磁磚水泥質黏著劑性能相關國家標準研究

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ᅶᑄНݝ፦ᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈ࣬ᜢ୯ৎ

኱ྗࣴز!!

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ϣࡹ೽ࡌᑐࣴز܌ڐӕࣴزൔ֋!

ύ๮҇୯ 215 ԃ 23 Д!

Ȑҁൔ֋ϣ৒Ϸࡌ᝼ǴપឦࣴزλಔཀـǴόж߄ҁᐒᜢཀـȑȑ!

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! ! ! ! ᅶᑄНݝ፦ᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈ࣬ᜢ୯ৎ኱ྗࣴز ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ϣࡹ೽ࡌᑐࣴز܌ڐӕࣴزൔ֋ ) ! ! ! ! ԃࡋ * 104

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!ᅶᑄНݝ፦ᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈ࣬ᜢ୯ৎ

኱ྗࣴز!!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!ڙہૼޣǺ୯ҥᆵ᡼ੇࢩεᏢ!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ь࡭ΓǺഋྷႍ!ୋ܌ߏ!

!!!!!!!!!!ڐӕЬ࡭ΓǺ໳ฅ!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ࣴز঩Ǻၽࡘӹǵ໳୯উǵڬི৚ǵ݅Ш୸!

!!!!!!!!!!!!ࣴزշ౛Ǻइपണǵᖴಏ㚌!

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ϣࡹ೽ࡌᑐࣴز܌ڐӕࣴزൔ֋!

ύ๮҇୯ 215 ԃ 23 Д!

Ȑҁൔ֋ϣ৒Ϸࡌ᝼ǴપឦࣴزλಔཀـǴόж߄ҁᐒᜢཀـȑȑ!

Ҟԛ

Ҟԛ ... I



߄ԛ ... III



კԛ ... VII



ᄔा ... XI



Abstract ... XV



ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ... 1



ಃ΋࿯ ࣴزጔଆᆶङඳ ... 1



൘ǵࣴزጔଆ ... 1



ມǵࣴزङඳ ... 1



ಃΒ࿯ ࣴزҞޑ ... 3



ಃΟ࿯ ࣴزीฝख़ा܄ ... 3



ಃѤ࿯ ࣴزࢬำ ... 8



ಃϖ࿯ ࣴزБݤϷ຾ࡋᇥܴ ... 9



ಃΒക Ў᝘ӣ៝ ... 11



ಃ΋࿯ ߻ق ... 11



ಃΒ࿯ ཥࠠౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄፦௖૸ ... 11



൘ǵౠᑄ֎Н౗ ... 11



ມǵᎎຠౠᑄҔϐௗ๱Ꮚ ... 12



㡌ǵౠᑄᅿᜪᆶᎎຠπݤᒧۓ... 14



II

စǵቹៜѦᕅౠᑄগပޑচӢᆶౠᑄӍϯ ... 17



ಃΟക ၂ᡍीฝ ... 25



ಃ΋࿯ ߻ق ... 25



൘ǵНݝԪዀ ... 25



ມǵНݝࣳዀ ... 33



ಃѤക ၂ᡍ่݀ ... 41



ಃ΋࿯ ߻ق ... 41



ಃϖക ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼ ... 79



ಃ΋࿯ ่ፕ ... 79



ಃΒ࿯ ࡌ᝼ ... 80



ୖԵਜҞ ... 83



ߕᒵ΋ ౠᑄԪዀ/ࣳዀௗ๱Ꮚ኱ྗ૛ਢ ... 87



ߕᒵΒ ය߃ቩࢗཀـᆶӣᔈ ... 145



ߕᒵΟ යύቩࢗཀـᆶӣᔈ ... 149



ߕᒵѤ ය҃ቩࢗཀـᆶӣᔈ ... 153



ߕᒵϖ ಃ΋ԛ஑ৎ০ፋ཮ ... 157



ߕᒵϤ ಃΒԛ஑ৎ০ፋ཮ ... 161



߄ԛ

߄ 1-1 य़ᑄচ਑Ьाԋϩᆶфૈ ... 3



߄ 1-2 य़ᑄᅿᜪϷ੝܄ ... 4



߄ 1-3 ୊Κமࡋा؃(ANSI118.4) ... 6



߄ 1-4 ၂ᡍҔഏౠᑄा؃ೕጄ(EN12004W) ... 6



߄ 2-1 నᄊଯϩη׷਑سӈ ... 13



߄ 2-2 ᗹ๱மࡋೕۓ ... 14



߄ 2-3 Ӛ୯ଞჹѦᕅౠᑄগပচӢޑ௖૸༼᏾ ... 21



߄ 2-4 ᗹ๱܄ૈບᘐБݤ ... 24



߄ 3-1 НݝϯᏢԋϩ ... 26



߄ 3-2 ނ౛܄፦ ... 27



߄ 3-3 НݝԪዀ၂ᡍᐘણ⾸0Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન(wt.%) ... 28



߄ 3-4 НݝԪዀᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-A ᜪ (g) ... 28



߄ 3-5 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥН၂ኬଛК-A ᜪ(g) ... 29



߄ 3.6 НݝԪዀ၂ኬᗹࡋଛК-B ᜪ(g) ... 29



߄ 3-7 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥН၂ኬଛК-B ᜪ(g) ... 29



߄ 3-8 НݝԪዀᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-C ᜪ(g) ... 30



߄ 3-9 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥН၂ኬଛК-C ᜪ(g) ... 30



߄ 3-10 НݝԪዀᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-D ᜪ(g) ... 30



IV

߄ 3-11 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥНᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-D ᜪ(g) ... 30



߄ 3-12 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-A ᜪ(g) ... 34



߄ 3-13 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-B ᜪ(g) ... 34



߄ 3-14 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-C ᜪ(g) ... 34



߄ 3-15 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-D ᜪ(g) ... 35



߄ 3-16 ӚᅿᕉნచҹΠל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍᎦៈБԄ ... 38



߄ 4-1 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-A ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 41



߄ 4-2 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-B ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 42



߄ 4-3 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-C ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 43



߄ 4-4 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-D ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 44



߄ 4-5 НݝԪዀࢬࡋϷߥН౗-A ᜪ(%) ... 46



߄ 4-6 НݝԪዀࢬࡋϷߥН౗-B ᜪ(%) ... 49



߄ 4-7 НݝԪዀࢬࡋϷߥН౗-C ᜪ(%) ... 51



߄ 4-8 НݝԪዀࢬࡋϷߥН౗-D ᜪ(%) ... 54



߄ 4-9 Нݝࣳዀྖ౽ߏࡋ-A ᜪ(mm) ... 57



߄ 4-10 Нݝࣳዀྖ౽ߏࡋ-B ᜪ(mm) ... 57



߄ 4-11 Нݝࣳዀྖ౽ߏࡋ-C ᜪ(mm) ... 57



߄ 4-12 Нݝࣳዀྖ౽ߏࡋ-D ᜪ(mm) ... 57



߄ 4-13 බ࿼၂ᡍᗹ๱य़ᑈ(%) ... 59



߄ 4-14 ל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍ่݀ ... 68



߄ 4-15 ୊Κௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍ่݀(psi) ... 77



კԛ

კ 1-1 ౠᑄগပ ... 2



კ 1-2 ࣴزࢬำ ... 9



კ 1-3 ࣴز຾ࡋ ... 10



კ 2-1 ౠᑄࡼπݤ ... 15



კ 2-2 ౠᑄগပޑᜪࠠ ... 20



კ 3-1 ௽ᙯଞԄᗹࡋሺ(ࠠဦ BROOKFIRLD) ... 31



კ 3-2 ࢬࡋѠ ... 32



კ 3-3 ߥНෳۓሺ ... 33



კ 3-4 ྖ౽၂ᡍҢཀკ ... 36



კ 3-5 බ࿼၂ᡍҢཀკ ... 37



კ 4-1 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-A ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 42



კ 4-2 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-B ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 43



კ 4-3 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-C ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 44



კ 4-4 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-D ᜪ(mpaɄs) ... 45



კ 4-5 НݝԪዀಃ΋ԛࢬࡋ-A ᜪ ... 47



კ 4-6 НݝԪዀಃΒԛࢬࡋ-A ᜪ ... 47



კ 4-7 НݝԪዀࢬࡋКၨკ-A ᜪ ... 48



კ 4-8 НݝԪዀߥН౗-A ᜪ ... 48



VIII

კ 4-9 НݝԪዀಃ΋ԛࢬࡋ-B ᜪ ... 49



კ 4-10 НݝԪዀಃΒԛࢬࡋ-B ᜪ ... 50



კ 4-11 НݝԪዀࢬࡋКၨკ-B ᜪ ... 50



კ 4-12 НݝԪዀߥН౗-B ᜪ ... 51



კ 4-13 НݝԪዀಃ΋ԛࢬࡋ-C ᜪ ... 52



კ 4-14 НݝԪዀಃΒԛࢬࡋ-C ᜪ ... 52



კ 4-15 НݝԪዀࢬࡋКၨკ-C ᜪ ... 53



კ 4-16 НݝԪዀߥН౗-C ᜪ ... 53



კ 4-17 НݝԪዀಃ΋ԛࢬࡋ-D ᜪ ... 54



კ 4-18 НݝԪዀಃΒԛࢬࡋॶ-D ᜪ ... 55



კ 4-19 НݝԪዀࢬࡋКၨკ-D ᜪ ... 55



კ 4-20 НݝԪዀߥН౗-D ᜪ ... 56



კ 4-21 ྖ౽၂ᡍკ ... 58



კ 4-22 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(A5)... 60



კ 4-23 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(A10) ... 60



კ 4-24 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(A15) ... 61



კ 4-25 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(A20) ... 61



კ 4-26 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(B5) ... 62



კ 4-27 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(B10) ... 62



კ 4-28 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(B15) ... 63



კ 4-29 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(B20) ... 63



კ 4-30 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(C5)... 64



კ 4-31 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(C10) ... 64



კ 4-32 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(C15) ... 65



კ 4-33 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(C20) ... 65



კ 4-34 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(D5)... 66



კ 4-35 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(D10) ... 66



კ 4-36 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(D15) ... 67



კ 4-37 බ࿼၂ᡍკ(D20) ... 67



კ 4-38 ᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(బу 5%) ... 69



კ 4-39 ᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(బу 10%) ... 70



კ 4-40 ᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(బу 15%) ... 70



კ 4-41 ᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(బу 20%) ... 71



კ 4-42 ᐘણ⾸బуໆჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(A ᜪᐘણ⾸) ... 72



კ 4-43 ᐘણ⾸బуໆჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(B ᜪᐘણ⾸) ... 72



კ 4-44 ᐘણ⾸బуໆჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(C ᜪᐘણ⾸) ... 73



კ 4-45 ᐘણ⾸బуໆჹל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(D ᜪᐘણ⾸) ... 73



კ 4-46 Ꭶៈచҹჹᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(΋૓Ꭶៈ) ... 74



X

კ 4-47 Ꭶៈచҹჹᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(੆НᎦៈ) ... 75



კ 4-48 ዗Դϯࡕౠᑄᗹ๱၂ᡍკ ... 75



კ 4-49 Ꭶៈచҹჹᐘણ⾸ᅿᜪל܎ௗ๱மࡋޑቹៜ(ᚈय़ᗹ๱ 20min

බ࿼) ... 76



კ 4-50 ൂय़ᗹ๱ 20min බ࿼ౠᑄᗹ๱၂ᡍკ ... 77



კ 4-51 ௗ๱Ꮚ୊Κமࡋ၂ᡍ่݀Кၨკ ... 78



კ 4-52 ௗ๱Ꮚ୊Κமࡋ၂ᡍკ ... 78



ᄔ ा

ᜢᗖӷ:ଯ܄ૈౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊǵคᐒНݝ፦ౠᑄᗹ๱ࣳዀ/НݝԪዀ ΋ǵࣴزጔଆ ᒿ๱ғࢲࠔ፦ගܹ٠୷ܭးঅऍᢀԵໆǴౠᑄςԋࣁࡌᑐ׷਑ύόё܈લޑ ೽ϩǶฅԶࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄ΋ѿগပǴό໻ቹៜѱ৒ᢀᘳǴჹΓ҇ғڮӼӄϐӒ ্ҭࢂ࣬྽εޑᗦኁǶ߈ԃٰǴᆵ᡼ӢԴᙑࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄӍϯᝄख़ރݩККࣣ ࢂǴ׳මวғӢѦᕅౠᑄ௞ပᏤठΓ঩ޑ໾ΫǶ໺಍НݝࣳዀѝబуߥНᏊᇙԋ ϐௗ๱ᏊǴॸ᎞ࣳዀᆶय़ᑄङय़ྎኲ่ӝϷয়ΕϾሜ܌׎ԋϐᐒఓࠈӝΚǴςค ݤගٮى୼ᗹ๱மࡋǴӢԜሡࣴว΋ᅿଯ܄ૈڀԖଯᗹ๱܄Ъե֎Н౗ޑ׷਑Ǵ ׯ๓Ҟ߻ᆵ᡼೿཮୔ϣࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄগပӍϯǶ! ΒǵࣴزБݤᆶၸำ ౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ٩ځЬाಔԋԋϩёϩࣁԖᐒᆶคᐒٿᜪǴԖᐒௗ๱ᏊЬाࣁᕉ ਼ᐋિǴคᐒௗ๱ᏊёཷϩࣁНݝࣳዀ/НݝԪዀٿᜪǶҁࣴزЬा௖૸ౠᑄค ᐒௗ๱Ꮚ੝܄ᆶᔈҔǶ೸ၸᇆ໣୯ϣѦౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ࣬ᜢ኱ྗ܈ೕጄǴुۓ၂ᡍी ฝǴ௖૸คᐒௗ๱Ꮚ੝܄٠ࣴวཥࠠౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊǶ၂ᡍ׷਑хࡴНݝǵಒಈ਑ǵ Нݝ፦׷਑ǵҘ୷ᠼᆢનǵёϩණᐋિϷځдѦуᏊǴ຾Չ୷ҁ׷਑܄፦၂ᡍϷ ଛК೛ीǴଛᇙНݝࣳዀ܈НݝԪዀǴ຾Չל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ໔Ȑopen timeȑ၂ᡍǵԏᕭ၂ᡍᆶྖ౽၂ᡍ฻Ƕᆕӝ၂ᡍ่݀٠ᆶ୯Ѧ࣬ᜢЎ᝘຾ՉКၨǴ ᔕु୯ϣคᐒНݝ፦ౠᑄᗹ๱ࣳዀ/НݝԪዀϐ኱ྗ૛ਢǶ Οǵख़ाว౜ ൘ǵġዴᇡቹៜౠᑄᗹ๱όؼޑচӢ 1. җܭషᏉβӍϯ(ٯӵǺᒳโᆭᇑ܈ᡵମ׷ϸᔈ)Ꮴठ୷ۭቫޑઇᚯǶ 2. অႬࣳዀޑࡼπόؼᏤठᗹ๱Ѩ௳Ƕ 3. ௗ๱Ꮚҁيޑᗹ๱ΚόىᏤठᗹ๱Ѩ௳Ƕ 4. ౠᑄᗹຠࡼπόؼ(ٯӵǺᗹຠਔ໔ၸߏ܈٠҂ᓸຠֹԋ)Ꮴठᗹ๱Ѩ௳Ƕ

