ŜၡࢋāAbstract
ώ͛ࢋ੫၆઼γଯજĺّҾ߹̼Ļ۞߆ඉĂᖎ઼̰γд̃ઉ߆ඉ൴ण۞ЧېڶĄࢵА̬ĺّ Ҿ߹̼Ļ۞ቡᄃ̰உĂͽ̈́ᓑЪ઼ٙ೩۞ĺّҾ߹̼۞̃ઉĻ߆ඉߛၹĄତᖎԧ઼ĺ̃ઉ ߆ඉĻ۞טࢎ࿅Ă֭၆ϫ݈̃ઉ߆ඉ೩ᅮࢋԼซ۞ొ̶ĂΒ߁ᅮຍĶᗁᒚ̼ķăĶથݡ̼ķᄃĶᛉ ᗟͅक़ķன෪ćͽ̈́ޙ֏ĂΒ߁ར၁ّҾπඈିֈĂͽ̈́·ᝋ̃ણᄃטࢎઉ߆ඉĂᄃቁ၁ેҖЧ͞९ٕ߆ ඉ۞ّҾᇆᜩෞҤĄThis article based on United Nation ņgender mainstreamingŇ policy to introduce the national (Taiwan) and international situations on the development of women health policy. It started with introducing the history and con-tent of gender mainstreaming, and then listed the related United Nations policies. It also described the develop-ment of woman health policies in Taiwan, and pointed out the flaws in them, i.e medicalization, commercialization, and backlash. In the end, the author provided some suggestions for the gender mainstreaming movement in Taiwan, i.e gender equity education, gender impact analysis, empowerment.
ᙯᔣෟkeywordsĈّҾπඈẵઉ gender equity, women health
Women Health as Example
ૺۖĞέ៉̂ጯ̳ВϠጯੰϠ߆ඉᄃგநࡁտٙઘିăέ៉̂ጯˠ˾ᄃّҾࡁտ͕̃̚ᄃّҾࡁտࡁտ ࣶă̚ර͕நϠםົ૱ચႾְăέΔξᗕࡪࡩםົ૱ચநְğ
Chueh ChangĞAssociate Professor, Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University; Researcher, Division of Women and Gender Research, Population and Gender Studies Center, National Taiwan University; Board Member, Mental Health Association in Taiwan; Board Member, Taipei Twins Associationğ
ŜᓑඛгӬĈέΔξषэྮ17ཱི6ሁ603ވ ŜᓑඛྖĈĞ02ğ3322-8061
Ŝಥă݈֏
