr. Ke-Horng Chen

Degree Program of Electrical and Computer Engineering

National Chiao Tung University

ABSTRACT

In the recently year, the science and the technology continue to enter into a

new stage. A lot of high technology device is made to meet human desired

function. These portable devices have slim, light, and powerful advantags.

People always need them to help their life and job comfortable. For example:

mobile phone, personal digital assistants (PDA), MP3/MP4, netbook, and etc,

these portable devices have fashion, light weight, powerful function, and long

operating time. However, it is an important for energy saving and carbon

reduction. How to save more energy and raise the power efficiency for the

portable device becomes more and more essential owing to the variety of

electronic devices. That is power management control field needs to further

discuss to effectively reduce the power consumption. As a result, it is a big

challenge to design a power management IC to have high power efficiency and

small die size at the same time.

This thesis achieves the goal for increasing the battery life time and raising

power efficiency. In other words, a single-inductor dual-output converter (SIDO)

SIMO with a novel design circuit of automatic substrate switching circuit is

presented to reduce the sze of power module and provide high power conversion

efficiency. The proposed SIDO coverter with only one inductor outputs two

output voltages, which contain one step-up voltage and one step-down voltage.

The proposed circuit can reduce the number of power device and thus resudces

the chip size. Furthermore, the automatic substrate switching circuit is utilized in

the SIDO converter to avoid the leakage and latch-up effects. The novel

automatic substrate voltage switching circuit (ASVSC) can improve the

performance of the SIDO converter.

uses the supply voltage of 1.8V and provides the dual outputs of 1.2V and 2.4V.

The maximum load is approximated to 40mA for each output. The ASVSC chip

was simulated and fabricated by VIS 0.35um 3.3V/5V 2P4M process of CMOS

technology. The power consumption can be reduced to half that of the previous

low power design. Besides, the accuracy can be higer than those of conventional

designs





      

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...i Abstract...ii ………...iv  ………. ...v  ...viii   ...xii Chapter 1 ...1  (Introduction)...1 1.1 DC-DC Converter    ...1 1.1.1      (Linear Regulators)...2

1.1.2       Switching Capacitors Converter...3

1.1.3      (Switching Converter) ...4

1.2 Motivation ...8

1.3   (Thesis Organization) ...9

Chapter 2 ...10

!"# $%    & ' (Background of Single Inductor Multiple Output Converter)...10 2.1 !"# $%( ...10 2.1.1 ) * + # $%  ...10 2.1.2 , ) * + # $%  ...12 2.2 - . /(Cross Regulation)  ...15 2.3 01# 2 345...18 2.3.1 SIDO   2 67...18

2.3.2 SIMO(Single Inductor Multiple Output)2 67...22

2.4 PCCM 2 67& ' (Pseudo Continuous Conduction Mode) ...24

2.4.1 Freewheel Switching7...25

2.4.2 SIDO   8 9 PCCM 347...26

2.4.3 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM Control ...28

2.6 Single Inductor  <= >? @...32

2.6.1 Leakage and Latch-up Issues...32

2.7 A B /C    DE F ...36

2.7.1 G H A B C  (Automatic Substrate switching circuit ASSC)...36

2.7.2 G H A B C  (Automatic body voltage switch circuit ABVSC)....40

2.7.3 A B I/(Bulk-Bias circuit BBC) ...43

2.7.4 J H N-Well/(Floating N-Well circuit)...46

2.7.5 K L M 34C  (Back-Gate control switch BGCS) ...49

2.7.6 G H A B /N O (Automatic Body Switch circuit ABS)...53

Chapter 3 ...56

!"# $%P Q & ' D0R (Description and Analysis of SIMO Circuit)...56

3.1 !"# $%S T 5U ...56

3.2 G H A B /C  Automatic Substrate Voltage Switch Circuit(ASVSC)61 3.3 Load Dependent Peak Current...66

3.4 Power Decision Circuit...67

3.5 Ramp  Clock V W ...69

3.6 Bandgap Voltage Reference...71

3.7 X Y Z [ (Error Amplifier)...74

3.8 \] ^(Current Sensing Circuit)...76

Chapter 4 ...78 Chip Layout 7_ ` a ...78 4.1 Chip Layout ...78 4.2 b c 7_ ` a ...80 4.2.1 ASVSCde7_ ...82 4.3 f ^` a ...84

4.3.1 Automatic Substrate Voltage Switching circuit (ASVSC)f ^de84 4.3.2 Automatic Substrate Switching Circuit (ASSC)f ^de...85

4.3.3 Automatic Body Voltage Switch circuit (ABVSC)f ^de...87

4.3.4 Bluk-Bias Control Circuit (BBC)f ^de...88

4.3.5 Automatic Body Switch Circuit (ABS)f ^de...89

4.3.6 Floating N-wll Circuit (FNC)f ^de...90

Chapter 5 ...92

`  Future Work ...92

5.1 `  ...92

5.2 Future Work ...93

























1-1 A l S m n Q o (Power Management Chip)5U ...1

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2-5 Charge control5<"\tu ...16

2-6 SIDO : /-; /  5U ...18 2-7 SIDO  1p ...19 2-8 >CCM7<SIDO"\ ...21 2-9 SIMO  A l 5U ...22 2-10 SIMO  1p ...23 2-11 >PCCM7<SIDO  "\ ...24 2-12 CCMvDCMPCCM7<"\ ...25 2-13 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM control 5...26 2-14 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM control1p ...27 2-15 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM control 5w ...28 2-16 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM control1p ...29

2-17 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 charge control 5...30

2-18 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 charge control51p …………31

2-19 SIDO   5U . ...32

2-20 SIDO x y; /$%>PCCM z 67<Vx{de. ...33

2-22 N-well CMOS process
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2-24 ASSC ...36

2-25 ASSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...37

2-26 ASSC„ … S m 7_ ...38

2-27 ASSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...38

2-28 ASSC„ … S m 7_ ...39

2-29 ABVSC ...40

2-30 ABVSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...41

2-31 ABVSC„ … S m 7_ ...41

2-32 ABVSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...42

2-33 ABVSC„ … S m 7_ ...42 2-34 A B I/(BBC) ...43 2-35 BBC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...44 2-36 BBC„ … S m 7_ ...44 2-37 BBC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...45 2-38 BBC„ … S m 7_ ...45