XII ມǵġ༼᏾ౠᑄНݝ፦ௗ๱Ꮚ኱ྗ ҁࣴز༼᏾ ISO13007-4 ύНݝ፦ౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚᗹ๱܄ૈЬा೸ၸౠᑄל܎ௗ ๱மࡋǵ୊Κௗ๱மࡋǵྖ౽ߏࡋǵබ࿼ਔ໔ϷᐉӛᡂՏ฻၂ᡍຑ՗ౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ ϐᗹ๱܄ૈǶ ୖǵġຑ՗ཥࠠౠᑄНݝ፦ௗ๱Ꮚ܄ૈᆶ၂ᡍБݤ ҁࣴزᇡࣁౠᑄНݝ፦ௗ๱Ꮚޑπբ܄ૈ(ྖ౽ߏࡋǵබ࿼ਔ໔)ǴΚᏢ܄፦ (ל܎ௗ๱மࡋǵ୊Κௗ๱மࡋ)ǵऐΦ܄(੆НϷ዗Դϯϐל܎ௗ๱மࡋᆶౠᑄᗹ ๱ᏊҁيԏᕭՉࣁ)Ǵࣁຑ՗ౠᑄНݝ፦ௗ๱Ꮚᗹ๱܄ૈޑЬाБݤǶ စǵġගрౠᑄНݝ፦ௗ๱Ꮚ࣬ᜢ኱ྗ૛ਢ ҁࣴزୖྣځд࣬ᜢ኱ྗϷ၂ᡍ่݀ǴගрౠᑄНݝ፦ௗ๱Ꮚᆶ༤ᕳᏊ኱ྗ ૛ਢǶ ѤǵЬाࡌ᝼٣໨ ਥᏵҁਢࣴز຾ՉϐࡕǴගрҥջёՉࡌ᝼Ϸύߏයࡌ᝼Ƕ ࡌ᝼΋ ҥջёՉࡌ᝼—ᔕۓౠᑄᗹ๱ࡼπᆜाೕጄǶ ЬᒤᐒᜢǺՉࡹଣϦӅπำہ঩཮ ڐᒤᐒᜢǺύ๮҇୯ӄ୯ࡌᑐৣϦ཮ǵѠ᡼ഏౠπ཰ӕ཰Ϧ཮ Ҟ߻୯ϣวғࡐӭଆѦᕅౠᑄ௞ပ٣ҹǴᏤठΓ঩ޑ໾ΫǶӢԜଞჹѦᕅౠ ᑄᗹ๱܄ૈޑӳᚯ੝ձख़ຎǶ࿶ၸвಒ௖૸ࡕǴว౜Α೚ӭ೷ԋౠᑄ௞ပޑচӢǴ ӵషᏉβۭ׷ӍϯǵঅႬࣳዀޑࡼπόؼǵᗹຠࡼπόዴჴǵᗹຠਔ໔ၸߏ฻চ ӢᏤठᗹ๱Ѩ௳Ǵ٠ߚࣣࢂൂપӢࣁௗ๱Ꮚҁيޑᗹ๱܄ૈό٫܌೷ԋޑᗹ๱Ѩ ௳ǴӢԜाှ،ਥҁޑୢᚒନΑቚуௗ๱Ꮚҁيᗹ๱܄ૈѦǴ׳ाଞჹࡼπݤ଺ ΋ೕጄǶ ਥᏵҁࣴزЎ᝘ᇆ໣༼᏾ࡕว౜ନΑௗ๱ᏊҁيჹѦᕅౠᑄᗹ๱Ԗࡐεޑ ቹៜǴќѦౠᑄЁκǵख़ໆǵङྎǵڬᎁᕉნǵྕᔸࡋϷ॥ೲǵࡼπБݤϷѺۭ ӳᚯჹܭᗹ๱܄ૈޑቹៜǶӢԜගрѦᕅౠᑄᗹ๱ࡼπᒳाೕጄύǴӢଞჹࡼπ

ᕉნ(ྕࡋᆶᔸࡋ)ǵౠᑄ܄ૈ(֎Н౗ǵङྎుࡋᆶࠠԄ)ǵࡼπБԄ(ࢂցዴჴࡪ ᓸᗹຠǵௗ๱Ꮚ༡ܓࡕӭΦϣᗹຠ)Ǿ฻଺ܴዴޑೕۓᆶज़ڋǴёаԖਏ෧Ͽౠ ᑄᗹ๱Ѩ௳ԶᏤठౠᑄ௞ပǶ ࡌ᝼Β ύߏයࡌ᝼—ଞჹ౜Ӧຑ՗ౠᑄᗹ๱܄ૈБݤϐࣴزǶ ЬᒤᐒᜢǺϣࡹ೽ࡌᑐࣴز܌ ڐᒤᐒᜢǺ࿶ᔮ೽኱ྗᔠᡍֽ Ҟ߻ीฝ໻ଞჹౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚҁيᗹ๱܄ૈ଺ࣴزǴฅԶᕉნ(ྕࡋᆶᔸࡋ)ǵ ౠᑄ܄ૈ(֎Н౗ǵङྎుࡋᆶࠠԄ)ǵࡼπБԄ(ࢂցዴჴࡪᓸᗹຠǵௗ๱Ꮚ༡ܓ ࡕӭΦϣᗹຠ)ჹౠᑄᗹຠޑӳᚯቹៜࣗεǴฅԶ୯ϣଞჹ౜ӦӵՖղᘐᗹຠޑ ࠔ፦ޑӳᚯ٠ؒԖ΋ܴዴޑೕۓǴᏤठࡕុౠᑄ௞ပ೷ԋޑϦӼཀѦǶӢԜёа ೸ၸ༼᏾୯Ѧςࡌҥޑ౜Ӧౠᑄௗ๱܄ૈᔠෳБݤǴ٠Եໆ୯ϣޑ፾Ҕ܄Ǵࡌҥ ΋঺౜Ӧຑ՗ౠᑄᗹ๱܄ૈޑБݤǶ ೸ၸҁࣴزଞჹౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊޑೕጄૈԖਏዴߥௗ๱Ꮚҁيޑᗹ๱மࡋǴ٠ࡌ ҥ౜ӦѦᕅౠᑄᗹ๱ࡼπᒳाೕጄٰᗉխࡼπό྽೷ԋᗹ๱Ѩ௳Ǵӆᔕۓ΋঺౜ Ӧຑ՗ౠᑄᗹ๱܄ૈޑБݤǴ࣬ߞૈԖਏׯ๓୯ϣࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄ௞ပᏤठΓ঩ ໾ΫǴ٠ૈ෧Ͽ௞ပࡕाख़ཥᗹຠޑ࿶຤٠෧Ͽ׷਑ޑੁ຤Ǵၲډ࿯ૈ෧ᅹᆶ҉ ុว৖ޑҞ኱Ƕ࣬ߞऩૈၲډԜҞ኱Ǵჹܭ୯ϣౠᑄౢ཰ޑว৖Ψࢂ࣬྽Ԗਏ੻ ޑǶ

Abstract

Keywords: high-performance tile adhesive, inorganic cementitious tile adhesive mortars / grouts

Background

With the quality of life improved and beautiful decoration based considerations, tile has become an integral part of building materials. However, once the building facade tiles falling off, not only does it affect the appearance of cities, but also it threaten the people's lives and safety. In recent years

,

the serious deterioration ofold facades tile can be found everywhere in Taiwan. What’s worse is that the exterior wall tile fall occurredresulting in casualties. Traditional cement mortaradhesive addingaquasorb, where mortar andbrickrely onthe backgroovebinding andembedporeformationof mechanical bite force, has been unable to provide sufficient adhesion strength. Consequently, to develop a high performance with high adhesion and low water absorption of the material is necessary to improve the current situation

of

deterioration of peeling tile facades in Taiwan metropolitan area

.

2. Research Method and Process

Tile adhesives are classified into two types: organic and inorganic. The organic tile adhesive is epoxy resin, while inorganic adhesive can be summarized into cement mortar /grout. This study investigates the characteristics and application of inorganic tile adhesive by collecting abroad relevant stands and specifications. Test materials including cement, fine aggregate, cementitious material, methyl cellulose, dispersible resin and other additives were used to prepare mix design and cast cement mortars and grouts. Tensile adhesion strength test, open time test, shrinkage test and slip-resistance test were performed. Test results were obtained and discussed, and then compared with abroad relevant stands and specifications. As a result, relevant national norms of cementitious tile adhesive performance were proposed in this study.

XVI

3. Important Research Results

Confirmharmfulfactors affecting the tile adhesive

Five harmfulfactors affecting the tile adhesive are following:

The deterioration of concrete (for example, reinforcement corrosion or alkali aggregate reaction) leads to the destruction of the basal layer.

The modified mortar leads to poor construction adhesive failure. The insufficient adhesion adhesive itself causes adhesion failure.

The poor construction (for example,adhesivetoo longor not pressed against completed) causes adhesion failure.

The tile back shallow ditch or tile adhesive excessive water absorption causes adhesion failure.

(2)Aggregated global cementitious tile adhesive Specifications

This study aggregated global cementitious tile adhesive specifications, such as (ISO)13007-4, EN12004, ANSI118.4, and BS 1348. The properties of cementitious

tile adhesive were conducted by tensile adhesion strength, shear adhesion strength, slip-resistant length, open time and transverse deformation tests.

(3) Propose assessment methods and standards on performance of cementitious tile adhesive.

The workability (slip-resistant length, open time), mechanical properties (tensile adhesion strength, shear adhesion strength), durability (tensile adhesion strength after water immersion or heat ageing, shrinkage of tile adhesive itself) are the main assessment methods on performance of cementitious tile adhesive.

(4) Draft relevant national norms of cementitious tile adhesive performance

After aggregating global cementitious tile adhesive Specification, relevant national norms of cementitious tile adhesive performance were proposed in this study.

4. Main Suggestions

According to the study carried out, the suggestions and immediate and long-term recommendations were given as following:

Suggestion 1:

Immediate recommendations: Establish exterior walltileadhesivebuildconstruction specifications on site.

Executive institution: Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan

Cooperative institution: Architect, Architecture, Construction, ROCǵChinese Institute of Civil & Hydraulic Engineering

At present, many casualties happened due to theexterior wall tiles fallin Taiwan. In approaching this issue, we must especially pay attention to the performance of exterior wall tile adhesive. From the exterior walltilesfall events one can found that many reasons caused by falling tiles, including the deterioration of the substrate, construction adhesive untrue and adhesive too long. Thus, to solve the fundamental problem is not only to increasethe adhesive properties ofthe adhesive itself, but also tomakeaspecificationfor theconstruction method.

According to the research literature, we found that the adhesive bonding agent itself has a great impact on the external walls of tile. In addition, the tile size, weight, back groove, the surrounding environment, temperature, humidity and wind speed, and construction methods also have a significant influence on the external walls of tile. Therefore, it is important to propose the specifications on Construction ofthe external walls of tileadhesive, such as construction environment (temperature andhumidity), tiled properties (absorption, back groove depth and type), and construction methods (pressed completely, how long after the agent is applied within the adhesive). As a result, it could reduce adhesionfailure effectively.

XVIII

Suggestion 2:

Long-term recommendation: Research on evaluation method of tile adhesive performance on site.

Executive institution: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior

Cooperative institution: Bureau of Standard, Metrology and Inspection, M.O.E.A. This study investigate the properties of tile adhesive. However, the environment (temperature and humidity), tiled properties (absorption, back groove depth and type), and construction methods (pressed completely, how long after the agent is applied within the adhesive) have a significant influence on the tile adhesive. There is still no clear regulation to judge the tile adhesive quality and results in subsequent industrial safety accident caused by tile falling. Consequently, How to propose assessment methods and standards on properties of tile adhesive is an important and urgent issue. In addition to investigating the properties of tile adhesive, this study is also to establish an assessment methods of cementitious tile adhesive on site. The purpose is to reduce the casualties caused by the exterior wall tile fall, save cost of reconstruction, and reduce carbon emissions and sustainable development goals. We believe if we achieve this goal, the development of tile industry will be quite profitable in domestic.

ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ

ಃ ΋ ࿯ ! ࣴ ز ጔ ଆ ᆶ ङ ඳ !

൘ǵࣴزጔଆ

ᒿ๱ғࢲࠔ፦ගܹ٠୷ܭးঅऍᢀԵໆǴౠᑄςԋࣁࡌᑐ׷਑ύόё܈લޑ ೽ϩǶฅԶࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄ΋ѿগပǴό໻ቹៜѱ৒ᢀᘳǴჹΓ҇ғڮӼӄϐӒ ্ҭࢂ࣬྽εޑᗦኁӵკ 1-1Ƕ߈ԃٰǴᆵ᡼ӢԴᙑࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄӍϯᝄख़ރ ݩККࣣࢂǴ׳මวғӢѦᕅౠᑄ௞ပᏤठΓ঩ޑ໾ΫǶ໺಍Нݝࣳዀѝబуߥ НᏊᇙԋϐௗ๱ᏊǴॸ᎞ࣳዀᆶय़ᑄङय़ྎኲ่ӝϷয়ΕϾሜ܌׎ԋϐᐒఓࠈӝ ΚǴςคݤගٮى୼ᗹ๱மࡋǴӢԜሡࣴว΋ᅿଯ܄ૈڀԖଯᗹ๱܄Ъե֎Н౗ ޑ׷਑Ǵׯ๓Ҟ߻ᆵ᡼೿཮୔ϣࡌᑐނѦᕅౠᑄগပӍϯǶ

ມǵࣴزङඳ

ᆵ᡼Տܭ๷ࡓᇯੇ݈༧کኻ٥εഌ݈༧ޑᆫӝᜐࣚǴр౜Ӧ᎜ᐒ౗ߚதᓎᕷǴ ᆵ᡼Ӧ౛Տ࿼ڙ٥዗஥਻ংቹៜǴ؂ԃޑ 6ǵ7ǵ8 Д҅ॶረ॥ଯঢ়යǴεໆޑߘ Нؑᇑஒ೷ԋౠᑄ္Ѧཞ্ǴϷౠᑄগပǴᗦᙒ๱೚ӭወӧޑӒᐒϷӒᓀǶ߈ԃ ٰǴ൞ᡏόᘐޑӧኞൔౠᑄ௞ပઅ໾ΓޑཥᆪǴӵ୷ໜനଯነϺεኴǴౠᑄগပ અԝ 7 Ԓ஁Γ[1]ǹΓՉၰၡౠᑄᜬᛜᏤठ٬ҔΓຳॹڙ໾ǴՉ୏όБߡޑΓ׳ ࢂЬाڙ໾௼ဂǶ٩Ᏽࡌᑐݤಃ 77 చಃ 1 ໨ೕۓǺࡌᑐނ܌Ԗ៾Γǵ٬ҔΓᔈ ᆢៈࡌᑐނӝݤ٬Ҕᆶځᄬ೷Ϸ೛ഢӼӄǶ٩ࡌᑐݤಃ 95-1 చಃ΋ೕۓǺၴϸ ಃΎΜΎచϐΒಃ΋໨܈ಃΒ໨ೕۓޣǴೀࡌᑐނ܌Ԗ៾Γǵ٬ҔΓ܈࠻ϣးঅ வ཰ޣཥᆵჾϤ࿤ϡа΢ΟΜ࿤ϡаΠᆦᗞǴ٠ज़යׯ๓܈ံᒤǴၻයϝ҂ׯ๓ ܈ံᒤޣளೱុೀᆦǶऩԴᙑεኴޑѦᕅҡ׷܈ౠᑄ܈ᜪ՟ނǴ௞ပ೷ԋдΓғ ڮǵيᡏ܈଄ނ฻ϦӅӼӄϐӒᓀਔǴஒ೏ೀϤ࿤ϡа΢ϤΜ࿤ϡаΠޑᆦᗞǶ ќ߾ǴϦ൥ε༺ᆅ౛చٯಃ 56 ೕۓǺȨᐱҥࡌᑐނ܌Ԗ៾ϐᕅᏛǴаᕅϐѦጔࣁ

2 ࣚǵࡌᑐނӅҔϐᕅᏛǴаᕅᏛϐύЈࣁࣚȩǶࣁᗉխа΢௶ॊӆวғǴࡕុஒ ௖૸ӚᅿౠᑄগပวғϐচӢǶ ᒿ๱ౠᑄᅿᜪޑόӕǴ܌ሡा٬Ҕޑౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊΨԖ܌ৡձǶᒿ๱Γ҇ჹࡌ ᑐނऍᢀޑा؃Ǵჹܭౠᑄελǵ׎ރǵᚑՅǵҔ೼Ϸሡ؃ຫٰຫቶݱǴҞ߻୯ ϣεໆ٬ҔӚᅿౠᑄᎎຠǴЪჹܭౠᑄᗹ๱܄Ϸπݤᔠෳ׳уᝄ਱ǴࣁᅈىΑа ΢ሡ؃ǴѸ໪ዴߥௗ๱Ꮚޑᛙۓ܄ǴаߥምΓ҇ӼӄǶ୯ϣౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊЬाϩࣁ ԖᐒᆶคᐒٿεᜪǴԖᐒЬाࣁᕉ਼ᐋિǴคᐒёϩࣁНݝࣳዀϷНݝԪዀٿᅿǶ வၸѐډ౜ϞǴౠᑄᕅౢғগပکᓫ຋ޑ౜ຝǴЬाচӢࣁᕉნൾӍ(Ӧ᎜ǵለ ߘᅖΕǵВᠴ)ࡼπό྽Ϸ׷਑όዴჴ٬Ҕ(ѦуᏊ)܌೷ԋǶࣁΑׯ๓ౠᑄޑᗹ๱ மࡋϷऐΦ܄ǴӢԜவׯ๓ௗ๱Ꮚ܄፦ࣁࣴزҞޑǶ კ 1-1 ౠᑄগပ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[1])