Җ߆ੰᝋົٺ2005ѐ11͡18͟൴͛Ă ࢋՐҖ߆ੰЧొົଯજّҾ߹̼၁߉ࢍ ൪ĂΒ߁ّҾຍᙊૈ˧ăᖐГିֈăّҾ ࢍăّҾ̶ژăّҾზăّҾᇆᜩ̶ ژĄࠎ̦ᆃົѣҖજĉֽϤࠎңĉҖ ߆ੰϠཌ઼ϔઉԊд2008ѐ1͡˵д Ϡཌ۞Б઼Җ߆ົᛉĂ೩ᝋົ఼࿅۞ Ķ̃ઉ߆ඉķĂͽ˭ᖎĶّҾ߹̼ķ ᄃ̃ઉ൴ण۞઼̰γېڶĂ֭೩ԧ઼ д̃ઉ൴ण̚ᅮຍĶᗁᒚ̼ķăĶથݡ ̼ķᄃĶᛉᗟͅक़ķன෪ĄŜ෮ăࠎ̦ᆃࢋࢦෛ̃۞ઉ
ĞૺۖĂ2000ğ
ܜഇͽֽĂצז̼͛ᄃטޘ۞ޙϲĂౌ ߏշّጱĂౄј၆ّ̙̃ኢдତצିֈ፟ ົăγѣ࿌౻۞̍ү፟ົĂࠤҌڱޠఢؠ ˯ౌனᚑࢦ۞ّҾڡෛĂೀͼЧ߆ඉౌ ·႕ّҾ۠ăّҾ̙ୂຏăّҾڡෛăّҾ ઐ֍ăّҾ֎ҒגڕО෪Ăઉ߆ඉ˵ּ̙ γĞDoyal, 1997ćBoston Women's Health Book CollectiveĂ2006ğĄܜഇͽֽĂౌߏΪ ͽĶρϠķࠎĂ՟ѣޥ҂Ķّ̃ઉķ ۞ᅮՐĂٙӔன̃ઉ়ٕঽ۞ྤੈߏͯ ߱۞ĂдᎮঽதᄃѪ˸த၆շᄃ̃۞मள˯ ˵ᓁͽշّགྷរࠎăٕᄮؠߏ͇ϠϠۏ˯ ۞ᇆᜩĂଂϏซ˘Վޥ৶ۤົޙၹ̃۞ᗕ ࢦ֎Ғăᗕࢦᇾă၆ّ̃۞̙༊טޘᄃᑅ ࢝ ă ྤ ̙ ֖ ඈ ̖ ߏ ঽ ࣧ Я Ğ ૺ ۖ Ă 2000ćј΄͞Ă2008ğĄۤົԛј၆ّҾ۞ ઐम˵Βӣͽշّࠎࡁտ͕̚ăͽշّགྷរ ࿅ޘᙷଯٺّ̃ඈĂࠤҌᗁᒚಞٙ۞̙̓ චăّᛢᕘĂᗁᒚܲઉڇચր۞ՙؠ͌ ̃۞ણᄃĂ˫Ϊͽᗁᒚሀё൴Ăߏᗁᒚ ߆ඉĂ҃ܧᏉЪّ̃ཌྷ៍ᕇăۤົă͕ நă̼͛ăགྷᑻă߆ڼăᄃϠۏк̮҂ณ۞ ઉ߆ඉĞૺۖăౘ܆ࢁĂ2000ğĄܕ˩ѐ ֽĂд̃ဥវᄃ̃ࡁտጯ۰۞࣍ጱᄃ၁ ᙋ ࡁ տ ˭ Ă ͽ ̈́ ߆ ع ϒ ё ણ ᄃ A P E C ᄃ WTOĂᅮࢋаᑕAPECّ̃ᅳጱˠኢጪ۞ޙ ᛉĂฟؕౙᜈତצҖ߆ੰᝋົ۞ϒёࢋ ՐĂుՎޙϲّҾࢍăซҖّҾ̶ژăన ϲّҾზăଂְّҾᇆᜩෞҤĄّ҃Ҿຍ ᙊૈ˧ಶߏّҾπඈିֈĄ̃ઉ߆ඉ˵ གྷ ። ࿅ ϒ ё ய Ϡ Ą Ğ ᝋ ૄ ܛ ົ Ă 2008ğŜણăّҾ߹̼۞ቡĈ
ĞૺۖăᆒЅăૺළĂ
2004ćUNĂ1998ğ
ᐌ60ѐˠᝋྻજẵྻજ۞ฟ णẴઉྻજд1970ѐܐഇٺለ࡚జ ೩Ăࢋߏѣᝥٺᗁᒚྤੈͽ̈́ᗁᒚ߆ඉ ܜഇͽֽкࠎБࢬజଠטٺշّᝋރጱ۞ ᗁᒚវր̚Ă·႕၆ّ̃ڡෛᄃ๋चĂԛј ၆ّ̃೩̶ֻٕ੨۞ྤܧ૱̙֖Ẵᅮ ࢋ۞͚ր·႕ᕃĂ҃ЯࠎّҾ͔ٙ ۞ᇷ˧યᗟᄃԎෛጱ͕̃ந̙ઉĄҋ ѩĂЧ઼णฟ˘ాҚ۞̃ઉྻજẵ ઉࡁտᄃ̃ઉ߆ඉԼࢭĄҘ̃͞ઉ ྻજ༊ॡ၆ۤົ۞ᇆᜩĂтጯ۰Ruzekд 90ѐ೩ѣĈ˘ăၗޘԼតᄃᆧซᗁঽ ఼Ĉ̃ԼតၗޘĂᄮࠎҋ̎ᑕѣՀк၆ઉ ۞ҋԧଠטĂᄃ̦ۢᆃߏрݡኳ۞ᗁᒚ ᜪĂѩγ˵Լតᗁঽᙯܼć˟ăԼតઉ ڇચវրĈԼតயࡊ۞ཉ࿅Ăтనѣ ֈኝăᑈᄃϓᏐТٗĂ೩ࣲ࣍ᔼϓ ֯Ă˵дщှঽٗ̚ТॡϺ၆ᜪ۰ᙯ͕ćˬ ă ഴ ͌ ᗁ ᒚ វ ր ̚ ۞ ّ Ҿ ڡ ෛ ĞsexismğćαăଠטПᐍᘽۏᄃጡՄć̣ă ֹܳ߆عᛇ၅̃ઉᛉᗟ۞ࢦࢋĞrecog-nize women's health issuesğĈᙒӄࡁտă ົᛉă൴ன̂ிᅮࢋăԛјҖજć̱ẵ ᄃઉ߆ඉ۞טؠĄ ҃ᓑЪ઼˵ЯѩצזБ̃ྻજ۞ᑅ ˧Ăฟؕࢦෛ̃۞ᛉᗟĂপҾࢎؠ1975ѐ ࠎ઼ᅫ̃ѐޢĂ൴னЧѣᙯ̃۞ᛉᗟ дЧ઼ߏયᗟࢦࢦĂᅮࢋՀкѣࢍထ۞ᙯڦ ᄃநĂЯѩᓑЪ઼ᚶᜈٺ1976-1985ѐ೩ Ķ̃˩ѐķࢍ൪Ą кѐֽẴઉ۞ໄهăᛉᗟు႙д ઼ᅫม൴ฟֽĂଂۤົăགྷᑻăϠၗᒖ ဩă߆ڼᒖဩඈЧ࣎ᆸࢬᙯڦ̃ઉĂ҃ ܧ่ࢨٺϠۏᗁጯొܝĂͽፋវّ۞ෛ֎ଣ ̃ઉĄߏБّ۞ᔌ๕ĂЯࠎۤགྷ ߆ڼᄃᗁᒚࡊԫ۞ត̼ĂᇆᜩБˠᙷϠ߿ࠤ Ą̚˫ͽ၆̃ઉ۞ᇆᜩࠎᆐধĂ Яࠎّ̃۞Ϡநপኳ̈́ۤགྷ߆ڼҜཉĂֹ ٽצזگ̈́Ăݒ˫टٽజنரĄ༊ઉ జෛࠎ˘ีࢦࢋˠᝋ̝ᅫâ઼࣎छ၆̃ ઉᝋৈܲᅪ۞ᖚయ˵Я̝ࡎពֽĄ ̃ઉᝋৈצזࢦෛĂצז̃ྻ જẵّᖐّ̈́̃߆ڼણᄃໂ̂۞ᇆᜩĄ ༊઼ᅫ̃ฟؕᖐֽĂੵ˞၆߆གྷăି ֈඈᝋৈ೩ࢋՐγĂϺฟؕᙯ͕ઉ۞ᝋ ৈĄ҃̃۞ઉᛉᗟĂੵ˞ّӮົࢬᓜ ۞ᒖဩѳߖăᑅ˧ă়ঽ֨ڼᗁᒚ࠹ᙯય ᗟγĂՀࢬᓜ̃পѣ۞ઉᛉᗟĂӈϠֈ ઉăّᄃّঽă͕ந়ঽăछलᇷ˧ăઉ Җࠎᅪᘣăᖚຽঽăᜪ۰ઉăͽ̈́̃ ّܜု̼ٙࢬᓜ۞ЧયᗟĄ1995ѐٺΔִ Ρฟௐαب̃̂ົᄃNGÕኢጪॡĂ ൴ன่ѣඉரߏ̙ૉ۞ĂЯѩ᎕ໂ೩12࣎ ҖજჩᅳĞplatform for actionĂPFAğĂĶઉ
ķߏ̚1ีć֭ࢋՐЧ߆عវҖજа ᑕĂՏѐд3͡ᓑЪ઼Ρฟ̃гҜ؎ࣶົॡ ਕѣЧົ઼ࣶ۞ಡӘĂᑭෛЧ઼វ۞Җ જĄ̃ઉజщଵٺ1999ѐኢĞૺۖĂ 2000ğĄ ҃య̃ᛉᗟ۞ᓑЪ઼̃гҜ؎ࣶ ົ࠹༊ᄮৌĂࠎ˞д1999ѐ3͡೩̃ઉ ᛉᗟĂࠤҌд1998ѐ9Ҍ10͡পҾΡฟ छົᛉĞexpert group meetingğĂ೩ͽ Ķ̃ᄃઉĈّҾ៍ᕇࠎ߹ٺઉᅳા ̚ķĞwomen and health: mainstreaming the gender perspective into the health sectorğ ĞUNĂ1998ğĂົ̚ྎᄲځ઼छઉ߆ඉ ۞నࢍ̚ᏉˢّҾ៍ᕇ۞ߛၹĄͽᓑЪ઼ Ķঐੵ˘̷၆̃ᇷ˧ķ̳ࡗᄃঐੵĶّҾ॰ ߛķ˭۞ᇷ˧ĂߏّҾۤົ൴ण۞ૄᖂĄ
ŜདྷăᓑЪ઼೩ĶّҾ߹̼۞
̃ઉķ߆ඉߛၹ
ĶّҾ߹̼ķĞgender mainstreamingğ ֭ܧ˘࣎າ۞ϡෟĂᄃѝഇ̃൴णᄃፋ Ъߏ˘࣎ਔඛĂҭϤಏ৷೩̃ઉĂன дΐˢĶّҾķĂ˵ܑ̙ߏΪಏ৷ኘ̃ય ᗟ҃ཉշّٺְγĂ࣠ژયᗟॡᅮТॡ҂ณ շ̃ᄃయЇćࠤҌৼˢշ̃˘ֽޥ҂֭ ଳҖྋՙ͞ڱĂ˵ܮߏշ̃ВТણᄃ߆ඉՙ ؠăఢထăෞҤĂΒ߁ЧลᆸĂг͞ă̚δ ᄃБĄߏ˘࣎к̮ăкШă̢જ۞࿅Ą ਬᓑЪ઼೩ĶّҾ߹̼۞̃ઉķ ߆ඉߛၹᖎт˭ĈĞૺۖĂ2000ćUNĂ 2002ğ ˘ăᗃ៍هĈңᏜϠநّҾĞsexğă ۤົّҾĞgenderğᄃઉᙯܼ ϠநّҾ۞ߏϠۏϠநᇆᜩઉᄃ়ঽĂּт̃ЯপঅϠതᄃϠֈΑਕĂᅮ ࢋѣՀкܲઉᄃᗁᒚྤ۞Ξّ̈́ăΞܕ ّă̓චّĂдઉ˯۞᜕Ăͽ̈́ЯϠത ٕϠֈጱ֗វ۞়ঽĂౌᇆᜩّ̃Ϡ߿ݡ ኳĂౌᅮࢋপঅᙯڦĄ ۤົّҾ۞ߏۤົޙၹԛј၆ّ̃۞ ଵϋᄃڡෛĂࠤҌ՟ѣྤ۞ன෪Ąּтֽ ҋЧטޘăགྷᑻăछलăۤડඈ۞̶̍Ă ّ̃ፉࢦЇݒ՟ѣ͚ྤĂࠤҌۤົ̙ ̳πன෪ᄃّҾԎෛă၆͕̃֗ઉᇆᜩ ࠤĄ ّҾ̙πඈ၆̃ઉ۞ᇆᜩߏᇷ˧ă ᗓăنෛᄃઐ֍ԛј̃֗ă͕̙ઉĄ ّ҃Ҿ̙πඈ၆շّઉ۞ᇆᜩߏຍγְ Іăᇷ˧Җࠎă్੧ඈ၆շّ๋͕֗चĄ ˟ăઉڇચ̚۞ّҾઐम ೩ֻ۞ᗁᒚڇચ࿅ٺࢦෛϠۏᗁጯĂͷ ͌၆ّ̃ᅮࢋ۞ࢦෛĂࢦڼᒚᅅ֨ĂӔ னజજඈޞĂయ౯צच۰Ğّ̃ğ۞᜕ր Ąּтᗁੰ၆ޞϏ۰ࡊᑭߤԸͽᅑෛ ீЍĂᄮࠎΞਕѣϏّҖࠎඈ៍هĂٕ ߏᗁᒚˠّࣶᛢᕘă෧ᒚಞٙᔳռඈય ᗟĄ ˬăّҾπඈયᗟৼˢܲઉࡁտ۞ ߹ Бᄻᒢྋăෞณ̃ઉẵৼˢ Ϡۏᗁጯࡁտ̚ăᕖ̂ઉᅳાࡁտ۞ᅳા Ɲጯܝม۞Ъүᄃ̢જă྿זБˠઉĄՏ ˘࣎ࡁտౌᅮ҂ณ̃ޅٕ̃۞ᅮՐĂۤ ົޙၹጱ۞ઉᛉᗟĂ̙Г˘ὺϡշّࠎ ࡁտ၆෪ֽଯኢّ̃Ą αăّҾ̶ژᄃّҾπඈᛉᗟৼˢ೩ ֻઉڇચᄃ᜕វր۞߹ ᆧΐ߆عƝ߆ڼ۞ᙯ̷ᄃຍᙸăޙၹّ Ҿୂຏ۞ෞณᅮՐෞҤăઉࢍ൪࿅̚ΐ ˢّҾᛉᗟĂЧгડཏ̃ણᄃă൴णّ Ҿࢍ൪۞ߛၹăᆧૻّҾୂຏ۞ڇચਕ˧ă ΞያّăႾീᄃෞҤĄ ̣ăྭొܝ۞ّҾπඈᄃઉ ̙ΪϠొܝĂିֈă̰߆ăΦڱăགྷ ᑻă౻જăᒖဩăາჷඈొܝౌᑕ҂ณّҾ πඈ៍ᕇĂͽםአ၆̃ઉ۞߄ጼᄃܲ ᅪĄּтّҾᇷ˧ăᗖӿયᗟăᒖဩઉă ᖚຽϠăۤડܲઉăಫវކ็ᄃ֨Ą ̱ăّҾ̶ژৼˢ߆ඉ۞ߛၹĂ̚ ѣ4ᕇ͞ёᅮᗃ Ğ˘ğّҾّ̼̚Ğgender neutralityğ ధкˠᄮࠎΪࢋд߆ඉ̚၆շ̃˘ෛТ ̥ĂӈࠎّҾπඈĂঅ̙ۢෛٺۤົ ޙၹԛј۞ّҾमளĂְ၁˯ߏ˘نரّ Ҿ̙ТᅮՐ۞҂ณᄃࢦ۞ّҾ۠Ą Ğ˟ğّҾপঅ̼Ğgender specificityğ ۤົޙၹౄјّ̃۞̙ӀဩĂЯѩᅮ ࢋטࢎপؠ۞̳В߆ඉĂҭᅮڦຍ၆ّ̃۞ ࿅ޘ᜕ܲߏӎ҃ͅົࢨטّ̃൴णĂᅮࢋ̙ ᕝᑭෛĄ ĞˬğّҾπඈ Ğgender equalityğ ̙ߏ࠹ТಶΨઇπඈĂ˵ܧԆБ˘ᇹ၆ ޞĄπඈ۞ߏĈගշ̃࠹Т፟ົણᄃଠ טۤົְચᄃྤ۞ᒔĄ઼࡚ྵϡѩЩ ෟĄमளĞdifferenceğѣॡ۞ቁхдĂࢋ ˵дᒢྋֱࣹߏΞᔖҺ۞Ă՟ѣ๋च۞Ą ĞαğّҾ̳πĞgender equityğ ̳πߏ̳ϒᄃπඈĄ۞ߏ੫၆շ̙̃ ТᅮՐٙ೩ֻЪநĞfairnessğ۞၆ޞĄѩγ ༊ޙϲ˘࣎၆ۤົ˯ऴ๕̃ਕజ̳π၆ޞ ۞ᇾĄಶࣖநăᇇăͽ̈́ᐹКଐԛĂ
ࢋߏᅮࢋѣّ̃ຍᙊĄࡻ઼ྵϡѩЩ ෟĄϫ݈πඈᄃ̳πགྷ૱ЪֹϡĂბෛд ઼֤࣎छٕгડĄ
˛ăેҖّҾ߹̼۞̍
ĞWomen's Health Bureau Health
CanadaĂ2003ćMarch, Symth, MukhopahyayĂ1999ćWHOĂ 2005, 2007ćWHO შ৭ğ Ğ˘ğّҾࢍ ӈડ̶շّ̃Ҿ۞ࢍྤफ़ĂͽЧҾ ܑշّᄃّ̃ăշޅᄃ̃ޅ۞̙ТྤੈĄّ Ҿࢍྤफ़ͅߍّ̃̈́շّдۤົ۞ٙѣ ᆸࢬ̚۞֎Ғă၁ᅫېڶă˘ਠ៍ه̈́͞ ڱĂּтշ̙̃Т۞Ꭾঽதă൴ϠதăѪ˸ தăֹϡᗁᒚٕܲઉڇચېڶඈĄ Ğ˟ğّҾ̶ژ ಶߏ˯ّҾડ̶۞ࢍĂΐ˯ۤົ ޙၹЯ৵тᙊфᄃିֈͪπăЋຽٙѣᝋă ಶຽăᓟྤमளăߏӎצᇬዳă˿гጾѣ ۰ăഠܫϡăๅચĄ˞ྋ֭ᄮۢշّᄃ ّ̃Ϡ߿˯۞मளĂͽ̈́хдٺّ̝̃ม۞ кᇹ̼ĂϺӈхдٺЧགྷᑻវٕۤડ̰གྷ ᑻăۤົă̼͛ăᒖဩăᖐ߆ڼඕၹ̝ ˭Ăсࣇ۞̙ТᒖဩăయЇăۤົᙯܼг