2-39 FNC(Floating N-well circuit) ...46

2-40 FNC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...47

2-41 FNC„ … S m 7_ ...47

2-42 FNC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...48

2-43 FNC„ … S m 7_ ...48

2-44 : /8 9 †Back-Gate control circuit ...49

2-45 SIDO Back-Gate control switch ...49

2-46 StartUPDDownmode‡ ˆ‰ Š...50 2-47 BGCS$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...51 2-48 BGCS„ … S m 7_ ...51 2-49 BGCS$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...52 2-50 BGCS„ … S m 7_ ...52 2-51 ABS...53

2-52 ABS$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...53

2-54 ABS$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...54 2-55 ABS„ … S m 7_ ...55 ‹ŒŽ  ‘ ’ ’ Ž “ ” • – —˜ ™ ‘ š H 6› œ ...57 3-2 314H 67› œ ...57 3-3  + 1342 67› œ ...58 3-4 ž Ÿ1347SIDO  S T 5U ...59 3-5ž Ÿ1347SIDO  1p ...60 3-6 A B /C  5U › œ ...61 3-7 SIDO  >1342 67<Vx{de ...62 3-8 ASVSC ...62

3-9 ASVSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...63

3-10 ASVSC„ … S m 7_ ...63

3-11 ASVSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ...64

3-12 ASVSC„ … S m 7_ ...64

3-13 Load Dependent Peak Current ...66

3-14 Power decision ...67

3-15 Ramp and clock generator  ...69

3-16 Ramp and clock generator$%de ...69

3-17 VCTBVCLK$ ……….………70 3-18 Bandgap ...71 3-19 Bandgap$%/Vbg7_ ...72 3-20 X Y Z [ (EA) ...74 3-21 X Y Z [ OUT{  ¡ ¢ £ 7_ (GM)...75 3-22 X Y Z [ OUT{¤ ¥¢ £ 7_ (PM) ...75 3-23 \] ^ ...76 3-24 \] ^$%/Vsen7_ ...77 4-1 Layout ...79 4-2  ¦ o  ...80 4-3 § H 7_ ` a ...81 4-4$%/VoaVob¨"\7_ ` a ...81

4-5 ASVSCVMAX{$%/de7_ 8 9 134 SIDO(Start Up)...82

4-6 ASVSCVMAX{$%/deZ [ 7_ 8 9 134 SIDO

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4-7 ASVSCVMAX{$%/de7_ >PWM2 67<8 9 134 SIDO...83

4-8 ASVSC$ © ª d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...84

4-9 ASVSC$ 5d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...84

4-10 ASSC$ © ª d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...85

4-11 ASSC$ 5d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...85

4-12 ASVSC$%de(VMAX)DASSC$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...86

4-13 ABVSC$ © ª d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...87

4-14 ABVSC$ 5d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...87

4-15 BBC$ © ª d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...88

4-16 BBC$ 5d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...88

4-17 ABS$ © ª d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...89

4-18 ABS$ 5d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...89

4-19 FNC$ © ª d(Vx / Vo)D$%de(VMAX)f ^ ...90

























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¾Ç ´Å î<} 5U à $%/4 ¥(Vout) DVin Vout = (1-4) : /-B/´² Þ1V W x yÈ Þ$%/4 ¥-î34, ‚  €E L , H 6F p v 1-7 Ö: /-B/(buck-boost converter)A l S T 5U

U

: /-B /ÖîryB/(boost converter)ry: /(buck converter)a b  Æ

U

. H 6P Q F p Î<vM, ‚  €E (Close)vN O ¦ P ` ñ I/÷È Q  v Vin Å î<H I \ GNDv ¹º \Å "v.16 Vin T f J K >"†v Vin \Å I : Vin , ‚  € " GND. M, ‚  €ÖL , (Open)v"† I/ž N O ¦ F IQ  vJ K >"†T f c Z  CL †v CL Þ1 ÛR T f S $%{0 T RL ž Ÿ

¾Ç ´1 2†} d Q à Vout ¨ Vin 5U  Vin D D Vout − − = 1 (1-5) 1-1 E F «¬\  ­ ® ¯               ç m (Efficiency) 
e þ Æ l (cost) 
e þ Ø Ù Ú(Design complexity)  f g h , \ g h $% d  þ þ } ü ý [ [ 1-1 «¬\  ­ ® ¯

1.2 Motivation

Ó G i j ¨i k ô l vÑ Ç X m %««í ´µ ¶ · ³ n o W ¿ †Ëß  p q

U

Þ1Âà ´µ ¶ ·  n o Ñ Ç Ëß vr Ê tás Ü [Ø Ù võ è  ë †Ëß Ût ³ t þvu s †v w x T y z þ{ vê ² Ñ Ñ _| } G ~ ê ä å´ µ ¶ · T t ³ t  

U

A è Âí Q îv¬\-¬\  (DC-DC converters)tà , \ € 

U

ó X m
_{¬\-¬\  [ †´0Æ x s   : 1. ) *} + (isolated)

U

2. , ) * + (non-isolated)

U

) * +  \ ËF [ €‚ ƒ_{(Big size)² F S m ç ¡ (low efficiency)}

U

, ) * + „ …² †‡ ® ¯ v†Ö ú û†E F g h võ è ú ûÝ Ör


U

l  ‡ ֈ Ÿè  ´µ ¶ · ë n Q v-îë n Q 5åç (   s  ‰ ë ç m vŠ ‹ P A B /(Substrate Voltage)Œ $ 
þ/4 ¥÷Ž Æ  \(Leakage)¨ Device Latch up ? @v¹º  ' l  R % +  Ÿ, ) * + ú û֑ åþS m ç ¡ vF ýo ‚ ƒ(Chip size)vF É $%’ ¥(Pin)vË €Ò F É ¨F Æ l (low cost)vl  N O ž Ÿ!r" (single inductor)¹º 8 9 †G H A B /C  (Automatic substrate voltage switching circuit)³ “ ” .

