清代屏東平原鳳山八社地權制度變遷之研究

33

~RM.~

••

~A~

~M~Km~Zmft

-la ' ~ ~ci6. ja ~.i><>

-i?ii 1.."'7

~~

"

1m ~

Flf"

4~

~

~M

• •

~~~w.m~ , ~~.m~~~w~~tt~ffl.~·~~ M~~~~~M.~~~%~' A~~mm~~~.~

••

ftm~m

••

~, ~rt*~~~M.~

••

~~o ~~~M , %~~.~m$m.~w

a'J

Il1l

lil

;\ffct

'

J;

)Jif

••

~m&. ?1ff.fjf~ A±~~*~~ttgj}] , ±tti!:~ A~

8'-] ,

~~B~rMM~~ffl.~J, e~fim~tt.o~m~~~ ' ~~.~R

~~~A , m~~~

••

~ , ~m

••

~~~&~~&'.MM.¥*~

H '

Ji.

1

Li)\ffctf$*1t2J~~5j}]

,

'M~~3-c5l:~ , ~ffii

'

!£~~~Hd~fijtr2

.

c!x:~

,

1'fMJB~*

rnm

w

••

'

iff$}.

?&1iffctJ:!fuE13

~f=I~ ~"~~:t~

fjfi

tI

1t

0

ffliliMM

'

~~~.~-ffi=±~.".~~.~~.~~~

-

'

%

~JtiliffiH~: H4ptT~m[£% ~.±fl

(

*fflfm)

WEB=:I:m

( /J\fJ3.;fI) , rn~ffi;H* ~ti]i±1i/-ztilifl' ~Kf:iAf~M1TVmtili ' ~~l1Jfft±.§ fi~*#.tlli' ~Offi±./1'

~.'~fi.M~M.~.mmW (~g~®m) ~A' *A~ r~

••

MJ hrt~$~m.m~~., w.~~~~*mm ,

••

~%~tr~­ -itlliJ:,fff.f*fJlf.jg}J~/J\flHI

'

ffii'§'~t)~F17t7:lIJWR%!t.flJ 0 ~~ ,

M%

~tili*~

\fF

H

m

.l§'

Jjffi

±

.

plT1ii"

'

ffd:ffflN z

~tt~Ffrim~

1I/J\f

Ei

fm

'

.~±fdH~fj ~~fJHm 0 ~m±.tE*~~LI~~~~:M

'

~DJ;J.if£l11td~1*

'

rtl]~~J!ttl}:l!t~~ f1§-~

,

~W1 ~lUIJj#liiia~

, ffdj~-m1m~mwr, .fJl~ljfti~Itffii:~~R:±~9:

fJi

'

%~

ffr±1i

rtt

M

i&ifi

1tJ '

*xH~J;)Bfi*W~2 rmmn"¥MJmlllJ\ffr±1iH§.%~liIJ

2 JEW. ~ ~ nI< ...D

•

e

""

~ ~ ,\~

!I!

~ -:P -f-'I

,

~~'--H

--~ ~ -ti.<

$I

MIl

ffiia

~

,

~ o

,

35

CD

till 1i Jt4

ff

1l

S'J

$

m~mm~~nWAft~~.R.~~*~

The Development

of

the

Land

Rights

System at Feng-shan Eight Tribes

in

Ping-tung

in

the

Ching Dynasty

Hong-chein Yang

·

,

Ai-ching Yen

··

Abstract

The property-rights configuration of natural resources had transited from open

access common resources into closed access common property, and then from latter into

private ownership from the view of institutional change of property rights. It had fonned

common property into private ownership, when people's livelihood changed from

hunting and gathering into settled agriculture. Before Dutch occupying, Feng-Shan eight tribes' population spread in Ping-tung Plain of southern Taiwan. Hunting, fishing and

fanning were Siraya's livelihood mostly, land was used in common. As the land area was

used only by viUage man, it was similar to "the closed-access common resources"

which had the feature of exclusive communal property. After Ching Dynasty, owing to

Han Chinese had moved into the southwestern Taiwan, wild plains decreased gradually. To improve the productivity efficiency of tribal land and sustain basic needs of Hving,

Feng-shan eight tribes' people must change their traditional livelihood. As rapid growth

of Han Chinese and Siraya people, and the diffusion of technology for paddy dce farming. the tribal land rights had transited from common property ioto private

ownership.

Split ownership or two tiers of owners was one of the traditional system of land

tenure in Ping-tung Plain in Ching era, it distinguished what were called large-rent and small-rent rights. In order to protect tribal land rights and encourage village aborigines to plant their land, Ching Government prohibited Han Chinese from developi~ wild plains illegally. However, if aborigines did not need to develop the tribal land, Ching Government permitted Han Chinese to rent tribal land. Han Chinese obtained small-rent

Assistant Professor of the Colleague Indigenous Study, National Dong Hwa University h Professor, Department of Land Economics, National Chengchi University

~

~

t~~j.J.';'

• mEW!

36

11"J

rights of lTibal land by paying the tribal tax, the tribe only kept residual large-rent rights. Therefore, the tribal land rights were divided into split ownership wlticb. was caUed large­ rent and small-rent rights. Any owner of those rights could ei ther manage them by themselves or sold them out. Otherwise. large-rent and smaU-rent rights of some tribal lands belong to village aborigines, some of them sale smaU-rent right for lack of money.

Village aborigines had left nothing but right for collecting rent. Because village

aborigines were very poor, they had to borrow some money from Han lender and mortgage their rent to lender. Village aborigines could not amortise the debt usually, if

the appointed payoff date reached. As a result, the right of collecting rent belonged to Han lender continually. FomlaUy vil1age aborigines bad the large-rent rights, but they were deprived gradually, the large-rent rigbts turned out empty. This research will prove that by the spread drawing of tribal rent in CIting era and spread drawing of tribes' population in late Ching period.

Key words:

Feng-shan Eight Tribes, Village Aborjgines, Split Ownership,

37

-• -• ~. nJIJI

:ge-rent rights. lS called large­ nage them by of some tribal lack of money. :cause village an lender and iebt usually, if nt belonged to ights, but they ITch will prove ving of tribes

rff1-\~Jf~

*

LJi

JJj(

1\

W

J

\1f~

!il!ti*IJll~.zUJf1e

·

.J.Jl.. .~b ~.. , Jm ,f.?..!~

•••

'Tn

r, .'J:] ~ 17/' ~

fJr

±

'

11ft

~1JJ~~

.?ltJJj({1~~fiZP:!fflJJj({1ft';~ (Ping-pu or plains tribes ) .&~LlJmt{1~

~~~~m ' M~rZf~J ,~.~mm~$zp~·~~· ~~~fi.

till,

tJf~~'1J@{11f

r

i%

LlJJ

j;ill~8''.i~MfIpfrID!}jU 0 r:JA~n#Mm~ r±~J'

1fm-rf=lrl~Wj

,

ft(~ rm~~1~J ' rLl!t£1~J ~ rWrfi~J 11:tWH~t

f$lA1iJ

'

~ijEjLt~{:E-~ffi11:t f!ljm~

r

~*

J

' M

~*~f~$Zf±mJJj( {i.§:~

(

tJT

MfIijZftm~) , f&~~iWirJl®:{1a:~ ( tJTMfflJ~LlI1i~) 0

r

ZftmJ

-~~Al

¥~~m~~9$' 1f.~m~(~~M~.) $~~: r~mR~'~.

~Tffj f¥j 0 • . • • • •

r.!l®

-

WhJ(9!f

'

~

jjj{Jff

1m

*$

0

I)f

t

ill

~

j!;B!

f

&

='M

'

:t

EI

r

/

h

MJ~. oJ I~zp~±

• •

~~. ' #R.*~ZP~~'ZP~$~ffi$*

AJff5f

Ff

JJj(

• ~azp.~

•

~mzp.Jn(

.

it$ZP~" ~~~I.j;ill

.

~~t@:}[gtJk

~IWhLJSJJj(rf3~ ( ~Oill ) 0 fI~zp.tm~BkJ5Hf~' rn~'El~WH~~'HiE!l31:jft~Jl11M~

JtJt

m r

lt~~~m:fi+tiJ

.&

rm~lillll.-;;fiJ

'iffi

rm~J1iU-I.-

J

{if,

mt~* (-~**~) · T.* (-~.£.W) · ~~ ~ m.·~.

1h~' 1ifi:11;t ~-Z $. :f: A ')t, ,~{It #Hf 1LtJl. ' §. A ~101" 0

~ti,~ El JlJl : 2004 if-5 }) 24 El • il!iliH J

*

El .,It}] : 2004 if-6 Jl Ii El 0

~~**k¥~

• •

&*~M&~~£~##k.Ma~~~**~~ft~

i

t

Ownership, ••. ~.i.j!ti{;; :k.~~Jt~

hdx

4

-;:

~

iJo'? {~

38

1JI'iI',;

:rU1

@til

"u

(-~~~) ,~~ (-~~~) · ~~ (-t*~M'-~~Wff )

&h

1£i

o 2Y:'tl:f~~

i

lllLl!;\

ffct

J

'

R~801f' cp~m~Il1r:~~ ~%ff:f~!=!1j (n] ~ili~~+~~~~~.~ o ffi~M~~.§WA~,*£~~~nm~

f<~

:tE€

'

i

l~illm1i€25:2~

0 3 ~

flflJfijt

llifl1t

r

_J

_{ll9'J%fJX '}

*~~9:~~Nortb ~~t~1±l

'

A~J!l9:~ffO~1fj

;;(t

[OJ

~*JI:

Y:

1[::

, ~!El ~

AD

PX.

~m

tJ

itT

jjffij

ftJtJ

A

[5J

M

~

,

fFE

5~

1i

FfJ

~IDfJ .±~ h*~ ~ft\:

'

~mFff~ ~~

[OJ

U"lI

HF1t1!.

'li

S'0

#:ff

ftlHlfHtt

'

!t

Jl

mH~

1±l '~&~~~~.~~M[OJ.M~~'~~~.~.W2~~o4~~~

_li

_~

m

..

~~.~· Am~~~~~~.~.~~~~.~~

..

~~'ffi ~

~.Mam~~W.*~~~$~~m~~~n~tt~~Ma,~~~~ M&~&~M~o~~iliUM , a~~~m~~m~~~.WA~2.~ ~m~ra9~.i!31' j!)iMmfMJl~::a~D~North2tm:rJb? tE~f~~J:EJ55**Y:1~

~~~

,

);lLlI;\IH.tiliffJHllrJe7f=f~tlU~~~jI&!tfi~1j f?q~~n~?~~ ? *y:u~· mCI5J1l.Ll[;\iTi±~!l!Hd~:tftjFs9 r'Jfp~~.~f§rJJ )tlJlj*!i~!!

;

~1:EYJ~~ *:mr~A1&

'

M~r-pWj}~HfFpiJj{J:2~:tiQ~:aim:kW:i~? t)..t~~N:!

'

~ij l

lfJ*UJf:Jt2WJ~ 0

1\

"

.1iJf

Jt

fJ

89

~.~~~

••

WA~~mR.~.2~~' ~@~. ' ~~~~­

M!)# ,

~m~.J3fj~J~

,

EbJt:*Jit~t~~i9JA

'

ij l~*FEfU1'FR"J~Jt:JtfiltJ

'

J3.

,

2 it~Jtt : {.fi$:1t-tl~> ' .fi'J,f:t4k3t~~fIJ~2# (I 't:. : k~:tN; , ~~76-"¥- ) '

Jf

95 ' 143 0

3 ~4-* : < .f J.f+#l~a~;ft~&~~~§'IW){O. ( f:;1if Ji\AfIJ ) , ~42 ~¥JJljl ( ~Ml 81

1f-

3)] ), Ii 38-40 0

" Douglas C. North, Structure and Change in Economic History (New York: W.W. Norton,

. 39 •

~n:Wj

iJ1f

)

&

h

I1t

*:f

~

fi

rj

l~'

Jt

fbT}

~~

:

~

ltt

1;£

5~

1fi

~1jI¥J~1WJ

, ;W;

~

Tfi

HEi

~ 0 4 ~f11:1M ~~~£

'

f§

~

,

¥fEB

~ff I

J\

ffd:;L 1

$M

·

15

mUJt:)(

1t:

~~ ? *)(H~'

:

.~r(£~f~~ t~*Im

'

~~[

,

S)l~jB:rt

±ifbHi/fj

,

.Ii

~1l 76Jf-)' 1f ~ I Jl)1 ( ~~81 "k: W. W. Norton, ~-zIiJf~ ~~~.~W%W~Ag~&~.~~~ ' ~~.~AM.~~.~~~ M~.?~$~ill&Mffim~~. , *m~*.~~~~~§~~~ :

(]

)~

fJT

l\1t

III

Am

i i$Hftttl!

ffIH~l~

,

iff

ffr:tJ!1lffi!

fL

f-I

i

t:

JB

px

&J!!rfflH1Pif{/j~

mr

~o

(2)J;)~L1JAffd:.!t?p~H~If~

()1IJ

It

1t:

ilt*/

J\f.El.mmmt!lffi '

~m*/J\

mMW-3~n!fn~ <>

(

3

)

i1i

a

1J1limWHfrfEi~mi ~ffrtlf

AI=!

?t;ffirgi~

,

~H~mILJA/H.~&*

*~.~~.ffiB~~,.mm~~M~~~.~m~~~~.m*~&

~

tili

i

fii

~;Ljl~J1~ 0

~

;'~HtW 40

~

_!£

~

:r1H

.tIl

_IilJilll

1m

1 :

~~.S¥imD~£ffi!;j

-

" ,~-L­ ~ WJ~

p

J

A

m

IJ

xW

r

HI

L

ttn,n'l )1(:::.-:7

rit

,

1f

tI-

~~

:

;f-PJf ~11}

?

!ut

~:9t ~ : (~~

4'-

JilJ

~t:lt)

(

:i:l

t.

:

r*J

k $" ;,ry ,

!\.

@ 85

-f

)

,

Jf 4

5 0

I II

1

tii

iii :

Ii

'f .tEll'l-{.i~&JfA.L-WAid:.Zj;\..1fi{i.l.

'

19~ t-*1t

§

H

t

hoti.

0

1.~2f±m~:$}t5[;

J

24 ) o .~

0'))·

f?

to b·

.

.

121 \ .'~ ~

o

I 20 3, 0 Km 1

41 . ~IiWJ

,

24 Z.3 t2 ~ , t\. ~ 85

~

"

;t

~J]

~~

- " ~j(

i..~

)t~

:i.

~~~~~~~.±~m~

••

~ , ~~~ r.~J.~~*.~ffi

L~

l.t

ii

t

:Z,i1tiAi '

1£

m

it:!

n~

Wi '

~~ ~ ~iJ

A

Q;t~)( 1t;zJit~

W

'

fE

[~Lt

t!Q

1.

~-. R3=::tB'Jj:llifi~~

,

~D±ttf1Ftf~fi5t8lJ ~.~f&HdTI ~~

; ~

.:tJi:>Z.

~mr*ffi.J· rillOO.J~rm.J,.~.::t.~Mm r.::tJ'

r.

~J ' r~~J ~r*m~ J o.~w~~~.~IT~ (a~~~m) ,~~

AMfi~±m~,m~r~.~J'~M~tt~.~~~m~,mzr~~

1:

J

'

f1t&.~~&:,~~IT1~ 0

.:::- "

~

n7

:i.

~

~t

tfJ

:i.

1f-ffl

=--=t

8q

t!Q

fm~

~

,

J:ttEpfr~fi7t~

lJ

m~::ttmJkrn±fi

'

5

Bl=tffU

Xf¥}m

r

/J\fE

HIJ·

r

ffii5:mU

~

r

trf

JH

fIl

J

'

WffEE:Em%fm~

r83::l::J

'

r

f

rnf-l

J

EJX

r

IJ

\fflJ5 J "

83

±Etl1rH~WJIT

f;tt

,

{S fFn~. ::t*~UR*ffl~

(

I'm

0

~IJXffr±~~) ~Ati~

ER:=tfl

'

m~

rii83::t

J

'

W!±ilHm~ EB±;jfj~

, Wfz

r

m

83:=t

J

0

..

9

,

~ ~*.~~.~~' 1 r~.*~~A~.~*~a'*~~£~.~~*M

Ii ' ... ,

if-

~tJll ,g},fJl.e-~

-+.iE

'

<f-0 Z ift11t JfJ ... i£ ~ 51 :f.t ~ ~4'-.fJj'';}i Jijt

:t

;§ ~it ;rqll~. tld 4l\ liUti. ~.:k ~ .if. ' .... .. .:}t. 9:7 !tl M

tl

r

3~Ht ~..E ' ~-!-~

*

:t

f-

~UlL". ... ~db 1.-

a.

t'J Jl:r. ,UK.f. 11i

if-

A

~

,

9:7 ..E 1fk )t.~ru9 .JR JfX. ~ , it!...E :f-iJ]-~ ~!i ' .. .... J 0 iX r ro ...t J - -t'1

~

42 [OJ

!l'

~

:rU:J .Gl

M i 101

-!t

"

ZJf

iE

n-

i!­

~M~~~k

·*~~~rM

.*~~

••

Ja*m.~

·

~~~@

~~. ' AoM&·±~"~.~~OO~tt~ffl.~·An~~. ' ~ffi fi~*M&tt~a~'~*&WD~M

••

~R.~.~.~rt~~~~

~iLffi

s'JM1f '

~~Jl~fJFfilit~A'J~~ft~£

'

IfrjrzqA

o

*l!t

!w}

1JU

'

~!i'f1ti1*~

~~W~.~~~T.'~~.~~~~~'~~.~.~~.~AA.

~£?J)l~

,

rnJA~t.I1~$){;tfuff/HJjIJJ!ttf"J~~ 0

~~m.~~fi~~~m~ '~~~~W.~·.~·g~.~&B

~w~

••

~m

••

~,~m~&~~A~~,

••tt~'.~m~~~

'{~WH1t~~~z~;;' 0

r,

if--Mft£

(~iHBt~fl~t5)(~Ht~*>, (.i\1U~~

Jff0)zJ!R~) ' (~~~lIli~:bL~t!J)(t!> ' (~~)(ID

&

<i1ff-cS:~*fll

~1f~)

4-I

1t~

74

ftfl~tI

LIJ

\

ffrt

~~&ff.*ZjS}Jj{i9L~ra9~}'IZ

37

ftft

~

~

0 7

l-~,

c

i$-H

11114- '

i1J1'F~ liff~+

J\

'

-

!-iLlit*ctJJMJiliJJJ\Wcr

.

fiffi±

tili

lla'J

•••

~I~.~~~ ,~m~.~J\~

••

~~.rn~fi~A~$ffi~

A'J~~

"

5J1~J;lfJ3.

irn&JfufM'H

(

* '

~E~flil{f"j

B

~'tI1BJt~*~~&[tlj~1[::!£.

~.M~.R~~,~.~&~~m.wm.~~m'~.~~ ' .A~

Jl:

.

nJ'Z?1J.fi~

,

L~~f.t;

"

5Z

~iJl~

,

*g-{if1~f~ftf

"

fm~IJ¥jH~

.

:rr~U~

ik'

.

if@C*,~ fJ3.~ (if*~J1fr~:t*f.El~ )

N

.1f-

ffi'*,pj.

fll

( ffd:~ ) ~P'q ~ , g~

~~~ili*~tirn~OOm,~~~~~w~m~m.~~~~~. o

6 .*~aA: r~~~A~.~~·~~~&#~~~~«.J :~~~aA : r~

~.~~~~~~4~~S~.~W#'~A~~~~M*~·#~.~~&~~~

~~SW#Jo~~~~~*M«~~.·~~~~.~ ·~f.·~*.~~

••

_r

~o

7 _~r

_••

_{J~3.~A~~.~~#. , ~.~#. · .~}

_••

_A~#.#.AM

~~~~~'~*#• • ·M. ·T~*·h~ · ~.&~t# ' ~4M.'§OO~

•

M~M'~#.RA~I~~~~o~37#~AM.~~~~'~~~.AMro~

.~¥~.~At,~.~~e*J~A~roOO.~.~.M~.'~~~

••AA.

~ll 0 ~1 AJ~~ ~~J A.~~~ 'Jf > ' *1 L

*-

i".

{;fit

~J.m~~

1

MY

f

t&

1l Shepherc itt i ; ,'.L. r "iFJL lU ~

fI!tr

·

~ii!

"

Sh~ ' "+,!; /:)-. r ;'FH IJJC ' 'F±FH~~' i

ill

~ftt

1

111

x Plj"-.lrj "'IJ*~ I~

.

