資訊法律的整合研究—以美國法律界因應軟體專利及著作權為中心

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(1)W~*#~*~~~-. ~~m*#~. ~ .t,b ~ ill .:S- I Jl. -H- lie -li~ t:T E1 ffl§ ,.<",.. ..-h , , ~, R~ -1A... FJii ~ /f'1,.J /-X.... ~'r F /J~ JPJ :K<i ~ ~ 'u ~. ~*~1t *. 1. 1liHr. 2.2.4 1968if':W?'1I IDf~: ffij ~iFf1j';f¥. F"U JMll: (J<] f1:: l~ 2, 1~lftrr,:f'F.J:irp9;:fl.ffJ ~~~. 2,1, 2. 2.2.5 1969:¥~;fljfl'jf~frij:mtUl1i 2.2.6 1972:¥~fijl;JlI9fintrt~rJi;~. Benson .~ ~~J tk:. 2.2. 7 1981~~I!~!Jl#J.j)~~1!J)j£. fi::rt itt iH}. W1k £Ui l,lz,>+ *-'H~~'UH-rr"""h. Diehr ~1'lJtk:. 2.2.8 1989~1.l;fIJfl'jf~JPj'M1lt~. 2.1.3 1979fj:c:. CONUT 1:1::. CI. 2.1.4 1980~:aHt:.~f~ IE 2.1.5 ~f1::m~f~lE~lI9fiJ.j)1!~. 2.2.9. 1 ~~\J"T'C;\~1lW.I. 2. 3 1989'rf~~8Jttkjjft*f1::'&";f1j 2.2 ~~r~~'IJfJl~Ij~B"J. 3. :kWl~Jfif Jl[ W:J'J} MfX~fUff1:: 2.2.2 19961f~W;.~r3t:1iJ,f1j~ ffi;!. 3.1 ~J)j£ 3.2 ~~ft. wrfl1§'. 2.2.:3. ~t~yaj. 3.3. ,. m~~~.~.~ lk~r!g~r~. {;ij~. ~. I. ~llt *:~: J& 1f ~ 1! ff 7~ fiX;. ~ fiJf1t •. I. I*J .f!: ~ lJif ~ fi tfflJ't iX t] I 'f!t ~~ JtOC. I. ,. :tE~1t%h~f¥J:lt~))f~~L~. ~1t t'E;fr tf~ I. B'~. t'1 nt -. JiJf ~ ~ BI.J fq '~Err. ~ ~ 1=t-t. it -191 i7 fjfHi1 (). *~~~~~~~**~~~±'mff.~a~**~.~*~a~. , fflJJt:;H'ft)7tj:lg·~. 0. 1t:?tt;fJ.l~~r:l~tfJJHihkit~f1. 239. mfi~'~~. ". *. !'!U f¥J. t~. '11'r {$ r~ #l foJ ~.

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(4) , ffu ~f r1J..j)~. tion law). l*AIiffJlZt;t .tl:~rfOr~t.ffntK19741f:. m~j;J4r-I~ilffl 'rm/GJj5Z~\L? 55 5'~-<~~1j. JJz Pi ~fl ROM ). tfi?: frv. ( Read Only Memory, r+t.v f~' Hmp""l :=PV'J/:d ~!JlI<l'l'"f::!\,. t~:~ r*J B<J :f!f. If ~. ,~+ 0. *¥! WHBi:¥!. J~. !~JH§< 5t. 2.1.31979.Ef-CONTU K1960~{-t '. jJlXI~ ~. ~*Bi: 0. *1t~zfifittmf~ (the National Commission on. New Technological Uses. Copyrighted. Works' L.:J.FfftifPj. CON'E'U). 8. 9. 1ft~. ;ftl. CONTU JjJf fli I¥J ii'J~ if ~ : ~H~ t¥J ~iji rr:T~ ~ ; fp ~fJd!W*. ~~tf,*~. !lro ff 1~ ?t ~ 1t ~. ¥!Z~' • • ~~~~~.~m~*~ ~~,. 5}JjrJrR:. 0. :. 1APJtfi,l:.');"\I"~±jjAPw. :rt ~ ~ 1Q: ~~ :f¥:rt t¥J :r;\J o. 12Jj. rr& -"":p ,g rt.fr ~.~. T :ilI2OfJctl''1i~~it '~1f1f ~Itl-~;,r'b. ,. :(}}ff.A CONTU ff.J. l/'tf:~~, &1~~~{'P.. 7).1JiI. Synercom Technology, Inc. v. University Computing Company and Engineering Dy namics, Inc., 462 F. Supp. 1003; August 24, 1978.lk.474 F. Supp.37; February 7, 1979 0 ( originality) , ( idea) ,. Jj , 5i114~ • pps. 106 - 123.. 8). 9). Data Cash Systems, Inc.v. JS&A Group, Inc., et al., 480 .l". Supp. 1063; 203 U.. S.P.Q. (BNA) 7:35 September 26, 1979. :f£. -~\lfHlj.:r-;tt"·. Final Report of the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrig':1ted Works, July 31, 1978. Appendix A C. ».. -242.