1.3

















(Thesis Organization)

>q N •v¾Ç 6–  # y$%{  ú ûQ  2 6P Q

U

—
 345˜ rs ;+ ­ ® ¯ E F

U

¹º  >  
\ X W ? @ :  \(leakage) latch up ? @P Q X W P P

U

q © •v¾Ç –  D ó Ä X 2ú û¹º & ' Âà ­ ® ¯ 2 6 P Q vÞ1Û& ' l  ê R % + ú û ”G H A B /C  ”

U

q ™ •v¾Ç 6Z  IC layout 7_ ` a (simulation results )

U

Chapter 2

























































































(Background of Single Inductor

Multiple Output Converter)

2.1

































































Îa >r b c (System)ö Ÿ
Þ1Ë# yÈ Þ4 ¥/³  H È Þ 1v¾Ç ì Ëryä å# y$%/¬\-¬\  ³ R ¾Ç Ë/v Âí Ð ì È Ëž Ÿ# y/   (Voltage regulator)v´² ž É  €Ò 

U

 ó ¬\-¬\  åx s +   v) * + (isolated)¨, ) * + (non-isolated)v x s È Þ+  å«G ­ ® ¯ vŸ A ¾Ç ><} – 
& '   Ç ­ ® ¯

U

÷!"# $%  'Ö° ± ³ ¡ [¢ £ œ ¬\-¬\  v¾Ç > <} – 
& ' !"# $%  ­ ® ¯

U

2.1.1

































































2-1(a) 2-1(b)[5]_Ö¤ è ) * + # $%  v^ Ö €< Z ¥· H 6F p È Þv.x _´² Þ1R ©  È Þ$%/4 ¥ S È Þ0 T ž Ÿ

U

Îa ¾Ç ¥ .x D© y0¦ § ¨ _{¬\--¬\  R ©  È Þ$%} /4 ¥E F Ð v¾Ç ´² à <H ­ ¯ 1. ž É  €Ò f v2.  ¦ ë  ê Ë© ˆF ýv3. Æ l 

U

(a) F ñ   (Forward converter)

(b)K ª +    Flyback converter 2-1 ) * + # $%  

$%/þÖ1 2 « Ò E (1:N1:N2:N3)³  8 vê ² Îa ¾Ç ˬ t$ %/4 ¥Ð v^ 1 2  N1

O

N2  N3 E Šv= ´à È Þ$%/­ .+  å² <® ¯ :  «  \v « ® ¯ ? @v …etc­ ÷.;+  [? @'ÖÎa Ë N y$%/vì Ê ° å N yÈ Þ« Ò E  « ³ R È Þ $%/4 ¥vÂí Ð È  Ö¦ ü ×ÖÆ l †_[[(   s vÈ ± : ó x T ² r ­

2.1.2









































































2-2 , ) * + # $%  A l 5U 2-2 Ö³ + , ) * + # $%ë   v.X >[6]vN O ¦ D1  , ‚  € S1vN O ¦ D2  , ‚  € S2 _Ö Ÿ! " (Series)# $ 5vN O ¦ D1 D2 'ÖŸ³ ´ Š $% †/ \"†­Âí +  ¾Ç  µ ! "# $%  (SIMO)( single inductor multiple output converter)­

) * + 
Îa Ë N yÈ Þ$%/v'Ë N yÈ Þ« Ò E  «  €v †Ö) * + ^ Ë!r" €v= ´V W È Þ4 ¥$%/­¶ · ¬ ¸ ) * + ® ¯ v¹º  <È É  €} ü ¨Æ l ­$ G <³ ¾Ç –  !"# $% (SIMO)2 6P Q ­ 2-3 Ö!"# $%1p 0 T \ iL v* + 2-2

¾Ç ´² à ¹ .Öº $%ú û­SIMO > + ó \2"†\[ ý$%{/4 ¥³  8 Âà , ‚ H 6F p vê ² ž à "\ iL » è ¼  r8 [ý\½ ¾ ‡ ¿ vÞ1.2 67ÛÖ è , # À 2 67(discontinuous conduction mode DCM)# À 2 67(continuous conduction mode CCM) ‡ ˆ­ a  b 0¦ Á ˜ y$%{ê Ë"\¤ ¥­Ts 'Ö2 6À W ­Þ1v 2 67Û;]  d t7(pulse-frequency modulation PFM)­

2-3 , ) * + !"# $%  1p

¾Ç & ' r<2 6F p : M RLa 5 Voa$%{à @ ryE F [0 T \v †

ÖP "(L)^ T R D ó J K <³ \v÷Q  Voa/4 ¥P  ö \È o ÷<: vMVoa/<:   ] ^v.1  ì  ¹ PWM 34 ³   ˜ y, ‚ H 61ˆ³ ö E F ["\S Voa0 T ž Ÿv²   Voa /<: ? @­K ‡ Îa ÖVob{à @ F [\v ' PWM 34¬ t, ‚  € H 61ˆv² —R Vob{F [0 T \­Ä P , ) * + P ö Voa  Vob ê Ë  0 T  \ ÷ Ó 1 ¬ t , ‚  H 6 1 ˆ v ÷ V W % r y ? @: - . /(cross

regulation)? @­ 2-1 ² †Âà ryE F ­(Å ú å N y$%{) !r$%   ) * + # $%   , ) * + $%#    S m  € 2N N+1 N+1 " N N+1 1   34 _{N 1 1} - . /? @ … å å Æ l þ þ  2-1 # $%E F 

2.2

























(Cross Regulation)









# $%{´² 0¦ (   ˜ y$%{/4 ¥vƘ y$%{_T à . 8 /­†ÖP # $%{!§ >  Ç y$%{/4 ¥1vŽ Æ —  $ %{/È É ÷Q  È . 8 vV W $%{/- é È É Q  /Ê Ë ? @­¾Ç  .? @- . /? @­ >Ì Í Î <v´T Q  ê å$%{/_…w . 8 ( $%¾Ç ê Ë/4 ¥­ 2-4 q rs 345"\ >h i j k [6]
åR x s 345­q rs Ö¾Ç >†} •ê R 34 5­"\tu de ´² h i 2-4­Ïa andŽ Ïb Ö> Ð RLaRLb[ý³

V W ­.  Ö2 6è  d t7­÷º À W Ts [ýÖÑ 8 vb c * + 0 T [ý³ V W ­<} 5U ֟³ › ˜ y$%{ê Ëß Ò Ó \(averaged currents)­ b a a a a in oa M M L V I

φ

φ

φ

+ × − × = 2 2 ) 1 ( 2 (2-1) b a b b b in ob M M L V I

φ

φ

φ

+ × − × = ( ₂1) 2 2 (2-2)

Vin: $ /[ýv L: "[ý  Ma =Voa/Vg and Mb =Vob/Vg 'Ö Voa /VobVg E Š­ ¾Ç ´² Ô 5U ¬ Õ Î< 2 2 _{) ( )} 1 1 ( ) ( b a b a a b ob oa M M M M I I

