誰會被主管排擠？主管之部屬能力及威脅感知覺之探討 - 政大學術集成

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(1)立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 sit. y. Nat. Who Will Be Ostraized by Supervisor. er. io. n. a perception of Subordinates’ The Study of Supervisors’ Competence iv l C n U hand e nThreat gchi. i.

(2) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i. i n U. v.

(3) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. ii. i n U. v.

(4) Ruby. SEM. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. iii. i n U. v.

(5) 328 207. 63%. 立. 234 SPSS 20. 71%. Lisrel 8.8. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. iv. i n U. v.

(6) Abstract This study aimed at investigating the antecedents of supervisor ostracism. We used subordinates’ competence and threat from subordinates as mechanisms to illustrate the antecedents of supervisor ostracism. We hope to explore the indirect effect of subordinates’ competence on supervisor ostracism via threat from subordinates. Moreover, we proposed that collective identity and perceived supervisor-subordinate similarity can moderate the relationship between subordinates’ competence and threat from subordinates. We further explore the direct effect of supervisor ostracism on. 政治大 The sample of this study 立 is selected using convenience sampling, and the data is supervisor commitment and well-being.. ‧ 國. 學. dyad-level data. Totally 328 questionnaires were issued and 234 were returned. The response rate is 71%. Among returned questionnaires, there were 207 effective. ‧. questionnaires with the effective rate of 63%. The collected data was analyzed by. sit. y. Nat. SPSS 20 and Lisrel 8.8.. n. al. er. io. The result indicated that subordinates’ competence has positive indirect effect on. i n U. v. supervisor ostracism via threat from subordinates. Although subordinate perceived. Ch. engchi. supervisor ostracism has negative effect on supervisor commitment, it had no effect on well-being. Supervisor collective identity and perceived supervisor-subordinate similarity did not moderate the relationship between subordinates’ competence and threat from subordinates. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.. Keywords workplace ostracism, supervisor ostracism, perception of competence, threat, supervisor commitment. v.

(7) ........................................................................................................................... i .......................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ......................................................................................................................v .......................................................................................................................... vi .................................................................................................................... viii ...................................................................................................................... ix ............................................................................................................. 1. 政治大. ............................................................................................. 1. 立. 學. ‧ 國. ............................................................................................. 5 ..................................................................................................... 6. ‧. ............................................................................................. 6 ......................................................... 16. y. Nat. n. al. ........................................................................ 27. er. io. sit. ................................................................................ 22. Ch. i n U. v. .................................................................... 30. engchi. ................................................................................ 33 ................................................................................................... 35 ........................................................................................... 35 ........................................................................................... 39 ........................................................................................... 50 ................................................................................................... 52 ............................................................ 52 ................................................................................... 55. vi.

(8) .................................................................................................................... 58 ............................................................................ 64 ............................................................................................... 69 ................................................................................... 69 ........................................................................ 73 ................................................................ 75 ................................................................................................................ 78. 立. ................................................. 82 政治大 ................................................. 83 ................................................. 84. ‧ 國. 學. ........................................................................ 85. ‧. ..................................................... 88. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. ..................................................... 93. Ch. engchi. vii. i n U. v.

(9) 1. ................................................ 7. 2. ................................................ 9. 3. ......................................................................... 12. 4. ................................................................................ 13. 5. ......................................................... 15. 6. ................................................................... 37. -. 7. ............................................................................................ 41. 8. .................................................................................... 43. 立. ........................................................................................ 44. .......................................................................................... 48. y. sit. .............................................................................................. 49. n. al. er. .............................................................................................. 53. io. 14. ...................................................................................... 46. Nat. 13. .......................................................................................... 45. ‧. 12. 學. 11. ‧ 國. 9 10. 政治大. i n U. v. 15. .......................................................................................... 54. 16. .................................................................................. 57. 17. .............................................................................. 60. 18. (. ) ............................................................ 62. 19. (. ) ............................................................ 63. Ch. engchi. 20. ..................... 65. 21. ................. 67. 22. ....................................................................... 69. viii.