ಃΒ࿯ ࣴزҞޑ

ҁीฝୖԵ࣬ᜢ୯ϣѦޑ၂ᡍБݤᆶԋ݀Ǵ೛ीଛӝКٯᇙբӚᅿНݝዀᡏ ၂ᡏǴ຾Չל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ໔(open time)၂ᡍǵԏᕭ၂ᡍϷྖ౽฻၂ ᡍǴຑ՗၂ᡍ׷਑Нݝǵಒಈ਑ǵНݝ፦׷਑ǵҘ୷ᠼᆢનǵёϩණᐋિϷځд ѦуᏊჹܭౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄፦ޑቹៜǴ٠ᔕۓ୯ϣ፾Ҕޑ኱ྗೕጄ૛ਢǴࣴزႣය ҞޑӵΠǺ 1.༼᏾୯ϣѦౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ࣬ᜢ኱ྗ܈ೕጄǶ 2.ዴᇡόӕભձНݝ፦ౠᑄᗹ๱ࣳዀϷНݝԪዀଛКǶ 3.ुۓౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈሡ؃ǵᔠෳᡍБԄϷϢԏ኱ྗǶ 4.ࣴᔕНݝ፦ౠᑄᗹ๱ࣳዀ܈НݝԪዀϐ኱ྗ૛ਢǶ

ಃΟ࿯ ࣴزीฝख़ा܄

ך୯୯ৎ኱ྗᆶౠᑄ࣬ᜢޑ኱ྗၨϿǴҞ߻኱ྗჹౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈा؃Ǵ٩ ྣ CNS12611 ෳ၂܌ளޑל܎ௗ๱மࡋࣁЬǶ΋૓٬Ҕௗ๱Ꮚ߻Ǵ໪ӃΑှ٬Ҕ ޑय़ᑄᜪձӵӦय़ᑄ(Ӧय़းႬ)ǵᕅय़ᑄ(ᕅय़ϣѦ)܈଺ࣁߥៈޑ׷਑Ƕᆵ᡼٬ Ҕໆനࣁቶݱޑय़ᑄࣁౠᑄǴय़ᑄޑচ਑ԖᗹβǵҡमǵߏҡϷځѬޖለᡵᜪচ ਑Ǵ(ځЬाԋϩᆶфૈӵ߄ 1-1)[2]Ƕय़ᑄΞϩࣁഏ፦ǵҡ፦ǵϷౠ፦ΟᅿǴഏ ፦य़ᑄЬाҔܭ࠻ϣᕅᏛǴҡ፦य़ᑄҔܭ࠻ϣӦय़Ǵౠ፦य़ᑄ߾፾Ҕܭ࠻ϣѦӦ य़ϷᕅᏛ(ځ੝܄ӵ߄ 1-2)[3]Ƕ ߄ 1-1 य़ᑄচ਑Ьाԋϩᆶфૈ ׷਑ϩᜪ Ьा܄፦ ٰྍ բҔ ᗹβ ё༟܄ ཰ᛪҡ ᔅշᏉ่ ҡम ߚё༟܄ ҡम۟ǵқޖҡ ቚமዅృࡋ ߏҡ շྋᏊচ਑ ҅ߏҡǵ້ߏҡ फ़եྕࡋ ޖለᡵᜪচ਑ ႂᛰচ਑ ߏҡǵҡम ߥៈ߄य़ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[2])

4 ߄ 1-2 य़ᑄᅿᜪϷ੝܄ ੝܄ ഏ፦ ҡ፦ ౠ፦ ֎Н౗ 18%аΠ 6%аΠ 1%аΠ ᐨԋྕࡋ 1000~1100 1100~1200ʚ 1200ʚ ᇙำ ଯྕᐨᇙǴણಈ҂ ֹӄᅙӝ ଯྕᐨᇙǴણಈъ ᅙӝ ଯྕᐨᇙǴણಈֹ ӄᅙӝ ஏࡋ ৡ ፾ύ ଯ ፾ҔՏ࿼ ႂᑄǺᏛय़ คႂᑄǺҔܭЊѦ ό፾ЊѦϷϦӅ ൑܌ Њϣǵ࠻Ѧࣣё (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[3]) 1.ᗹ๱ࣳዀ੝܄ ΋૓໺಍܄ᗹ๱ࣳዀ೿ࢂа౜൑Γπ܏ӝǵၸᑔϷໆગБԄࣁЬǴჹܭ׷਑ ᆒዴ܄Ϸ௓ڋମ׷ಈ৩ၨόᛙۓǶܭࡼπਔǴӢໆෳ೛ഢѨᑽǵಈ਑܏ӝ֖Нໆ όᆒྗǵΓπѨᇤǵࡼπਔаБߡՉ٣೷ԋಈ਑КٯѨᑽϷၸᑔਔӧؒԖᅱπΓ ঩ޑᅱ࿎Π٬ၸᑔόֹӄǴ۳۳೿ࢂ೷ԋౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚᗹ๱ΚکߥНࡋޑόىޑচ ӢǶа۳໺಍НݝࣳዀѝబуߥНᏊٰቚуࣳዀޑᗹ๱ΚǴ٬ࣳዀᆶय़ᑄङय़ྎ ኲٰ଺่ӝаϷয়ΕϾሜٰ׎ԋ܌ᒏޑᐒఓࠈӝǴՠӧӵϞς࿶คݤᅈىӚᅿౠ ᑄ܌ሡाޑᗹ๱மࡋा؃ǴࣁΑाׯ๓ԜރݩǴ߾ሡाࣴวрଯ܄ૈЪڀԖଯᗹ ๱ΚаϷ֎Н౗եޑ׷਑ǴёᙖҗуΕ೚ӭόӕޑѦуᏊǴӵҘ୷ᠼᆢનǵёϩ ණᐋિ܈ځѬѦуᏊǴٰׯ๓ځচԖ੝܄Ǵှ،౜Ϟᗹ๱Κόىޑୢᚒ 2.ᗹ๱ᐒ౛ϩ݋ ౠᑄᆶНݝࣳዀ่ӝਔ܌ౢғޑᗹ๱ᐒڋǴЬाࣁᐒఓࠈӝ [4,5]Ƕ࿶ჴᡍ ᢀჸǴቹៜय़ᑄᆶНݝࣳዀᗹ๱ΚǴЬाӢηԖϟय़ߕ๱ΚǵነᔔΚǵମ׷ϕᙹ ਏᔈϷਔ໔[8]ǶќѦ೷ԋय़ᑄগပޑٿεЬӢǴϩձࣁँว܄܈ڬය܄ޑߏය բҔΚϷբҔΚၨอޑӦ᎜ΚаϷ॥Κ[4]ǶନΑа΢ୢᚒǴ྽ᔈΚຬၸௗ๱Ꮚ

ҁي׷਑மࡋਔҭࢂౠᑄগပޑЬӢǶ 3.ᗹ๱ᐒ౛ϐϣᔈΚ ௨ନΑ׷਑ҁيࠔ፦аϷࡼπό྽ޑୢᚒǴѦΚբҔ೷ԋౠᑄکНݝࣳዀ܌ ౢғޑᡂ׎Ǵ٬ௗ๱ᏊύౢғϣᔈΚຬၸᗹ๱܄மࡋԶౢғઇᚯǴࢂౠᑄЬाগ ပޑচӢǶౠᑄ߄य़ϷጤણჹܭόӕޑᗹௗᐒڋٰࣴزǴځ่݀ᡉҢǴౠᑄ߄य़ ຫӀྖಒጏǴ຋ᕳຫ৒ܰౢғǴճҔёӆϩණᐋિᆶय़ᑄ׎ԋጤ่բҔǴቚуᗹ ๱மࡋǴё෧Ͽ຋ᕳౢғ٠ቚуᗹ่य़ᑈǶഏᑄΨё٬ҔёӆϩණᐋિǴёׯ๓ ࣳዀࢋ໧܄ϷٛЗഏᑄᎁډ܎຋Ǵՠ࣬ჹޑਏ݀ؒԖКय़ᑄٰޑӳǶࢋ܄ࣳዀబ уΑόӕКٯޑጤણǴёफ़եΑᗹ่ቸ܄ኳኧ٠ቚуځࢋ܄Ǵׯ๓Αࣳዀ୊Κௗ ๱மࡋ[6]Ƕ 4.य़ᑄ֎Н౗ቹៜ ௗ๱Ꮚऍ୯ǵኻ࿉ϷځдӚঁ୯ৎ኱ྗύǴჹܭόӕޑᅿᜪޑௗ๱ᏊǴय़ᑄ ϐᅿᜪ֎Н౗Ϸ၂ᡍБݤԖځόӕޑा؃Ƕऍ୯୯ৎ኱ྗ ANSI118.4 ुۓόӕ֎ Н౗ϷόӕᕉნΠ܌ჹӚᅿౠᑄ୊Κமࡋޑೕጄ(ӵ߄ 1-3)[7]ǴԶኻ࿉ EN 12004 ଞჹഏᑄᕅӦௗ๱ᏊǴჹόӕౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚځ֎Н౗ϷமࡋޑϩભǴ(ӵ߄ 1-4)[8]Ƕ

6 ߄ 1-3 ୊Κமࡋा؃(ANSI118.4) ᎦៈБԄ ᜪձ 7Ϻ(ޜ਻Ꭶ ៈ) 28Ϻ(ޜ਻ Ꭶៈ) 84Ϻ(ޜ਻ Ꭶៈ) 7Ϻ(੆Н) 28Ϻ(এᑼ ൻᕉ) Aᜪౠᑄ ɧ20.9 kg/cm2 ɧ20.9 kg/cm2 ɧ20.9 kg/cm2 ɧ10.0 kg/cm2 -- Cᜪౠᑄ ɧ14.0 kg/cm2 ɧ14.0 kg/cm2 ɧ14.0 kg/cm2 ɧ10.5 kg/cm2 ɧ12.2 kg/cm2 Dᜪౠᑄ ɧ7.0 kg/cm2 ɧ10.5 kg/cm2 ɧ10.5 kg/cm2 -- ɧ7.0kg/cm2 ౠᑄ߄Ңᅿᜪࣁ ANSI137.1 Aᜪႂय़ᕅౠ 108×108×8mm ֎Н౗ 13~15% Cᜪߚႂय़ଭᖻլ 50×50×6mm ֎Н౗ 0~0.5% Dᜪߚႂय़आᑄ 102×208×13mm ֎Н౗ɦ5% (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[7]) ߄ 1-4 ၂ᡍҔഏౠᑄा؃ೕጄ(EN12004W) ௗ๱Ꮚᅿᜪ ၂ᡍҔഏౠᑄा؃ மࡋ Нݝ୷ౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ ֎Н౗ɩ0.2% ҂΢ႂǴڀѳ᏾ᗹ่य़ (50±2)×(50±2)×(4~10)mm C1฻ભ C2฻ભ ӚᅿᎦៈ܎ ՜చҹᗹ๱ மࡋɪ 5 kg/cm2 ӚᅿᎦៈ܎ ՜చҹᗹ๱ மࡋɪ 10 kg/cm2 ଯރ٢నౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ ֎Н౗(15±3%) ڀѳ᏾ᗹ่य़ (108±2)×(108±2)(6~10)mm D1฻ભ D2฻ભ ӚᅿᎦៈ܎ ՜చҹ୊Κ ᗹ๱மࡋɪ 10 kg/cm2 ੆Н୊Κᗹ ๱மࡋɪ 5 kg/cm2 ໒ܫਔ໔ 20 ϩ܎՜ᗹ๱ ଯྕΠ୊Κ ᗹ๱மࡋɪ

மࡋɪ 5 kg/cm2 10 kg/cm2 ϸᔈࠠᐋિౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ ֎Н౗ɩ0.2% ҂΢ႂǴڀѳ᏾ᗹ่य़ (100±2)×(100±2)(6~10)mm R1฻ભ R2฻ભ ୊Κᗹ๱ம ࡋɪ 20 kg/cm2 ଯեྕ୊Κ ൻᕉᗹ๱ம ࡋɪ 20 kg/cm2 ໒ܫਔ໔ 20 ϩ܎՜ᗹ๱ மࡋɪ 5 kg/cm2 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[8]) ᆵ᡼Ѥय़ᕉੇឦܭӦ᎜஥Ǵౠᑄᗹ๱மࡋܰڙѦӧᕉნቹៜౢғগပ౜ຝǴ ฅԶ୯ৎ؂ԃጓӈޑπำႣᆉԖज़ǶऩคݤԖਏٛЗౠᑄগပޑวғǴ൩ሡाᚐ Ѧӭ޸΋฽ߎ຤ٰঅံࣗԿख़ࡌǴᏤठځдπำ຾ࡋ࡙ᄌǶ΋૓ԶقǴౠᑄ࿶җ ፾྽ޑೕჄǵଛКϷࡼπዴߥНݝࣳዀࠔ፦(ӵߥНࡋǴᗹ๱܄฻)Ǵջ٬ӧൾӍ ޑᕉნΠǴౠᑄޑᗹ๱܄ёаၲډന٫኱ྗխܭগပǹฅԶǴӧჴሞޑπำᔈҔ ΢Ǵ۳۳Ӣ೛ीό҅ዴ܈٬Ҕޑಔӝ׷਑ό྽Ǵࡼπࠔ፦Ж٫܈ᆅ౛όֹ๓฻Ӣ નޑቹៜǴठ٬ౠᑄߚႣයগပਢٯቫрόጁǶ٣ჴ΢ǴԖ೚ӭਢٯёа᛾ܴౠ ᑄӢࡼπݤᒱᇤԶᏤठཞᚯǹӵѠύѱՐӻεኴр౜Ȩᛈᑄȩ౜ຝǴ200 ЊཥࡂǴ ֹπ 3 ԃࠅԖ߈ 6 ԋ܊ࡂޑӦᑄԖᛈᑄ౜ຝǶਥᏵҞ߻ᆵ᡼অံӦᑄ຤Ҕೱπ஥ ਑Ǵᆢঅ຤΋ڳऊ 5000 ϡǶচࡌ୘ᎎ೛ҡमӦᑄǴᎁډᔒᓸᡂ׎Զ຋໒Ǵֹӄ ؒԖᗹ๱ϷНݝࣳዀ౩ၞǴࡌ୘ӣᔈচӢࣁϺ਻ϼհǴ዗๞հᕭᏤठౠᑄᛈᑄǴ Զ஑ৎࡰрځࡼπݤᒱᇤǺȨౠᑄӢࣁֹӄؒԖ੮ᕳǴӆ΋ᕭ΋๞ϐ໔Ǵౢғໜ ଆ౜ຝȩǶ٠ࡰрǴҡमᑄѸ໪ߥ੮ 2 ᙶԯޑޜሜǴฅԶࡌ୘ࣁा؃ऍᢀஒҡम