φ

φ

× − − × = (2-3) Ioa = ILa /Dav Iob=ILb /Dbv Roa = Voa / Ioav Rob = Vob / IobvŽ Ï—Ö t1a×t2avŽ ÏØÖ Ž t1bv ×t_2b­Ž Ž Å 2d Ù u ( A vŽ ¾Ç ´à <H 5U Ú a L a a L b b b _{M M R} T R M M T 1 2 1 1 _{( 1)} ) 1 ( _× − − = (2-4) >.5U 
¾Ç Å ú t_1a=Tavt_1b= Tb­5² †5U ¾Ç ´² à ¹ M¾Ç ¬ t $%/VoaŠvÆϗ tu v†ÖÞ1ÛÈ É ÏØ tu Q  Vob{$%/¬ tvV W ê Û - . /(Cross regulation)? @­

2-5 Charge control 5<"\tu

‚ è q N s 345v¾Ç Ä Å 6"\tu de Z > 2-5­.56 J K >"†} "\09 S PaPbž Ÿv÷º "\_Z 0(zero)­¾Ç

Þ1 .s 345» Z 34(charge control)­¾Ç ´² à ² <5U ³ › Ta

¨Tb × + × − − = a a a b a a b L L b M T T M M M M R R T 2 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 2 2 1 (2-5)

2.3









2.3.1 SIDO









Å î†} –  ¾Ç ´² à ¹ v, ) * + å- . /? @vê ² ¾Ç Ê ° é %—  5³ ¬ ¸ Ây? @­ ê ² åÑ R %01# 2 34(time multiplexing control) 5³ ž É - . /? @­ 2-6 › SIDO : /-; /5U [7]v 2-7 'Ö. 1p (timing diagram)­

2-7 SIDO   1p

Å ú a  b ÖÝ Y - Þ ¤ ¥­ M a=1vS3ÖL , (Open)÷º ß åà ù \\á  Vob­ì >Þ1ˆ" L » r8 À W A v, â ñ Voa

Z ­, ‚  €H 6F p Î<: 1. S1 ÖE (Close)v2. "L» (Charge)­ M S1ÖL , (open)Í Î 'S2ÖE (close)vã A J K >"äT f ) Voa{v>

Þr1ˆåry\] ^(Current senser)³ å Z "\Öæ Z ¼ (Zero)v Îa "\ç ¼ 1vvS2u ÚL , (Open)v S1Ü Öè é L , (Open)­¬e  b=1­ M b=1v .1"u ÚJ T v $ G 6J K "\7 ) Voa{ RLb ž Ÿ­ Î.À ÷ê â 2 6v>VoaVob‡ ˆ» Z ­ ¾Ç Å ú ><} Í Î .Îù 2 6? M a=1vS1ÖL , (Open)S2ւ 9 (Close)v "ñ Voa{0 T RLaZ v.1RLa0 T ¬ t vËá# \­÷º Ë \Ä ë 2"T R [ýv.1Voa{/P .P ì ÷, â <: v ã ÷ MX W Âí Í Î 1^ åVoa{® ¯ vVob{$%/'È È É ­ê ² Îa

¾Ç ŸÂí 345'´² ´ Š - . /? @­†ÖÎa @ Âí ú û'Ê ° í 4(Limited)0 T „ … \f v² î ï $%/<: ð # ­ê ² & 01# 2 ú û Ö¤ è , # À 2 67_(DCM)
¾Ç ´² à <H 5U ­ a in oa a in D V V D V × ₁ =( − )× ₂ (2-6) a a in oa a _D D V V M 2 1 1+ = = (2-7) VoaÒ Ó \Î< s a a in oa _{M f} D L V I ) 1 ( 2 2 1 − × × = (2-8) s f : , ‚  €C  ñ m ­Voa{Ò Ó „ … S m Î< s a a a in oa oa oa _{M f} M D L V I V P × − × × × = × = ) 1 ( 2 2 1 2 (2-9) M 2 ) ( 1a 2a s s T T D D + × = ´² ò þS m
÷º ¾Ç ´î² †de à ¹ È  ÖVoa ×Vob_Ö2 6è # À 2 67×Ö, # À 2 67‡ ˆ­<} H %[2 6À W v  [0 T \(Load current)[$%S m ­ a a a _M M D × − = 2 1 (max) 1 (2-10) s a a in oa f M M L V I × × − × = ₂ (max) 4 ) 1 ( 2 (2-11) L V f M M I V P in s a a oa oa oa 2 (max) (max) ) 1 ( 8 1 _× × − × × = × = (2-12) Þ1¾Ç ´² * + †Õ %Vob[$%S m L V f M M I V P in s b b ob ob ob 2 (max) (max) _{8 ( 1)} 1 _× × − × × = × = (2-13) î(17)v (18)¾Ç ´² V %.SIDO[$%S m :

− × + − × × × = + = ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 8 2 (max) (max) (max) b b a a s in ob oa o M M M M f L V P P P (2-14) Îa 0 T Ëß S m ë 2$%þS m P_o(max)Ð v.  tÆ 2 6è # À 2 67(CCM)vÂí Ð Q  cross regulation ? @u ó X W ­¾Ç > 2-8& ' ù Mž Ÿ01# 2  34 SIDOP 2 6># À 2 67÷%Y cross regulation ? @­ 2-8 > CCM 7< SIDO "\ M$%{Voa0 T ô ã Ëß ry[\v'Voa0 T \t[vVob0 T 'ÖÈ tv"J T 1ˆîP l D_1aT_sJ T vD_2aT_sZ tÆ D_1aT_s ¨D_2aT_s_>J T ­  "\ Idc 6R þ­Âí Ð ÆVob{$%/4 ¥® ¯ ­ ¹º Q   y$%/IõŠ(Vibration)t[­

2.3.2 SIMO(Single Inductor Multiple Output)

































01# 2 34´² Þ12 6>åNy$%{  ­Îa ¾Ç Ë# ry $%{Ð ^ # r , ‚   = ´­A è Âí Q ö ¾Ç à ry   ö : SIMO  ( Single inductor multiple output)­ 2-9 SIMOA l 5U v>.5U
÷ › å Av B…v and N y$%{¹º ø Ÿry"(L)² , ‚  € S1­÷SIMO, ‚  €H 6F p ¨SIDOÖù ¤ ] ­ SIMO 1p ­

2.4 PCCM









(Pseudo

Continuous Conduction Mode)

>r 7 c †õ ¬\-¬\   \ å² <ú û 0;5 : 1. , # À + (DCM)  ˆ : ž Ÿ>â 0 T (light load)³ à E F þ  ç m ­2.# À 2 6+ (CCM)  ˆ : 2 6>€ 0 T (heavy load)­†Öü Ö  Ö2 6>CCM7
Ð v V W cross regulation? @­ê ² .1ì ï W rs  34PCCM( pseudo continuous conduction mode) [8]