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(8) '1f't'D.'':;:'A.-1')''.~rs IXI¥Jf9~. 0 23. 1966~. -* ~'J;ffi Fp, ~ ag 1fJl. 2 . 2.ft m. 2.2.11996if.. ~tl. iHf ~fcj ~. " ffiffU~.f~ R g. xtfi- ~t~. ~Eii: ~lJ. matic processes ). {;t19661F fU 19694 Z. rfif;fJfiU ( Patent and Trademark Office) -~1tili::::. ~. It-x -0. (. ( math. equation ). yt:~ {,'. ( algo. B"J. :ttk~L.. rithms ). 1f1! /FJl.;fIJ. ~ff~m~JJjUVJ. ( Guidelines) 24 1966 1f: 8<] 1r j()[ 1ft ' 25 ~~ )]IJ iE~ m , 5$ waJ .tl:t t~ JVJ ~ ~F rt *11 (judicial holding) j)- fJT ' Ji:::' 1M ~j. , :F':!! ~ :iJt.f5[l, ii X ( applicable. ;tJ B'~. 0. statutory law ) 1¥J0-~JTmz """7"<:,,,,,.$. )j 1t. $. 0. 1~. ~5fIJ'1'1. 26. if! J]. ~jJ~~~'. ( algorithm processes) 'R:ij{fi~h~lt processes). M~tE. ( apparatus ) ~~~~if;. (r'~ ~1tt,. IV. 0. ,. 23) creasing generality" ) ffJj]j:~ • ES § .]1. 0. B'~jJlt •. ' :;pf.Ll:!2. U<J. -. -~1t. (" in. ( parameter lists) • ( general outline ). • [[j. {:;+1iJj[t:)'-F ; JJz Cas..'> and Diver, Administrative Law, Cases and Materiel, pp.319 ~)21.. 25) Guidelines to Examination of Programs, 829 Off. Gaz. Pat. Off. 1. Aug. 2, 1966. 26) I2S!Wr.l!Lf§!t;iA'Ui::i\; e=mc2/F1~~;fU 0 lit5'~' 'L'~ ft~ffiJJL'~tt-~ (mental steps) , IW$~1f~~ll(!,»~ ~19511f: In re Abrams, 188 F. 2d 165 • ]1 In re Shao Wen Yuan, 188 F. 2d ~)77 T-~~U~'~~~~~~~X~W~~o quence) , ( interative ) 27 ). chine function) •. t~II#'!i'it~IJ'I':I:.. 246.