8 ᑄคᕳሜᗹຠǴу΢ଯஏࡋҡमᑄ֎НࡋཱུեǴ٬Ҕ໺಍Нݝ܏؅ޑӦᑄຠݤǴ ᗹ๱ࡋ࣬ჹό୼Ǵ߾৒ܰౢғᛈᑄಥပǴऩૈ٬Ҕௗ๱Ꮚ଺ङຠǴёԖਏޑ෧Ͽ ᛈᑄ౜ຝ[9]Ƕଯ໢π୍ֽ಍ी᏾ঁଯ໢ѱ 16 ኴа΢ଯቫࡌᑐԖ 1213 ෂǴςֹ ԋ߻ߎǵᡶᶘǵऴ໡ǵስξǵཥᑫ฻ 5 ୔ಃ΋໘ࢤ 893 ෂԴᙑࡌނѦᕅْࢗǴว ౜ځύ 173 ෂ೿ԖౠᑄগပǴԿϞ໻ 4 ෂѦᕅౠᑄςঅൺֹԋǶࡌᆅೀ߄ҢǴӢ ԴᙑࡌᑐѦᕅౠᑄ௞ပቹៜϦӅӼӄୢᚒǴሡமϯϦ൥ε༺ᆅ౛ᆢៈ٠ᑈཱུࢗჸǶ ߃؁ว౜গပޑ 173 ෂύǴԖ 5 ෂୢᚒၨᝄख़Ǵ٠ගᒬ҇౲ݙཀӼӄǶऩૈԖਏ ׯ๓গပୢᚒǴૈ෧ϿӢѦᕅౠᑄগပ೷ԋ໾Γ܈અ໾ً፶฻ϦӼ٣ҹǴϷ෧Ͽ ᆢៈ຤Ҕ[10]Ƕ ᆕ΢܌ॊǴଞჹౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊऐΦ܄Ϸᗹ๱܄Ӣη຾Չ௖૸Ǵ٠ჹౠᑄᗹ๱܄ ගр׳٫ޑଛӝКٯǴёᗉխӼӄޑӒ্ᆶၗྍޑੁ຤ǶฅԶቹៜౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚύ നЬाӢηࣁ܏ӝϐషӝᏊϷࡼπݤǴࡺҁीฝᔕஒНݝࣳዀ܏ӝࡕǴ຾Չל܎ ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ໔(open time)၂ᡍǵԏᕭ၂ᡍϷྖ౽၂ᡍǴ࿶җ၂ᡍኧᏵ ϩ݋Ǵຑ՗ל܎மࡋǵබ࿼ਔ໔ǵԏᕭϷࠟࢬࡋޑቹៜǴ٠ගрന٫ׯ๓БԄ٠ ᔕۓ୯ϣౠᑄ኱ྗ૛ਢǶ

ಃѤ࿯ ࣴزࢬำ

ҁीฝӃۓကрܴዴҞޑᆶࣴزጄൎǴ೸ၸЎ᝘ᇆ໣٠༼᏾ࡕዴᇡଛКᇙբ ၂ᡏǴ຾Չל܎மࡋ၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ໔(open time)ᔠෳǵԏᕭ၂ᡍϷྖ౽၂ᡍǴຑ ՗ࠟࢬॶ௓ڋуНໆǴ،ۓௗ๱ᏊଛКǶࢬำӵკ 1-2Ƕ

ࣴزҞޑᆶጄൎ! ԏ໣୯ϣѦၗ਑! ᔕۓ၂ᡍीฝ! ၂ኬᇙբᆶᎦៈ! ༼᏾၂ᡍ่݀،ۓௗ๱ᏊଛК! ᔕۓ୯ৎ኱ྗ૛ਢ! ל܎ௗ๱மࡋ බ࿼ਔ໔ᔠෳ! ԏᕭ၂ᡍ! ྖ౽၂ᡍ! კ 1-2 ࣴزࢬำ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

ಃϖ࿯ ࣴزБݤϷ຾ࡋᇥܴ

ҁीฝЬा௖૸౜Չౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈǴӢԜӃ൩ቹៜౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄ૈϐচӢ ຾Չ௖૸ǴࡕុబуҘ୷ᠼᆢનǵёϩණᐋિϷځдѦуᏊܭௗ๱Ꮚύ຾Չ܎ௗ ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ໔Ȑopen timeȑ၂ᡍǵԏᕭ၂ᡍᆶྖ౽၂ᡍࡕǴ௖૸ځჹܭ ௗ๱Ꮚ܄ૈޑቹៜǴ٠ගрӚ܄፦ϐϢԏೕۓǴᔕۓ୯ৎ኱ྗ૛ਢǶ᏾ঁࣴزё ϩࣁΠӈΟ໘ࢤǺ ಃ΋೽ϩǺᇆ໣୯ϣѦჹܭౠᑄᗹ่Ꮚ࣬ᜢ၂ᡍݤᆶ܄ૈϢԏ኱ྗǶ ಃΒ೽ϩǺ೸ၸ၂ᡍຑ՗ӚБݤܭ୯ϣϐёՉ܄Ƕ

10 ಃΟ೽ϩǺਥᏵຑ՗่݀ᔕۓౠᑄᗹ่Ꮚ୯ৎ኱ྗ૛ਢǶ຾ࡋᇥܴӵკ 1-3Ƕ Д πբ໨Ҟ ಃ 1 ঁ Д ಃ 2 ঁ Д ಃ 3 ঁ Д ಃ 4 ঁ Д ಃ 5 ঁ Д ಃ 6 ঁ Д ಃ 7 ঁ Д ಃ 8 ঁ Д ಃ 9 ঁ Д ಃ 10 ঁ Д ಃ 11 ঁ Д ഢຏ ዴҥࣴزҞޑ ᆶጄൎ ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ᇆ໣ ᆶϩ݋ ၂ኬᇙբᆶᎦ ៈ ຾ՉӚ໨၂ᡍ ਥᏵ၂ᡍ่݀ ຑ՗፾Ҕܭ୯ ϣޑୖԵೕጄ ᆶϢԏ኱ྗ ᔕۓ୯ৎ኱ྗ ૛ਢ ԋ݀ൔ֋ਜ Ⴃ ۓ ຾ ࡋ ( ಕ ᑈ ኧ ) 7.7ʝ 15.4 ʝ 23.1 ʝ 38.5 ʝ 53.9 ʝ 61.6 ʝ 69.3 ʝ 77 ʝ 84.7 ʝ 92.4 ʝ 100 ʝ ᇥܴǺ ˞πբ໨Ҟፎຎीฝ܄፦ϷሡाԾՉुۓǴႣۓࣴز຾ࡋаಉጕ߄Ңځଆ૾ВයǶ ˟Ⴃۓࣴز຾ࡋԭϩК΋ឯǴ߯ࣁଛӝଓᙫԵਡբ཰܌೛ीǶፎа؂΋λ਱ಉಔጕࣁ΋ ϩǴ಍ी؃ளҁਢϐᕴϩǴӆஒӚДҽπբ໨Ҟϐಕᑈளϩ(ᆶϐ߻ӚДуᕴ)ନаᕴϩǴ ջࣁӚДҽϐႣۓ຾ࡋǶ ˠ ࣽ מ ी ฝ ፎ ຏ ܴ ࢗ ਡ ᗺ Ǵ բ ࣁ ؂ ΋ ۑ ܌ Ⴃ ۓ ֹ ԋ π բ ໨ Ҟ ϐ ࢗ ਡ ٩ Ᏽ Ƕ კ 1-3 ࣴز຾ࡋ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

ಃΒക Ў᝘ӣ៝

ಃ΋࿯ ߻ق

౜Ϟഏౠౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ೏ቶݱ٬ҔӧӚԄόӕޑӦБǴό໻ࢂଯኴѦᕅǵᎎय़ ӦᑄǵৎҔး⩰฻Ǵӧᆵ᡼ౠᑄаϷౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ٬ҔໆǴӧࡌᑐ׷਑Бय़Ψۚଯ όΠǶՠᒿ๱ԾฅࣚޑΚໆǵਔ໔ޑ௢౽аϷࡼπБԄό྽ǴஒЇᡂԋౠᑄઇᚯ ޑЬाӢનǶჹᎎय़ӦᑄԶقǴ΋૓วғӧհ዗ྕৡᡂϯཱུεޑۑ࿯ύǴЪεӭ ࢂаࡼπБԄό྽܌೷ԋӦᑄໜଆǶӢᆵ᡼֤ပܭӦ᎜஥Տ࿼ǴϷ؂೹ 7 Д 8 Дமਗ਼ረ॥᠍ٰǴᏤठଯኴѦᕅౠᑄগပࣗࣁᝄख़Ǵ٬ౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚઇᚯਔ໔ග߻Ǵ Զ೚ӭϦӅ೛ࡼӢԐයཞᚯǴ߾Ѹ໪޸຤Кচҁ೛ۓ׳ӭޑߎᒲٰуаঅံǶ ߈൳ԃǴᆵ᡼ଯኴࡌᑐނදၹࡂសୃଯǴଯኴѦᕅคݤܢᏲԾฅΚઇᚯǴౢ ғεໆౠᑄগပ౜ຝǴᏤठઅ໾Γαϐᖿ༈೴ԃᚹϲǴࣗԿԝΫǴ೭ஒࢂ೭ԛी ฝ܌௖૸ख़ᗺǶ (1)Ҟ߻ीฝख़ᗺΑှ୯Ѧ࣬ᜢೕጄϐुۓǴ௖૸୯Ѧჹܭౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄፦ ቹៜǴϷ࣬ᜢ኱ྗೕጄ಍ӝǴुۓ୯ৎౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ࣬ᜢ૛ਢǶ (2)ࣴวཥࠠౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊǴᙖҗӚ໨၂ᡍٰᡍ᛾Ǵྖ౽၂ᡍǵל܎ௗ๱၂ᡍǵ ԏᕭ၂ᡍϷබ࿼ਔ໔Ǵٰ಄ӝך୯୯ৎౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚϐೕጄ૛ਢǶ

ಃΒ࿯ ཥࠠౠᑄᗹ๱Ꮚ܄፦௖૸

ᆶౠᑄᎎຠ࣬ᜢ׷਑Ԗௗ๱Ꮚǵ༤ᕳᏊᆶౠᑄҁيǴ೭٤׷਑ᆶౠᑄπำྵ ౪ϷӍϯԖஏόёϩϐᜢ߯Ƕ೭ԛीฝǴӃΑှ܌٬ҔӚᅿ׷਑܄፦ᡂϯǴႽН ݝǵёϩණᐋિǵҘ୷ᠼᆢનϷᐘણ⾸Ǵ଺ᙁౣޑ܄፦၂ᡍǴϩ݋Кၨ่݀[11]Ƕ

൘ǵౠᑄ֎Н౗

य़ᑄ֎Н౗ж߄ౠᑄࠔ፦ϐख़ाࡰ኱Ǵ೸ၸӭᅿᜪ᝜ނǴషӝуπࡕǴ࿶ၸ ଯྕᐨᇙǴ٬Ӛᅿ᝜ނޑԋҽख़ཥ่ӝԋќ΋ᅿނ౛੝܄ޑౢࠔǶཥހ CNS9737 ჹय़ᑄ֎Н౗ϐৡ౦܄ǴϩࣁаΠ 4 ᜪǺ

12 ਥᏵύ๮҇୯୯ৎ኱ྗ(CNS)9737 ٩೷֎Н౗ϐ୔ϩ 1.Ia ᜪ(ౠ፦)Ǻ֎Н౗ 0.5%аΠ 2.Ib ᜪ(ౠ፦)Ǻ֎Н౗ຬၸ 0.5%Ǵ3.0%аΠ 3.II ᜪ(ҡ፦)Ǻ֎Н౗ 10.0%аΠ 4.IIIᜪ(ҡ፦)Ǻ֎Н౗ 50.0%аΠ ΋૓ౠᑄϩᜪБԄǺϩձࣁаΠ 4 ᅿ 1.ӦᑄǺ፾Ҕܭ࠻ϣѦӦڳǴځ߄य़ϐלᓸࡋϷऐᑃࡋ໪Ԗ΋ۓा؃Ǵ٠Ъ֎Н ΚϷלԦ܄೿ा፾Ҕܭ੝ۓሡाӦᗺǶ 2.ᏛᑄǺ፾Ҕܭ࠻ϣᕅय़Ǵځ୷ҁນ؃ࣁՅறᗲᢛࡋϷߕ๱ΚǴ٠Ъᖱز፦གޑ և౜Ϸ᏾ᡏޑམଛǴჹ֎Н౗Ϸ߄य़ฯࡋค੝ਸा؃Ƕ 3.ѦᕅᑄǺ፾ҔࡌᑐނѦᕅǴЬाڀԖ֎Н౗եǵङྎుǵל܎ΚமϷלለᡵϐ ૈΚǶ 4.ଭᖻլय़ᑄǺय़ᑈӧ 40 ѳБϦᙶаΠǴЪаλТౠᑄ଺ೕ߾܈όೕ߾ϐᗹຠǶ ଭᖻլᑄҗܭЁκၸλόճܭးጃϷӼးǴࡺሡးጃ߻аय़׷ڰۓǴଭᖻլൂՏ ΋य़׷಍ᆀࣁ΋ωǶ

ມǵᎎຠౠᑄҔϐௗ๱Ꮚ

ౠᑄय़ᑄᆶۭ׷ϐ໔่ӝѸ໪࿶җౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊǴջ٬ౠᑄҁي܄፦ᛙۓǴऩ ௗ๱Ꮚ׷਑٬Ҕό྽Ǵஒ٬ౠᑄౢғᝄख़ӍϯރᄊǶӢԜǴ٩೷ᗹ๱׷਑܌᝶֖ ޑ܄፦ǴႽӼӄ܄ǵࡼπ܄ǵௗ๱மࡋ฻Ǵ೸ၸ၂ᡍ׳ׯҔໆϷҔݤǴٰඓඝ׷ ਑੝܄аϷࠔ፦Ƕ

1.Нݝࣳዀ

٬ҔНݝࣳዀ଺ࣁౠᑄНݝࣳዀ଺ࣁౠᑄᗹ๱׷਑ਔǴჹܭНݝࣳዀ׷਑ϐ ಔԋϷଛКሡᝄ਱௓ᆅǴऩคݙཀځπݤϷਔਏᆅڋǴӧࡼπਔǴܰ೷ԋౠᑄᗹ ๱ό٫Ъᝄख़Ӎϯ[11]Ƕ

2.ᄞԖଯϩηᄞ਑ϐНݝࣳዀ

ѱ୧НݝࣳዀࣁӭϾ܄׷਑Ǵל܎மࡋ১ǵܰᓫ຋ǵٛН܄եǵϷௗ๱Κ১ ฻લᗺǴёуΕଯϩη׷਑Ǵׯ๓Нݝࣳዀࠔ፦ǶதҔనᄊଯϩηسӈ׷਑ӵ߄ 2-1܌ҢǶ ߄ 2-1 నᄊଯϩη׷਑سӈ ϩη׷਑ фૈ(፾Ҕᗺ) ߫ᆀ Ϻฅᐎጤ٢ጤ ࣁߥ࡭ଯڰԋϩ(60-70%)೯தబуԖߎឦ ᡵǶ٬Ҕਔ໪ݙཀፓԿ፾྽ p̄ॶǶឦᕉߥ ࠠǴёуமНݝࣳዀלᓫ຋܄Ϸऐፂᔐ܄Ƕ NR٢ጤ ӝԋᐎጤ٢ጤ ѱय़΢а̊˾̎Ϸ̏˾̎٢ϯᇙԋϐНݝ ѦуᏊനӭǶڀԖуமᗹ๱மࡋǴל܎ம ࡋǴٛЗԏᕭǴబу΋ۓКٯа΢Ǵၲډٛ НфૈǶ NBR٢ጤǴ SBR٢ጤ ዗༟܄ᐋિ٢న ᓸլΚسȐ̉̉˽ȑϷᎉለΌ౎سȐ́̒˽ȑ ࣁനதҔǴନΑቚуᗹ๱மࡋϷלԏᕭ܄ ѦǴ̉̉˽ڀԖቚமऐং܄ϷٛНфૈǶ MMA٢ϯᏊǴ EVA٢ϯᏊ ዗ฯϯ܄ᐋિ٢న ᕉ਼ᐋિ(EPOXY)سჹཥᙑНݝϐམௗம ࡋԖᡉ๱ϐਏ݀Ǵӧ܌ԖНݝѦуᏊύǴቚ уமࡋനࣁᡉ๱ǴନόऐВӀᚼᠴ࠻ჹѦ൑ ӝΠ٬ҔǶ⇌⾺ᐋ⾺ȐphenolicȑǴჹНݝ ࣳዀڀԖלϯᏢ܄፦Ϸלႝ۱܄፦Ƕ EPOXYǴ phenolic (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[11])