2-11 > PCCM 7< SIDO   "\

2-11 m › ; /"\ž ŸPCCM345­PCCM" \ Z [ ³ ù ý ÖDCM¨CCMþ : ¦ ­Þ1PCCMä åDCM¨CCM­ ¯ : F ý Cross regulation d/F ý­

2.4.1 Freewheel Switching

















>PCCM ä} v¾Ç >"†¹" ry, ‚ [9]­ ÷º "\] ^ Ö1 2] ^"†/  à ­¾Ç ´² à <} 5U : dt di L V_{L L} = (2-15)

Îa V_L e è 0(zero)vÁ "\Öry\ Ò ­¾Ç 6CCMvDCMPCCM© s È Þ345"\iLò › > 2-12 2-2 'Ö6.© s 346ry› ` E F ­ 2-12 CCM DCM  PCCM 7<"\ DCM CCM PCCM $% d þ 
e Cross regulation 
€  2-2 CCM DCM  PCCM 7E F 

2.4.2 SIDO

























PCCM

























2-13 Ö SIDO ; /  5U ž Ÿ PCCM 345[9]v 2-14 'µ 1p ­><} SIDO   5U
v ¾Ç ´² 60Æ x yáv 0 ¦ áA á B­Âx yáø Ÿ"v, ‚  € S1 ¨ freewheel , ‚  € Sf­

2-13 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM control 5

Å ú a and b ÖÝ Y - Þ  ¤ ¥­M a=1v, ‚ Sb ÖL , (Open)÷º ß å à ù \´² \áB­>Ây1ˆ¯ v" L D » J T ã A u Z á A R \S Voa {0 T ž Ÿ­, ‚  €H 6F p Î< : 1. S1 ւ 9 (Close)v 2. " L » ­"\ IL  B(Ramp up)IL= _L V_in ­ _{M S1 ÖL , (Open)v '} Sa Ö» è ‚ 9   (Close)v ã A J K >"†\\ñ á A­ M"† \I_Lç e è Idc = L V V_in − _oa 1v S1 u ÚL , (Open)­ ã A , ‚  € freewheel switch Sf ‚ 9 (close)³ è é J K >"†\4 ¥ IdcÈ \ ­ †Ö £ †

"L È ÖQ é v ê ² " L e ç K >ryý v .ý „ …  0 "\vž à Idc4 ¥Ÿ  : vMfree wheel Sf ւ 9 (Close)W ˆ­e M

b=1 1v "\ILP , ‚ S2 ‚ 9 (Close)÷6\) á B 0 T ž Ÿ­

áB 2 6P Q , ‚ H 6F p ;] á Av ê ² >.È u  ­

PCCM 345Þí ´² ( !( ž Ÿ>å N y$%{; /
­¾Ç ^    s á= ´vã A ø Ÿ"v , ‚  € S3  Free wheel Sf( 2-14)­

2.4.3 SIDO

















-









































PCCM Control

2-15 Ö SIDO : //; /  5U 8 9 † PCCM 345[10]v ÷. 1p 'ÖZ > 2-16 ¾Ç Y >.[ & ' r<.09 vá A Öry: /(buck)vá B 'Öry; /(boost)­

2-15 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 PCCM control 5w

Å ú a and b ÖÝ Y - Þ  ¤ ¥­M a=1v, ‚ Sb ÖL , (Open)÷º ß åà ù \´² \áB­>Ây1ˆ¯ v" L D » J T ã A u Z á A R \S Vac{0 T ž Ÿ­M\] ^X Y "†\I_Lç e è Idc

1v S1 u ÚL , (Open)­ ã A , ‚  € S1  S3 ‚ 9 (close)³ è é J K >" †\4 ¥Idc È \ ­e M b=1 1v"\ILP , ‚ S2 ‚ 9 (Close)

÷6\) áB 0 T ž Ÿ­á B 2 6P Q , ‚ H 6F p ;] á Av ê ² >.È u  ­

2.5 Charge Control









>SIDO : /-; /  ž Ÿ PCCM 345ú û
v˞ # , ‚  €³  34H 6v†ÖP , ‚  €¹…w  Q é v_K >ý¿  ׏  \(Leakage)? @­ ÷Âà P ì _V W S m  … vô ÷Ž Æ   ç m È  ? @­ A è 2# , ‚  €V W
€ ç m ? @v¾Ç Ê ° é w ž É , ‚  €Ò f v¹º Ü Öè å PCCM 347­ ê ²  +  R %³ [10] ­ 2-17 Ö.ú û5U v 2-18 .1p 34 ­

2-17 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 charge control 5

¾Ç * + 2-17 ´² 60Æ : /á(Buck); /á(Boost)x y v$ <³ ¾Ç 6–  .H 6P Q ­C D S1 ւ 9 (Close)v  <, ‚ _Ö

L , _{(Open)v " L » ­ "\} I_{L  B(Ramp up)}I_L=

L V_in

1v $ G

S1 L , (Open)v Sa ‚ 9 (Close)v "\I_L> B(Ramp up)I_L=

L V V_in − _oa­

"\ñ ; /\ v ¹º ñ  Cob » ­ M\] ^X Y "\IL

ç e è Idc16Sb L , (Open)v Sf ‚ 9 (Close)ž ô  Free wheel   ­

2-18 SIDO : /-; /  8 9 charge control 51p

È  Îù vÎa > SIDO : //; /  8 9 †» Z 34Ð v´² å ç ž É , ‚  €Ò f ­Þ1>, ‚ H 61ˆ†åáœ34vž É , ‚  €´² : , ‚  € [ C    vu s †341p †  v á´åç (   s  ¦    ç m ­

2.6 Single Inductor









































2.6.1 Leakage and Latch-up Issues

2-19 SIDO   5U .

r ³ & v!"# $%ú ûP ž Ÿ" €³ J T vž Ÿ, ‚  €³  1 p » Z I 34­ê ² M, ‚  €>C  "¨$%{I 1%Y ê Û   /(Bouncing Voltage)×Ö ô d/v÷ô d \'Ö¨ SIDO ž Ÿ"  €å‚ ­

2-19 SIDO   5U ž Ÿ» Z 345­îè " €‘ åJ T g  v ê ² M, ‚  € S1v Sa  Sb > C  H 61(Open/Close)> Vx{V W ry ˆ

ô dv .ô d/[è ó †ê å/vu s †S m  €Ö Ÿ P-MOS 6 , ‚  €v P-MOS A B /(Body voltage)Ê ° $ 
þ/³ Š ‹ V W  \Latch up ç ö ­

> Vx {V W ô dÖP " Q g  ê  [ vօw „  v , È ž Ÿ

2-20  SIDO å: //; /$%//\de ­

2-20ŽSIDO x y; /$%> PCCM z 67< Vx{de.