(10) 1. ................................................................................................ 33. 2. ............................................................................................ 59. 3. .................................................................................. 61. 4. ................... 68. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. ix. i n U. v.

(11) workplace ostracism social exclusion Ferris, Brown, Berry, & Lian, 2008. O’Reilly, & Wang, 2013. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009 job tension. Wu , Yim , Kwan, & Zhang,. y. Nat. sit. Blackhart, Nelson, Knowles, &. n. al. er. io. Baumeister, 2009. emotional exhaustion. ‧. depressed mood at work 2012. Robinson,. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Hannah, Woolfolk, & Lord, 2009; Kernan, Watson, Chen, & Kim, 2011. 1.

(12) Robinson et al., 2013 Leung, Wu, Chen, & Young, 2011;Wu, Wei, & Hui, 2011. Blau 1964. social exchange theory. Scott, Restubog, & Zagenczyk, 2013. ─. Menon Thompson. Fugate et al., 2012. Hoon-Seok. 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大 2006. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2012. Fugate, Prussia, & Kinicki, 2012. Sommer, Williams, Ciarocco, & Baumeister, 2001. 2. Burris,.

(13) collective identity similarity. 立. 1996. perceptual. 政治大. Brewer & Gardner,. ‧ 國. 學. Hardy, Lawrence, & Grant, 2005. ‧. Forehand, Deshpandé, & Reed II, 2002. sit. y. Nat. io. n. al. er. Stapel & Koomen, 2001. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Turban & Jones, 1988 Byrne, Young, & Griffitt, 1966 Landy & Farr, 1980. 3.

(14) well-being. supervisor commitment. Hills & Argyle, 2002 jealousy loneliness. social anxiety belonging. Leary, 1990; Wu et al., 2012. O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009. Liu, Kwan, Lee, & Hui, 2013. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. Meyer & Allen, 1991. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. Becker, Billings, Eveleth, & Gilber, 1996. Ch. engchi. 4. i n U. v. Becker , 1992;.

(15) ─. 1. 2. 3.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 5. i n U. v.

(16) Workplace Ostracism. 2013. 立. 政治大. 學. ‧ 國. Hitlan, Cliffton, & DeSoto, 2006. ‧. 1. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. Robinson. Ch. engchi. 6. i n U. v.

(17) 1. Blackhart, Nelson, Knowles, & Baumeister 2009 1995. Hitlan, Kelly, Schepman, Schneider, & Zárate 2006 Dotan-Eliaz, Sommer, & Rubin 2009. 立. 2009. Language exclusion Linguistic ostracism. 政治大 Organizational shunning. io. y. n. al. Social exclusion. Sommer, Williams, Ciarocco, & Baumeister 2001 1986. Sommer, Williams, Ciarocco, & Baumeister 2001 Williams. 2002. Ferris, Brown, Berry, & Lian 2008. Ch. Social. engchi. Ostracism. sit. Nat. MacDonald & Leary 2005. Social exclusion. ‧. Blackhart, Nelson, Knowles, & Baumeister 2009. Gruter & Masters. 學. ‧ 國. Anderson. exclusion. er. Baumeister & Leary. Rejection. i n U. v. Ostracism Ostracism Ostracism Ostracism. “Invisible at Work: An Integrated Model of Workplace Ostracism,” by S. L. Robinson , J. O Reilly and W. Wang, 2013, Journal of Management, 39 1 ,p.206. 7.

(18) aggression harassment. social undermining. Robinson et al., 2013. 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. Robinson et al., 2013. interpersonal deviance behavior. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat bully. incivility. Ch. engchi. i n U. Robinson et al., 2013. Leary, 1990. 8. v.

(19) O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009. Ferris et al., 2008 2. 2. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Namie 2003. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat Neuman & Baron 1998. Okechukwu, Souza, Davis, & de Castro 2013. Ch. engchi. Duffy, Ganster, Shaw, Johnson, & Pagon 2006. Andersson & Pearson 1999. Bennett & Robinson 2000. 9. i n U. v.