Ҝඈྤफ़ĂซҖّҾ̶ژĂͽᒢྋઉ൴Ϡ યᗟٕઉڇચΞّ̈́۞ᅪᘣЯ৵Ąߏӎֽ ҋۤົ˯۞טޘٕ̼͛˯۞៍هĂጱշ̃ дֹϡ˯۞मளĂٕᜪ̍ү˯۞ᚥݒజ نෛඈன෪ĂࠤҌ˵ΞਕӸच߆ඉ۞ѣड़൴ णĄགྷϤ̶ژΞᆧΐշّᄃّ̃ѣπඈ፟ົ ᄃણᄃĂͽ̈́ྤ۞၆ඈ೩ֻĂਕԼតّҾ ᙯܼĄ ĞˬğّҾᇆᜩෞҤ ߏӀϡّҾࢍᄃّҾ̶ژĂՀซ˘ ՎᒢྋĂдఢထ˘࣎͞९ٕ߆ඉॡĂߏӎѣ ৼˢշ̃۞ણᄃЧҾ̙ТᅮՐ۞҂ณĂд ߆ඉٕ͞९ેҖॡĂ˵ਕڦຍ࿅ෞҤĂԱ շّّ̃۞̙ТဩᄃᑝĂΒ߁ॡม ۞តજĂ̟֭ͽᖸĂ೩ЯᑕְІ̝Ă Աયᗟ֭ΐͽؠཌྷĂ൴णᏴፄ͞९Ă֭Ᏼ ၆շّّ̃ѣड़ѣӀ۞͞९ĄͽՀ ̳π۞͞ё̶੨ྤ̍үĂෞҤႾീ̙ ТّҾ۞ඕڍඕኢĂᖣϤᇾٕؠഇྤफ़ ̝ۍΏۏĂពϯ̝̃ซणٕͣĄ࿅ ّҾડ̝ࢍྤफ़۞ᄓะᄃྻϡĂΒ߁ ኳ̼ᄃณ̼۞͞ёĂ၆ّ̃շّயϠ̙Т ᇆᜩ۞ଐԛ̈́ࣧЯĂซҖͧྵćّҾ̝҂ ณৼˢ߆ඉ۞ఢထăనࢍăેҖෞҤ࿅ ĄдWHOĂ2004ѐ̏གྷѣ118઼೩̃ ߆ඉ۞ར၁ଐڶගWHOෞᝥĄҭߏߏӎЪ ৌϒ̃۞ᅮՐĂᔘѣޞ៍၅Ą ᄃέ៉Тᛳ۞WHOҘ͉π߶гડĂд 2000ѐ˵೩Ч઼д̃ઉᛉᗟ۞̰உт Ğܑ1ğĄ
ŜЁăԧ઼າۍĶ̃ઉ߆ඉķ
טࢎ࿅
ϫ݈ԧ઼၆̃ઉᛉᗟ۞ࢦෛĂ࿅Ν кΗߏΪࢦෛĶρϠķĂ֭Ϗ̃ઉ ϲٺᑈρᜪĂۡז1990ѐฟؕĂέ̂ ̃ࡁտވᄃϔมྻဥវĂฟؕ೩ࢦෛ ̃ ઉ ۞ ࣍ ጱ Ğ έ ̂ ̃ ࡁ տ ވ Ă 1990ğćΩ͞ࢬЯࠎԧ઼ҋ1973ѐ̏ੜᓑ Ъ઼۞ົࣶĂЯѩྵᄃ͵ࠧЧ઼ВТ൴ण௲ ᗓĂ၆1976-1985ᓑЪ઼೩۞Ķ̃˩ ѐķĂࢋՐЧ઼Νᑭෛֱࣹг͞نෛ̃ᝋ ৈă֭ᅮ᎕ໂଯજ̃۞࠹ᙯ̍үॡĂԧ ઼ߏय۞ćҭߏЯࠎд1987ѐБ઼ྋᚑ ޢĂԧ઼ϔྻજᄃ̃ྻજ۞ฟणĂ͍ ̃ࡁտጯ۰ᄃਨॲ̃ྻજဥវ۞Ӆ˧Ăд1995ѐߏ˘֧࣎༫Ă̙ΪጯఙಏҜтέ ̂̃ࡁտވᓝᏱĶέ៉̃ࡁտ˩ѐĈ ̃ઉˠᝋ۞аᜪᄃण୕ķĞૺۖĂ1995ğĂ ϔมဥវт̃ጯົ˵ᓝᏱĶ̃ဩϨϩ३ķ ົᛉĂᑭෛ̃ဩĂઉߏ̚˘ᒖĞᆒ ЅĂ1995ğĂТॡે߆ᛨ۞̃ᛨဥ˵ฟ ؕࢦෛĂ˵д1995ѐϤ઼ϔᛨ̍ົΡฟ Ķ̃߆ඉϨϩ३ķĂВѣ7ѨࡁົĂ̝̚ ˘ಶߏĶ̃ઉ߆ඉϨϩ३ķĞࡧρᇊĂ 1995ğćᔵ၁ኳ၆߆عନ߉إϏ֍͉̂ᇆ ᜩĂҭдႬޢ።གྷ1998ѐΔξξܜᏴ ᓝă2000ѐᓁᏴᓝඈĂౌฟؕдᏴᓝ߆ ֍३̚೩̃࠹ᙯᝋৈĂ҃ઉ˵д ̚Ąۡז1997ѐҖ߆ੰᝋົјϲޢĂ၆Ч ߆ع፟ၹࢋՐ۞ඕڍĂֹܳϠཌд2000ѐ ೩ԧ઼۞ĺ̃ઉ߆ඉĻĂҭߏ༊ॡߏ Чߊѣຽચઇ˘ຉፋĂჍ̝ࠎ߆ඉĂ̰ टᄃેҖѣໂ̂႒ᅮᑭෛᄃ࣒ϒĂᔵͽϠ ฉഇ൴ࠎஉᄏࢬĂҭ̰टݒ̪݀ࢨд ়ঽጱШĂͷّ͌ҾෛăّҾડ̝ᅮ ՐăّҾ̶ژĂͽّ̈́ҾᇆᜩෞҤĞૺۖă ౘ܆ࢁĂ2000ğĄ˵Яࠎ̃ࡁտጯ۰ᄃ ྻဥវ۞̙ᕝײ៰Ăͽ၁ᙋӔனᅮࢋĂΐ˯ ᝋົ۞ࢋՐĂ֭೩ჩᅳĂ҃ѣௐ2گĶ ̃ઉ߆ඉķ࣒ࢎĞ઼ઉԊĂ2008ğĄдϒ ёᖐ˯ĂҖ߆ੰϠཌ઼ϔઉԊд 2001ѐ7͡ٺϠཌԼޢјϲĂপҾд ρ̈́ᐹϠܲઉ˭۞ௐ1ࡊ̝ᖚೠ̚ϒёৼ ˢĺ̃ઉ߆ඉ̈́̃ᝋৈܳซĻĂТॡ˵ యĺ̃ઉଯજ̈ĻĂϒёѣ˾аᑕ Җ߆ੰ̃ᝋৈܳซ؎ࣶົ۞ࢋՐĂֽࢦෛ ̃ઉ۞ᝋৈĂҭϤٺ༊ॡેҖ۰ྵ͌ ĶّҾ߹̼ķ۞៍هĂໄهإϏࡎρ Ϡ۞ॾԊĞૺۖĂ2003ğĄۡז2003ѐĂ ᝋ؎ࣶົࢋՐ̚δЧొົనϲّҾᓑඛˠĂ ֭ٺ2005ѐϒёҖ͛ЧొົĂซҖّҾ߹ ̼̍үĂϫ݈̚δЧొົშ৭˯ĂౌΞͽ֍ זѣᛳّҾ˘ีĂΒ߁ّҾࢍĂٕ࠹ᙯ ࡁտăନ߉ă͞९ඈĄϠཌ۞ّҾᓑඛˠ ߏͽ઼ઉԊࠎĄ ĞWHO WPROĂ2001ğ