2-21 ry CMOS  €| } › œ (Cross section)[11]­ —
 ry P-MOS  €¨ry N-MOS  €v . CMOS  €Ö Ÿ P-substrate  A B v ê ² Ë ryN-Well   ³  N-MOS  €­Vbn Ö P A B N-MOS  €I/ë v÷ Vbp '

ÖN-Well P-MOS  €I/ë ­

 Š ‹ ~ W N O ¦ (parasitic diodes)Q  (turn on)vê ² I/ë Vbn Ê ° $  y

/{Ûì Ö$ ( {(Ground)­Þí ( vVbp ÛÊ ° $  yþ /{v \ ³ & >SIDO 
; /$%{/֍þvê [ 0_Ö$ ; /$%{­ †Öó D ô  U ä} v¸  f P  Vbp ß å$ þ/ë ÷V W  \ (Leakage)? @vu s †ó o   Ž Öð ñ   5ñ ó ô vê ² 34 \? @ tà ¸ ³ ¸ € _­

2-21 N-well CMOS process | }

2-22 N-well CMOS process
~ W  BJT  €

$ <³ ¾Ç  À & ' q N y
€ ? @ Latch Up? @v >r N-Well CMOS  U
v ¾Ç ´² X Y îry~ W NPNo ¦ ~ W PNPo ¦ ê  Æ ­

2-22.› œ ­ ÷Âí ryÖå´T Ž Æ Latch upY  ­ ¾Ç 6( u 2Z > 2-23v 2-23( u 2› œ v¾Ç 6ž Ÿ 2-23³ & ' Latch Up? @ÖÎù X W ­

VthpvÂŽ Æ PNPo ¦ Q  v$ G \Icp\2~ W  Rsub¹º >Rsub†V W ry

/: v Îa ./: /[è NPNo ¦ Q  /VthnÐ v 'NPNo ¦ Ü

 Q  _{(Turn On)v $ G P Vsub}Ö$ þ¥Vobv P NPNo ¦ Q  ‚

ƒv ž à Vob¬$ E (Short)Groundv V W ry[\Ž Æ .CMOS €

(Burn out)[12]-[13]­ ¾Ç ´² * + ! | ù 8 Q Kirchoff’s law (KCL) V %\2CMOS \[ýv C D ¾Ç D V %Ibpv well thp x bp _R Vsub V V I = − − Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž " # Œ$ %Ž $ G ¾Ç ´² ŸBJTo ¦ / ³ V %IcpVbpv ) ( bp p cp I I ≅β × Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž " # Œ& %Ž sub cp bn I R V = × Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž " # Œ' % Îa V_bn >V_thnv 'Q  NPNo ¦ Q  v ô rl V W Latch UpY  ­

2.7

























































































































¾Ç 6>.•x  «È Þ ú û5A B /C  v Þ1¾Ç * + Âà ³ E F ˜ y­ ® ¯ v 2 6P Q 7v ¹º ŸE F 5³ ( 8 l  R % + G H A B /N O 卜ç T E ­

2.7.1

















































(Automatic Substrate

switching circuit ASSC)

2-24 ASSC 

2-24 ÖryG H A B C  (ASSC)[14]S T 5U v.Öî18yMOS  €™ yK ñ  (Invert)ê  Æ vÎa ¾Ç ) Ð S T ³ 0;Ð ´0Æ : 1­ I /(Biasing circuit)îM12v M6v M5v M7M13ê  Æ ­ 2. $ M (Input stage) îM14M15 Æ ­ 3.õH E F îM1v M2v M3v M4v M5v M8M9 Æ ­

4.* + (Latch circuit): M10M11v 5­,- (Buffer circuit): INV1v INV2v INV3 INV4v 6.$%M (Output stage)îM16M17 Æ ­

ASSCH 6F p Î<: C D I/V W Ñ 8 \ S õH E F  $%M ž Ÿv ã A õH E F  E F $ /VxVo. ry/þv $ G  H $%M 6 VMAX{C  $ /F þ$ { VxVo­ Îa MVx$ /¨Vo$ / , \ $ ° 1/ v ´T Ž Æ $%M M16M17» è 0 ¨ (Saturation region)  v ÷…w C  /F þ$ {VxVovÂÖ.= 1 ? @­ $ <³ ¾Ç )  5d© ª dõ . 7_ vŸ³ ( 2 .g  „ … S m ­ C D ¾Ç D >Vx{)  ry100KHz© ª dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{

s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­ 2-25$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ ­

2-25 ASSC $ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

î† ¾Ç Z .>de  1/ v P 5 6 4 ( ÚÈ É Ž Æ r à 5 6 ¸ Y õv ê ² Z VMAX/Ó G VX/†B×Ö<: ÷V W 200mV$ %/Y õ­

V

x

VMAX

V

o

2-26 ASSC „ … S m 7_

Pvx : Vx{„ … S m v Pvo: Vo{„ … S m v † à „ … S m ŠÖÒ Ó S m v û

V 7 €ÖÎ<: À W : 0 ~ 30
sv 8 Ú: -20Ú ~ 120 Ú­

$ G ¾Ç ¬ t$ de5dv Vx{)  ry100KHz5dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V

~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-27 ASSC $ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

$ 5d^9 ‡ A v ¾Ç Þí X Y >$%/VMAXå†B<: $%/Y õ 150mV ~ 260mV­

VMAX

PVO

P

vx

V

x

V

o

2-28 ASSC „ … S m 7_ Å î†: ûV A v ¾Ç ´² à .>© ª d5d„ … S m v —Ò + Î <: 1. © ª d: Ptotal =PVO +PVX =25

µ

+75

µ

=100
W " # Œ; % 2. 5d: Ptotal =PVO +PVX =16

µ

+80

µ

=96
W " # Œ< %Ž Ž Ž

P

vx

P

vo

2.7.2









(Automatic body voltage

switch circuit ABVSC)

2-29 ABVSC 

2-29ÖryG H A B C  (Automatic Body Voltage Switch Circuit)v.Ö î17yMOS €ê  Æ ­.Þí ´²  0Æ ² <á: 1. $ M (Input

stage)­ 2. õH E F M ­ 3. $%M (Output Stage)v 4.I/(Biasing circuit)­ .H 6P Q Î< : 1. I/D V W Ñ 8 \R S $ M v õH E F M $%M ž Ÿ­ 2. u îõH E F M E F %. y$ /þ(Vx/Vo)­ 3Å î$%M 6 /þ$ /C  _{VMAX{v   yA B /ž Ÿ­} .ABSÅ 2¾Ç 0R E F A v ´= > %‘ å² <­ ¯ : 1. 4 ( Úþ­ 2. K ö ? Ú@ ­ _{3.„ … S m ­ Þ1‘ å² <® ¯ : 1.  €Ò # ­ 2 Æ} F Ø Ù ­ $ <³ ¾Ç 0¦ )  5d© ª dõ . 7_ v Ÿ³ ( 2 .g  „ … S m ­ C D ¾Ç D >Vx{)  ry100KHz© ª dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo

­

2-30ŽABVSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ .

Þí ( ¾Ç u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv ¾Ç X Y å' ÷ <: $%/Y õ 80mV­ 2-31ŽABVSC„ … S m 7_ $ G ¾Ç ¬ t$ de5dvVx{)  ry100KHz5dv—3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

2-32ŽABVSC$ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

Þí ( ¾Ç u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv ¾Ç X Y åE F ' ÷  <: /Y õ _150mV­ 2-33ŽABVSC„ … S m 7_ Å î†: ûV A v ¾Ç ´² à .>© ª d5d„ … S m v —Ò + Î <: 1. © ª d: Ptotal =PVO +PVX =9

µ

+22

µ

= 31
W " # Œ# A % 2. 5d: Ptotal =PVO +PVX =10

µ

+22

µ

= 32
W (2-21)

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

2.7.3

















(Bulk-Bias circuit BBC)

2-34 A B I/(BBC)

2-33 Ö> 2007 R %³  Bulk-Bias control[15]ú ûv .Öî 8 y MOS  €™ yK ñ  (Invert)ê ø Þ : ÷Æ v .´ 0Æ © yáv 1. I /(Biasing circuit): M1  M2v 2. õH E F  : M3v M4v M5  M6v 3. , - M (Buffer stage): Inv1v Inv2  Inv3v 4.$%(Output stage): M7  M8­ $ <³ ¾Ç & ' r<2 6F p : C D õH E F Ö Ÿ‡ H 0 T (Active Load)!{$%7v õH E F D E F .x y$ {/(Vx/Vo). y/þv

$ G 1 2_{4 yK ñ ,- M 7 )  H 34BC M7  M8v ã A M7  M8 * + 3} 4DC³  8 Vx/Vo. yBC) VMAX {M A B /­

.BBC(Bulk-Bias circuit)v Å 20R E F A v ¾Ç ´²  .å. à ­ ¯ ® ¯ ­ .å² < 3 y­ ¯ : 1. „ … S m v 2. 4 ( Úþ. 3.  ( !­ å 2 y® ¯ : 1. Ê ° E & ž Ÿr ë (AVDD)³  H õH E F v 2. $% M # v Q  $%BCK ö tF ­

¾Ç 6$ ry5d¨© ª d.v  $%deK ö 1ˆ4 ( ÚE F v Þ 1¾Ç Û  ¦ „ … S m E F ­ C D D > Vx{)  ry100KHz © ª dv —

3 4 _{2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹> Vo}{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-35 BBC $ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

î† ¾Ç Z .>de  1/ v P 5 6 ‚ ƒv ê ² Z 

VMAX/Ó G VX/†BV W 400mV†B/Y õ40mV<: /Y õ­

2-36 BBC „ … S m 7_ $ G ¾Ç ¬ t$ de5dvVx{)  ry100KHz 5dv—3 4  2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹> Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

2-37 BBC $ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

Þí ( ¾Ç u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv ¾Ç X Y åE F ' ÷  <: $%/Y õ650mV­ 2-38 BBC „ … S m 7_ $ G ¾Ç Þí 6ûV S m $ {¬ ë AVDDv ê ² ¾Ç ´² à 5dS m îè .ë R Ö³ G ë VDDvê ² ¾Ç 6ûV S m $ {¬ ë VDDv ê ² ¾Ç ´² à  1. © ª dS m P_total =P_VDD = 70
W (2-22) 2. 5dS m P_total =P_VDD = 50
W (2-23)

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

2.7.4

















N-Well

















(Floating N-Well circuit)

2-39 G H 

Floating N-well circuit)

2-38 ÖJ H N-Well /(Floating N-Well circuit)[16]v.֟³ R N-Well I/vÞí ֟³ î ï P ~ W N O ¦ (Parasitic Diode)V W  \´ Š X W Latch Up Y  ­ ., \ ( !Öî 4 y MOS  € : ÷Æ v ¾Ç $ <³ & ' .2 6P Q í 4­ C D ¾Ç Å ú x y$ {v _S ry¬\/v

Vx = 3.3Vv Vo = 2.2V 1v ' M4 Q  (Turn ON)v ã A VMAX e è Vx{$

/3.3V­ $ <³ ¾Ç –  Vo{/þè Vx{/Í Î v M Vx= 2.2Vv Vo = 3.3V

1v M2 Q  v $ G M3 L M /(Gate)P  M2 Q  ÷tÆ 2.2Vv M3 ÛI †

Q  _{v A VMAX /e è} Vo$ /3.3V­

² †& ' Ö.H 6P Q v Å 2†} 0R D–  A v ¾Ç X Y .P 

Vx{/DVo{/$ ° Í Î < |Vx–Vo| <Vvt ÷ž à MOS  €» è J ‹  (Cut OFF

stage)Í Î v ÷Q  $%/ VMAX …w @ ? ( C  /F þ$ {v = ž x y$ {/Ä Å åõK ­ Å î†: –  A v ¾Ç ´² à ¹ .­ ® ¯ 0¦ Î<v ­ ¯ : 1. S m „ … v 2.  €Ò É v 3.( !­ ® ¯ : 1. K ö F v 2. 4 ( Úõ­ ¾Ç D >Vx{)  ry100KHz© ª dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-40 FNC $ de(Vx/ Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

Þí ( ¾Ç u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv ¾Ç X Y VMAX$% /de¨Vx/ Vo¤ õð # v …w Ä ( ( 5 6 %VMAX/­ ê ² .օw ž Ÿu

;] © ª d†} ­ 2-41 FNC „ … S m 7_ P .ß åž Ÿà ù \ë 6I/‡ Ÿv ^ L Vx{DVo{³  , ‚ H 6v u s †MOS €, ‚ H 6ÖL /H 6v ê ² „ … \ù ý­ . ¦ S m „ … ÖP_total =P_VO +P_VX =40n+40n=80 W­ (2-24)