'I John Stant

43

r

: • • ~l Ii WI

I

:8 , TIt ri!'.j-hL,<t..?ll - 11: JJJ",~r:T11~ ~~f&

'

~fEl fj):t~?tr~RX

10

'

1~~~~ p.rr~~~ffl~ §mHffrj~<& f£~liff:fC~~

,

(rl~~'1i ~H-~!fM*fit '1tj::tfu~ 0 7

ret.

fi

ffi

i

:t1M

i

Fl1

iAfft$EEI~

R

r~~1t§:.,iI: 1~ ' i~A~l ~~ ,rr~u~ .~ m z!:17 ::tzrr I' 'J 1':f ' nlJ

'txtr§

0 !t~1~4:

r

.;­

t~l~&£$~!t I Itt ~1 ,j'; ~

it

11lt ~1 : .~AM

••

&X.a~.~.A~~~~~.M j\/L jf) ~r,0~~ " -;I<;;.

*~

}]f;1t

:ft1m

#Hlt

t~)i ~11!!. tf}£ 00 £ "l£ t: £

fJf1iJ

~

_{~ ~ ~ ~ ~f.0} Aj~~

#!

#t

~

W.

*tl

l J-u\# 4 12 4 3 12 2 8 2 27

{}

?tl!i!

lJ.JA~±it fi3JU}t F9 i~ 6 16 11 2 2 A.JtI!,~~~~

-1.-

;ft

*

~

:

*.6Jf-1t

I~Ht~1:t 0

11i

"

:t.

It

~t

:I!

fl~~~~ (~fi)~.~m , mttm~~~m~.n~~ffl.aE ~lJtl~JTU1!nJ~~A~1Ul i#IJ1l8/~Jf~px 0 ~fffi

'

J;)~glfH jJrt~1·g-1lf!:£m~:tllilfj~'

J

'ti11t&

t=.f

**fLZ.~ ~ ,

@¥

IJ

~~;\

-

I-if:

1

-t:t

~itT ~~

,

~~ John Robert Shepherd ' J;)Iil~::E~giffi (Statism ) m~~4l{)

,

mfflZ9tt{,\1J5€ti:ftJJ~L~;W

t-Ufh~

§i¥J '

~JjIj~.J¥~60 tf*-ftz~L1&

'

~i£~rJ!tlH;m~

,

~HEL#~ ~~

,

1:J~1E~.flJ;)1&

'

~%,<i!~1!411r

AJ:

fuf

liHI'

-J51'ggc

'~~D~~r~~Z~iJ

7, 0 Shepherd~~ijtZIli331f.z1i*flt#1rrSJ1*~'!.HiR'-JttMj

,

IR¥ljmWL?/~Wj

Zf:tm1f*1f;;:$J~~B*t5Bjj-I~~

(

tij/$:qsm-t

)

{JJW11~*fltB'-J±:tih '

:fHInJ

ZjSt

m~A

*

1fooJ=f-lf!

JJj{

S''.l-if

J:fuifrt~

8

%t31inffl

f~

i§/IlfWflJJj{f5

ttl} [ti] I

U

Th'£3I~

Z rl~

ii

l

li

fri.

/i.liRQJ

(displacement scenario ) 0

~

!It

-

~m

'

i5

1

;:Ee~fH§'

8'~

~~

,

fi:r

x.fJ..

.*il

A

ro,

~ ~~r.~~~J'~~.~M~~~~l... ( *

••

) .~AM~,~-m;~~~

~ ~lifG • l!I 00 i~ bVlArJI w i..

~ faJf,±. ~i%iiJlJ

*­

II

~~m~~ , w l.. .A~AM~' ~~.~M~tl.. ~'**.#+~~'~w~~

it J6 ' -M<:. ;;r:: ~~;t~ .Jt!!.;iUI~. 0

John Robe rt Shepherd, Statecraft alld Political Economy 01/ the Taiwan Froillier / 600-1800,

~

~

tff~

j.J.-;'

• •

m

11 ltIl 44

11'j

;t:1JJJ

~;ff ~J;)J~~oo

11

rt

~'t

If

:tm~:till fm~~!;Il1j

,

~

W

Shepherd f=j~

iltf

U

Uffill't-J

3lWf. ' lIiJJ~ Ujzp.:tlff~tE4SJJ¥-J:B~1t:tt!H'f¥Z~fJJWJJ;)

MEffrt

:A:9tl~

,

~~53 ifm~Jf1tIi!~ti

'

~fJEzp.:tm1m1iffd-.rrjtt~u~±tj:.W~~

,

mllJmW~AfL. ~lUiliJt:0 Hd'9'~m:t:m~fF~

r

JNlt:tffi

J:tl!

J

'

IiI

l

l:i:m

F-! ~Jt

El ~

0 ~1iJ ;=5w:J~JE~~~

1if.llmJJj(.@:tthjiH~~i§W~~ 'W~mV~fmlill5t:PlT '/f~nJ-:J r1i~rrcmtj:th

lIJ

m-lr!$~~:£~ 0 10

Shepherd ~91j~tHif~~tM~R{J{[ef~?~U4f~~~

,

~~ftl!ili~'k5i!.,znjj

,

ft/3

~8~~~~~~~$~~*

• •

~~5i!.mo@~~d~~hm'~~~

~m*M~.~~~M~~~~,*m~

••

~W8M~.~'~.~~

~~.AAD.~'~A~~gM~%&~~fi~~ftA ' ~Brna.W

A~®~~.~' m~-rn=~~~~~~,~1t.~Rf=j~mm ,~~

••

~~~~m~~' Mrnlli~~~

•••

~~.m~~~~8~~ft~

~

, &fUffi

~1rnp ~1:.~~MLJJ;J~~ EE~~£mR~m~t 0 'lirr~~~~~tL IP3~T

'

lElJ¥f~fliil±.~~f{~1L

'

~~jt\~jC~=t9: f-

'

*~~~9='/J\~

• •

±'

H~~fJ3.ffiH1U~~?~fm

'

~f~3Z.#\hid1iWJ~~lHf~@J , n~}f~nX r~ff

rn.®

AAflln

J

!& J

~:ftttl!im*:~:tR 0 I) 1illi~mJ-:J-mfi/l'rJm:tth~~ntf5f:fmlll ' ~~~m

~MMU~fflm~~r~.~mJ'~~~WMUM,~w~~~.~e~

~

,

t1~mttIHEt iL!1i4tW~JJj(15tt!H~iJ 111~~{fE 0 12 WifJ!,{~*f*!r11W1jffi immFFdt«8'J~

~UHy'[ • BmlM~Shepherd o'-J~M~

,

.:t~g§1fBZP,*iij:tI2 rm:A:EfJ nffra9

'

;fPJ;=5~

~fjffi~m~lH~lliif?fl~WM~)\ MEifrE~kJtlW

:

iTIil¥f-'ffd~1fm;MJ;){&

(

+­

:tL

tlt*,c

)

:t~i$TifrE~ 0

~~~~.~~~~.~A±~ '~.~~M~.~~~~M~m

J0 ;fir .t·1lJ1: ( . .

AA

#

:

it

1-\ .J: ~~

#

J.t;&; ~ 1~ fiJ~Aft )

(

:f: ;!f:. :

'F;\!:

bJf

1E rst

#

-t

~iJf

1E

frrr '

1\

~90-f ), J[ 25-28 •

II ~:f)Of: On-1~~7~J:. ;;ffJ~~~ ( J700-J 895 ) (~;r. : 'F~-'1f~M'.ill:f\!t*~prr, ~~

86-f 12)} , ~!Ui. ) , J[ 6-22 0

12 ~~;f&: Cfr1-\ ~)$Jj r{f-$~tg.-ffl-1tB9t!dJJ : 1-~#~Jtg$i1,.J) , ('F~*1EBt~~~ 4Ji1t-~foJf~flJ ) ' !f69.Jm ( 1990-f ) ' fi 75-7~ 0 ~W'f'mL rfp '? ~~{~ fE8/J1m~

,

fli] f~

1f

~H$

ftL

-'r-

~

Il

lf rd

Shepherd 8~i t±&@~:~ j:$j ff~

m

}fFP 1=Jmm~

DJt

RS

j

-Jili¥

E

W

( J~Ht~ZP

:'tlf

3]!Jf;d~

.

­

3,~~P J;)] '~9!

fg,

~~O

fOJ

f¥

t\:

W

-iiil

j

~,*ntf~ ~~~ 0 fm~uJ t~ ji

iff

TmLf

In> i~*WT{ff: emJ~Jiij

·

f*~~~m.~

OJ{

e

fTrJfJ~ 1Jl:j~ ,

Jk

,

,,

J:lHW,'R

Et

D

1] ~i:f:~ f~ : -t;:] ;t ~) I~ iJi~{.::.:

45 ~

0.

m

Ii WI -f¥j iIiR~t.

R'J

~~ , ~~i53

lHfr

f1!-~

_A

_f

_1,.

:pT -±q 11 ;;'l]J ~I'r-h -HJ 1L.t' ~-J fiiC.\~"~~

r

~

#

JT

imc

tE

tt

lli

r

d

l

zqJl

,

WI

fJlii

'

~ f)(:t~ :f;. =l]J~ FM~ ~ , ",C\ /iti9 rp13: ~3&B3~flim

HI

ffi

)

Llt

fi

~~

lX,fEf

fd~

±1

:l

ft~H~ ~

z

:p/J \!Jb!m~

.

.

­

r

~~B3~iffi 'It,l;mT , =l.J~:~ ,,~l1I!J ",Co'P!I m

fffl

B'

J

3t

fu

E

ifrt

~tMJ5JTt$B'J~ l~rh1

'

*nr;t~ ;&l.LJ~~

(

+­

~tm~MR'Jm ttF;ti±ir~"1t-~ t.~1f

it

rJf ' ~~ tf*qr~Bt~~ zUf1e

riP

'? ~~flSl}j IJR:fJ¥-~!fl-1irtctl!t~8/1i~~ ? ~ff~~~~~ ~;ij!1mI }j iJl'Iffct~

~RtJfm~, ~~1itfuSZJtfi~ ' !M:rf~EHi¥Jg~3i~I:T#~ ,~tf5~~~~~l~tJ, fJJHll£m11t~*f.El*IJJt#H!r~;z

l' ' -fft

fu

i

frf.

:k

BtJm~

,

ffi!W{~~iJl&b :t~mu*

)

~¥~~~~~~ao~~~~$&~~~~;z~~m~~*E~.