(20) O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009. Hitlan et al.,. 2006. 2012. 政治大. 立. Wu et al.,. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. Leary, 1990. engchi. i n U. v. work-family conflict WFC. Liu et al.,2013. Coyne, Gundersen, Nelson, & Stockdale, 2011 in-role performance. 10.

(21) extra-role performance O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009. time management behavior. Twenge, Catanese, & Baumeister, 2002. 學. job involvement. Leung et al., 2011. ‧. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大 Robinson et al., 2013. sit. y. Nat. count-produce behavior. io. n. al. er. Zhao, Peng, & Sheard, 2013. Ch. Lustenberger & Jagacinski, 2010. engchi. Renn, Allen, & Huning, 2012. 3. 11. i n U. v.

(22) 3. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. Robinson et al., 2013. Robinson. 2013. 12. i n U. v.

(23) extraversion. 政治大. agreeableness neuroticism. 立. Wu et al., 2011. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. distrusted. sit. n. al. er. io. 4. y. Nat. Scott et al., 2013. Ch. engchi. Wu, Wei, & Hui 2011. Scott, Restubog, & Zagenczyk. 2013. 13. i n U. v. 4.

(24) political skill. ingratiation. Wu et al., 2012. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 y. Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. Hitlan et al., 2006. proactive personality. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Zhao et al., 2013 Wu et al., 2011. Leung et al., 2011. 5. 14.

(25) 5. Wu , Yim , Kwan, & Zhang 2012 Hitlan, Kelly, Schepman, Schneider, & Zárate. 2006. 立. Zhao, Peng, &. ‧. Leung, Wu,. ‧ 國. 2013. 學. Sheard. 政治大. Chen, & Young. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2011. Ch. engchi. 15. i n U. v.

(26) Scott. 2013. threat. 政治大. O'Driscoll & Beehr, 1994. 立. MacNeil, 2004. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Fugate et al., 2012. Brockner. Chen 1996. 16.

(27) Sinclair, Martin, & Croll, 2002. 立. 政治大 Fugate et al.,. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 2012. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Menon et al., 2006 Eilam. Shamir. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2005. challenging voice. 17.

(28) Burris, 2012. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Menon et al., 2006 Burris, 2012. 18.

(29) H1. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. n U engchi. iv. Fugate et al., 2012. Goldberg, Dar-El, & Rubin,. 1991. 19.

(30) Burris, 2012. Menon et al., 2006. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. Kernan et al., 2011. i n C h Robinson et al., 2013 engchi U. H2. 20. v.

(31) H3. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 21. i n U. v.

(32) Meyer & Allen1991. Stinglhamber, Bentein,. & Vandenberghe, 2002. Hills & Argyle, 2002. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. supervisory commitment organizational commitment. ‧. Reichers 1985. n. Meyer. continuance commitment. Tett. Ch. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Allen. n U engchi. iv. 1991. affective commitment. normative commitment. Meyer 1993. 22.

(33) Reichers,1985. Becker. Stinglhamber. 立. Morizot. Tremblay. 學 ‧. n. al. Ch. engchi. Dorfman 2000. Forehand. Meyer. 2002. Allen 1991. 23. er. io. sit. y. Nat Baumeister & Leary, 1995. Howell. Boudrias. 2011. ‧ 國. Madore. 政治大 Morin Vandenberghe. 2002. 1996. i n U. v. Clugston.

(34) Wu et al., 2012. H4. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. y. ‧. Hills & Argyle, 2002. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Diener, 2009. pleased ─ depressed ─. anxious ─. displeased. contented. enthusiastic Warr, 1990. 24.

(35) Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999. 政治大. 立. et al., 2012. Leary, 1990; Wu. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 sit. y. Nat. io. n. al. er. Twenge et al., 2002. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Liu et al., 2013. O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009 Michalos, 1985. 25.

(36) Diener, 2009. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. H5. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 26. i n U. v.