(9) -FJ. •• * wttm.!E. ~. 2.2.2 1996~~~~~lJ;r~~~~¥R"5-. ~~®~~tlJ*IJ. 19601f:1-t; 'lliil o. 19661f-~f!;XJ~f::JtpX;jL(i:J--. tM 28 lit fIi ~. pj" IE (j'j :ft ff\ ' {Q 'If,i]% i.e;';J[& ~ 0. ,;T,;"'R<<<~liJ!jfnn-r-11 It.1l1~·'fAfHi.~/f"~. t:ik:tt'IMf4tt. ~.~ 0. -mlE' )t$ 1&J~ ;f~:trt. * 5-t. 33{tttt 1ft. ~,~~. '/f~. 1& !fJ. ;:fIJ {f3jffi)fjj ~ Jl1~nmJ~t r~ ~~j;flit J3:: ~ - i& , slE tt~]% i1~ i't EJ<.f ~ ;ffiHbJ J1X; ~ 0. *. ~tx1m,/F. fiE! ff.Ei , JPJ ~. JlJ:f~~n*,Uw.. ( prior. databases) ,29~~/F-=J'ttft~r~:;:f1j. art. 0. 2.2.3 1967 if: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lJ ~U & 1fi: ~ ~ ~. , :illt fE)1:. i't .1: rp ~c ~ 1ft ~- ~. JljfIJ ~ 5lt /f~ ;If: tt ~ ~~1 {~j:\; J!J. ;:fIJ /.1=1 -jff::f I. 1v~'/flj. ~. 0. 1'Jr.,N:;.. Im!~. 34. 2.2.41968if:.~UrJj~fcJ~. rr~:m. iJ)fjt ~Ij. 19671f-~. h'Jta:im~;:f1j nI1J OC :ii1l' 30Ttifi}fJ'[ l!i rxp~i1tW:~1j1M. 28). ~M~~.~. (j'j~~\l*. 19661f:~:frj~ifffi)fjji~111lJt~~:W:A. ' 0. 31. !'I"Jfrjj£t~WJ~JtIJ{~. , fPJ1f-lO}i 4 B ~ffiJJj13. Report of the President's Commission on the patent system "To promote the progress of", Useful Arts" in an age of exploding technology, pursuant to Executive Or derNo.11215 (April 8, 1965) ; tlJBJilI965'¥12)i8F1' ~30Fed. 4661 ; 814 Off. Gaz. Pat. Off. 3.. 29 ). $ ~ oo)a.~~~·r~~v~~~~~~. 31 ). 32) 33). 34 ). , ~(H6M ' 83'¥7}j , pps. 80 ,-- 97 .~ Bearings Before the subcommittee on Patents. Trademarks. and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate, 90th Congress, 1st session, Pursuant to S. Res. 370nS. 2. S.1042, S.1377. S.1691, May 17, 181967pps. 1 382; Part II, (with S. 2164 and S. 2597 added) January 30,31 and Feb. 1,1968, pps. 383 887 0 00 T&1(~~;fIJiIJIJ}jtft9~;'(IJfr 0 Hearings Begore Subcommit tee No.3 of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. 90th Congress, on H. R. 5924, H. R. 13951, and related bills for the general revision of the patent laws, ti tle 35 of the U nted States Code, and for other purposes, Serial No. 11, April 17, 20. 26. 27; May 4, 11,18,25; June 1,8.1967; p. 1 424, part I; and February 21, 28, and 29, 1968, p. 425 833, part II. S. 1042. H. R. 5942. 13951. S. 1042~106{ttmj£ : --11m pJf~jfj~lY~rr;f'l~~~IHm!iX:~n~alJi(liPJfJJ!H'f(t~i'fff . 0 ( "A plan of ac tion or set of operating instructions. in whatever form presented, to cause a controllable data processor or computer to perform selected operations shall not be patentable. " ) ~~31WTiJl~[\};;.lreJJ}.'1*~r*~393 - 394ft 0.