Shepberd

(t]

fm!

ti

'

§M*~7Ul~rrriH~tfu~&i¥j~~JfnIFJSJJj{

,

~m(Jl1~lHil~

tt&

@J*1f*f~di~ifBm Wj*WHi~tfuJfi~~~ff ~HI

A

'07t:m '

iffi

*

;Z~~I-~t

mif~JT-*ZJS}}f:Tt)J~~{f 0

~Jmmi~~~~A~J#*Zfi~lf;Z1~*:tfu1J:rt,

ntli

rm1i

z

<rn{t~inJ#~fFJS

w~t~ffi~m~m~~>.~&MmtM.;z (R.~~~A~~~)

W (~~Zfi~OOHft.U~OO E~~~ ; ~~m~m~$.~l'~~~

f!.;;)Blfxl~±tfu

:

l.ffrt1i~.l}Xm~i[]rrFJ~ 0 2.iftWd:.~ff!±ii.lLpmii{[]A~ 0

3.~~J=; J;)Jc!i*'R=mfEIm~fffil~J~ 0 4.;gg~pm~f[] I*1~lrVm 0 13 1M;Z~B!1f

~~R~W~~m~ ' ~~.~&.W~R~ ,~~~=m~W~.OO ' ~

f~

11:

~m

ffLt

z

fa,

t

th

fi

5t

we

'

)Jl.

=m

~3::t~

fi

m

5f

iJ

r7'J '41-;z

~IJJ

'

;Z

$

It(z

*

~

~ , *m~~~1fm~~~OOm~m~~~~, ~~.~W~~~~.~

~~ff 0

Mffi~fi~ , ~m~a~~~g~'.WAM*~*~~m.~~~

:t!! ~fi iro~mt&

l'

1Jji7.kl~ *~a'0rrj:t

ffFp}}f:

J:. )

mW~30 1f.~tJHf~*!f.

'

l'

rik7l<

~~~l'~&~m~~l'~~~g~~ ' fi~lli~+~R'Jm.' ~M~e

OO~%.:~l'~*

• •

W~~~B'.~~~~'~.~~J:.~~&

f*~i~ffrtJBt

'

#it

~.W!±;zmtmtlli 0 14 M;tjil]t~t~lli

'

mW~cpWI~A

tEm*Zfi

~e~~g'~.A~~~'~~~~~~.~~.A=~n~IT , m$

M~ · ~m2. o ~~-&*m , m*.~~ff ' ffi~$.~~~~ ' ~

mM~~~~~.mg~ , ~~a~~ ' ~~~~.Aft~~~ffi®~

1:\ #"if:tfilJ : (ml~~H1!!.~J&.;f±1t-y;,,:~k1.\;',~;"fhf-*-fm,A1J<J), (+'h)t~!~~jlfJItt.:t1t. 1413t~) (:t:!l:. : <f~t.]f-1Er:;t:t;"4 .lt~1ErJfJ.tlf;ht, ~1l90-t8JJ ) . JfS7-61

14 ~11']1.:.: ()Jf.* ~1'-J,fUIl1t$!-~~Ml1'%) (~~: 4*#Ji.t1ti-:t1t ,t]. ~~90-t )o

: 46

~

~!E~'f1fJ

."

;jllillll

t

fi

'

~±HLdiIH*

R

B~ :t:~D{[IJ ~

;

m

!iIFf

~

I

't-J'R

l±

1*

In

~\ImlLA. j!

%i

d5'W1

j:thrnH1R;J:J~ t fllmffIJ~~

,

t)J&J:~JiQIjM1*[f~pQ~:t

'

JJ\iffip~o1rn~;zH

{*

0 l'~ijiZ~~M ' T~*ffr±[7g~j_9,!Affl~1-l~

,

rPJiiHI!i'fJtT~~ , TffjJJj{~ tt~,I}f~Fp )jj(.f*~ ,

*

~

,

~HI\ INd~TJU$;zJjj(~

,

mir¥iW)J

1Jffrrj!~.:t~

~bZ.?fj1'1\li{j'IU-~ 0 16 rm*,jjH~{*tJj:ili1J;t,~lEB'f~1t1*~2~X&n~ , ~

IV] ~

III

;\ijj±1Brn~

III/fdtTj

E

1

#1

MH,j~~ ~m

*

LJS

mr~j§!YfhlJ -~

,

Iffl*

m5[

ff~J;)

:ff

~ *g~

aJJ:l:tlrm

?frE~;z~~ c

~'~~A*~~~_

~

~a~~~_~A

z~~

1ft}dm~

g:

~ ~

ml

M• •

~~~.*~.~=g~~,~~~m

~§~ii~!)ji~~rm1j)cri~m~7mt (open-access common pool resource ) tzOrnJ

~*'~.~'ffMA~~M

••

'~.~.~~ffWA~m~m:~~

~@:sLHF1ti!tErn~1§fHt~ (common property ) • i]j\M~NI~fH1~mlliIm

(closed-access common pool resource ) 'me!f5f:f~~IIHHlprr~JP]firrn (public ownership ) , fY-jfitm~IJJm{*

'

~JlJ~{§~MRX¥H~A

'

g,::}'

e~ffrffffFf&11~ , $~~1lzpxl~P:1J

Fr

I1l

fYi!

ffl1t

~

t

iQ

'

J1t

1&:J:!

~~

fL

~

M

~ftjrJ

I!f

0 17

Jfffj!Ff

J)j{)jj(

m~~A~~~M~mm~,~~~.m~~~~~.~~'~M~~~ ~~~~Mt~M~:~*'.~.~A~M.~

••

~;z~*~M?m )j-l1U~7lffT~ 0 15 !Vi $F) 1-=- : ( JJf-~-'1'-~?t A a~ ;U#) ( JJf-

JR :

m.

i.

~.f-iL

:t

1't

<f'\'; ,

~ ~ 88 ~ ),

Jf

46 ' 58 ' ~O 0 16 a.i~1=-: (~*+J.¥.;tAlr.)I'thj;), Jf63-11 6 0

17 Ostrom. E., Governing the Com mOils-the evolulioll of il1sti1llliOl1S .lor collective action (New

York: Cambridge Universjty Press, 1990). Ejrik G. Furubotn and Rudole Richter. illstitutions

and Ecollomic TheolY (The University of Michigan Press, 2000), pp. 98-102.

- ,

,ll

JJ

'

H!f#i~

- IIDZ ffi%

-

!q:.

~-

J

0 IK

flUS

.

A';

JmYbl

?

min

:$ )

.

1

__

*:iI

l

Jf:HIH~!rf.1m

}]

Jt

ffrUI~ffl1 j;)

i

11"

-

t~::t~

ill

f

rru

[~

JEfiJr

rPJ

~I , f~J=tPf ~

mIT

l

if

f'l

c

it

Jfj

I

lill

Ai

-~ -~J~ ~~t~

,

1'*

~

,

iffi'@fm~

fli.

U

1;\1

±~2

*

~f.tf

1ft

Ji-t

J

-jfu

~ I ~ _U~'Y: IQ ~Il J[ 320 0 -;li-*{~: , r .fit

1t

:

;ft ~ I "::"--'=-8

it ..

~, It] j !'f. :t:it :

4-

)

,

ff 82

47

ztG

~ 11. lql ~ ~5ffi ~Ii

:0

1m~

;L fMlJ f~

· ffi:i

In{

m

j±mH~~m nu~

,

~t

'rm*ntf

jt

~Alf-1fJ

~

: t §?t~PfT ,ource ) ~D[frJ ff~m

;

~~ J

'

I

i

~ f'-l~

trm

p

fr

19

(public

M

HFft!1

'liW '

17

Jff-

*

zp.

Jjj(

W­

,

~1,,mttMH §*~{oJ ? {!! :8

+

)

,

N46 ' live action (New :btcr, i nstitutions

i'lII rI.: Ifff,lY zP IlUJ1.

t1!

J\ ~tJtMtllMJ!t~5!':z

1iFfj'E

- "

it

JJ /'\.

~J:

1t-

¥!t

'!t!!Al

~

~,

Gi$f!em~) ~2A: I~Ll/ 1mJjf:, ~JmlQ~J 0

lJ1t!t)fE3m2

:tf-:

FL

fi:J

-~R-1f-,.~;L~a~a ili o.A ~~MOO.~'*~~~~

~.

J

0 18 t.Nt;J~Ll/~~O~ ±~W!Er'0mt~

,

1fmm~OO~fpJ1ft:V~J~Ij -t:iFt)J:

~~~ ?~~~~'~~.~~AA

••••

~~ (ffM~.~~~~.~4

$

)

_

J

-

.

•

~~*~q~;

I

··

··

·

·

±1l

;L

cp ,

1itt~LlJ J\ffdJ'!~il5

'

1ffwff f~~

~.~~M. 'M.m~,m.m~J ' ~.~+Am~mM'.LlJA~$

7t~±

-i'fiIJ

t)tffi~ff1Jf!.J=mfW\1

'

~~~tE-l--t:tlt*ct.tM

'

~tE (~#i1PE*!~)

YJ

n-~m~~.M.~M% : I.~~~. '~~. ' -~~~~Mo~

~~~M~ , ~oo~*~m'MW-OO:~~~9*' M~~ (n: ~

ffif)

,

{~Afif-~

,

lIl~f~~QJ 0 19

¥~rr.m~OO·hl

•••

~ffi'~'fi&

• •

,

• • •

m, ~m­

~

A~

~

m,

~

.m

••

~~

'

~~

~

='

-

R'.~~.o

W

lmt Ll/;\ijitiEJ!I~~

,

~Mt)*~nJ~tt~*Et ElJE~*~~

,

!t~fF1Jrtm

~-&tzlflfJtfIJm1.J~'

f§IlmtttS,

~D (.Ll/~;:&) gt~;

I

fjfEB

t)

.

~~{I~ ,

Vu

&

8

~~;L

--tfJ

0 21 ~~£

Fl EtJ '

jC~Jljf*i,§

o

a'

;:]

13

*EtrtM

~ '®ill~~~m~~g'~~I-Am~mM$*il1ffm~g~.~o

!p). /

iJ

;

\

f±1f

+-t:

ttt

mc

m

WHJJ~

13M:!

§J

,@zWMlffr

±

fr

'

1~~7.?dffffJf~!t

l~~~~~~'~M.~.~$'.~±~~.~.~~~~Ma: @

ii~t

Uili

lli

r~1'~

J

;L1~'UJttiMfjlli(~ t ft~mn~Ml!l.Ll/J\ffIT.~${Jj~~ I~ .:u~·~ : <Yf;})fLJ.iff,~)' .J:~:tJt1:~#-t:ftJ~

1#

( ~;lt. : kJ!$:$J , t\@73.f )·

IT 320 0

1'1 -;t:j;~Jti : (:t;;;Ht{!~*), N 166 0

ell r jt1;: tt*~u' $-~t, ~iL'?kJl '

{t-lf

0 x--'lf~* ' 1tkk,

";f:_a«,

$;tiiSr

~'~8·.~~.o.A~M~*-+~~'~ ~I;

•••

*~'~ · .~.

fr

'

,\\t, ~.j:it!':- , -i}u*:t~tJ o .1.~<$ : (~H-1tJ.iI%~)' N67-68 0

~I ~-:tjt : (~J.i~,f"t), ~lf-t.tl::J:ftJJf; 124~ ( 10 :11:. : :t~~~T,~i~~Jt:t' t\~50

1

0

~

48

~~~

:rU'J

8411

_;!U

M~.M~'.~-H.~~~~&fi~@~· ~~.~~~.=.'­

~

ffr±

1ic!J~

ti!!