(37) Robert G. Lord, Brown, & Freiberg, 1999. Gardner, 1996. 立. ‧ 國. Ashmore, Deaux, & McLaughlin-Volpe,. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat & Gardner, 1996. Brewer &. 學. 2004. 政治大. Ch. n U engchi. Brewer. iv. Fugate et al., 2012. Ashmore et al., 2004 Hardy et al., 2005 Conger, Kanungo, & Menon, 2000; Kramer & Brewer, 1984. 27.

(38) 政治大. Forehand et al., 2002. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. assimilation effect. contrast effects. Ch. engchi. Stapel & Koomen, 2001. 28. i n U. v.


(40) Turban. ─. Jones 1988. perceptual congruence. actual similarity. 政治大 Netemeyer, Heilman, & Maxham III, 2012. 立. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. Wexley. io. sit. y. Byrne et al.,. 1983. n. al. er. Pulakos. Nat. 1966. Landy & Farr, 1980. Rand & Wexley, 1975. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Turban & Jones, 1988 Pulakos & Wexley, 1983; Turban & Jones, 1988. Guéguen, Martin, & Meineri, 2011 Fugate et al., 2012. 30.

(41) Pulakos & Wexley, 1983. 立. 政治大. ‧ 國. 學 ‧. Jiang, Hoegg, Dahl, &. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. Chattopadhyay, 2010. Ch. engchi. 31. i n U. v.


(43) 政治大. 1. 立 H7. H4. H2. n. al. H3. Ch. H5. er. io. sit. y. Nat. H1. 1. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. H6. engchi. H1 H2 H3. 33. i n U. v.

(44) H4 H5 H6. H7. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 34. i n U. v.

(45) dyad. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 sit. n. al. er. io. A. y. Nat. 1.. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. A B. 35.

(46) 2.. 328. 308. 14. 6. 71%. 27. 207. 63%. 立. 6. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 36. i n U. v. 234.

(47) 6 -. N=207. N=117 %. %. 8.2 39.1 13.0 4.3. 10 45 15 5. 8.5 38.5 12.8 4.3. 1 3 2 17. .5 1.4 1.0 8.2. 政治大. 0 3 1 13. .0 2.6 .9 11.1. 7 4 18 16 5. 3.4 1.9 8.7 7.7 2.4. 4 2 6 13 0. 3.4 1.7 5.1 11.1 0. 1 24 164. .5 11.6 79.2. sit. io. 0 10 79. 0 8.5 67.5. 1.4. 26 2. 22.2 1.7. 103 103. 49.8 49.8. 74 42. 63.2 35.9. 1. .5. 1. .9. 170 30. 82.1 14.5. 2 50. 1.7 42.7. 1 1 5. .5 .5 2.4. 50 14 1. 42.7 12.0 .9. n. al. 15 3. Ch. e n g7.2 chi. er. Nat. y. ‧. ‧ 國. 立. 學. 17 81 27 9. i n U. v. ( 37. ).

(48) N=207. N=117 %. %. 21-30. 81. 39.1. 8. 6.8. 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70. 71 42 11 0 2. 34.3 20.3 5.3 0 1.0. 32 57 18 2 0. 27.4 48.7 15.4 1.7 0. 1 1-5 5-10. 13. 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30. 26. 9 19 14 2 1. 4.3 9.2 6.8 1.0 .5. 14 28 17 3 5. 12.0 23.9 14.5 2.6 4.3. 12. 5.8. 1. io. sit. y. ‧. Nat. n. al. 學. 18.4. 19.7 22.2. 立. ‧ 國. 0. er. 99 38. 6.3治 0 政 47.8 大 23. Ch. engchi. 38. i n U. v. .9.

(49) CFA, confirmatory factor analysis. Joreskog individual item reliability 𝑅2. Sorbom 1989 .20. .45. 立. 政治大. n. al. er. io. sit. y. 2008. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. Nat. Ferris. Ch. engchi. i 13 n U. v. 1. 𝑅2. CFA. 39. .20. 6. .45.