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

$ G ¾Ç ¬ t$ de5dvVx{)  ry100KHz5dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~

3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-42 FNC $ de(Vx/Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

¾Ç )  5dA u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv ¾Ç X Y VMAX$ %/¨$ deVxVoù $ ° vß å%Y ' ÷ †B×Ö<: /Y õv ^ ÖVMAX

de¨Vx/ Vodeåà 1ˆõ­ .ֈ : ž Ÿ>5db c
­ 2-43 FNC $ de(Vx/ Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ . Þí  ¦ S m „ … ÛÖ, \ ýP_total =P_VO +P_VX =40n+40n=80 W (2-25)

VMAX

P

vx

V

x

V

o

P

vo

2.7.5









































(Back-Gate control switch

BGCS)

2-44Ž : /8 9 † Back-Gate control circuit

2-45 SIDO Back-Gate control switch 

2-44 ÖryîM N O  / P ê R % [17]v .å™ y$ {:

© yMOS € , ‚  €= ´­ È 2.Ëž ŸE & 34BC³ 34M1 M2H 6­ $ <³ ¾Ç 6& ' .2 67F p vC D ¾Ç D & ' StartUp

DownModeÂx * $ {6Ÿv MVin > Vo1v StartUP = Lv M1Q  (Turn ON)v

VMAXe è Vx­ îè .´² Þ12 6è : /D; /(Buck/Boost)7v ê ² M

.Ö2 6è ; /71v $%/Vo[è $ /Vxv ¾Ç ´² à  Vo > Vinv

DownMode = Lv .1M2Q  (Turn ON)v VMAXì e è Vo­ . ž Ÿx *

34BC³ 34VMAX/C  . ry$ {v Þ1Û# ryMOS, ‚  € ´² ³ G H C  VMAX/v MVx{/è Vo{/1v M3Q  (Turn ON)v

ã A VMAXe è Vo­ <}  BGSC‰ Š(True Table)­ 2-46 StartUP D Downmode ‡ ˆ‰ Š Å 2†: & ' –  A v ¾Ç ´² à ¹ .­ ® ¯ v ­ ¯ : 1.  ( !v 2.  €Ò É v 3. „ … S m ­ K Q l å² <® ¯ : 1. Ê ° ž ŸE & 3 4³ 34StartUpDownMode.x y2 67v 2. K ö ? ÚF v Ë> L —  34 ³ 34, ‚  €, ‚ (ON/OFF)H 6v 3. 4 ( Ú­ ¾Ç D >Vx{)  ry100KHz© ª dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-47 BGCS $ de(Vx/ Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

.Þí ֞ ŸMOS €³  , ‚ …ž Ÿ—  ³ R Õ ] ^VxVodev

ê ² MVxVodetu ù ý1VMAXì …w Ó G   Ç ÷tu ­

2-48 BGCS „ … S m 7_ Þí  ¦ S m „ … ÛÖ, \ ýP_total =P_VO +P_VX =1n+16n=17nW­ (2-26) $ G ¾Ç ¬ t$ de5dv Vx{)  ry100KHz5dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

2-49 BGCS $ de(Vx/ Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

¾Ç )  5dA u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv È 2P ^ åry Q  I v ê ² õ è <: /de…w Ä ( $%v ê .Ü ÖÊ ° 8 9 †ry 34³  , ‚ H 6C  ­ 2-50 BGCS „ … S m 7_ Þí  ¦ S m „ … ÛÖ, \ ýP_total =P_VO +P_VX =0.1n+12n=12.1nW­_(2-27)

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

V

x

V

o

2.7.6

































(Automatic Body Switch

circuit ABS)

2-51 ABS 

2-50ABS v .Þí ÖL MOS €S .‡ ˆ/tu ³  , ‚ H 6v ۅž Ÿà ù R Õ ] ^.x y$ /VxVoˆÃ  tu ­ ê ²

õ è rà T  /tu օw U V v Mã Âí ? @õ è ž Ÿ†åù [g ¯ ­ ¾Ç D >Vx{)  ry100KHz© ª dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †

ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-52 ABS $ de(Vx/ Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

VMAX

.Þí ֞ ŸMOS €³  , ‚ v ê ² MVxVodetu ù ý1VMAXì …w Ó G   Ç ÷tu ­ …w 4 ( ( ] ^VxDVo‡ ˆtu ­ 2-53 ABS „ … S m 7_  ¦ S m „ … ÛÖ, \ ýP_total =P_VO+P_VX =30n+50n=80nW­ _(2-28) $ G ¾Ç ¬ t$ de5dvVx{)  ry100KHz5dv —3 4 2.1V(1.2V ~ 3.3V)v ¹>Vo{s †ry¬\(DC)4 ¥ 2.2V­

2-54 ABS $ de(Vx/ Vo)D$%de(VMAX)‚ ƒ

VMAX

P

vx

P

vo

$ G ¾Ç )  5dA u Ú( 2 $%/VMAXÖæ åà ù /Y õv ¾Ç X Y VMAX $%/¨$ deVxVoù $ ° vß å%Y ' ÷ †B×Ö<: /Y õv ^ Ö

VMAXde¨Vx/Vodeåà 1ˆõ­

2-55 ABS „ … S m 7_

Þí (  ¦ S m „ … ÛÖ, \ ýP_total =P_VO+P_VX =45n+45n=90nW­ _(2-29)

P

vx

Chapter 3

  

  

  

  

(Description and Analysis of SIMO

Circuit)

3.1

 

 

 

 

>D ó •x v ¾Ç Ä Å –  2‚ è !"# $%¬\  ž ŸCharge control[10]345­ Þ1Å 2†: –  = 0R A A v ¾Ç Ä Å ¹ W Â;+ ú û åK >ry
€ ? @ - . /? @(Cross regulation issue)v .? @Ö X W >Îa >
åx y$%{v ry: /(Buck convert)v % ry' ; / (Boost Convert)­ Îa ¾Ç >: /$%{X †ry€ 0 T (Heavy Loading)à @ [\v ÷>; /$%{X †ryâ 0 T (Light loading)à @ \ f ý­ Âí Ð Ž Æ P : /Ëß \f [ž à \2"\ Idc t[v Û

Æ"†J K 2# T f v ´ÖM34C  ; /$%1é Ô # Y "T f 1 2; /0 T „ … ç ­ †ÖP ; /„ … \T Z ýè : /à @ ô ³ \v Âí Q  "\ Idc r¬[ þv ¬P "P …w \ ¡ 2þ