(f]i

±

~

fk

~

tfu

)' =~itjfr

±~H~2t

i!!

(.ff

dj~l=ftm

)

,

22

ifrjft£~

.~m

••

Mm~ ' ~.W~B~mm'~~.~&~M.r~~BM

~J 23

0

-=- "

it

J.J

/\..~±,fJ,.

;fij

J

t~

1f3

JfX.

z

01

!­

fiilLlI /\m±~#tfufm~1'm

'

m?{ja?fWrl1~~~~1l:: "l£g~¥Jtlifltrjfl~~

:008Rli

f-P

'

t5tftltj~~JE~tm =-&-;!~J~HVfij2!Q:~1~~1111Jgr~~Ff.JF7mffij

,

24 ~f~~~

Am

.~wm*

••

~aa~ ,~g~/\~W~~.~~&~&~~~¥;L.

~

'~

RAA~*~~.

~~M

~

m

~

~mnm

@

ttM&.

o~

®

~

.~.~

~.~~~~~

~

~'.M~

.~~.'~.Bm~~A~~.m~.,

~rntE~U~WTH!

'

J;)Jf'H&~~'11f1jIJll~5I~~)'jjiIfiti{~~B'-J/fJE 0

L-J

T

~mtJiUll

;\

mi

em

±t

fu

fi

d31JJJKm:~f-ftW !lli~iI/iJT

Jr:;

%xtlli tiif

k

fi

1t

;LkSl

*

'

mtDJJ

22

~

Bt:l

~'±'.t~~ItIa'J:

<

k~ll*~1£) ( 1:;1:. :

*-* 3\

1t~,l:t;W E 8 tt:fll. ' s}l)~ 37 .if-9 jJ

0

1.78 ), 1[ 29-3 0

23 U~fd±~)Yvip,J1Lt 1'f-> ' <J)('i&.-t~t!-1l'-II1-~:t!.Ji~) ' ~f1t: 4254 ' ~f1t 59 ' Jr

42540590452-453 ' 0493-0494 •

24 Yuj iro Hayami, Development Ecollomics-from the poverty to 'he wealth of nations (New

York: Oxford Universi ty. 1997), p. 14.

2~

_.

_{~.~A~A#~~~ ,~~~~.~a~·.r#lk.~kt.~ ·#~+}

M~':'-iff! it 1642

Jf-

2 }] 21 IJ J:.

T

·

M-

ftiJ'tf ii! t jlJ~~~ ~{i-A..i:t.

*-11

J 0 JG t~*'

'1' ~

: ( E,

it~it§.#i. 8 ~c.) ( ifJ 49: :

f:

i'~ ;if :tit:.fd~

t" '

~~59 .if-6 jJ ),

Jf

373-3 74 0 r7iJ ~.f# 1.4~ If. •

.tt

I634 .if-{.y MA.. ../1

f-

i't:f r.n -M;

-t

h ~ ~lit jjt • )'IJ 1640

Jf

litH!; t1 ~tA.. ;Ji:fji, :

-tt

~f:f Jlit ~.~ , ~.~ r n~~J'~

••

~*·~~~

••

~~B~I~.~;~~~~.

~'~~&A.'~~~~ ' ~~~

••

~~I'~~.d*t·~~~f~~c~

it 16414-4 }] 11

8

roT

M

-k

l'1* i. . ~t#

4-M-

(Paulus Traudenius)

11

#!.

M

l1!Mi.*1t;r; ­

~~~~a'.~A~'1'~&~~'.1.~ 'k*~~&~.~~~-k~~ft*

11 · JUx.-tft1.ihi : O~~lIUa8tt)' II -A ( 'l~: f:rtJ!friftJll , ~~91~-7}] )

Jr

1-3 • I 643 4- I 0 }] rJf ;;tr if! ~A i-±

1l

t:.

"*

J)ut f.;) {.y fr ~~!ti fit. 3t1:

#

r.Hht

c JL (#:-

All

itJi

E it), TI-C ' Jf 199 0 ~D~ ,-)i~f~~O~ JffiW~

3

:

kii~~58

if.

lmlll~;L / 393,456

A

A'

¥~~~ ffi±An~~" , ~:tfMm-! (1903 )

H

:

~ r.~

,

~

II

'

+tH 3 H 12,948

I

E

tlJ

pr

\iiII' I~ i!i Rffl1f, I"

~'<. (~'l" J ~" -~6 '*i 4# ~t

:

27

r*-

:t

it : 28 I!H.~-A

:

49 4-8}] 2~

r

}jt~55

-t

-=-s

-J}

-=-

-t

k T ' 1.~, ~A o r,tc,it ' 1\~l(JJ

•

;'~

,1ft

,(:

193 0 30 < AA ~ rl. 4254059C

49

~

th~

:flJ-:­

:;:

11)

•

~'fi

.

/!Jj

tt

Ni!J!l:®5:t

~=W

'

_

-

ffctf{

:fof

tfu

)

,

22

mHt£*~

1&

If.f

m

f!it;

r:J{ ffr± ~

N;f

o

t£~~

ll

fffjlj

JJt~~

vtJffij ,

24

~!li

f

~

~ft

AJtf

.

,

- fiE

15Z.

{Jftj

~

lfi

;-Zl~

ffi

0 25

rm

1-:,1.

'l"

rr#~ffct

)'-

A jjf!

~

if

NH"R

~

,

f

fj

fJft8'

J/0

JE

1-:)

T

,

1§I

1

t;

12.

flJ

* '

0

IDt

f1jJ ~ # :1fl. , 8)b'f; 37.f9JJ 4254 ' .~59 ' N j!zQtf~ ~o"T 0 1-ft~f~~

n'-Jfl1Jo!Ji!

Ii

OJ

J\ffd:

A

0

Ii

);R~~33 ~

,

InfF~I*~~LlI ;\ff!±9i-

'

R1=f-{I¥~1± ! f~m~ftre;frt.

'

26

,U~~58!if

(1

719

)

,

~i'4!gglIUtf.:i~~jf~1!i~~-PHij " 27

ljiZ[5£26

!if

(1

761

)

llH~~

A

D

~

123

,2

37

A

'

&~ J't~20

if

(18

94

)

,

Il.

Lli

~

AD

E5i

393,456

A '

;!t$JJj(JI~Ii LlI;\ffd:mtfJX;z~i~HI~.&~lL!±!~~A D~161,056

),'

(f(j~ttIWjJl.LLI!Il**~Atl~i¥J40% 0 2M~~ll:t-a~M' gJ~~55!ifffJl. 111J\

ffd:An~m4,345

A

, 29

mm

Mf

M

'~J~Jil.lll;\ff!±ff!±:mADf&

'

~1:EtlUf~55

:q::

:tI

M~

H

'i9:

9

i-

'

m

1~

ML

*=

f~

•

~~~

1'4t El

0

m

m

M

~

RIf!Z

If.f~ ~

W

Hti

36

if:

(

1903

)

%tf.t[WJ~f~ I~~fffJ±:{~~F

o

tfnJ

it

'