(50) 11 𝜒 2 = 107.70 p < .01. df = 44 NFI = .97 CFI = .98 IFI = .98 SRMR = .04 Cronbach's α. RMSEA = .08. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 40. i n U. v. .93.

(51) 7 𝑅2. 2. 3. 4.. ‧ 國 io. 10.. al. n. 11.. 2.10. 1.11. .79. .62. 1.92. 1.02. .84. .70. 2.09. 1.01. .83. .69. .80. .64. .67. .44. .68. .46. .83. .69. .86. .75. 2.63. 1.10. 2.68. 1.20. 2.05. 1.02. 2.22. 1.13. 2.56. 1.29. .61. .37. 2.47. 1.14. .69. .47. 2.92. 1.01. .24. .06. 3.17. 1.10. .44. .20. sit. Nat. 9.. .31. 學. 8.. .55. er. 立. 7.. 1.08. 2.16 政治大1.12. 5. 6.. 2.71. ‧. 1.. y. Cronbach's 𝛼 = .93. Ch. engchi U. 12. *. v ni. 13. * *. 41.

(52) Tepper Moss 2011. 4. Podsakoff Todor. Duffy. Skov 1982. 4 8. 立. 6. 𝑅2. df = 20. CFI = .99. IFI = .99. SRMR = .03. y. NFI = .98. io. sit. Cronbach's α. n. al. er. RMSEA = .08. 5. Nat. p < .01. .20. ‧. .45. 𝜒 2 = 62.03. 學. CFA. ‧ 國. 1. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 42. i n U. v. .95.

(53) 8 𝑅2 Cronbach's 𝛼 = .95 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.. 立. 6.. .83. .69. 4.24. 1.13. .91. .83. 4.32. 1.10. .92. .85. 4.40. 1.07. .87. .75. .73. .53. .75. .56. .88. .78. .89. .79. 政治 4.44 大1.08 4.01. 1.10. 4.26. 1.05. 4.39. 1.05. ‧ 國 Nat. n. al. er. io. sit. y. ‧. 8.. 1.18. 學. 7.. 4.06. Fugate. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2012. 6. 1. 6 43.

(54) 𝑅2. CFA .45. .20. 6. 𝜒 2 = 54 p < .01. df = 9. NFI = .97. CFI = .98 IFI = .98 Cronbach's α. RMSEA = .16. SRMR = .02 .96. 9 𝑅2. 政治大. .88. 2.27. 1.16. .94. .87. 2.32. 1.24. .90. .81. 2.36. 1.18. .82. .67. 2.19. 1.10. .89. .80. .94. .89. n. al. 1.11. 6.. Ch. e n g c2.19 hi. sit. er. io. 5.. Nat. 4.. ‧ 國. 3.. 2.25. 學. 2.. .94. ‧. 立. 1.. y. Cronbach's 𝛼 = .96. iv n U 1.13. Lord. Brown. 2004 5. 44.

(55) 1. 6 𝑅2. CFA .45 𝜒 2 = 43.50 p < .01. .20. 5 df = 5 NFI = .91 CFI = .92 IFI = .92 SRMR = .05 RMSEA Cronbach's α. = .19. 10. 立. .82. 政治大. 𝑅2. Cronbach's 𝛼 = .82. ‧ 國. .64. .41. 5.51. .65. .54. .30. n. al. .81. .77. .60. 5.20. .89. .77. .60. 5.29. .87. .71. .51. y. er. io. 4.. .72. sit. Nat. 3.. 5.48. ‧. 2.. 學. 1.. Ch. 5.18. engchi. i n U. v. 5.. Liden Stilwell 1993 45. Wayne.

(56) 5. 1 𝑅2. CFA .45. 5. p < .01. df = 9. RMSEA = .14. 立. IFI = .98. SRMR = .02 .95. Ch. 1.13. .90. .81. e n g c3.77 h i U 1.23. .86. .74. 5. 6.. 46. 1.18. 4.05. y. .72. 4.. 3.97. sit. .85. n. al. 𝑅2. ‧. Cronbach's 𝛼 = .95. io. 3.. CFI = .98. Cronbach's α 政治大. Nat. 2.. NFI = .98. 學. ‧ 國. 11. 1.. .20. er. 𝜒 2 = 44.68. 6. v ni. 3.95. 1.15. .90. .82. 4.22. 1.05. .79. .62. 3.93. 1.17. .94. .88.