ܑ1 Ҙ͉π߶Ч઼д˼ᒩѐ೩̃ઉ߆ඉᛉᗟĞᜈğ
̃ࡁտጯ۰ѝд1990ѐಶฟؕײ៰Ă ᅮࢋѣ̃ઉ۞߆ඉĂ˵ౙᜈฟؕ၁ᙋࡁ տӔனᅮՐᄃࢦࢋّĂૺۖАд2000ѐણ ᄃ៍ᇝᓑЪ઼̃гҜ؎ࣶົགྷរ೩ĶБ ̼ᔌ๕ᄃ̃ઉķ۞៍هĂତૺۖᄃ ౘ܆ࢁ೩၆Ķέ៉̃ઉ߆ඉ۞ّҾ̶ ژķĂТॡϦኛϠཌࢍ൪णฟĶ̃ઉܳ ซᄃ᜕ܲନ߉አߤࡁտķĂ͔ซѦځࡶ̃ઉ ߆ඉ઼ᅫநهᄃ͞ёĞѦځࡶĂ2005ğĂ ᅮՐෞҤᄃല͉රጳౢ۞ૄώჟৠĂ˵Ꮙˢ д2002-2004ĂШ઼ࡊົ೩ፋЪݭࡁտࢍ ൪̚Ăѣᙯ̃ઉયᗟᄃϖᜈ൴णඉர ĞૺۖăӕӾăౘ܆ࢁăषᇊऍăૺළă ఄݻĂ2005ğĂଂౌົăฏՅăҁѐăᖚ ಞăࣧҝϔඈࢬШଣ઼ᅫ൴णĂᄃ઼̰ొ Тཏវ۞̃ઉᅮՐĄϫ۞ౌдԓ୕ͽ၁ ᙋ͞ёឰ߆ع࠻זࢦࢋّĂ˵ᑒ߆ع౯ рĂ༊ᅮࢋҖજॡΞͽѣֶٙፂĄ ϔมဥវଯજ̃ઉ˧۞ߏέ៉ ̃ˠాቢĂଂ1998ѐฟؕĂдՏѐ5͡28 ͟ ͵ࠧ̃ઉ͟ĂᓝᏱ̃ઉҖજົᛉĂ Ҍ 2 0 0 7 ѐ ̏ གྷ 1 0 ѐ Ğ Ξ Ϥ შ ৭ ˯ www.twh.org.tw/ĂҖજƝ߿જ ีϫᒢྋğĄ ѩγĂᜈ၆̃ઉ߆ඉ೩ҖજԼࢭĂ ࠤҌ൴ˠเࡻ̃̀ણᄃ߆ڼјࠎϲڱ؎ ࣶĂࠎ̃ઉ߆ඉд઼ົԯᙯĄд̃ઉ ߆ඉԛј።̚Ăέ៉̃ˠాቢٚତ઼ઉ Ԋ؎Ăд̃ઉ߆ඉ۞ᛉᗟᐹАᏴፄ ˯ĂซҖ̶ડळኘົĂଵϤّ̃೩۞ઉ ᛉᗟĞเࡻĂ2005ğĄ ઼҃ઉԊд2008ѐܐĂტЪЧࡁտඕ ڍĂ೩࣒ࢎ3ѐ۞Ķ̃ઉ߆ඉķາۍܐ ቇĂͽઉܳซ۞நهĂല͉රጳౢჩᅳ೩ ඉரĞઉ۞߆ඉă͚۞ᒖဩăВТણ ᄃ۞ۤડăૻ̼۞࣎ˠԫਕăЯᑕԼච۞ઉ ڇચğĂᏉЪϤ̃൴ᓏ೩۞ᐹАᛉᗟ ĞเࡻĂ2005ğĂͽ̈́ტЪ઼ᅫ൴णԈ៍۞ ̰टĂјࠎϫ݈̃ઉ߆ඉ۞̂ჩĞ઼ઉ ԊĂ2008ğĞܑ2ğĄ
ܑ2 ઼ઉԊ൴ण۞̃ઉ߆ඉ̂ჩ
Ğ઼ઉԊĂ2008ğŜౙẵઉ߆ඉ۞ᔳᇎ
Ҙ͉π߶гડЧ઼೩дଯण̃ઉ ࿅ ѣ ќ ᘥ ă ߄ ጼ ᄃ ᅪ ᘣ Ğ W H O WPROĂ2001ğĞܑ3ğćͽώ͛ү۰ϲಞ̶ ژĂдԧ઼ќᘥߏֽҋ̃ᅮՐ۞Ķ̃ ઉ߆ඉķ۞ӔனĂ߄ጼߏĶّҾ߹̼ķ ۞ར၁Ăᅪᘣߏᚑࢦ۞Ķᗁᒚ̼ķăĶથݡ ̼ķăĶᛉᗟͅक़ķඈયᗟĄ Ҙ͉π߶઼छ೩ז۞ᅪᘣĂдགྷăˠ ˧ᄃۏ˧Ăҭߏ˵ѣۤົ៍هĂѣಶߏۤົ ޙၹ၆ّ̃۞ၗޘࢨטĂέ៉̙ΪѣТ ଐԛĂᔘѣՀк۞Ķᗁᒚ̼ķăĶથݡ̼ķă Ķᛉᗟͅक़ķඈયᗟĄּтдĶᗁᒚ̼ķ͞ ࢬĂՀѐഇࣧώߏҋ።Ăͷշ̃ౌѣĂ тܦߋഇ˘ਠĂҭߏܕ˩кѐֽݒĶઃགྷ ഇķ࠻јߏ˘̷়ঽֽ̝Ă՟ѣ೩ֻ̃ ՀкܲઉྤੈĂ҃ͅͽΪૻአֹϡᘽۏĂܑ3 Ҙ͉π߶Ч઼၆̃ઉଯજ۞ќᘥă߄ጼ돠ᘣ