J5{i$F.itLlJj\ff!±~m.HJi&~Ii1r.i

~~~ · ~~$m,~gg~m'~.~m,~.~m&~.~m;z~.

ff '

~§t39 {~fJEE' ~~t2,170F

'

~6,267

A'

:t(6,681

A

'

ffrl:fffAD~-g­

H

12,948

A

0 30

n.~

••

~.ff~D~~a.LlJ;\~ft.AO.&~~~~ ' ~.

~yi!fiiiJjB~W=J

(

El

flI:f

JJJ:JR)

~11J/\m±ffct.

AD

5t1n

1J

'

ftfllil2

M~

,

tE39 1W~{\

26 ~ 4~¥t: (

i

;"M

.t ) ( rfJ 4t : ~;~.!tj':~:. 4t$-)1

t-

'

~~82 Jf-),

Jf

2

~allh of nations (New 0

27

Et:t

i!

:

(I).. J.! #.f.•t ) , li 26-27 0

2~ Jt1.~.

A

:

(

1l

J.! ~.

*-

iHft) , f:;t.f :t.«t::t fH~ 73 >ll ( i ;li:. : f;l.f 'Ii {t jf~'11'

:1t

1:

'

~IiID

,J;, -k 'it

~

lit .

~;f

f-

4­

49 Jf-8 Jl ), Ji 11 -15

o JLf~4<ftf : ( E. 0

~ r.~55~• • '.ili~~AT-~~~e'.:t~~~• • ~A~~. , ~.*.e

3-374 0 r?i7>.I..#t1.~ii

+~~e~XT oo ~~~~.~~*' .#~EX~~To.~~ ' .4~.!* t A ,;Ji:fit :

1"+

#-If )Jf{

~~+X ~fL T':::' To o J JU~:t

it

:

(lfA. J.! rM"t· ) ,

Jf

65 ft Fi 21f-

*'

T ttfo.Jl ,748

AtLN ; ~;~rfUt ~ 0

T'

#~~

~

5

0~

T

.~A

~

.

T

A~

• •

'.4~~~.~

.:ta~

~

.

~A~

A

It.Ji'J

:z

't :JJr

m

0 t!§

o

iUt

,

~t.-#i.Ut J ,748A ' Jlttt;b,J:1t1\~~• •jfoJ~~$jjtt , f~~~#l~Ttt, ~ # Nii!!jm.~.ft~_

i\~!t J.iA~J:.1tf*~~i'!!.Aott 0 JLr!i J*ft : (l:i",,* .t ) , Ji 129-1 30 ;

tt?A:

(:iff

1 ~~:±. k ~f,[ -it.

iJ!.

;~ ;~ At .t) , j: i~

:t

tr:

1i

fH~ 105 ~i ( i::lt :

:f:

~i!U t f1: i~-'Jf

1t 1: '

I\ ~ 50

Jf-

)

.

Ji

J\@ 91 .f7}] ) , 0 ~ ~-ti

"

fi.., (~~, ~n 193 ~~ {)- Ii i' 0 ~ ) , (J)L ~:I: ~ ~

1f R't

/~

:t

f#, .J) , -.flii

*-

:

4254 ' ~

*-

59 '

Ji

42540590496-497 0

iii , ~ ~

-B­

of-\. ~ -=i ~

ttl

~

r:.rr

L-~ ,r,.­

ttl

:It

...

-N

~

I!I!!!

~

-N

' ... ~ ~

Ii:

f~ ~ ,

.=::r

~ ~

ii

•

'.

'-;:-"

,

ttl

0

~~

«

ti-*

ts

ttl

mQ

-<

-*'

-~ ~ ~

$

~ , ± -£h<

*

~ ~ ~ F-­ ~ ~

!t

~

W

~ ~

-3

ttl

, \[rf

ttl

~ ~

**

, ~ ~ ~

IEf­

13

~

t!::l

mr

il*

jIi;[ In@:

4J;I

IrH;

ttl

, , 0 tm[ ~

18

, ~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ "'-"' rB: ~ II

1f!t

1±l

~ -6'\ .LX ~

=

K

.p ,

t«

ttl

\tj

ftW

~

.=::r

ttl

­

v

~

tl::!

;;g

:!§i ~ *"" Hill

1f!t

Je;rr ~

+<

~ -..-

,

~ §ll M t::I , M -<:K

ttl

ill

I!!§

**

.we

~ ~

-at

m

IEf­

~\

m.

-a--IW

t1nj ' , -, f.

11*

•

mt

,

**

-a--N

~ ~ ~ , ~~

1±1

-i

0

tl::!

... ~

t=

\ll...

1±1

rum

I!m

~ ~

tl::!

:It

~

r:q

0

.,.,

ff: ~ -N ~ $I

III

a=

(R

0

-<

mH

1;1

t:!

C

=:l

~ ~

•

~ ~

rn

'--" $

~

~ / I

,.

L

..

....

' "", . r o.i . (

.

-~

•

.:.

I'l

*"

'-.

<.: ~ 0 ~ -1$ ~ ~ ~

-w-"*

~ '$I ~ =' ,

*

:,... i.l +' 'I£­ ,..; -3 If! I!!!f ." l5( lit; :r:' fll!:\ ~ ~ r;

e

',~~ ~ I!ll ~ ~ U"> ~ ;':\ ;~ ~ ~ :¥ -.-~ ~

W~

-0 N ~ J:L ~ ~ -1

-3

~~ ~ t;o

L-tti

:Jt

:$il

'h-­

-N

~ ~ ~

-N

~

tt

f~ ~ """­ ..:::::r -..l ~ ~ ~ "

,

~

52

_!f

til

~1fj

CIt.

_m

_n.

_Wl

II

ffj ~aJ] : ;f. gij

ff

r11ll )jf

t

if<-

J,~

-fe-Ill

'

i~~ ~~ ~i$ ~: O~

1

\

:t ,'"

)jf. ;ft

if<-

J.~d~

± ~

M~-fp:#ctfMl{¥\>' (if<-;!itl~tfW.f:~~£:t:k1t1i;jX~)' J[7 ' $i~Ut

A o~ ~I~_m~«~~A41'1~~.~~~ ~. Mi~~~

~tt~I~~ '*~~~D~~M~~.~R.~~Q~~T:

1. k~~ 2.~"J.i~ 3.-k i,liia,4..2. ~~

5.

~{iH~

6.iL1t

o ~f\7.~jffi ~

_8.JJf-*­

rp

9.

1<-

~f; ~I

o.

At4

~t ~11 . r*J ;i/j

n

I2. ~

!t

~~ 1 3.

#

lfJ ~14. ~

'.'H

~15.

£If

00

~16.

*-

lJi ~ 17. iVJJ;.Hi ~18. t;.t~ 19.

m

I'll ~20.

£If

:14'-~ 21.~.f.~ ~22. i1 ~ ~23-*~*~ 0

_.~~ :~I~M8.~*.J.iA~~*(Ao)~~~. ' ~~MT~ (~

.:t~M~~~:kM.)~~_.~A:

1. < ;tI!] :t ~.t

*-

~

II

~.t T

.2.

~

-=-

~ffi.

lB

flY

>

'

~

It

:

4404 ' {} $t 3 ' J[

44040030006:

<;¢J

1i:

I!.t ;f. ~

Ii

~& T 1:. r*Pm

w..

:±:

fIt) ,

if

It

8 ' J[

44040080009 : (~:t

Pot

;f.~~

II

~

*

T I ~- ~R

lB

flY) ,

-frIt

14 ' J[

4404014001 1 0

2. (~:t r;t

it

1f •

-Jt.

1

e

~

it

M ~

iJR

lB

~

)

,

;j$ $t : 4410 '

*"

$t 6 ' J[

44100060033 : (~:tilit 1ftt:1t~{-it~.2. ~iffi. lB fJj" > , -it-ftt 8 '

Jf

44100080044: <~ ~ ~

it

1f

-tt..t-1e

4'-

:it:l:

m

Pr -

iffi,.

:±:

flY

>

'

{r-

#.

20 ' J[ 44100200106 0

(=)f§

*

f'I:!fo/Jl¥J

i31

~W ~~

tll

vrq 891]11

fiT

1~A~~,;t:l¥Jf~U~*~

,

~~tw~Wj;tMtH~!lt~,I~L@,:f§rm

'

1'f+;\tlt*2

$M

'

JJ-LlIJ\m±ElrJ~.L-)J~llitffl:±" 13-ffct@~~ij§:f-ftzD~A:f'J#f '

}a][II

t)tt

*~.,g**~SM*~

'

••

*

$R~*~

,

rn~*.m~.*

,

~

(mfl~IIlLlJ~~;t-> ~c.x: rzpJrM~~Ht:~J\ffct 0 ~;\Wrt:fJJ5~fU~ , J~~ffl]t'J '

~~~~~ , ~~+~~~o ~~~M'*W** , ~rr~~ ' 4~~~

*Hf~1,* 0 ffd:zM1~tL:ti

'

Eln~

EE

III

'

W~)J$#M~tt?

J

"

31

n

IM:(f+

J\

~R$M~~~.LlJJ\ll ' E~~W$~J5.M~~~~~o *m~B~

~~~WffWfIllz t~filtj51-

'

MJm*fIJ~~ffi~ ~~

,

T~1R*~.L-)J~:rm LLr

J\ffd:

~f~pq~[§'&~*l~LZ*flJ~~m , {rz1B~[§ID.~~H~&:' OO~$~~ifJJ 31 l r;t

t'

:

(

't+} 11 ~~,% ,t,) , Ji 60 0 if' f\: 14 ~Ffi ~ , f~~, ~r.' _{.~ , ~:~i1} l~,,:t_; :j5.

1m

~

ffii

fJi~~161 ::.liff~ag: .'",!,~ , I <l41D t~ 0 ffil1~

\l!

fo

ffi

J

ffiii±~JH~ ~[tJBn "

i'

j:~

am

\I

lITjJl1nH~

mU

@EtIt~ f~L~~fj iiit~j:g I~OO (9iJ Mf~

tV'L

iE

{~1~ itrr~,'~l

1X:

A

(011

l;jEl4

*l~1

ifr

l

)

Pf

(

32 Iti~-l lJ \ ;'.~ Ql 4315(

53

~

~

~1fJ

flfh

1i~

1( :f

7~

hf

t

T-

~Be]

.±.

:!t!!.

Lt~}, 1[.7 ' ,*t~;t ~~9)J i~

-+

M

g) Jt:lA: ~~ t~~rjf-:koT :

'L

-:ko

~7,!lJiI] ~

8.4

t.

FJ~ J4.~~~ 15,;1,'f/!) '-~2 J

.#

.

if:

~22, 1f ~ J:5 ' l.q:

-I

t

.~, T §JJ (J-t : 4404 ' i} ~3 ' 1[. R ~ fJf

>

'

~ ~8 ' 1[.

:±:

fJf

> '

*,itt

14 '

Jf

441 0 ' 'if

itt

6 '

Jf

~ ~ fJf

>

'

*tt

8 '

W

9~ - >JR ~ fJf

>

'

fH't

§

IHJ

'

1£

+

J

\

t

it

m~

'-

:f1

m:

'

mJ

[If

J.-:),J

/

J

r

fa1.f111'-¥ tl

1£

'

tz

o

ff

f! '

IIHlm

1f

iH~r

'

)If

m

'

tf::

~

Imt*1

J

0 31

PT9;

0

1£+

J

\

~

0

7.k

fEl

~E~/J.,%

~

I

X

*

1li

L

Li

J

\ ff

l±

,

~~~~/!t·m

r­

UJ1 'l~t~![

fj(ff

7.k

ill

FA

Z

ffl

0

iffi

nr*

Zjl 00{

z

tJ

If

pHi

'

1f~pi

tJ]

J\lll.;.U&*

fit

~ ~

,

~~~t1rz1Y~~T§EdtH~lI!ZJ.kfIJ~tjm~30 (~tjlfiliEd2 @1~Hi~

,

3

2

'

(

Jem*

'fJJit

~jTIji1t

)

JKFE

.fa

fi

F

zjUJf~$!i

'

J;J:ff~ j§

mz

~~tJrf ~{9IJ

'

:!tri

EBoo

fjH~~160 Ej3 0

I ~1Wf~J4 (J~~1t!!f$tJ

~~J;J*'U~~

••

~fi~~g~M~ZU~BH'.A±~&.

~ o ®~ffl~m~,.~~m

••

~n~rff±W~J'.llim.~~.m

.maTD.~ ' .~~~U~.~.M , ~~~.~ftOO~~~~~~

§~±~')H@,i!llAmfjztlQ

'

)15~1ij:ih

'

/ffjjIJ~~JTtjmtili 0 m~44~m~Jt~Ei~f~

~~~~M~.~~~zm~~, .~~.~~~~~§~~~~, ~~

.~~~W , g~~.~~,*@~mr~~J~,mm~M.~' -.

IWf

~

lm1-lf

'

33 tH~~~

-m

ffdJ

m

fI

0

'\FfNHJl}E.t-fu-1=ft9?*pfLE{~

•

IHjQ~~41&UJ~Jili

'

'i"A~1Xj:ililE1ftrm

fiJ

EfJ

t.~ER~2 :07 ~·4

rf

-

,

=mfi3.

~Efl

EEl

8

E~6

E '

1±!t~~fljQ;®J!iff

'

i.l

n~.$.~m 'iffi~.g~.m , ~~~~.~m**.~~ , .~.

r

frt1i1:.H '

~1It241f. (1 759 ) ~JUE : riJl£~jU~l~;fjf~~~·~~ZIIl~'

AA

~~M~~,m%-~M~.moJ ~.~.~tl.~A , m~A~~.