(10) fir ' 35. lX ~. *. iJ~Hlj~ tM 11r. , ~J~J{E19684011'!J. fri£&111 WmOtlJ. ~}Ej:tij§:iill. 2.2.519691f:.;fIJ f!IJlm~. {~1 . 0. 1969. JXEl'g~~ '~::J.1k 1f% },,~ ffi!!J lE!: ti f}:; itt #IJ 19~ ». r-k{Itt J1f 11: fj{J 71-fJT ifrl '. (Court. 0. -m H~. of. Wf1!. Custom. ¥:R:. :t~ ~JfiJ t't B'-J. ?! 0. and. Patent. m1':B •. Appeal ) ~ ':f ~ fll #IJ 19t1 Jf3 hX;. , ;f!f::i:\ R 1i 11-: ]t!\il] ( performed on physical materials) '.I1tJ:i {~ff!\il]l¥Jt'fj{ ~AtJ1/ vU/,-,·_,--,._-~{fH~!®tiMl¥Jj;!!t,~ , ::tfj~. ».. #Jj. 1JE it J!f-Jflj. trN iFUt q'T JI~ 111 ¥? mOlU I¥J ~!E. 38. 0. .... m~o.~.~~~-~11:ili*~m.. :It:tf ' ~Et EX nifflEl'g r.lTli:~. fj:i\ rrg q~ i5l-m. , 51f~ ~ q~ 1& q~. ~¥'*J:-_1i:?!rm:J!J~B'-J~~. PI PI $f5fiJit ~ I¥J 1i ~ 9'~ ~ ~ JfIJ :15. 2.2.6 19721f: ~ ~ 11. )! ~ Benson. 19724 '. f.t*,. "P,I","" 'I. /1"1.,cr-~1"". =. .r",. rrg ~ frJ. 11: ill #lJ ~. '. ~m;.&_~. '. 1t. 0. ~).~~~~~~~~~~. 0. ¥JJ~. $'*~.~~~m :l£~n 1ur t& -~ JFi ~~~?! ~::J. t~ IE J}] fj~ rr'.1. W'. :&l1~ 3'~ ill. wJ~JW ' ji::;fr 19894 '. 40. 0. 39. *. ~1J1tEl''.1. ill if1i fiL Wf *?!. ( Chief. Justice. •••m*~~~~.~~~~mfi~'. ffif Jff:. (r'~. 0 Computer Programs: Showc, They be Patentable? . David Bender, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 68, pps. 241 257' , f1:::t;"-Yr'31:i£7I\:0. 36) 5t855 Off. Gaz. Pat. Off. 829, 33 Fed. Reg. 15609, Oct. 17, 1968. 37 ) .tl:tnWJ;IJ~1't(Jf.Jt~)JIJ~fSfG ' 1982~~:ff1[~}j9;3L(J'~ll9FJ1Hilii®.I.Wf?t:\lJtFfr*1-t ~). 0. #~~~~. ( Concurring Opinion) ,. 'A~~~~.(Jf.J~~&*~A.~ • • ~~ N.,,/f'-I'1T'I''f"'. '. fti$Jf'fj~~{':ll;-{[8J~Mitt!.}1f:ftIJ ' o. ~ {~~;flr~ ~ ftjj:Jilt ~ 1(:1i 1& flY ~. ( Notics of Resci&''iion of Guidelines) '5t868 Off. Gaz. Pat. 349, 34 Fed. Reg. 15724, Oct. 3, 1969. 39 ) Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U. S. 63, 175 USPQ 673, 1972. 40) ( binary) , {I:lji~,fi- -fN:U<J-.jc~1T~m& ( Decimal Coded Binary Representation ' fflJ;!:if} BCD ) 12 ' , ;&;J~n1l00 ; (:) BCD ' ~IJn0001 0010 0. !~tU}i(. n~ fW:~ Z. 0. -248.