3.ѱय़΢த٬ҔϐѦуᏊ

(1)Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન(߫ᆀੇ๼ણ)Ǻ΋૓ӧౠᑄπำύ܌٬ҔѦуᏊᆢҘ୷ᠼᆢન(ੇ ๼ણ)ۚӭǴ೸ၸхးࡰҢǴ٩ྣКٯᆶమНፓᇙԋੇ๼ણዀᡏനࣁதـǶҘ୷ ᠼᆢન(ੇ๼ણ)ᙁᆀҘ୷ᠼᆢનǴࣁ΋ᅿଯᒃН܄ǴܰܭН่ӝϐᗹᅉ܄׷਑Ǵ уΕНݝࣳዀࡕǴҔٰբࣁНݝࣳዀߥН጗ᏉᏊǴЬाҞޑۯߏНݝ߃Ꮙࡼπਔ ໔Ƕՠၸໆ٬ҔǴ߾ઇᚯНݝ܄፦Ϸமࡋ[11]Ƕ

14 (2)ٛНᏊǺࣁΑၲډٛНਏၸԶబуǴதـ٬ҔԖ SBRǵNBRǴᐎጤ٢Ꮚ܈ ED ᓸլΚ٢ϯᏊǴ΋૓బуໆࣁНݝࣳஒᕴᡏ 10%ѰѓǴЪڀԖଯਏૈٛНૈΚǶ (3)ᗹ๱ቚமᏊǺН܄ᕉ਼ᐋિ(Epoxy)ǴН܄ᓸլΚس(ED)٩ྣКٯబуࡕǴૈ ୼Ԗਏቚуࣳዀჹόӕ׷਑ϐᗹ๱ΚǶ (4)לᓫ຋ѦуᏊǺӵ EVA ٢ጤǴED ᓸլΚ٢ጤǴૈ୼फ़եНݝࣳዀӧฯϯਔ ܌ౢғϐ዗ૈǴӕਔ֖ԖᐋિᆶНݝࣳዀϐ໔ޑ IPN ҬᖄфૈǴ٬Нݝࣳዀቚ уᏉᆫΚǵלፂᔐ܄Ϸफ़եԏᕭǶ ܌٬Ҕϐᗹ๱׷਑மࡋᔈ಄ӝϐೕۓ(ୖԵ CNS12611ǵEN12004ǵEN12002 ೕጄ)ୖԵ߄ 2-2 ܌ҢǶ ߄ 2-2 ᗹ๱மࡋೕۓ ϣᕅǵۭ݈ Ѧᕅ ၂ᡍБݤ ा؃ॶ(Դϯ߻ࡕ ኧॶᔈ࣬ӕ) ၂ᡍБݤ ा؃ॶ(Դϯ߻ࡕ ኧॶᔈ࣬ӕ) CNS12611 >58.8 N/cm2 CNS12611 >100 N/cm2 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[11])

㡌ǵౠᑄᅿᜪᆶᎎຠπݤᒧۓ

1.

ౠᑄᒧۓ

ౠᑄຠ๱ܭࡌᑐނѦᕅёߥៈ่ᄬᡏǴЪځ׎ރǵᚑՅǵ׷፦฻Ǵё፟ϒࡌ ᑐނόӕޑ॥ᇮǶӧ೛ीࡌᑐނѦᕅਔǴᔈӃᒧۓౠᑄᅿᜪǴ೛ीޣ໪ӃዴᇡӚ ໨ሡ؃ϷൂሽࡕǴጓӈπำ຤ǶᒧۓౠᑄёԵቾΠӈӢનǺ (1) ೛ीཀۺ(׎ރǵᚑՅǵ׷਑ϐଛӝ) (2) ࡼπᕉნ(ࡼπा؃ǵᄬ೷ݤǵࡼπ೛ഢ) (3) ԋҁӢન (4) ٬Ҕᕉნ(ނ౛ϯᏢᕉნǵௗ᝻ᓎ౗ǵ٬Ҕᐒૈ)

2.ࡼπݤ،ۓ

،ۓࡼπݤӢનԖౠᑄЁࡋǵࡼπଯࡋǵᗹ๱׷਑ǵౠᑄ׷፦ϷङྎǶऩࡼ πБݤᒱᇤ܈ࡼπό྽Ǵ཮೷ԋౠᑄগပ܈ಥᚆǴ྽ѦᕅౠᑄগပਔǴό໻ቹៜ ࡌᑐނѦᢀǴҭёૈཞ্่ᄬᡏऐΦ܄Ǵ܈Їଆ໾্ၡΓ໾ΫǶќѦӵѦᕅ٬Ҕ ε༧ౠᑄǴሡԵቾ٬Ҕڰۓ៓ҹ܈ႣຠπݤǴόӕπݤϷᗹ๱׷਑،ۓΑౠᑄᗹ ๱ޑᛙڰ܄Ƕதـౠᑄࡼπݤӵკ 2-1 ܌ҢǶ კ 2-1 ౠᑄࡼπݤ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[12])

3.Ѧᕅౠᑄᗹຠπݤှ݋

(1)ӛ΢ࣵຠݤǺ

ܭషᏉβۭቫࡼаНݝࣳዀڊ౩Ǵӧౠᑄङय़ܓ΢ፓکࡕНݝࣳዀǴܭΠቫ ଛӝНѳಒጕ΋Т΋Тӛ΢ᓸຠǶऩόዴჴࡼπǴܰౢғқ๮౜ຝǶ

(2)ׯؼԄӛ΢ࣵຠݤǺ

ஒӛ΢ࣵຠݤׯؼϐπݤǴܭۭቫણڇۭቫНݝࣳዀϷύቫНݝࣳዀǶܭౠ ౠᑄᗹຠπݤ Ћπᗹຠݤ ۳΢ࣵຠݤ ׯؼԄ۳΢ࣵຠݤ ᓸຠπݤ ׯؼԄᓸຠπݤ ஏຠπݤ ಔӝౠᑄຠݤ ׯؼԄଭᖻլᗹຠݤ Ⴃຠπݤ ኳ݈Ⴃຠπݤ QDހႣຠπݤ

16 ᑄङय़༡ܓᗹ๱НݝࣳዀǴࠆࡋࣁ˞cm аΠǴவΠቫ΋Т΋ТᓸຠǴ٬ౠᑄङ य़Нݝࣳዀᅖрޑำࡋ຾ՉຠӝǶܭౠᑄङय़༡ܓНݝࣳዀǴᅰໆόౢғޜሜǴ Ϸ༡ܓֹԋНݝࣳዀᔈܭ 5 min ϣᗹຠֹԋǴόёᚼᠴǶ (

3)ᓸຠπݤǺ

ܭۭቫ຾ՉۭቫણڇϷύቫણڇǴѳྖણڇНݝࣳዀ߄य़Ǵӧ΢Б༡ܓ 2m2 ࠆࡋ 7-5mm ຠҔНݝࣳዀǴ٬ౠᑄङદБӛНݝࣳዀᅖрǴவ΢ቫаЕᄵᄟᔐǴ ٬ౠᑄङय़ֹӄຠӝǶຠӝබ࿼ਔ໔ࣁᜢᗖǶ

(4)ׯؼԄᓸຠπݤǺ

ஒᓸຠπݤׯؼǴ΋ኬܭۭቫ຾ՉۭቫણڇϷύቫણڇНݝࣳዀǶᗹຠНݝ ࣳዀऊણڇ 3-10mmǴܭౠᑄङय़ણڇ 3mm ᗹຠНݝࣳዀǴ٬Нݝࣳዀܭౠᑄ ڬൎᅖрǶҗ΢ቫԿΠቫᓸຠǴӢԜπݤӭҔܭѦᕅࡼπЪᗹຠӼӄǴӢԜ೏ቶ ݱޑ٬ҔǶ

(5)ஏຠπݤǺ

ܭۭቫણڇۭቫϷύቫНݝࣳዀࡕǴ΢Бऊણڇ 5-8mm ᗹຠНݝࣳዀǶҗ ΢ቫ໒ۈᗹຠౠᑄǴ٬Ҕ᎜୏ᐒܭౠᑄ߄य़ࡼуΚໆǴ٬Нݝࣳዀ೬ϯǶౠᑄڬ ൎྈрНݝࣳዀǴ໪ᅈрௗᕳ୔ୱǴճҔϭᕳኳηᓸຠǴԜπݤᗹ๱ΚཱུଯǶ

(6)ׯؼԄଭᖻլᗹຠπݤ(KM πݤ)

ܭۭቫણڇۭቫϷύቫНݝࣳዀࡕǴӢଭᖻլౠᑄЁκၨλǴҗຠરಔӝБ ԄٰᗹຠǶࣁΑளډၨӳᗹ๱ΚǴҗຠરಔӝङय़ᙟᇂ΢ௗᕳ೽ϩࢰϾᆛ݈Ǵ༡ ܓᗹ๱НݝࣳዀǴ٬ҔЕᇙπڀҗ΢۳ΠܡѺǴ٬ځஏӝǶᢀჸНݝࣳዀᗹ๱ࡕ Ꮙ่ਏ݀Ǵ٬ҔНరᔸኚ௞ຠર೽ϩǶ

(7)ኳ݈Ⴃຠπݤ

ӧѦኳ݈ϣ٬Ҕᐎጤ᠎პ܈ӝ݈᠎პբࣁ᠎პۭ݈Ǵ٠ႣশڰۓႬచǴ٬ౠ ᑄᛙۓႣຠӧѦኳ݈΢Ǵ٠዆࿼షᏉβֹܨኳࡕǴ٬ౠᑄߕ๱ܭషᏉβ߄य़΋ԛ ԋࠠǶ

(8)PC

݈Ⴃຠπݤ

ӧᇙ೷ PC Ⴃ᠗݈ਔǴӧᒳኳ΢Ӄஒౠᑄ௨ӈֹࡕ዆࿼షᏉβǴၲډೕۓம ࡋࡕ຾ՉܨኳǴջֹԋౠᑄႣຠݤǶځπݤԖаΠٿᅿǺ ΋ǵౠᑄኳ঺ݤǺǺ ЬाࢂҔܭଭᖻլౠᑄϷΒ΍௠аΠޑౠᑄǴаર܈ᐋિᇙբԋኳ঺Ǵ঺ܭ ౠᑄࡕ௨ӈǶаጤ஥܈ௗ๱ᏊڰۓࡕǴ዆࿼షᏉβǴډೕۓமࡋࡕ຾ՉܨኳǴջ ֹԋౠᑄႣຠݤǶ ΒǵౠᑄൂᡏݤǺ ӧኳ݈΢Б٬ҔЕᇙǵᐎጤᇙ܈วݰ༟ጤᇙϭᕳᓸచۓՏࡕǴӆஒౠᑄ΋༧ ΋༧ᘍۓࡕω዆࿼షᏉβޑБԄǶԜπݤЬाҔܭλαᑄа΢ελǶ

စǵቹៜѦᕅౠᑄগပޑচӢᆶౠᑄӍϯ

ҁൂՏᇆ໣୯ѦቹៜѦᕅౠᑄগပޑচӢ྽ύǴଞჹВҁǵཥу࣒ǵᐞࢪϷ ३ෝ೽ϩ଺΋༼᏾ӵΠǺ ВҁჹѦᕅౠᑄکᗹӝᏊ຾ՉΑεໆࣴزǴځύ΋٤ࣴزߚதӄय़ǴਥᏵ EN 1348 کEN 12004 ኱ྗǴෳ၂10ᅿНݝᗹӝᏊӧଳᔿǵዊᔸǵݹ዗ک่Ӈᑼ ϯచҹΠޑᗹӝமࡋǶ೭٤ࣴزว౜Ǵ֖εໆΒ਼ϯޖSiO2Ȑ80–95%ȑکϿໆ ᅹለ້CaCO3Ȑ0.5-3.4%ȑޑᗹӝᏊኬҁڀԖനε܎Κமࡋ[13][14][15]Ƕ ВҁჹᕅᑄগပޑࣴزǴ๱ख़షᏉβ୷ۭکᗹӝࣳዀϐ໔ޑ߄य़܌܍ڙޑ዗ ᔈΚǴВҁѦᕅౠᑄ่ᄬগပεӭҗԜচӢ೷ԋǶҗMahaboonpachaiکMatsumoto ஥ሦޑځύ΋ঁЬाࣴزი໗ࡰрǴҗܭӚᅿচ׷਑዗ᑩ๞ޑำࡋόӕԶౢғޑ ୊ᔈΚǴࢂઇᚯѦᕅౠᑄ่ᄬޑЬाӢનϐ΋[16]Ƕ RumbayanȐ2006ȑჹᕅᑄ่ᄬύޑྕࡋϩթ৖໒Α၁ಒޑࣴزǶࣴزว౜Ǵ

18 ྽ᕅᑄ߄य़ྕࡋၲډ50ʚਔǴషᏉβቫکᕅᑄቫޑനεྕৡऊࣁ12ʚǴᇡࣁ೭ኬ ޑᕉნᏤठᗹӝࣳዀၲډ2.6 MPaޑ୊ᔈΚǴԶ೭҅ࢂઇᚯᕅᑄऐҔ܄ޑЬाӢ નϐ΋[17]Ƕ Mahaboonpachai฻ΓȐ2008ȑම໒৖΋໨ჴᡍ࠻ೕኳޑу዗ჴᡍǴԑӧኳᔕ ჴሞѦᕅᑄ่ᄬڙډϼ໚ྣ৔Ǵаࣴزӧ዗಻ၩచҹΠǴషᏉβکᆫӝނНݝࣳ ዀȐPCMȑϐ໔ޑᚆቫগပ௃ݩǶ೭٤ࣴزว౜Ǵ྽ᕅᑄ߄य़ྕࡋၲډ100ʚਔǴ షᏉβکPCMϐ໔ޑϟय़຋ᕳߏࡋᘉණډ߈3 డԯǶ྽ᕅᑄ߄य़ྕࡋၲډ105ʚ 120ʚଯྕࡋਔǴёـ຋ᕳݮϟय़຾΋؁ᘉණǶჴᡍ่݀߄ܴǴӚᅿ׷਑ޑ዗ᑩ ๞ำࡋόӕǴࢂઇᚯѦᕅౠᑄ่ᄬޑЬाӢનϐ΋[16]Ƕ ന߈ǴMahboonpachai฻ΓȐ2010ȑ຾΋؁ᘐۓǴҗ຋ᕳᘉණЇวޑϟय़গ ပ௃ݩǴԖఈ೸ၸϟय़গပ໧܄ှ،ȐԶߚᗹӝமࡋȑǶдॺӧϟय़গပΚᏢচ ౛ޑ୷ᘵ΢Ǵ຾ՉΑѤᗺ៻Ԕ၂ᡍ[18]Ƕ MichaelChew ςว߄നϿ4 ጇԖᜢѦᕅౠᑄޑፕЎ܈஑๱ക࿯Ǵϩձࢂ ChewȐ1992ǵ1999aǵ1999bȑکChew ฻ΓȐ1998ȑǶ೯ၸჴᡍ࠻ࣴزǴдॺ ว౜ᗹӝᏊӧࡼπၸำύǴᗹӝமࡋ཮ڙډྕࡋቹៜǹՠӧᗹӝᏊబуᆫӝނǴ ёᡉ๱ගଯځᗹӝமࡋȐ྽ᓯӸܭଯྕӵ60ʚਔǴගଯ28%ډ46%ό฻ȑ[19ǵ20]Ƕ ChewȐ1999aȑ׳੝ձ໒৖Αӄय़ޑჴᡍǴຑ՗ྕࡋჹѤᅿᗹӝᏊமࡋޑቹ ៜǺȐ1ȑᗹӝᏊAǺНݝǺࣳǺН=1:4:0.8ǴȐ2ȑᗹӝᏊBǺᆶA ࣬ӕǴ50%ޑ НҔᆫӝނжඹǴҔբబуᏊȐ3ȑᗹӝᏊCǺНݝǺࣳǺН=1:3:0.4ǹȐ4ȑᗹӝ ᏊDǺᆶC ࣬ӕǴ100%ޑНҔᆫӝނжඹǴҔբబуᏊǶ่݀ᡉҢᗹӝᏊB ޑ ୊ᔈΚၨᗹӝᏊA ଯр10%ǶబуᆫӝނޑቚமբҔளډޭۓǶՠࢂǴᗹӝᏊD ޑ୊ᔈΚКᗹӝᏊC ե8%Ǵᆶ΢ॊ่݀࣬ҟ࣯Ƕࣴزύϩ݋ǴӢၸໆ٬Ҕᆫӝ ނ཮ᏤठᗹӝᏊଳᔿၸזǴԶ೷ԋமࡋफ़եǶ ࣴزᗋว౜คፕᗹӝᏊࢂց٬ҔᆫӝނբࣁబуᏊǴ྽ӧଯྕȐ40ʚȑکե ྕȐ10ʚȑᕉნΠ٬ҔਔǴᗹӝமࡋ೿཮फ़եȐफ़ե10%ډ47%ό฻ȑǶ၀ࣴز ௢ᘐǴςႣ዗߄य़཮ևଳᔿ٠זೲ֎ԏᗹӝᏊޑНϩǴߔᛖΑНӝբҔǶനಖǴ