(57) Clugston. 2000. 5. 1. .20. .45. io. n. al. .76. er. Cronbach's α. RMSEA = .14. y. SRMR = .03. sit. IFI = .95. Ch. p < .01. ‧. CFI = .94. 𝑅2. 𝜒 2 = 14.91. Nat. NFI = .94. 立. 學. 4. ‧ 國. CFA. 政治大 6. engchi. 47. i n U. v. df = 2.

(58) 12 𝑅2 Cronbach's 𝛼 = .76 1.. 4.69. .98. .60. .36. 4.33. 1.13. .45. .20. 4.48. .96. .82. .68. 4.06 1.06 政治大 3.85 1.24. .81. .65. .07. .01. 2. 3. 4. 5.. 立. *. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 y. Nat. io. n. al. er. Diener. sit. *. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 1 𝑅2. CFA. 5. 6 .20. .45. 𝜒 2 =6.5. 4 df = 2 NFI = .98. 2002. CFI = .99. IFI = .99. SRMR = .03. Cronbach's α. .93. 48. RMSEA = .10. p < .05.

(59) 13 𝑅2 Cronbach's 𝛼 = .93 1.. 3.90. .91. .73. .54. 2.. 3.75. 1.09. .64. .41. 3.. 4.09. 1.11. .82. .67. 3.36. 1.20. .74. .55. 2.94. 1.35. .38. .15. 4. 5. * *. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2012. Hitlan et al., 2006; Wu et al.,. Ch. engchi. 49. i n U. v.

(60) IBM SPSS Statistics 20 LISREL 8.8. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 50. i n U. v.

(61) (1) Baron. Kenny 1986. 1.. 2.. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 51. i n U. v.

(62) LISREL8.8. structural equation modeling, SEM SEM. Bagozzi & Yi, 1988. 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大. 14. Williams 與 Anderson 1994. n. al. df = 168 RMSEA = .03 GFI = .91. NNFI = .99. CFI = .99. Ch. SRMR = .04. engchi. p < .01. 52. er. io. NFI = .95. sit. y. ‧. Nat. 𝜒 2 = 204.02 p < .05. 15. i n U. v.

(63) 14. 𝜒2 RESEA. p > .05 < .08. GFI. < .90. NFI NNFI CFI. < .90 < .90 < .90. NFI. PGFI. 立. SRMR. 政治大. < .05 < .08. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 53. i n U. v.

(64) 15. 7. 5. 644.86***. 179. 1313.96 1109.94***. 183. 1402.10 1198.08***. 186. RMSEA. GFI. NFI. NNFI. CFI. SRMR. .03. .91. .95. .99. .99. .04. .07. .86. .93. .96. .97. .06. .13. .72. .86. .87. .89. .13. .62. .75. .75. .78. .17. .58. .70. .69. .73. .18. .25. .46. .52. .49. .54. .25. .25. .46. .50. .46. .51. .20. ‧. ‧ 國. .17. er. sit. y. .19. a2556.96 l C 2352.94*** 188n i v hengchi U. n. 1. 0. df. 學. io. 2. 204.02. 848.88. Nat. 3. △ 𝜒2. 168 治政 324.87 120.85*** 174 大立. 6. 4. 𝜒2. 2361.18 2157.16***. ***p < .001. 54. 189.

(65) 16 r = .19, p < .01. r = .20, p < .01. r = .24, p < .01 r = .19, p < .01. 立. r = .21,. 學. ‧ 國. p < .01. 政治大. r = .16, p < .05. r = 19, p < .01. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v r = -.08. p > .05. r = .18 p < .01. r = .30, p < .01. 55.

(66) r = -.28, p < .01 r = .26, p < .01 ,. r = .01 p > .05 r = -.27,. p < .01. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. H4. Ch. n U engchi. 56. iv. H1. H2.