(11) rb I. Douglas). fI1t1:l ' ll&~t '. fj:r~~flfffi~1H~1t11't¥}. ~~.n. ~~~;fiJ.'\;~lfIJ ~.~. ,. ~.~~.. ,*~. (f ~t! ~U i"%lZ ~i~:f:. B'~ -)( 1*. 0. ttfJt~tE tlj ~ ~. ~~ fl.~m- mIWr fKlJ:\.. -I'" ttl :[.1111.,l, o'£lt ,. -Afri:7:1R'.. /'" ~ --T~ z;. :P,,,T;f'/r, 'Pfi: It's(; n y,JJ If);lt. Jt1iHA.~ffl Jlt -~i~j:\; n lTMlf!Sff&rR ~tE Benson ~ I¥J ¥1li ,t '. itft1ttJT I¥J T1iH51 ~'l?SE ~;fIJ itt! JE?Ii I¥J f'f- rt JEJ't J!J. flJ '11 .Yf/. Ifl] fE Jlt. ~~~. ' ffi1. I¥J ",91. /lit:.,. 0. tlJ ~. 0. ~,. 41. 2.2.71981. rn '. ~--:l~~ ~ 7t ~ ~ I¥J ~ {tf (]'~ mtf~ 151. WJ ' ,~m~i3t.~-f'*~Efr1& lk I¥J 1L:,"J:l "". mJ ~,~~J!. B'~ ~lflj ~ f.1j t! l?7iJj 5 : 41¥J ~ mt~ RfJ: ' ~B)j '11:. (Mm~. Patent Examination Procedure) $~. Diehr ~. 44. ~*f¥.J:\rriJ&tliii'. 2.2.81989if.";fIJreJ. ~U~. 1972~~1981£f:F~~'. *. ft,U _t WfrR ~;&:rR iWl r1;; ~ f'f- tI:l-. 3i1J 1i ~ ~ lW, flj I¥J JIJ ~ if! 1 9 8 1 B'~ D~~~~~'. (]'~. 41 ). tlJ ~. .19 69"¥~lflj 'l1}j ~ jpj 1flU~ Jt1-T ill t~. ~~~lk~. '* *~. ~1*.flIj~. '1.::lI:.J""-"f'"·'I"J. , Jlt 1]'-. ~. .!Ji. ,. :l1. n. m. 989£f:~,fflj:;t Xm:tI:l. I¥J h ill:lliw JJJ011J ' ~Ij. ~~. Ef;]. ~J. lW. 45. tE In Re Freeman, 573 Fc4 2d 1237 :rt:~llI~~lt ' 19!~~:.w"'IJ~B9 0. "'IJTht1·tltA.~fflB9~'0' ? 758 (1980) ,ltrtt¥}t&~~iJ1IT=t7it!u;ttEf(J~=tv 0. m!lIf* ' ( patent claims ) q:tB9~1+lt .B9~,lt. • • 00~~,~~ • • • ~lt$~.~~'~'. ' (-J'mlt.IW,1:\L 'Wmlt{fi~;fJT , 1992{f12}l , pps. 23 - 39. ?. ~W.~B9o. 0. 42 ) Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U. S. 175, 209 USPQ 1 ( 1981 ) . 43) , ~~~"'IJ%;1i-ttrtt~t±f!t1f!{~.LJJ9-@l~{iffn ' a*lt~lf¥~ , ?t149 '241 268Ji 0 44 ) Ji!. .\1anual of patent examining procedure, section 2110, patentable subject matter math matical algorithm or computer programs 538 -38.3, Oct. 1981. PTO report on patentable subject matter: Mathematical Algorithms and Computer 45 ) Programs, 38 Patent Trademark and Copyright Journal, no. 948, p. 563 . Sep. 21, 1989 0 tEJ!t~m~illU!1Jq:t , f:;j1ftlt~~11-lt ' $ jft~lt~JttE Benson :~U~:'1~(r''.1;f:IJ{91J~ ~ , El Freeman ~ l;J. *Yf>,f} ~illB9~M • •;tto .Al;J..~W~. ;~~tE.~.~~m~~.lt,ft~~ ~.$ ~~~:l;J.H~ffl.~~ ~ ~W. ( recite) -' J!'iiliZrnt- 0 m-=-,$'WJJl:~a~-'m1/t{~~J+ltI&~ l;J.1I:fi:iJjJ;i'trf.Jf:l tEJiitlW.Jl:; ftf:~}:friJjt7~_t ? i1i:1nm~1LJ!lli~;;\J~: Li£iliZ1j!:z{~:lJD.LJlIJfi=: (post solution activi. ty) ; 2.~ffl1:ti:fJ)-:X..Lfl<J~1iJlJ ( field ofuse limitation) ; 3.~*lj'~~tv~ ( data gathering steps) ~ , if~illr:/G~--m~~n!ffi~B9:W:;fIJ~rg.]~~."'IWt ; 4,M:i!f)jWtt!.ft!J~~~ffiff. -249.