ࣴزว౜ଯྕکዊᔸჹᗹӝᏊமࡋቹៜߚதϐεǶ዗Κൻᕉ཮Ꮴठ܎ಥமࡋΠफ़ 18%ډ21%ǴԶуᔸൻᕉ߾཮Ꮴठ܎ಥமࡋΠफ़6%ډ37%[21]Ƕ ChewȐ1999bȑӧΠय़ЇҔΑOhama ฻ΓޑȐ1986ȑྕࡋჹᗹӝᏊமࡋޑ ቹៜ౛ፕǺȨНݝޑНӝၸำύ཮ܜѐНϩȐҗܭၨଯᓯӸྕࡋԶуೲȑǴНݝ Нӝނ΢ޑᆙஏᆫӝނᗭಈ཮׎ԋೱុޑᖓጢǴᖓጢᆶНݝНӝނషӝࡕ׎ԋ΋ ঁ᏾ᡏᆛၡǴᆫӝނ࣬ᆶНݝНӝ࣬ӧځύ࣬ϕҬᒱ[22]Ƕȩ ཥуڵޑࣴزҗGuan ฻ΓȐ1997aǴ1997bȑ຾ՉǴ೭ٿ໨ࣴزΨԖᜢྕࡋ ޑቹៜǶGuan ฻ΓȐ1997aȑޑࣴزࡰрǴଯྕ཮уೲᗹӝᏊύᆫӝ׷਑ޑ዗ फ़ှǴ྽ྕࡋቚу10ʚǴ൩ࡐёૈ཮٬ΚᏢϸᔈೲ౗ගϲ΋७[23]ǶGuan ฻Γ Ȑ1997bȑᇡࣁǴफ़ߘ஥ٰޑזೲհࠅਏ݀཮ౢғ዗ፂᔐǴӧᕅᑄѳय़΢ౢғࡐ ଯޑࠟޔ҅ӛᔈΚǶ೭཮όճܭጤᗹਏ݀ǴᏤठр౜຋ᕳکᚆቫগပǶᔸࡋޑᡂ ϯӕኬ཮ჹᕅᑄౢғቹៜ[24]ǶځдӚ୯ଞჹѦᕅౠᑄগပচӢޑ௖૸༼᏾ӵΠ ߄2-3Ƕ ѦᕅౠᑄதـӍϯ౜ຝ;ੌଆǵᓫ຋ǵֽ೽ઇཞǵқ๮ǴᠢԦǴΠკ 3.3!ౠ ᑄதـগပޑᜪࠠǶ! 2/ ੌଆ.ࣁНݝࣳዀǵషᏉβ᙮ᡏ฻౦ᅿ׷਑໔ௗ๱ࣚय़ౢғޑ໔ሜǴڙډଳ ྒྷǵྕࡋᡂϯ฻ϸᙟբҔϐᔈΚܭௗ๱߄य़Ǵቹៜௗ๱மࡋǴ຾ԶϩᚆǶ! 3/ ᓫ຋.ӢᔈΚԶ़ғ᙮ᡏޑᡂ୏ϷѺۭНݝࣳዀޑᡂ୏ਔǴ܌೷ԋޑᓫ຋Ǵ ཮೷ԋౠᑄᆶௗᕳ߄य़ޑപ຋Ǵ׎ԋౠᑄಥပޑচӢǶ! 4/ қ๮.ౠᑄ߄य़܈ௗᕳೀǴНݝણڇ߄य़ౢғқՅ݋рނਔǴ߄Ңౠᑄ܈Н ݝࡕБёૈςౢғޜሜԶЪԖНᅖΕǴΨ൩ࢂᇥԖёૈς࿶วғੌଆޑ౜ ຝǶ! 5/ ֽ೽ઇᚯ.தـܭ໒α໛೽ǵᓫ຋೽ՏǴόӕਔ໔ϐషᏉβ዆࿼ϟय़ǴЀځ ࣁѦᕅౠᑄ௦Ҕుྎᕳπݤਔ໪੝ձ੮ཀǶ! 6/ ᠢԦ.ሡղᘐࢂߕ๱ܭ߄य़ޑᠢԦǴ܈ࢂӢౠᑄ܈Нݝࡕय़ԖНᅖΕԶ೷

20 ! ! ! ! ! ! კ 2-2 ౠᑄগပޑᜪࠠ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[25]) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (3) (2) (1) 2/ ۭቫНݝࣳዀᆶషᏉ β᙮ᡏ໔ޑࣚय़গᚆ! 3/ ຠߕҔޑНݝࣳዀᆶ ۭቫНݝࣳዀ໔ޑࣚ य़গᚆ! 4/ ౠᑄᆶຠߕҔНݝࣳ ዀ໔ޑࣚय़গᚆ! షᏉβ! _Ѧᕅౠᑄ! ຠߕҔНݝ! ۭቫНݝ!

߄ 2-3 Ӛ୯ଞჹѦᕅౠᑄগပচӢޑ௖૸༼᏾ Ѧᕅౠᑄগပ ޑচӢ ᐞࢪ ३ෝ ཥуڵ म୯ షᏉβ୷ۭগ ပǴٯӵᒳโ 㚉ᇑǵᡵޖϸ ᔈȐASRȑ฻ Їଆগပന தـޑচ ӢǴЀځჹܭ ᎞ੇޑ໚ ᆵǴෛϯނЇ ଆᒳโᆭ ᇑǵషᏉβᙟ ᇂόкϩک ҂ගٮٛН ೀ౛ޑӦ БǶ҂ගϷᡵ ޖϸᔈASRȑ ܈షᏉβൾ ϯǶ షᏉβগပӭ ࢂӢషᏉβᙟ ᇂόкϩԶЇ ଆᅹለϯǴԶ ၨϿӢෛᚆη ᆭᇑǶᡵޖϸ ᔈȐASRȑё Їଆୢᚒՠ҂ ـቹៜѦᕅౠ ᑄ܈ץᕏޑൔ ၰǶ ᒳโ㚉ᇑᆶష Ꮙβᡵޖϸᔈ ȐASRȑൾϯ ೿ࢂᏤठౠᑄ ಥℚޑচӢǶ চӢќѦᗋԖ ೛ीπΓמೌ ܈ޣ׷਑ᒧ ᏷Ƕ షᏉβ୷ۭൾ ϯࢂᏤठౠᑄ ಥℚޑচӢǶ ᘜ่ܭπΓמ ೌ܈೛ी΢ޑ ୢᚒǶፏӵᡵ ޖϸᔈȐASRȑ ޑషᏉβൾϯ ҂Ԗ૶ᒵǶ షᏉβპቫޑ ಥℚ җܭπΓ୻ ૽ک٬ Ҕό྽׷਑ کБݤЇ ଆǴϿـ٠Ъ ڀԖֽज़܄Ƕ Їଆౠᑄগပ ޑதـচӢӧ ܭპቫ߄य़ᇙ ഢόؼǵᗹጤ ᏊቚமБݤ٬ Ҕό྽Ǵٯӵ ӧᗹӝቫ܈ಉ ༡ۭǴ߄य़ᔸ ϯόى܈ץᕏ ό፾ӝǶќ ѦǴલЮ౽୏ ޜ໔ΨࢂᏤठ গပޑচӢǶ Їଆౠᑄগပ ޑЬाচӢӧ ܭ୷ۭ߄य़ޑ ᇙഢόкϩǵ ᗹӝᏊ٬Ҕό ྽Ǵٯӵӧᗹ ӝቫ܈ಉ༡ ۭǴ߄य़ᔸϯ όىό፾ӝа ϷલЮ౽୏ޜ ໔Ƕ ᆶځдወӧচ Ӣ٩ኬૈᏤठ ౠᑄগပǶ ౠᑄᆶځۭ೽ ޑগ ပ ΋ᅿֽ೽܄ Ϸ໻ёૈҗ ܭπΓמೌ όӕ܈લЮ ౽୏ޜ໔Զ ЇଆޑલഐǶ Їଆগပޑத ـচӢǴ੝ձ ཮Ӣ࣒ዟર ҜҡکНݝპ ቫౢғբҔԶ ЇԿᑩ๞ᆶಥ ℚǶ٬Ҕό྽ ޑპቫ׷਑Ψ ᆶ३ෝ௃ݩᜪ ՟Ǵӕ ኬࢂЇଆগပ ޑதـচӢǶ ዗ΚፂᔐΨ೏ ᇡࣁࢂёૈЇ ଆগပޑচӢ ϐ΋Ƕౠᑄ߄ গပޑচӢᆶ ३ෝᜪ՟Ǵќ հএᑼϯࢲ୏ Ψ཮೷ԋ၀౜ ຝǶ

22 ཮ౢғԜᜪୢ ᚒǴӵᔈ྽٬ ҔᗹӝᏊਔע ݝԪۭ೽ᆶၸ ۭᑄӅӕ٬ ҔǶ य़ྕࡋёଯၲ 70oCǴԶᡯफ़ εߘ཮Їଆྕ ࡋᡯफ़Ǵߘଶ ࡕΞ཮ِೲख़ ཥϲྕǶ ౠᑄগပ ٠ߚதـচ ӢǶ җܭౠᑄᇙ೷ ୢᚒ܈ࢂό፾ ྽ޑኪ៛ᕉ ნǴႂय़཮গ ပ܈வౠᑄ୷ ۭগပǶౠᑄ ᆶᗹ่ۭբҔ ቹៜǴ೷ԋ࣒ ዟરҜҡൾ ϯǶ ӕ३ෝǶ ౠᑄલഐ٠ߚ ࣁதـগပচ ӢǶ ՜ᕭᕳௗՏ ٠ߚதـগ ပচӢǶ ੝ձࢂӧؒԖ ගٮ՜ᕭᕳޑ ௃ݩΠȐԖё ૈࢂ೛ीৣ׆ ఈᗉխௗՏ஥ ٰޑຎ᝺ቹ ៜȑ՜ᕭᕳؒ Ԗऀၸ᏾ঁᑄ ۭቫکץᕏࠆ ࡋǴ܈Տ࿼ό ҅ዴǶᒿ๱ਔ ໔ၸѐǴҁᔈ ೏ඹඤޑஏ࠾ ਑р౜ൾϯǴ வԶᏤठௗՏ গပǶ ӕ३ෝǶ ӕ३ෝǶ ೛ीόִ๓ ᒳโޑᙟᇂ ᆶߥៈྗഢ όىǴӵલϿ ٛН௛ࡼᏤ ठᒳโ㚉ᇑ کౠᑄץᕏ ҂ࡪा؃҅ዴ ೛ीр՜ᕭௗ ՏǶ҂Ԗ၁ಒ ࡰۓӝ፾Ъ࣬ ৒ޑ׷਑Ƕ ࡌᑐ΢ޑಒ࿯ ܌஥ٰޑୢ ᚒǴ೭ᆶ३ෝ ᜪ՟Ƕ ፏӵ׷਑ᒧ ᏷ǵಒ࿯೛ ीǵ፿ߘ݈ޑ ٬Ҕ฻ᆶ೛ी ࣬ᜢޑୢᚒϝ ฅ཮Їଆલ

গပǶ ഐǶ ᔠෳ җ཰Ь܈ચ ၛΓԾᜫಔ ᙃᔠෳǵࢗפ ୢᚒ٠܍ᏼ ࣬ᔈ຤ҔǶ ΋૓җ཰Ьہ ঩཮܈εኴᆅ ౛ޣԾᜫڐፓ ಔᙃᔠࢗǴа অൺલഐǶӧ ВΦѨঅ܈ว ౜Ⴚࡌނޑ௃ ݩΠǴࡂӹ࿿ ёวрᔠࢗࡰ зǶ Ծᜫ୷ᘵ΢ा ؃཰Ր຾Չ؂ ႖Μԃ΋ԛޑ ࡌᑐᔠෳǶ ҂ڋۓமڋᔠ ࢗ܈ߥᎦा ؃ǶҺՖᔠࢗ ೿рܭεኴ཰ Ь܈ՐЊޑԾ ᜫՉࣁǶ ᆢៈߥᎦᆶঅ ൺ অൺౠᑄ܈ ץᕏᚆቫগ ပ೯தวғ ӧֽ೽গပǶ ததࢂঅ౛ਔ ωགྷډߥᎦǶ অൺ௦ҔϪନ ᆶඹඤǵᆶ୷ ۭᗹӝޑБ ݤǶ׳ֹ᏾ޑ অൺ܈ᙌঅх ࡴ༡ቫǵᙟᇂ аϷ᏾ᡏ౽ ନǶ ߥᎦ΢ᆶ३ෝ ᜪ՟Ǵ ೯தѝࢂమ౛ ౠᑄǵ ڀᡏগပวғ ϐࡕ຾Չঅ ൺǶ ᆶ३ෝǵཥу ڵ௃ݩ ᜪ՟Ƕץᕏس ಍೯த ௦Ҕকନک׳ ඤޑБݤ຾Չ অံǶ֖Ԗౠ ᑄޑ཮௦Ҕ׳ ඤౠᑄǵ੿ޜ ᇶշϯᏢᐋિ ᛙۓᛙۓکѦ ኦޑБݤǶ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[25])