*,,~lE1;tH?f2

'

#!Uffij~rf397H~

,

ifw1LJ

a6*,pri~Et ~~ct:fj 0 ~~33 ~ ( 1768 )

&J

Mm.w~~

••

:

r.~~.~~~.EEI~~ftMM~~.W ' ~ff~

~A~.*~~m~g~~~ , J;J~~-o J ftS~~~.$~.~.~

~M~m~M~~ , J;Jtl~.~~~.~, ~.~~~m~~.hl. ( .

ffr±

)

Pffn

0

3~ rl1t-j, : ( 1fL J-i ~%

*

"t~1fIt) , Ji' 65-69 ' 87-91 0

33 (~~ i~rl'J ~{Ul:k;fll.:gtG.t!i

>

,

(J.ti&.l: ;'I.\',~'tH1-~~iJt,J.), ~j1itt : 44 15 ' 4I-!it 26 '

Jf

~

mr~

54

IIH!'

~:rffJ

.1Ii

';\

li. JVj

t-

f

l

*

'

~wA~¥~~~~~~~$~~

I±Ll.~t~~o ' !J.wJ\ffr± f'mt~~tif!ffiU~1l§,

1£

r;\ttt*c

J;J

f&'

[E1i~~

~~8A · W$*ffi~§

_••

&~~.~~~~mm'E*~~~~.'

ffij~!{!1lftt~ZIil wJ\ffd:.tff~ ~~n:r

9;0 '

-mffr±fL~J;llifim!~

,

{}j~¥1j ~A

-ffi=~~Z~~ ; ~~ , ~~~,

• •

&~ft~MRwJ\~1fm.~~

ztffm~~m%,*~

• •

~.m0~~~~zo

-

, 1J...

J.J /~i:

:

bfl. ~

J

~llf

~

flJ

(-)jHd:~3:ffj~fd:

lItEE3:

ffj

BmfJJM~H~If?I!±tth~1t}aj~r ~SAm321f~361f

'

mtmma~Mpfr

Ii

~.H , ~~ ~~.~m~~.J ,~.~zM~~oo,~~m~~M4&

~.U~M&'.~~BM.~

•••

wm±~ '3ru±§&.~.~~

fil

'

ffd:.DMJ£Jt~-3-m-jjrJwm

'

J;J$~.ff!±~{ijlJ

'

~if~#~±§ 7H~100

15

'

lf~c40

15 '

~§12

E

'

Ej3 tf1 2

15

'

1iT

14*Jl ' ~~J:l16

E

'

flH!±~~

~m4015

'

~meJtm

30

ti~

,

lltcS(NlfI4~lR~5fil~~

;

fL~Mj£;ZfJ3.~

,

~~.~a~~ o ~§~~m~~a~.~.m~.~.TM'~~~

••

~{*J;J.m±~~tlt~

,

JF~I-1lMffr±.ii@A~J;J~L&

'

r!&.ffd:ft£~pfr1&fl3.~$

.~.Mo~.WA~~

••

nz.~m~'R~.~&~~*.~' M u~m~.~~=J' ~~~.~m~~rnJ' ~~~U~~B~~J ' ~~ W~~~~~J' ~ea~~ffi&.J' r~~.~~*m~~J ~~~m

~.J~ '~.ffl& , -&~m.~~.~*~.~.OOg~~~.~,

t1Jff

!±

~Jf~f~

ffi=tfm '

mffctillL~~ff!±.@J1fmH~*'fJgzfli~~

,

r!&tE.~ ~~D

llim*rn~ ~~~~m~J ~~~m~m.J~ ' ~~-1i~~'.~R

34 O~~HH.tVi.*J1Lt1'f > ' (J}tj{i~$.!,il'-Rt/~:t$Jj4) ' ~~*: 4254· .*'59 ' Jf 42540590452-453 ' 0493-0494 0

55

I

~'n~

,

~I~~

tili

m'

--

i

IJ

?ffi.A

*Zf-W­

R~WJFfT

II

~Mi£R. F~J!IV&

_

,

7t~:ij 100 1ffffrt~~

:zHl

fj

'

\J

r-H!lH~!i

*

~~zJll~r=p

-

tmD~

,

~D

-

'

J

..

f

7J:

~ r~tJl '~~li1i&

'

:m~

P"J

tl

P

::. ' :ff

ffdJ

Mf

~*, S9 •

1!

B~5(113(fEl~ z~~*m~ffct1IHjfil33-=t1i/2JtMm~~

"

iTIiShepherd

ItlBff,S-133

=r

~

.

~

~~

Am

M.

~

~M~'

••

~

'~*~.~~~.2'~~­

~~L'm~~~.Z~~~~~-I33=±Z~m~~ o ~2 :.~.~.~m&R

••

~rn~m~~.~~ ;!~Ht 1t tt ~.: ~~*ft,.~m~*~#

• • •

A~.#~M. ~ iL ~D:frJl

-*tFi

29.

1 f - - ­

61

I ­

63

r---­

34

f - - ­

4

I ­

35

f - - ­

36

r - - ­ 64 t---­ 38 t---­

39

-7

-42

-43

-71

-

₄₄

.

22

~~¥M~ ' ~~'~~ ' A~~%~:~~~OOl~ '

-f

~1i ;fA ~

3

+

0

~~¥~Mk~~~~2A:~~~T~m2~4~' -f ~ #.JlJ kl1iAt12 ~

0

-*t

II.!

3 6

if­

~.#

• •

~~:~~~T~~~~OO l~ ' +&~k. ~5,t; 0 ~Jli 36+

T

£

*¥

• •

~~.2 A : ~~~ro' ~-f.AA

• •

5

+

0

-ttFi4

51f­

• •

~

• •

~~ : ~~.*ro4 .' -f &~~~*

• •

8

,t;

0

~tF.l47 • T~*#

• •

~d:~~~tOO5~'-f~

• •

1 ~5 + D T~*#.~~~2A:~.~~~J ~2 ~ '

•

• • •

3

+0

~.#

..

*~:~~aT ~~~OO' -f ~~k$~ l ,t; q

-fr,Fi48

-f

-,Ui485f

-A1t

;t-f

T£*#~~~~:ro~fOO' -f ~.I,t; o

Jf,,ts-f

T£~~.#~~ ;~~ ~~TM~OOI ~2 ~ '

• •

AA

~!L. 3 .r;~ 2 + 0

AJ!84­

• •

~

• •

*~~~~2 A : ~~.~~~~m5~' -f

Ilie.M -fr,

~tll.

2

+

0 .J;~ J2 if

-T

£*# • •

k~~2 A:~~~M~~ rol f'-f.AA

;f!L~

5

+

0

lal:.

1

5

Sf­

T~*~.#.~.3 A : ~.~M~~OO l "-f~~ ~A

J.

2

.1iJj

3

+

0

:A-~

1

64­

~.#

• •

M~: *~M~OO l a ' -f _k

• •

l

+

o

~JJ: 164­ T~*#.#«~:~~M~~OO l~ 7 ~' -f £

• •

2

,t;

0

- - ­ -- -~~

1

7-f

_ .

~

56 _{[ill ['}

~::rff

J

eGl

u

_III

45

T~*~.~A~~2 A:~~~~2~' ~.k.l3

+

0

!---­

46

T£*~.~ ~~±.3A: ~_~M~~ 1 ~9~ '~' :fll}1t Pli 8

4

0

~

~.#

• •

*±~~.2A:*~ ~.~~Aw ' 5f-~M *AA~2+

0

r-so

T£*#.#~~:*_~M~Tm~OO4~'+'M. l 5+ 0

~

T

i't

7}c

f

J.

:ft}~,f. i~

Jt

*

2

A :

*'

~±1 y~ ~

f" T

WP iIJ

iii

l }:l~ 1

f

2

71'­ ,

+

~HR:fii

Rt.

3.bJi 2 + 0 ~ 53 _{hh#.~~. : ~~~aTM~*W I M·+_AAk~} ~2+51t°

~

_{T£*~.~L~:~~~ M~wOO4~1" 5f-'M k} ~.1l ~2.qj 3

+

0

O

f *l-

~if-t. : ;f.-;;;f

1t

§J

-

1-Ht

£

0

I,;-lt

18

lf­

:A-

Jl195f­

ii17t.Jt5f­

i!t

j(.

25f­

I

11Ut45f­

~i~

10+

7t.M

t

6lf­

~3 : m

fA

1JX

1

1t

.tt

16 18 21 22 23 30 I

1

9

41 ~ ~.~ffOO

••

fi~~M~m~.~M.~

••

~m.ww.~m~.

~

~m.~ 47 1 --l

ffi

~ ~~Il ~¥t ~~i'