(12) 2.2.9 1990 if: ~ ~. ~B. ( Secretary of. *U 5s i&. Commerce). hllt~ ~ ~. ~ E3. 1990/,f~. , M_\J.~. ~ WI j-'J.. " ~~~t§rMfl~ll~" 2.3. 'it; 0. ~8t~*~5fIJtt1:f ,/1''1. patible OJmputer ) (f.J~m. r.?i jtfJ 11l~~ ~1t. *. );ffN. ~JUt9 § B'~;fl£ A. ' ~JJ¥, ( Reverse Engineering ) 1i 1fJ ' , iE1&Jf'trrlJL T4~ T ~j&rfif'~~~;flfl:rt~1tm(f.JFI:l'm! ? 48 ~1i6"W:5flrrm. rfif ~ %J Err f¥l rf'1. ,W*lj. , *~~mjJ ,. 46 +±·~~~/i:"!r:tt!!/';.. 1X~)l:f!-/ . . . .. 19891f:-II1tyttt Uif-1t a -* *11 ;ff{ Fp, :it! fA ~ 00 4* ~t nt1989~R. '. L.I9\: '4. 8)ti!&:JtLt~~ ~ ~~~*Ij i¥ lfi. '. o 49. T -J1t1flj§. ~J&. B'~f4tt~f1~. (. Technology Assessment) , 14, 13 o. 471£~ftfl~;ji1foo. fY~:Il: ~ ~. ~J. (f.J. '. ±~MFI:l'~. (. OJm. , tq:)jrlm:fJt 992if '. f,"-'Af",/u. § Federal Register, Vol. 56, .'\10.95, May 16,1991, pps. 22702-22706. p. 11 note 27 47 ) Ji!, Oversight hearing on computer and intellectual property before the subcommittee on Courts, intellectual property and the administration of Justice of the House] udiciary Com mittee, WIst Cong. 1st Session 11/8/89, 2nd session 3/7/90, serial number 119., U.S. government printing office, Washington 1991. 48) }if.KrJtilx.itl:' pps. 284-294 Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron, 416 U.S. 470 (1974) r:p • : ~0ij!'iEll(f:JJJj:\: ' I ff ' ~:A fl B;b ~~ ~ EX::tI 51 ~ g Gervaisse Davis III, Reverse Engineering and the Computer Industry, A Battle between Legal and Economic Principles. 1991 ' ~~:tJt]1tI* 46). 0. 49) Raskind, L ~tl1t;t;gn~:AWftj~~l1ftn~~fm:~~'tt ' 100}'i ; !f!XmilliJ:/X ( Software Pubblishing A"sociation ) ; JfJi~435 f;f ; R. Stallman • .Q?i1444 ; Educom mlJt;l~t~x Gilbert. S i!lt~lII~II;tf~~~~{jJf'1r • Jj!.A~123 -124,R 0 50 ) Office of Technology Assessment. Staff Pater. InteUectual Property Protection for Computer Software. 1989 ; Com puter software and Intellectual ,Droperty: Background paper, Winston, Joan and Hirona ka, Ann M., 1990.. -250. of.