24

Ҵǵౠᑄᗹ๱܄ૈບᘐБݤ

ҁൂՏ༼᏾Ӛᅿᗹ๱܄ૈບᘐБݤӵΠ߄2-4Ǻ! ߄ 2-4 ᗹ๱܄ૈບᘐБݤ ບ ᘐ Б ݤ! চ౛! ᓬᗺ! લᗺ! ຏ! Ѻ ບ ݤ! ճҔѺບ෇฻ πڀᄟᔐᕅǴ٩ Ᏽᖂॣޑৡ౦ ղձᕅय़ޑ଼ ӄ೽Ϸੌଆ೽Ƕ! Ӣࣁёа ߈ຯᚆჴ ࡼǴڰё ӕਔዴᇡ ੌଆаѦ ޑཞ໾ރ ݩǶ! ཮Ӣᔠࢗޣዕግࡋޑ ৡ౦ԶᏤठᔠෳ่݀ όӕǶ! ߏਔ໔բ཰཮ቹៜղ ᘐૈΚǴሡ೛࿼Ҷ৲ ਔ໔Ƕ! ሡᚐѦམ೛ᡳࢎ฻୏ ೛ࡼǴࡺ໪ᔠ૸Ӽӄ ܄Ϸ࿶ᔮ܄Ƕ! 2/ёᆶआѦጕး࿼ݤ ٠ҔǶ! 3/લഐՏ࿼ޑЁκऩ ࣁ 50mmx50mm ޑ ၉Ǵคݤ٬ҔѺບݤ ᔠෳǶ! आ Ѧ ጕ း ࿼ ݤ! ճҔౠᑄǵНݝ ੌଆ೽ᆶ଼ӄ ೽ϐ዗໺Ꮴޑ όӕǴ೸ၸໆෳ ྕࡋৡٰፓࢗ Ԗคগᚆ౜ຝ ޑวғǶ! ёᇻᆄᏹ բǴЪૈ ඓඝཷࡴ ܄ޑౠᑄ ੌଆጄ ൎǶ! ཮ڙۑ࿯ǵϺংǵਔ ໔ǵ਻ྕ܈ࡌނհཪ ਻ᐒว዗ቹៜǶ! 2/ёᆶѺບݤ٠ҔǶ 3/લഐࠆࡋຫᖓຫᜤ ᔠෳрٰǴऩλܭ 2nn ৒ܰගଯᒱѨલഐޑ ᐒ౗Ƕ! 4/ౠᑄςԖᑩ๞܈গ ပ౜ຝࠅکڬᜐޑܿ Ջ୼ஏϪௗӝޑ၉Ǵ ൳Яคݤ٬ҔआѦጕ း࿼Ꮃ୊ߦрٰǶ! ຬ ॣ ݢ ݤ! ᙖҗຬॣݢ௖ ໾Ꮤޑচ౛Ǵҗ วߞ௖᝻ηᆶ ڙߞ௖᝻η໔ ڰۓޑ໺ኞຯ ᚆаໆෳ໺ኞ ਔ໔Ǵ٩Ᏽਔ໔ ޑৡ౦ղᘐѦ ᕅ౜ݩǶ! ! ٬Ҕᡳࢎ฻ᇶշπڀ ຾ՉຬॣݢፓࢗਔǴ ౠᑄᆶ௖᝻ηϐ໔Ѹ ໪ߥ࡭ஏௗރᄊǴࣁ ໆෳ҅ዴޑ໺ኞਔ໔ ҭ໪ځдᇶշ௖໾Ꮤ ޑᇶշπڀǴӢԜҞ ߻٠҂٬ҔܭჴሞѦ ᕅෳໆǶ! ςԖ໒วраຬॣݢ ௖໾চ౛ޑᐒᏔΓԄ ບᘐᏔǶ! (ၗ਑ٰྍǺୖԵਜҞ[25])

ಃΟക ၂ᡍीฝ

ಃ΋࿯ ߻ق

ҁीฝϐ၂ᡍ໨Ҟࣁٿε೽ϩǺಃ΋೽ࣁНݝԪዀ၂ኬ၂ᡍǴ௖૸ᗹࡋ၂ᡍǵ ࢬࡋ၂ᡍϷߥН၂ᡍǴΑှ׷਑྽ύҘ୷ᠼᆢનϷᐘણ⾸ჹ၂ኬϐቹៜǶ೸ၸН ݝԪዀ၂ᡍ่݀Ǵ଺ࣁНݝࣳዀ܄፦೽ϩୖԵǶಃΒ೽ҽࣁНݝࣳዀ܄ૈ௖૸Ǵ ϩձ຾Չל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǵྖ౽၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ໔၂ᡍϷԏᕭ၂ᡍǴᒧрന٫ଛ ӝКٯǴ಄ӝҁԛीฝϐा؃Ƕ

൘ǵНݝԪዀ

НݝԪዀ၂ᡍ٬Ҕ  ࠠΝ੝ើНݝǵҘ୷ᠼᆢન(ੇ๼ણ)Ϸόӕᅿᜪᐘણ⾸Ǵ ӧڰۓНጤКރݩΠǴ຾Չᗹࡋ၂ᡍǵࢬࡋ၂ᡍϷߥН၂ᡍǶෳځ܄፦ࡕǴΑှ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢનϷᐘણ⾸ჹНݝԪዀቹៜǴբࣁНݝࣳዀୖԵ܄፦Ƕ

1.НݝԪዀ၂ᡍ׷਑

(1)Нݝ ҁࣴز٬ҔϐНݝࣁ٥ࢪНݝϦљ܌ғౢϐ I ࠠΝ੝ើНݝǶځϯᏢԋϩϷ ނ౛܄፦ӵ߄ 3-1-3-2Ǻ

26 ߄ 3-1 НݝϯᏢԋϩ ᔠᡍ໨Ҟ ᔠᡍ่݀ Бݤ٩Ᏽ Β਼ϯޖ(SiO2) (%) ਼ϯ᎑(Al2O3) (%) ਼ϯ៓(Fe2O3) (%) ෛϯ້(CaO) (%) ෛϯᗔ(MgO) (%) Ο਼ϯ౷(SO3) (%) ᐨѨໆ(ignition loss) (%) Β਼ϯ⑲(TiO2) (%) ϖ਼ϯΒᕗ(P2O5) (%) όᅙූ෦(insoluble residue) (%) ෞᚆ਼ϯ້(free calcium oxide) (%)

20.0 4.4 3.2 63.2 3.6 2.4 2.3 0.55 0.11 0.57 1.1 ASTM C114 బуނ ҡԪҡ limestone (%) Нేଯ᝗᝗෦ COBS (%) ०Ԫ Fly ash (%) 3.7 ҂బу ҂బу CNS12459 ᝜ނ࣬ಔԋ ޖለΟ້ C3S (%) ޖለΒ້ C2S (%) ᎑ለΟ້ C3A (%) ᎑៓ለѤ້ C4AF (%) 5 9 12 69 ୖԵ CNS61 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

߄ 3-2 ނ౛܄፦

ᔠᡍ໨Ҟ ᔠᡍ่݀ Бݤ٩Ᏽ

ୗ਑ϐޜ਻֖ໆ (volume %)

(Air Content of mortar) 7.1 CNS787

ಒࡋǴК߄य़ᑈ਻೸ሺݤ (m2/kg) (Blaine Fineness) 364 CNS2924 ዗ᓸᑩ๞(Autoclave) (%) 0.09 CNS1258 לᓸமࡋ(Compressive strength) 3Ϻ (3 days) (Mpa) 7Ϻ (7 days) (Mpa) 28Ϻ(28 days) (Mpa) 24.1 31.1 41.2 CNS1010 ຤໒МᏉ่ਔ໔Time of setting,Vicat

߃Ꮙ(lnital set) (minutes)

ಖᏉ(Final set) (minutes)

123 215 CNS786 ҅த࿨ࡋ(Nomal Consistency) (%) 25.5 CNS3590 ஏࡋ(Density) (g/cm3) 3.16 CNS11272 ຏ ό፾Ҕ(Not applicable) (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) (2)Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન(300HYP4) ༾ໆޑҘ୷ᠼᆢનྋှܭНࡕǴ཮ε൯ගଯНྋనᗹࡋǶЬाфૈࣁߥНǴ ٬ௗ๱Ꮚޑ܏ӝᏊޑ܏ӝНόܰ೏୷׷֎ԏ܈ᇃวǴ٬ࡼπय़ᑈளауε٠ගଯ ࡼ π ਏ ౗ Ƕ ҁ ࣴ ز ܌ ٬ Ҕ ϐ Ҙ ୷ ᠼ ᆢ ન ࣁ MHEC(Methyl Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose)Ƕ (3)ᐘણ⾸ ᐘણޑ⾸ϯբҔගଯΑℚࡋᛙۓ܄ǴЪӧமᡵ܄చҹΠ⾸ᗖόܰวғНှǴ ӢԜǴ⾸ϯᐘણӧ೚ӭπ཰ሦୱύளаᔈҔǶ♐Ҙ୷ᐘણ(CMS)ࢂ഍ᚆηࠠޑϺ ฅౢނޑᡂ܄ᡏǴࢂૈྋܭНޑϺฅଯϩηᆫႝှ፦⾸Ƕ CMS ρቶݱᔈҔܭ१ ࠔǵᙴᛰǵҡݨǵВҔϯπǵતᙃаϷ೷રکௗ๱ᏊᏊǵ༡਑π཰Ƕҁࣴز٬Ҕ ϐᐘણ⾸ࣁ 4 ᅿᐘણǴ٩ಔԋԋϩϷ᜘่ߏࡋޑόӕǴжဦϩձࣁ BǵCǵD Ϸ EǶ

28

2.НݝԪዀ܄፦၂ᡍᡂኧ

ҁࣴز၂ᡍीฝಃ΋೽ϩНݝԪዀ܄፦၂ᡍᡂኧӵΠ߄ 3-3Ƕ ߄ 3-3 НݝԪዀ၂ᡍᐘણ⾸0Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન(wt.%) ᐘણ⾸ᜪձ ᐘણ⾸0Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન(wt.%) Aᜪᐘણ⾸ 5ǵ10ǵ15ǵ20 Bᜪᐘણ⾸ 5ǵ10ǵ15ǵ20 Cᜪᐘણ⾸ 5ǵ10ǵ15ǵ20 Dᜪᐘણ⾸ 5ǵ10ǵ15ǵ20 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ҁࣴزӧڰۓНጤКࣁ 0.4Ǵҁ၂ኬጓဦϐБԄǴಃ΋ዸࣁҘ୷ᠼᆢન(1/9&*ǵ ಃΒዸж߄ᐘણ⾸ᜪձǴಃΟዸж߄ᐘણ⾸0Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન(wt.%)Ƕ

3.НݝԪዀଛК

ҁ၂ᡍୖԵ߻ΓଛКࡕǴӧڰۓНጤК௃ݩΠǴჹНໆКуΕ 0.8%Ҙ୷ᠼ ᆢનǴӧаҘ୷ᠼᆢનᕴໆϩձѦу 5%ǵ10%ǵ15%Ϸ 20%ᐘણ⾸Ƕෳځ၂ᡍ ଛКӵΠ߄ 3-4-3-11Ǻ ߄ 3-4 НݝԪዀᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-A ᜪ (g) НጤК Нݝ Нໆ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Aᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.2772 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.5544 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.8316 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 1.1088 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

߄ 3-5 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥН၂ኬଛК-A ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Нໆ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Aᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.1386 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.2772 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.4158 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.5544 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 3-6 НݝԪዀ၂ኬᗹࡋଛК-B ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Нໆ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Bᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.2772 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.5544 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.8316 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 1.1088 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 3-7 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥН၂ኬଛК-B ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Нໆ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Bᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.1386 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.2772 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.4158 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.5544 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

30 ߄ 3-8 НݝԪዀᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-C ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Н Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Cᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.2772 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.5544 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.8316 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 1.1088 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 3-9 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥН၂ኬଛК-C ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Н Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Cᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.1386 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.2772 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.4158 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.5544 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 3-10 НݝԪዀᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-D ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Н Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Dᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.2772 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.5544 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 0.8316 0.4 1732.5 693 5.544 1.1088 ߄ 3-11 НݝԪዀࢬࡋߥНᗹࡋ၂ኬଛК-D ᜪ(g) НጤК Нݝ Н Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન Dᜪᐘણ⾸ 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.1386 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.2772 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.4158 0.4 866.25 346.5 2.772 0.5544 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

4ǵНݝԪዀ၂ᡍБݤᆶሺᏔ

(1)ᗹࡋ၂ᡍ ӃஒҘ୷ᠼᆢનᆶᐘણ⾸ଳ܏ࡕǴ٩ྣКٯуΕНύǴϷ؂ 20min ѐуаᠳ ܏Ǵ೸ၸკ 3-1 ௽ᙯଞԄᗹࡋሺٰෳۓᗹࡋॶǴϩձෳ 20minǵ1hrǵ3hr аϷ 24hr ᗹࡋॶǶ კ 3-1 ௽ᙯଞԄᗹࡋሺ(ࠠဦ BROOKFIRLD) (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) (2)ࢬࡋ၂ᡍ ٩ྣ CNS1010 ೕጄٰໆෳǴӃஒҘ୷ᠼᆢનϷѦуᐘણ⾸ଳ܏ࡕǴуΕН ٩ྣНฯ܄Нݝ❷਑ϐᐒఓ܏ӝࡕǴу΋ቫܭኳϣऊ 25mmǴ٬Ҕཡ෇ཡ 20 ԛ ࡕǴܓѳ߄य़Ǵ௴୏კ 3-2 НݝࣳዀࢬࡋѠܭ 15sec ϣຳပ 25 ԛǴຳပଯࡋࣁ 12.7mmǴ٬Ҕෞ኱ьЁǴໆෳᘉණࡕޔ৩ 4 ԛǴ၀Ѥঁቚߏࡕޔ৩ϐѳ֡ॶᆶ চޔ৩ϐৡǴჹচޔ৩ޑԭϩКջࣁࢬࡋॶǶ

32 ࢬࡋॶ(%) = ஽ଶି஽ଵ ஽ଵ ൈ ͳͲͲΨ D2=ѳ֡ޔ৩ D1=ኳϐϣ৩ ൂՏ(mm) კ 3-2 ࢬࡋѠ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) (3)ߥН၂ᡍ НݝԪዀߥН౗ෳ၂ǴஒෳֹࢬࡋॶዀᡏڊԿ܏ӝఏǴ٠аύೲ܏ӝ 15sec ࡕǴஒ❷਑༤ΕልዬύǴ٠аཡ෇а໩ਔដБӛཡᔐ 15 ΠǴ٬ҔڊΘஒӭᎩ❷ ਑ڊѳǴ೸ၸკ 3-3 ߥН܄ෳۓሺܜ੿ޜǴӃஒልዬ࿼ܭߥНෳۓሺϐ΢БᅅЏ ೀǴ໒௴ෳۓሺϐ໒ᜢǴፓ᏾ᓸΚܭ 48-54mmHG ٠໒ۈीਔ 1minǴᜢഈ຾Н ሚϷߥНෳۓሺϐ໒ᜢǴஒ❷਑ڊܭ࣒ዟ݈΢Ǵ٠аڊΘ܏ӝ 15sec ࡕǴӧ٩೷ ࢬࡋ၂ᡍෳۓಃΒԛࢬࡋॶǶ

ߥН౗ (%)= (B/A)x100 B=ಃΒԛࢬࡋॶ A=ಃ΋ԛࢬࡋॶ კ 3-3 ߥНෳۓሺ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

ມǵНݝࣳዀ

ҁ၂ᡍୖԵ߻ΓଛКϷНݝԪዀ܄፦ࡕǴΑှൂપуΕҘ୷ᠼᆢન(Ҙ୷ᠼ ᆢન)ؒԖᒤݤၲډೕጄ܌ुۓϐ኱ྗॶǴڰۓΑҘ୷ᠼᆢન(Нݝуಒಈ਑ᕴख़ 0.5%)Ǵ೸ၸуΕᐘણ⾸ჹ(Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન 5%ǵ10%ǵ15%ǵ20%)ϷׯᡂНጤКރ ݩΠǴૈ୼Ԗਏၲډೕጄ኱ྗǴϷቚуπբ܄ૈਏ੻Ǵٰ຾Չྖ౽၂ᡍǵබ࿼ਔ ໔၂ᡍϷל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǶ

1.

Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍ׷਑

(1)НݝᆶНݝԪዀ܌٬Ҕϐ࣬ӕǴӵ߄ 3-1-3-2Ƕ

34 (2)Ҙ୷ᠼᆢનᆶНݝԪዀ܌٬Ҕϐ࣬ӕ (3)ᐘણ⾸ᆶНݝԪዀ܌٬Ҕϐ࣬ӕ (4)ಒಈ਑ ҁࣴز܌٬Ҕϐಒಈ਑࿶ၸᑔᒧࡕǴόӕЁκϐଳᔿҡमࣳǶ

2.Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК

Ӄ߻ςӃ၂ᡍόӕНݝϷࣳଛКǴว౜Нݝᆶࣳӧ 1:1 ௃ݩΠǴჹܭНݝࣳ ዀᕴᡏᑈࢂၨӳޑǴ၁ಒଛКӵΠ߄ 3-12-3-15Ƕ ߄ 3-12 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-A ᜪ(g) Нݝࣳዀ Нݝ ಒಈ਑ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન B ᜪᐘણ⾸ НڰК Нໆ MA5 400 400 4 0.2 0.220 176.92 MA10 400 400 4 0.4 0.230 185.01 MA15 400 400 4 0.6 0.225 181.04 MA20 400 400 4 0.8 0.230 185.10 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 3-13 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-B ᜪ(g) Нݝࣳዀ Нݝ ಒಈ਑ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન B ᜪᐘણ⾸ НڰК Нໆ MB5 400 400 4 0.2 0.220 176.92 MB10 400 400 4 0.4 0.225 180.99 MB15 400 400 4 0.6 0.227 182.64 MB20 400 400 4 0.8 0.225 181.08 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 3-14 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-C ᜪ(g) Нݝࣳዀ Нݝ ಒಈ਑ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન B ᜪᐘણ⾸ НڰК Нໆ MC5 400 400 4 0.2 0.215 172.90 MC10 400 400 4 0.4 0.219 176.16 MC15 400 400 4 0.6 0.223 179.43 MC20 400 400 4 0.8 0.230 185.10 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

߄ 3-15 Нݝࣳዀ၂ᡍଛК-D ᜪ(g) Нݝࣳዀ Нݝ ಒಈ਑ Ҙ୷ᠼᆢન B ᜪᐘણ⾸ НڰК Нໆ MD5 400 400 4 0.2 0.215 172.90 MD10 400 400 4 0.4 0.220 176.97 MD15 400 400 4 0.6 0.230 185.06 MD20 400 400 4 0.8 0.225 181.08 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

3

ǵНݝࣳዀ܄፦၂ᡍᡂኧ

Нݝࣳዀ܄፦ᡂኧᐘણ⾸೽ϩᆶНݝԪዀ܄፦ᡂኧ࣬ӕǴ೸ၸׯᡂНڰКǴ ፓ᏾НໆࡕǴ಄ӝೕጄ኱ྗǶ

4

ǵНݝࣳዀ၂ᡍБݤ

(1) ྖ౽၂ᡍ(ISO13007) ᔠࢗౠᑄǴߥ᛾ځࣁଳᔿǵዅృǶ٬ҔԜೕጄౠᑄ໪ၲډаΠᜪࠠǺV2 ࠠǴ ಄ӝ GB/T4100.1 ϐౠ፦ᑄǴ֎Н౗ɩ0.2%Ǵࣁ΢ႂǶڀԖѳ᏾ᗹ๱य़Ǵ߄य़ᑈ ࣁ(100±1)mm × (100±1)mmǴ፦ໆࣁ(200±10)gǶ ኱ྗෳ၂చҹᔈࣁȐ23±2ȑʚکȐ50±5ȑʘޑ࣬ჹᔸࡋǶዴߥᒳЁ࿼ܭషᏉ β݈ϐഗᆄǴ೭ኬ྽షᏉβ݈ࠟޔ፛ҥਔǴ཮ᆶᒳЁޑۭ೽ᜐጔߥ࡭ӕ΋НѳǶ ᒳЁΠጔ٬Ҕ፿ጨጤ஥ᗹຠǴߏࡋࣁ 25mmǶӃӧషᏉβ݈΢༡ܓౠᑄᗹ๱ᏊǴ ٬ҔᏁࠠܓΘکۭ݈ߥ࡭ 60°໼௹فǴ໩షᏉβ݈ڊၸǴᓉ࿼ٿ minǴӆஒౠ፦ ᑄϩձܫ΢ڊၸࡕࣳዀ΢Ǵϩձа 5kg આዸࡪᓸ 30secǴௗ๱ஒۭ݈ࠟޔ፛ҥǴ 20minࡕᢀჸౠᑄࢂցԖࠟࢬǴࠟࢬሡɩ0.5mmǶӵკ 3-4Ƕ

36 კ 3-4 ྖ౽၂ᡍҢཀკ (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

1:ᒳЁ 2:፿ጨጤ஥(25mm) 3:ౠᑄ 4:ௗ๱Ꮚ 5:షᏉβۭ݈

(2) බ࿼၂ᡍ ኱ྗෳ၂చҹᔈࣁȐ23±2ȑʚکȐ50±5ȑʘޑ࣬ჹᔸࡋǶᔠࢗౠᑄǴߥ᛾ځ ࣁଳᔿǵዅృǴ߄य़ᑈࣁ(100±1)mm × (100±1)mmǴ፦ໆࣁ(200±10)gǶஒᗹ๱ࣳ ዀܓܭۭ݈΢Ǵᓉ࿼ 20min ࡕǴϩձஒ 3 ༧ౠᑄܫ࿼ᗹ๱ࣳዀ߄य़Ǵа 2kg આዸ ᓸڋ 30sec ដࡕǴӃஒౠᑄѓᙯ 90 ࡋǴӆѰᙯ 90 ࡋܘଆǴᢀჸౠᑄᆶᗹ๱ࣳዀ ߕ๱य़ᑈࣁӭϿԭϩКǶӵკ 3-5 ܌ҢǺ

კ 3-5 බ࿼၂ᡍҢཀკ

1:Нݝᗹ๱ࣳዀ 2:ౠᑄ

(ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) (3) ל܎ௗ๱மࡋ(ISO13007) ኱ྗෳ၂చҹᔈࣁȐ23±2ȑʚکȐ50±5ȑʘޑ࣬ჹᔸࡋǶ٬Ҕޔᜐ᜚Θ༡ܓ ΋ቫᖓᖓࣳዀӧషᏉβ݈Ƕฅࡕ༡ܓၨࠆቫ٠٬ҔӧύЈ 12mm ೀڀԖ 6mm ×6mmпαϐ᜚Θ਩౛Ƕ᜚Θߥ࡭ډ୷׷ޑفࡋऊ 60°Ǵӧ΋ঁӝ፾ޑفࡋǴவ షᏉβ݈ޑ΋ঁᜐጔฝၸ٠ѳՉܭ݈ᜐጔȐӧ΋చޔጕ΢ȑǶ ܭӧ 30sec ϣ༡ܓௗ๱ᏊǴܫ࿼ϐౠᑄ΢܌Ԗௗ๱Ꮚόຬၸ 4 Ի (rib)Ƕ؂ঁ ౠᑄҔȐ20±0.05ȑN уၩ 30secǶӧ኱ྗచҹΠᓯӸ 27 ϺࡕǴҔ፾ӝޑଯமࡋ ௗ๱ᏊȐӵᕉ਼ௗ๱Ꮚȑᗹ่܎ᓐ݈ᆶౠᑄǶӧ኱ྗచҹΠќѦӆᓯӸ 24h ࡕǴ аȐ250±50ȑN / s ޑೲ౗ቚуࡼΚǴ،ۓௗ๱Ꮚޑ܎՜ᗹ๱மࡋǶӚᅿᕉნచ ҹΠᎦៈޑБԄӵΠ߄ 3-16Ƕ

38 ߄ 3-16 ӚᅿᕉნచҹΠל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍᎦៈБԄ ൂय़ᗹ๱ (5min බ ࿼)҅தᎦ ៈ ᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ <0.2m/s) Ҕ፾ەଯமጤᗹᏊஒ܎ܘ⊾ᓐᗹ΢ܭᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ<0.2m/s)Ꭶៈ 27Ϻ 24hr ൂय़ᗹ๱ (5min බ ࿼)੆НᎦ ៈ ᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ <0.2m/s) ڗрܫ࿼ܭ (20±2)ࡋН ύ Ҕ፾ەଯமጤᗹᏊஒ܎ܘ⊾ ᓐᗹ΢ ܫΕНύ 7Ϻ 20 Ϻ 7hr 17hr ൂय़ᗹ๱ (5min බ ࿼)዗Դϯ Ꭶៈ ᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ <0.2m/s) ڗрܫ࿼ܭ (70±2)ࡋ੗ ጃύ Ҕ፾ەଯமጤᗹᏊஒ܎ܘ⊾ᓐᗹ΢ܭᕉ ნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ <0.2m/s)Ꭶៈ 14Ϻ 14 Ϻ 24hr ൂय़ᗹ๱ (20min බ ࿼)҅தᎦ ៈ ᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ <0.2m/s) Ҕ፾ەଯமጤᗹᏊஒ܎ܘ⊾ᓐᗹ΢ܭᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ<0.2m/s)Ꭶៈ 27Ϻ 24hr ᚈय़ᗹ๱ (20min බ ࿼)҅தᎦ ៈ ᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ <0.2m/s) Ҕ፾ەଯமጤᗹᏊஒ܎ܘ⊾ᓐᗹ΢ܭᕉნྕࡋ 23±2 ࡋ)࣬ჹᔸࡋ(50±5%)॥ೲ<0.2m/s)Ꭶៈ Ꭶៈਔ໔ 27 Ϻ 24hr (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) (4) ౠᑄᗹ๱୊Κமࡋ၂ᡍ

ҁࣴزࣁ಄ӝ ANSI A118.1 7.0 ϐ኱ྗǹ٬Ҕ TYPE A-1Ǻ108×108×8mm(а ΢)֎Н౗ 12~18%ϐ΢ႂᏛᑄǴЁκϪԋ 108×54mǴԿܭ 150ɗ੗ଳᇙࡡख़Ǵӆ ܫ࿼ܭྕࡋ 21~25ɗǵ࣬ჹᔸࡋ 50±5%ᕉნΠᎦៈ 24hr ࡕωёҔܭ၂ᡍǹ၂ᡍ ҔϐНǵጤݝǵౠᑄ฻ࣣाܫ࿼ܭྕࡋ 21~25ɗǵ࣬ჹᔸࡋ 50±5%ᕉნΠ 12hrǶ ஒ܌ሡНໆܫΕ܏ӝ࿙ϣǴ໒ଆᄌೲ܏ӝܭ 15sec ϣॹΕ 2Kg ଳણǴख़ཥीਔа ᄌೲ܏ӝ 30sec ࡕǴଶЗीਔаϷஒ܏ӝߕܭ܏ӝ࿙ୁϐ❷਑ڊΕ܏ӝ࿙ϣǴӆ

໒௴܏ӝᐒаᄌೲ܏ӝ 1 ϩ 30secǴᓉ࿼ 20min ࡕǴӆ܏ӝ 15sec ࡕǴҔ 16 Т TYPE A-1 ޑᏛᑄ଺ԋ 8 ಔ၂ТǶܭຯᚆᏛᑄ 2.4mm ޑӦБฝ΋ޔጕǴጤݝࠆࡋ ࣁ 3.2mmǴ3.2mm ጤݝࠆࡋϐࡼπाҔ T ࠠ֨ڀܫӧനλᏛᑄᜐǴϪ૶ाஒጤ ݝӄ೽༡ܓӧΠᏛᑄ΢ǴଏрᏛᑄ٬ጤݝԋޔጕࠠǴ΢ቫᏛᑄ߾ܫ࿼ӧᆶΠቫᏛ ᑄ࣬ჹϐϪᜐǴฅࡕᔒᓸጤݝډ 3.2mm ࠆǶ၂ᡏᔈಔҥԋૈ٬Ϫᜐௗڙ಻ख़Ǵ2 ༧Ꮫᑄޑᜐຯࣁ 2.4mmǴᏛᑄᔈёݮ๱ T ࠠ֨ڀ߻ࡕྖ୏Ǵаዴߥᙟᇂ 3.2mm ϐࠆࡋǴڊନӭᎩϐጤݝࡕڗр T ࠠ֨ڀֹԋ၂Тϐᇙբǹ྽ڗр T ࠠ֨ڀਔǴ ाλЈೀ౛όё٬֨ڀᜐጔ࿘᝻܈ྖ୏ᏛᑄǴԶቹៜ 2 ༧ᏛᑄϷጤݝࠆࡋǶ၂ᡏ ܫ࿼ܭྕࡋ 21~25ɗǵ࣬ჹᔸࡋ 50±5%ΠᎦៈ 7 Ϻࡕ຾Չෳ၂Ƕӧीᆉᗹ๱୊Κ மࡋਔǴଷ೛܌Ԗᗹ๱य़ᑈࣁ 51.6cm2ǹа؂ min1089.8kg ΚໆբࣁᓸΚ၂ᡍǴ ૶ᒵኧॶཱུࣁᗹ๱୊Κനε಻ख़ॶǶ

ಃѤക ၂ᡍ่݀

ಃ΋࿯ ߻ق

ҁക࿯Ьा૸ፕҘ୷ᠼᆢનϷᐘણ⾸ჹНݝԪዀᗹࡋॶǵࢬࡋॶϷߥН౗܄ ፦ޑቹៜǴຑ՗ᄞΕӚᜪᐘણ⾸܄፦ࡕǴុ຾ՉНݝࣳዀྖ౽၂ᡍ(ۓကрНڰ К)ǵබ࿼ਔ໔၂ᡍǵל܎ௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍϷ୊Κௗ๱மࡋ၂ᡍǴຑ՗ჹܭౠᑄᗹ ๱Ꮚ܄ૈޑቹៜǴаΠϩձ൩НݝԪዀϷНݝࣳዀ၂ᡍ่݀ϩձ၁ॊǶ

൘ǵНݝԪዀ၂ᡍ่݀

1.НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ(mpaɄs)

НݝԪዀబуӚᜪᐘણ⾸ᗹࡋኧॶӵΠ߄ 4-1-4-4 Ϸკ 4-1-4-4Ƕ่݀ᡉҢᚐ Ѧబу AǵBǵD ᜪᐘણ⾸ܭ 5%~20%࣬ၨܭѝబуҘ୷ᠼᆢનᗹࡋٰޑଯǴԶ ᚐѦ C ᜪᐘણ⾸ޑᗹࡋᆶѝబуҘ୷ᠼᆢનৡ౦όεǹ൩ਔ໔ჹᗹࡋޑቹៜ่ ݀ᡉҢ 20min Կ 1hr ᗹࡋޑᡂϯॶόεǴฅԶҗ 1hr Կ 3hr ਔӚಔᗹࡋ೿Ԗܴᡉ ޑቚуǴ3hr Կ 24hr ᗹࡋޑᡂϯໆόεǶӢԜӧబуҘ୷ᠼᆢનϷᐘણ⾸Ҕܭౠ ᑄᗹ๱Ꮚᗹຠౠᑄࡼπਔ໔໪ܭ 1hr ϣֹԋǴց߾ёૈ཮ӢᗹࡋϼεԶόܰࡼ πǶ ߄ 4-1 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-A ᜪ(mpaɄs) ၂ኬጓဦ

ਔ໔ M MA5 MA10 MA15 MA20

20min 6.5 9.5 7 7 7

1hr 10 25 10.5 9.5 9.5

3hr 460 645 632 550 632 24hr 656 596 604 630 654 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز)

42 კ 4-1 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-A ᜪ(mpaɄs) (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 4-2 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-B ᜪ(mpaɄs) ၂ኬጓဦ ਔ໔ M MB5 MB10 MB15 MB20 20min 6.5 8 8 8 8 1hr 10 9 10.5 9.5 10 3hr 460 570 592 682 680 24hr 656 644 646 646 696 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 20ϩដ 1λਔ 3λਔ 24λਔ ᗹ ࡋ₍ m p a Ʉ s ) ၂ᡍਔ໔ M MA5 MA10 MA15 MA20 20 min ၂ᡍਔ໔ 1 hr 3 hr 24 hr

კ 4-2 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-B ᜪ(mpaɄs) (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 4-3 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-C ᜪ(mpaɄs) ၂ኬጓဦ ਔ໔ M MC5 MC10 MC15 MC20 20min 6.5 7.5 6 7 8 1hr 10 9 9 9 9.5 3hr 460 472 596 676 634 24hr 656 544 612 664 678 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 20ϩដ 1λਔ 3λਔ 24λਔ ᗹ ࡋ₍ m p a Ʉ s ) ၂ᡍਔ໔ M MB5 MB10 MB15 MB20 ၂ᡍਔ໔ 20 min 1 hr 3 hr 24 hr

44 კ 4-3 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-C ᜪ(mpaɄs) (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) ߄ 4-4 НݝԪዀᗹࡋॶ-D ᜪ(mpaɄs) ၂ኬጓဦ ਔ໔ M MD5 MD10 MD15 MD20 20min 6.5 10.5 7 8 7.5 1hr 10 38 7 10 9 3hr 460 1030 424 450 538 24hr 656 1144 714 720 732 (ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 20ϩដ 1λਔ 3λਔ 24λਔ ᗹ ࡋ₍ m p a Ʉ s ) ၂ᡍਔ໔ M MC5 MC10 MC15 MC20 ၂ᡍਔ໔ 20 min 1 hr 3 hr 24 hr