ĞWHO WPROĂ2001ğ၁ ᘽ ۏ ົ ጱ າ ۞ ় ঽ Ğ Ⴭ ̝ ࠎ Ķ ᗁ ঽķğĂд2002ѐ઼઼࡚छϠࡁտੰ൴Ҷෲ Ⴌᄋ۞ֹϡѣࢨטᄃঽࢲᐍĂᑕᙋέ៉ ̃ࡁտᄃ̃ဥវ࣍ጱ۞ϒቁّĂ˵̖ܳ ઼ֹઉԊଳҖՀѐഇ̃ઉ߆ඉĞૺۖĂ 2003ğĄТᇹĶᗁᒚ̼ķયᗟĂᔘΒ߁࣠ཛ யăࣲᔼͱηẵّᇎăགྷ݈া࣏ཏă நθϓඈĞૺۖăᆒЅăૺළĂ2004ć ј΄͞Ă2008ğĂࠤҌܕֽдײ៰ଯજˠᙷ ֯ࡎঽ߲ࠪࡺĂ̙ࢦෛѝഇ֨۞ّିֈٕ ܲᐍइĂّٕঽ֨ڼĂ҃ͅΐኜّ̃Ăခ ᐽତצࠪࡺڦडĂᔘ࡚ЩჍ̝ࠎ̄झᐚᒛ ࠪࡺĂ၁ᑕྍБࢬซҖշّˠᙷ֯ࡎঽ߲ ᑭീĂٕߏт፫߷ඈ઼ခᐽշّତצࠪࡺĂ ̙҃ߏ˘ߎࢋՐّ̃ࠪࡺڦडĂ၁ޝкྤ ੈ̙֭Ăܜഇ၆ઉᇆᜩ˵ᔘޞᗃĄ ࡶ̄झᐚᒛ۞யϠĂΗֽҋّঽຏߖĂᑕ ྍ᎕ໂᎡᑭշّĂّ֨ঽĂ҃ܧࢋՐّ̃ ڦडࠪࡺĂͷϫ݈ࠪࡺஉᄏ۞ঽ߲Ϊஉᄏ˘ Ѻк۞αঽ߲҃̏Ă̙ਕፉܲΞͽБࢬ ֨Ă҃ͷᔘѣѺ̶̝50۞፟தᎮଈᙷ Ҿ۞ঽ߲ຏߖĂ၆ٙѣّ̃҃֏Ăᔘߏᅮࢋ ؠഇઇ̄झᐚ٠ͯĂТᇹ܅Ꭱᑭགྷ՟ѣ ഴ͌ĄࠪࡺĂϡдϏฟ൴઼छĂϔி ڱѣؠഇ٠ͯᗁᒚܲઉ፟ົĂ҃̏ฟ൴઼छ آ̈́֨ҖࠎĄѩγĂѩࠪࡺࢋՐّ̃ дᔘ՟ѣ൴ϠّҖࠎ݈߉χĂྵਕѣԩវய ϠĂҭߏϫ݈اాّ̍ү۰ౌခᐽсࣇ߉ χĂ˵Ϗ֍АซҖࠪࡺঽ߲۞ᑭീĂࡶ̏ѣ ԩវॲώ̙ᅮࢋГ߉χĂࠎથݡ̼۞જ፟ ᅮࢋజኳႷĂྤੈ۞̙Әۢ˵ᅮజ߄ ጼĄѩγܜड़ଐԛᔘ̙Ă5ѐޢᔘࢋГ ΐĂଐڶ˭ࠎңࢋ߉χĉ၁շّߏ ࢋ็ߖĂݒ̙၆շّүˠᙷ֯ࡎঽ߲ ۞ᎡᑭĂឰّҡܴۢΞਕࢲᐍĂ̖ߏ ڼώ͞ڱĂϫ݈৸Ҙᜋᄃ፫߷၆շّ೩ֻѩ ࠪࡺڦडĂӎ՟ѣщБ۞Ķّķ᜕ܲନ ߉ĂΪಏ৷ᄱጱّ̃Ăͽࠎ߉χޢಶ̙ົᎮ ଈ̄झᐚᒛĂ̙ಀߏ͇͞؆ᙌĄ઼छࡶᑒ ӄᘽᇄ̂ณଯᇃĂϏֽࢋϡז઼ኪĂౌᅮᆶ ຕ҂ณĄ Ķથݡ̼ķ͞ࢬĂ̙ኢߏĶઉࢴݡķă Ķፋԛ֗ķĂĶᖜҕķඈඈϫ݈ཉˢݭҖ ዚٕᇃӘޝ࿆Ă߆عᅮ҂ณΐૻّ̃ಫវ ᙊਕ˧Ă֭·̶೩ֻЧጱ๋च۞Ꮩྙ შඛ̖၆Ą҃дĶᛉᗟͅक़ķ͞ࢬĂͽϫ݈ జۋᛉĶˠ̍߹யķࢋ࣒ڱĂຐࢋд୧͛̚ ᆧΐૻט̃ѣ3͇ޥ҂ഇ۞̙༊Ķͭᝋķ៍ هĂ၁̃ࠧ˵̙ᙒјĶˠ̍߹யķ༊ јߏᔖθ͞ڱ۞˘Ă҃̃˘ό൴னᘃ θĂϲגົᄃ੨ઊથณĂซҖͤθҖજߏ̙ ̏Ă̙֭ᅮࢋдΝᗁर෧ٙॡ̖˫ࢋఢؠ3 ͇ޥ҂Ăٙѣّ̃ౌ༊јĶۢķĂ̙ᅮࢋ ˘ؠࢋѣ੨ઊТຍ३ĂЯࠎाຑ͈؍ࣧώಶ ົથณĂᇷ˧۞͈؍Ăથณ˵ߏᇷ˧၆ޞ ڱྋՙયᗟćѩγĂϫ݈؟ି̬ࠧˢĂχ ٢ൕߏ၆ϏјѐٕϏᘃθ۰Ă၁ߏሀቘ ൏ᕇĂ؟ିࠧΞͽΝఢቑࣇ۞ܫிĂݒ՟ ѣυࢋͽڱఢࡗՁٙѣ۞̃ĂҖࠎᄃࡦ ޢͭᝋޥ҂ਔඛᅮࢋၔغᑭĂӎ̙ಏ՟ ѣᆧซ̃ઉĂΞਕᔘனາ๋चĂؼᄱ ಶᗁĂតјϤᗁᒚౄј۞ĶᗁঽķĄԧࣇᅮ ࢋ۞ߏనĶϠֈܲઉ͕̚ķ̖၆Ą
Ŝ߭ăϏֽҖજᄃण୕
̃ࡁտᄃ̃ઉĂдጯఙ˯ᛳາᎸ ᅳાĂд၁ચ˯Հߏܜ˳జنෛĄϫ݈Яࠎ ߆ع᎕ໂଯજĶّҾ߹̼ķ̍үĂާᅮࢋ ѣՀкˠ۞ԸˢĂ̙Ϊдିጯିڱ˯Ă၆Ч ઉྤੈื೩ֻٽᑖ۞ੈिĂឰ̃ࠎҋ ̎ઉԯᙯᄃӅ˧ć˵ᅮࢋՀкˠ˧Ըˢд̃ઉ˯ซҖّҾᇆᜩෞҤĂдٙѣ߆ඉ טࢎ࿅ĂٕጯఙࡁտĂౌਕѣّҾ៍ᕇĂ ᄃّҾࢍ̶ژĂᒢྋ߆ඉଯҖ၆շّ̃ ّ۞ᇆᜩࠎңẴّߏӎৌਕצĄͽّҾ πඈ۞ໄهĂଂۤົޙၹّҾԱጱ၆ઉ ۞๋चٕд়ঽڼᒚ˯۞نෛĂࠤҌᗁঽ ఼˯۞ّҾ۠Ăౌߏ˘࣎ϔ൴ण۞઼ छᅮࢋજᄃ᎕ໂΝᑭෛăࡁ҂ă༛ጱĂ၆ ۤົ൴णԾᙯࢦࢋĄ