(13) nR. cp. . LlE:ff n!~' 1~:~. 0. {£n~~tt- g-j) r~ m:Wf $t (J'~. 51. 3 . :k il ilk. M -' 1ft 1f} A -tt tt. *" 1'F -&. t-jflJ ¥J ~!- tt a~ !t. ~ Iff. J*- -tt ~!l ifjJff. w{,,(It; ~. !R\:~~fF.&.5fljm1-!tfz fl::J.0~. ,. ~{}-BJ.JfiJ!li*~. 51 ). ,. ~I@~. ~ao~~$.m~~~%~~~~~. ~$~~~~~M~o*X~~~fl~. 1L.-:*1m ' 1i Wx:;r~ F~ , 5fii. fJ3f J'E '. ,. p~. 0. mt~ M: flt IIUI'l A 1* tit JJ~ fA 1.f-)( it. Ji!. Office of Technology Assessment, Finding A Balance: Computer Software, Intellec Challenge of Technological Change, 1992 ( options). ( sui generis ) 1m. tions). 0. -251. a. ,. ~1:& 111: (!i!i /i"{i. -A'fJ.0r*Bt(f.J~'t~. }fi} ,PJT 1* ~\t $ F~ ~uWIm~. >'" -"',..", <-. r~ F!39 Crt1 ;ftl ] i ~. Jl. o. JtJ ~ ,. !ifJt~f'tt¥IH~;'ittrJIijl;ii;f~.

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(15) =.Jj. 9. JJt --ift IE ~~l f!l¥ ~ .lj!X 11fH~ ~1'- f:N:1-t fft,[~ J! U AfOJ ~ ~:J. %PX: , Iij)J"t J\: ~ ~u ~ 1:f)trA~ Jf ;fIJ SJL:tffl.fE ' Benson r:p' ~)L r!:tJid:!t l1;&: 1ff JfJ iff B'g l1;&: ~ ~ -f:~~jCfIJ • {,~ i'fi ' ?1i:ff .:s'lJt- B'j 'fi m' M: 1ft: B /f~~ ~j :W~;fIJ 1* tfl[f] £ J/Ef~ JiIJ ' o ltt 1& yt fSif {t E8 ft ~ 1iJ! ' ~ ~ tJj 1Ft f~ r-i:It ~. l¥J f~tJt :Ji:: 1R. Jij. ~~r!1f:. l¥J. ):1t 9=t ~{-t 0~J't B'j - -:g:~ {51 rn ifHfMJUi H:I ~ , 'i} fJf l¥J 7t #!J; E8 '" n='W , 1E:t}rWTitE' ~1Z i¥f~;1t{m ~~o. ~*~M~U~. Ft1 Ii: !If tl: ilf: Ill't it. -*. MEt. , ~ -* 1it f.iC;;4: {mf411 PX: * Z.1& ' PX: A 5J -1ft]. *. ft. l¥Jm!J~t1}t!. ~,m~M~~'M~.l¥Jilf:~.~'. * '. ff mfr .lj!X m'! f-'~:f~ l¥J ~ ~ , l¥J. ~j f£;ili 11m 1fP if1Lt ~ :t~ *IJ ~ 8"J o~! $. ( common law) E1X:. E816'3J[:m:~w~~t~m*!Jf. 1Z~JiI.:. '. yt>f~ rli. '*:1411 l¥J :@ Ei:J '. ~~~~1Z~~#ffAAfiA o. , §. ffX*1-t. f1~~lt. A'. it. 58 ). ~;trm~¥rn. fiIJ*,*fJl:iY;:W t!-j ~~mt~IJ. 0. ~ Jlt. ;tt ft: Jif! l¥J -9J fl~ 1Z ~ 1!J~. 0. '. *~ rlJ. ~rlj B'g ~fE% f'&:l{~J¥.&'. o. ~'='- +ttl ','>'1":"#11. ~& 1!JIJ. 0. tE. r:§ Jit ~ )t tit ~ rp 'tE.,¥JtJE::fr~. E8*~. , ft;J ~ Jt ~ ill:fl~ 1W6 B'~ 1t'~fNrf:Jz~u. rm 5t ~~ rJf ,f~, Wl B'~. IE ~.1J- 7t $. rt;: ~ rlj fE ~ fJS[ 11 n. 59). ,. ~~Jlt~Wl¥J~~~. l¥J~ff'~&.m~~l¥JffA*.'~ ~. jta~l¥J?#.t~ft~. {,' ( polycentric ) I¥;rt:l~. 