,

jl)(~lIJIl/lf{1J ~HiiJfJ ~m:tm

tit

'

~~~EH-rmJ~

m

₅₄

~~~~~t~m~~'.M.~~~.Am$OO

••

~~~~mm

••

58

59

~.~.,~.~®m~®A~~m.OO~m~m.~ o ~.WAM.~

60

$' R~&±~*~~,~~ r~M*rnJ ' r~mq~J ' r~m~D.

67

fJl~J' r I3fHtfl~.tmtth~5[f1iJ ' r§2@~fJ:l~J' r§~f:l1.J'

r

i

Jl­

~Ui~

J

~.

r

4~*lEl~

J

~mt

I

N '

Tffl ll:tfill~*,'J~fi1U~F

rfflJ

ll

'

l'm-i'~:±'

69

I

~ W~.:tm~'~$

• •

~~,.~~.~~~mn,~~~n~ , ~~~ 74 I $A:~~~~~.~mA,.~~rr~~t~~·~ffi~m~~M~~

I

~

~JJit1l:fIJ~~ 0 l1t~rbffd:~1f;zf~1C~pff~fi

' !!XIBni±1i§l

rr~1f[~~~~~!f:z

;i

:k

I

+::K

I 'I~ . ~

f.El~TIDtflH~f~±J.f1Lz'IWJB '*~~:E!{~~O*3 0

it

~Jj

-

-• ?ini 1m ;iltf

UiHRt'

@~

W

J\Jf,tJ:tMtififlJ

J!£Wi!z

frJf~

57

."Jf:.

1

8

if-

~3:~.~ft~• •~~~M~.~~.m

••

~.~

•

f;!iij

fJ!

14-tt

~.: ±~*~ '~.A~~~~~_~#

_{• •}

lf-~_~

1:iiiti-J.,

J!

19

if­

_;fil~9 .i! }Ut. -t .i!Jt

2

if

itU

t

41¥­

~ if; 10

if­

:7C ~

6lf­

fiJ~#~#

*-

:K-%

3A

:

7~X.m1 1 /J' :tJi 17;'­ 0 fJT

:tt.fi

16

18

M.#.

±

• •

2A :~~£A.*~I.~U. 'if-~

l:

:i.

;ffi

1ro;;fit.

2t ~ 0 ~

Jil

#

4f

jX,~ ~~ ~5

A

:

7

ft*:n

£

itJ:

r

rll

~;f1l.

•

.tt~

, if

4ft;f.R!it9$J!4-+61t 0

-M~#.~~

• •

6A:~.£*ro o

21

_flj-;ff

*

~

22

.

_{IIaJ ~7,1-}

_-'$-liPF

_~ l[ : ~ G

Jt i!

~ ~

Ii

~.R ~ ,

if-

11k.

;;fil.

1

1

_t

:i.~fi

~o

-

_{f<'1~~#.~5IA~3A: ~:fit£1tiI;;fill:}

0

23

"t

i..

;ffl

24

fI9J

$.#

-

'~:M! ~

IA

: ru

*

til

-1rt

1~ 0

t

i..

{fl

-~$.#.Mk±~2A: ~~_M~~2~ , a~~Jik

25

~:i.;ffE

:fllt.

369 ,f; 0 -f<'14~#.

w

i~~~ :

§:J

1f;;filt

0

28

~i..ffl

-JliiJ ~:,f1-.

AtLk

±

:

§:J),f

;fit

1:

0

29

~:i.tfi

-fiJ*#.~k± :~$~~~~lik:fll~ l~ o

30

19

1:

:i.

41l.

-r

;~ 71<-~.;Jj-~

±

:

1¥-

~ 8 ~

r

f1IJ EID IfJT '

;:f.l-

.w;

±

if

Ilk.

k

41

~:i.~

tlLJ. p~ 5

-+

±;fl1iI1XA

0

-47

r~*#.~~~~JA :~_£M~~ro' ~if-.~2

t

i..

;/{l

ljU

-+

:k. ;fit 0 1'JOO~Jrt

_­

fJT 1f,fft hh#.~.~~_%2A: ~$~arM~~~ I~o

54

-m:fH*tl

58

~.~.$~~:~$~~~OO l ~ o flj-;ff ;fft

-~ -~-~1-

4ft

±

ill ~11t- : ::11-{\} J.1!.4t;fli. ~

14

~

"

-

59

~:i.~

/

\ff

ct

1ff~ ~¥#

• •

~~~4A:~~~~OO l ~ 1 ~o

60

rJT ;ff~ ~£t)(~m

_­

~)if ~{} ~

it

1.

%

2

A :

;1f

7

1<-

tf}

18;loJi ' ~.

-f

4ft k ;fA ~ 2

67

"t :i.~

~J' I~ _hJio

-69

~.#.£~.£~.£

• •

£*~.~ ~~5A : £~

flP

1i*:±

~:i. ;ffl

f;.. ~5

A

ru

H :lg 1m

IltH!

iPiIl j~lItifll 0

,

1±f~f-'I

-74

tj~

nI-

#-

it

~ ~ ~~

-l

5A :

if<.~:n ~

it

r

rltHt

til

~

it;f; , if-

~t

t:.i.#l

¥J

p

fr

AE

i3'J

;fJl~ 9J

_Ji

₄

_{-+ 6}

_-7t

0

fJl~~)[1[~

~~tt*~,

:

*

Ji

1t

1E

~ H-1l~ ₀

~iL fJFl: 1.~;t16'

2

1

'

5

4'

58

&601,%#ftM.J1'(ru

JtAl:lru 1tr;j~MJtf} mJ

'

jttJ

~

58

_1Ol\l'

OO~1t:

j

eCil

"HI

, J ' ~ll Ml1~, 0 2.t.r;itt 18" 22" 23 ' 24' 25" 30" 41 ' 47 " 59" 67" 69&74~~-I ~.el.¥.~t~.'~

••

~~~A~

• •

(

k

••

) '_~

r

Jjtifll. ~

1-

J 0 (~)li

tli

J\ffrt

*fll

~1fj~~ ~~~~'.~Aft.~~m~.IT~.E*~~~~.'U~~~ ~$B.~~~M.~ftOO~.~UM~ '~~~~M.~ ' m~~~. ~~g~*m~~:$~.~~~~.Hmm.~~m~@~~w·.~

Lj5.0r~m.~

,

f&~Lj5l:f.El*=t: 0 g9i-fi!ti~f4~5tii:!:ti1Jm.ffrl~~;f-fM~

,

.ffctH~·

.~B~.~.~g~~~~~,~~.~mffi~.'.M~5t~M

••

~~.~~m

••

;~~.~~~MM.~ffi.~~m~~g Q~~ '*

~~

••

WA~.~~

••

~

••

~~m"~.~~~m.~M.~.m

.'&~AM~.~~~R~~~.~.~~~~.MM.~.ffi~~~

*1}.H1HJ:i~J.-. tfu~~

,

1t

{~~fRJJ2

*4tJi

L-)~~

il

3

I

iff

itJlWfM

11.

l

U

)

\ffd:.

iHffB

~~J'~~k~~·~~~

..

_.&mft~M.WA~.~~.ill5t~~

f

fl.f{

J;ti1

~

,

~D

fJl4

;Z

!II

Y{!m

..

fL

~D~~

..

Iff

*

m..

71J

ft

~l

..

t/r

EB

m..

~Jf ~

...

*mm"~ffiM&mffi.~~~mMo@5t~~illW-m~,~~~

.·M~

_.

_..

~.m&~

••

~RlliW~~.L~~~m~,rrm~~m

L-~M~

,

Jil.

1l

J)

\

ffcUff

:!:ti1

g,

~

{JH'E

Jf*

Lf

JJj'( ~ , ?~~QJ$

qJ

l

L-)*,~~ff)j

nj.\

Wf1t

2fi

tm

~~

•••

~,mw

••

f~~rr~~~~.~rr~~mM~ME~~~

~!¥JIDti:t

' lklHlHf{j:

,ll

Hi

0

~tti1JJl!!~~-1iffiY;1Hi~~1~l!l IJ\ffrt.tE~~1=j:l

W=j

J;)

.r& '

~~f~t£:*ii~f~

.ffd:±t{h , *im)}}~~J!i.Q3iig-@

1t;fn~*fFR'-J irpf1Fp.Jm

'

fJH6tliffHiMfiffd:

'

!oJ

~W-~.~,.m~~Wk~.m.m~~~~m, ~~~rt~~~~

m~~aWA~~M~~~eM.ffiB~,~~m~*~-$~~o~~

0­ V'l ~ ~

fL­

-hi

~ ~

4F­

~

$;1

m

\i$I

fE

~

(R

~

~

W

~ ~ 0

:tfj

4­ ~ ~

$

r::::

~ ~

[j@f

III

lilH

illi

3

i:\

~ <4 '" ~

lEI-1 ~

.

~ ~ \

r:a

~ 4 IT ~ -N ~ '"

-w-B

~

fL-M~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -i In ~ "= aI ~ (V') -3

..

.aa ~ ~ ~ ~ !!!

1m

~ · EJ ...

<

~ ~

•

-w ~ ~ I~

\\-$

-3 _ C> ~

it!

lUg!

i!:

-£J QjS ..p. ~ ~

IA-~

.ft

~O

~

60

_{101 JIt}

~~U'

J

"'

_{lI! UJ}

_.a~:~~~~*~~*A~A~.# ( .~) ~~ ' ~.~**~~.~

&~A#.~t~~~~~~~~ o ~*I~_rn~ft~i~4~.

~~m.~*~~.M~~~~~&~£~~· M~«~o

.f$1] ,

~

J-/

/\..~d:

Jt1!Al

,~

t

-t1tz

~'Ji ~

ttMfj~f~;Z~!!

'

1!H\iiiAJJrJA2Fa91El 1~ :ff

'

fFeffl

±tfu

ffij~~.fIfiJ

pg

~

I!!WJ

&?#H~1rm~

,

~~Mmt1?cm:!lJ~Ji~ , tE~.iE.if rl3'j;J1~

,

~tfut{Mtl

e

lf;

)JX*k~1l

'

fft±iHMH~J~tfup1Tfimpx~ §*it~±

'

tfJ\1JJi~AJt1lfJ3.~f~IH~:f'l

tfu~±*m

'

~ffIT:mmif-[Q]iffm±~*PifEl.~If~f~tlH[Lttfu2EB±m 0

iHc

U1M

I

~J"f=Hl

'

~ *~mW=J l-j-l Wj j;Jr~

,

~tilitti *6f1JJ~ 1mi~~ ? fpJ t:J-

B

tJ!f

]J

Wj!m

~i&

Rtr~rnHlEjroJ~~Mi\rlH~d{¥.

J

-

_

1JL&m.

r=p

JIJ

_

ziH

l=!rf

ffiti5-Fl

-

{II&1illi]

1

E5

-4

(~D~

4 ) ,~~*~.tID&m.~mtrB.mMB~.~.ffi?m~.~8.

Z

~ ~

&il

AFI'I9$4

Jl

~{({JIl~ f~ ~D

'

~

•

..t.m

»-.

~*

$

~:(-E mY-ErO~

WJ

51 5JIJ

J

II

~

17 7

J

Wei:

~

1ifi

flm

ffi

±

Uj~ ,

:fE

lrf

1

tr

rr.=¥

WJ

'

)J 1]

ni

±

.

fl1

Jl&mu+

~207

E

4

-4

5

ft '

Fo~ffi±tIHH~~Ji;IT1T 118

157

-4

'

l1:t1-t*;z~i~~foJ ? jl!1§~~IHff~d:J!Q

fifJ,,~11::1~

,

~tiQfI;f.6f~J£~~1t ? :£$:3tH~ft&J;JT817t*JT 0

~4 : rrorM~ntJH~~*..t~:&rtn~:rpJJ[ UilHIHl!~~

~l!t[l:#

1b9 :

I3J3

m

3 2 'q:: ~36 1f­

f;;flL ( C1 ~l:fli ' .t;fIt , -it-.fM;flL )

*1!

it

1fhi

I ~l& J)l.

4'-

{iJIl:. ~

1ft

(

it. )

4tt

(

ffl )

_J

11; ~ ~

rlJ

~

,

5i'H­11 ~~ I ~/t~~ 5

i

900 ~;fli jL~&~JJi~-%~ 7)­ _{I i} I ;m; @­ ~- %~ y}­ , WI! :)1'1

_!

:

!

I ~it'f£ 'l4J~

,

mt;t~~ ,

rfJ

5 600

*#1

:1'1'1~ ,

it

~ ~&

#-

if

I

~-~~'- _{1 :} : I.-. - - ­ - - - - L . . ­