(67) 16. 1.. 1.34. .47. -. 2.. 3.15. .53. -.20**. 43.42. 7.83. -.14. *. -.22. 14.57. 9.04. -.15. 5.. 1.50. .50. .37***. 6.. 2.95. .46. .11. -.13. 立. 6. 7. 8. .65***. -. .03. -.12. -.05. -. .16*. -.18*. -.21**. .10. -. .12. .32. ***. ***. -.02. -.19**. -. .13. .31***. .44***. .04. -.18*. .72***. .11. -.08. -.02. -.03. .01. -.21**. -.08. 8.. 7.33. 7.63. -.18*. 9... 5.33. .60. -.08. 10.. 3.98. .03. -.05. -.11. .04. .08. .07. -.02. .05. 11.. 2.26. .06. -.09. -.13. .19**. .24**. .05. -.08. .11. 12.. 4.27. .95. -.03. -.06. .01. .06. .04. .04. .85. -.23. -.15. n. 2.33. *. io. 13.. **. al. .20. **. 14.. 3.78. .87. .05. -.08. -.05. 15.. 4.39. .79. .06. -.13. -.02. =1. =2 =1. .26. v C.19h -.14 -.23 U.21n i .02 e n .03g c h -.01i .11 **. -.06. *. -.12. =1 =2. =3. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. -. **. .09 =2. =4. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. 57. -.14. -. .06. .09. -. .16*. -.28**. .26***. -. .11. .84***. .18**. er. 9.16. ‧. 34.50. Nat. 7.. .03. 9. 政治大. -. **. 5. 學. 4.. 4. -. *. ‧ 國. 3.. 3. y. 2. sit. 1. **. -.08. .02. .19. **. -.12. .12. .11. -.11. .10. =3. -.04 .22. **. .13 =4. .30. ***. -.08 ***. .00. .25. -.09. .19** =1. .01. -. -.27***. .44*** =2.

(68) LISREL8.8. structural. equation modeling, SEM. 2. SEM. 立. ‧ 國. 學. Little Cunningham Shahar. n. al. SC01-SC03. SP01-SP03. er. io. sit. y. Nat TH01-TH03. Widaman 2002. ‧. ─. 政治大. i O01-O03n Ch engchi U WB01-WB03. 58. v.

(69) 立. 2. ‧ 國. 學 CFI = .95. SRMR = .13. n. al. er. io. sit. y. NNFI = .94. df = 86 RMSEA = .08. ‧. NFI= .92. 𝜒 2 = 191.49 p < .05. Nat. GFI = .89. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 207. 6 17 𝛽 = .19, p < .01. 𝛽 = .30, p < .001 𝛽 = 0, p > .05. 59. 14.

(70) 𝛽 = -.28, p < .001. 17 𝑅2. t 𝛾 . .19. 2.67**. .04. .96. .30. 4.29***. .09. .93. 0 -.28. .03 -3.69***. 0 .08. 1.00 .92. 𝛽   . 立. 治政 -.002 大. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. ‧ 國 Nat. y. ‧ H1. io. sit. p < .01. 學. 17. n. al. er. .30 p < .001. H2. Ch. e n g c -.28 hi. H4. i n U. p < .001. 0 p > .05 H5. 60. v. .19.

(71) .12. SP02. .09. SP03. .06. .12. TH01. TH02. 立 .96*. .94*. WB01. WB02. WB03. .90*. n. al. Ch. .62*. -.28* .92. ‧. io .96. .73*. .06. 1.00. .30*. Nat. .19*. .97*. sit. .94*. ‧ 國. .94*. .61. .89*. 學. .94*. .47. TH03 政治大. y. SP01. .12. er. .12. .21. .89*. i n U. e n O01 g c h i O02 .19. 3 61. .20. v. .00. .92*. O03 .16. .80* .74*. .77*. SC01. SC02. SC03. .36. .46. .41.