0. *It1f;J::~ WJ !Ij J1f ' ~Ll JltItnt /f~ il:~ 0. ;@!m~o. ~~. #,~ftm~E8~.~~~~~~~. ~ ltIJ:ihl. ( doctrine) l¥JJt:. ~~~~~~#w.~~W,milim~. ~%Jj~-f.JX1t~. W!!tx:fret. 1'ftS. ?t~:tEI*JB'~--!)J?f)A~1j (adjudication). ~.tt8"J7t~*.o~~~~~ffi~:fW:. m- Jf[ fJ} Vt '. ( civil law). :f,f1f£JU~#IU±H!:f~~Jilj. ~~OOfi~~~~R.lj!Xe~*~it.tt. H=<y';;{ tu ~:fW:. 0. tJ] ~ ( Profe~~or Lon Fuller ) ~~ ~ 1t tfiiJ 51:: l¥J 1Yl ~_ /G ~ :®.. 1&~;Ot. ( copyrightability ) rt:l~. 58. m. ** *. ~. ,~px:~. 0. 0. 59. *M1(iJ]f{~~ ~ iL' rt:l~JH1l¥Jftj': l1H~M{£jji if )L. -=-" r~_"_. z. \Jt /f- ~. 7t ~ ~ [f] 51. ~*7t~~~~~-~?t~~~oB~. , EE 'fl1t t-MtJ; i!!i JfI f* ;'WiW ,~~Ul.t p'[t fftlt E1I;it , IWi 1'1 ttl Jt& Lon Fuller, The Fonns and Limits of Adjudication, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 92, 1978. 0. -253. ,.

(16) ... ~~~~.~~~v~m*~~~h~ ~~~~~~. st Iili. '. ~l~ -ITr fI} J!t. m- ,AJFlf'. ~$~~~~~.~. j& 1989 ~. JlJ&. 'm.~tt~~ti~~n.~. (r'g fi II~. ~. .~~.~~'R~~~~m. , {JH~ Jf: rp~ ~ (j{J ~ JL.\. tyg if;. 0. ~EtiI. J'!J;J./ ". 'ftJL.'~~'~~jf!J. , §. /f~. ·tt. ~.~~~~v~m-M~$~~m. o. •. llt,~Ji. k'J. El3 Diehr ~ It ~:~. fF ' }I}!@; ffiJ"t1: jf. CONTU. ~. rlffi-j':::; /.~. , Ill:§; /R. 1z.f1n ~. 1!-z"n ~. mw.. 'm~~~.~m~.n.~~m. ~~Eft. ~,. -1$[$ 60. 3.2~ 1r. nH PI..> 1,1:5'. flV. '. ~ ff i@;.. 79:11. *. L fr~jfU ~ ~ {IF :fi1~ ~. ~w. m~. o. ;5irj ,. ,*X. ~M. CO~TU. tffiJH. *. B ~Jf:. tt£u~ vJ'. 60). Nimmer ~~~. 0. jflj. misappropritation. 'ft(j{J. T. ~,*JA'. 15i:. ). 0. ( general. 62. ffflJ.. • Software Patentability in the United States: A Case Study of Social Policy' , pps. 241- 268 ~J~ifi {!f: W. )tIJ i!1i Ji5j lID ~i !J(·ffi;R;·tt ~ ¥f. ,fIJ E );n 41 rr:J .~~ lU;J ~ , Patentability and Software Patent Protection' , 83¥6}j ,. ~};<. Courts and Diehr ~(r'~ ~.:ttll. 11: ,. pps. 321. 348 61 ). j. Litman mHi ' ~~m~~~3~~@o~~.~~, .~ Copyright, Comprimise, and. History. 72 Cornell Law Review 857,. july. 1987, jes..<;ica D. Litman .w)tIJl't1f~t· ElIY::.L:Crt'·W;fIJ{'l~,':;!ru* ( general revision ) U'':l Tit 0 19621f:ri3' • Learned Hand 19671f=XJ~$. ,. 62 ). 254. ,.

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