(72) 18. .06. p < .05. H3. 18 ). .19. 2.67** 2.67**. .06. 2.27*. .06. 2.27*. sit. n. al. Ch. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. engchi. .30. 4.29***. .30. 4.29***. i n U. 19 p < .05. t. er. io. 內生變項. .19. effect. ‧. t. Nat. 外衍變項. effect. 學. ‧ 國. 立. 政治大. y. (. v. .06 -.16 p < .05. 62.

(73) 19 (. ). effect. t. effect. t. .19. 2.69**. -.16. -2.21*. .06. 2.33*. -.09. -1.27. .34. 4.68***. .34. 4.68***. 外衍變項. .19 內生變項. 立 *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. 2.69**. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 63. i n U. v.

(74) 1000. 20. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. p > .05. Ch. n U engchi. 64. iv. H6. 𝛽. -.25.

(75) 20. -.29 -.23. -.25 -.20. -.31 -.09. -.27 -.08. .01 .01 .20 -.06 .00. .01 .01 .16 -.09 .00. .00 .02 .17 -.12 -.01. .00 .02 .19 -.15 .00. .01. .01. .01. .00. .22**. .26**. -.52**. -.55**. 政治.17* 大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. n. (.08***). .07. .10. .18. .19. .03 1.76** 8,178. .05 4.31* 1,177. .14 3.20 1,175. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Ch. engchi. 21. 65. .13 17.23*** 1,176. sit. io. al. (.02*). er. .F. Nat. 𝑅. 2. (.07). ‧. (△ 𝑅 ) 𝑅2. -.25 (.02). y. *. 2. i n U. v.

(76) 𝛽 p < .001. Aiken. West. 1991. 4. 政治大. 學. ‧ 國. 立 H6. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 66. i n U. v. -.18.

(77) 21. -.29 -.23. -.25 -.20. -.23 -.15. -.25 -.11. .01 .01 .20 -.06 .00. .01 .01 .16 -.09 .00. .01 .01 .13 -.07 .00. .01 .01 .12 -.05 .00. .01. .01. .01. .01. -.14. -.25. .34*. .35**. 政治.17**大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. n. (.03*). .07. .10. .13. .16. .03 1.76 4,194. .05 4.731* 1,193. .11 7.36** 1,191. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Ch. engchi. 67. .08 6.46* 1,192. sit. io. al. (.02*). er. F. Nat. 𝑅. 2. (.07). ‧. (△ 𝑅 ) 𝑅2. -.18** (.03**). y. *. 2. i n U. v.

(78) 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00. 立. 4. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 68. i n U. v.

(79) 立. 政治大. sit. n. H4 H5 H6. al. er. io. H3. y. Nat. H1 H2. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 22. 22. Ch. engchi. H7. 69. i n U. v.

(80) SEM H1. Menon et al., 2006. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat SEM. Ch. H2. engchi. i n U. v. O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009; Robinson et al., 2013 Sommer et al., 2001. Robinson et al., 2013. 70.

(81) SEM H3. 立. ‧ 國. 學 Zhao, Lynch, & Chen,. ‧. competitive mediation. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2010. 政治大. SEM. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. H4. Baumeister & Leary, 1995. Wu et al., 2012. Meyer & Allen, 1991. 71.

(82) SEM H5. Wu et al., 2012 Liu et al.,2013 Diener. 1999. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Forehand et al., 2002 Brewer & Gardner, 1996. 72.

(83) H7 4. 18. 立. 16. 政治大 .84. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Robinson et al., 2013. Ch. engchi. Wu et al., 2011; Scott et al., 2013. 73. i n U. v.

(84) Meyer & Allen, 1991. 政治大. O'Reilly & Robinson, 2009. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 74. i n U. v.

(85) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 75. i n U. v.

(86) 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 40% 39.1%. 38.5%. 76.

(87) coaching. 立. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. 77. i n U. v.

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誰會被主管排擠？ 主管之部屬能力及威脅感知覺之探討 - 政大學術集成

誰會被主管排擠？主管之部屬能力及威脅感知覺之探討 - 政大學術集成