Ŝણ҂͛ᚥ
˘ă͛̚ొ̶ 1.ѦځࡶẴ઼̚ઉܳซĈͽᅮՐෞҤז߆ඉ൴णĂΔִĈ઼ۤ̚ົĂ2005Ą 2.έ̂̃ࡁտވẴᄃઉጯఙࡁົኢ͛ะĂέΔĈέ̂̃ࡁտވĂ1990Ą 3.ј΄͞ĂᗁᒚᄃۤົВᄅĂέΔĈཏጯĂ2008Ą 4.ࡧρᇊẴઉ߆ඉĈ઼छ̃߆ඉϨϩ३ĂέΔĈ઼઼̚ϔᛨ̚δ̍ົĂ1995Ą 5.ૺۖẴᄃઉĂќᐂٺĺ̃ࡁտ˩ѐů̃ˠᝋ۞аᜪᄃण୕ࡁົኢ͛ะĻĂέΔĈέ៉̂ጯˠ˾ࡁտ̚ ͕̃ࡁտވĂ1995Ą 6.ૺۖĂБ̼ᔌ๕ᄃ̃ઉĂ̚රᄫĂ19Ğ1ğĂ5-9Ă2000Ą 7.ૺۖĂՀѐഇ̃ઉߏ̳ВϠ߆ඉᛉᗟĂέ៉ᄫĂ22(4)Ă245-250Ă2003Ą 8.ૺۖẴઉ۞઼ᅫᔌ๕ĂࡁᓂፖĂέΔĈέ̂̃ࡁտވĂ2007Ą 9.ૺۖăӕӾăౘ܆ࢁăૺළăఄݻăषᇊऍĂ઼ࡊົࢍ൪Ĉᇆᜩ̃ઉ۞યᗟᄃϖᜈ൴णඉரĂ2004ă 2005Ą 10.ૺۖăૺළẴઉᄃᗁᒚ̼ĈͽՀѐഇ/ઃགྷഇࠎּẴᄃّጯΏĂ9Ă145-185Ă1998Ą 11.ૺۖăౘ܆ࢁĂέ៉̃ઉ߆ඉ۞ّҾ̶ژĂ̚රᄫĂ19Ğ1ğĂ366-380Ă2000 12.ૺۖăౘ܆ࢁăૺළăధჅࠞăૺࢢڟẴઉܳซᄃ᜕ܲନ߉አߤࡁտĂέΔĈҖ߆ੰϠཌĂ2001Ą 13.ૺۖăᆒЅăૺළẴઉგநĂέΔĈ۩̂Ă2004Ą 14.ᆒЅĂ઼छ߆ඉ̝˭۞ّ̃֗វĄᆒ໓սበĂέ៉̃ဩϨϩ३ĄέΔĈّ̃ጯጯົĂ1995Ą 15.઼ϔઉԊẴઉ߆ඉĂέΔĈҖ߆ੰϠཌБ઼ϠҖ߆ົᛉົᛉ͘ΊĂ141-169Ă2007Ą 16.เࡻăᆒЅĂఢထ̃ઉ߆ඉęטࢎ̃ઉ߆ඉᇾĂέ៉̃ˠాቢјڍಡӘĄέΔĈ઼ϔઉԊĂ 2005Ą 16.ᝋૄܛົĂέ៉̃ѐᝥĂέΔĈੑဥڱˠ̃ᝋৈܳซ൴णૄܛĂ2007Ą ˟ăࡻ͛ొ̶1.Boston, The New Our Bodies, Our Selves. Women's Health Book Collective. (4th ed). NY: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
2.Doyal, L. What Makes Women Sick. NJ: Rutgers University, 1997.
3.March, C., Symth, I., Mukhopahyay, M. A Guide to Gender-Analysis Frameworks. Oxfam, 1999. 4.United Nation. Platform for Action and the Beijing Declaration. NY: UN 1996.
5.United Nations. Women and health Mainstreaming the Gender Perspective into the Health Sector. Expert Group
Meeting Report. Tunis, Tunisia, 28 Sep-2 Oct, 1998.
6.United Nations. Gender Mainstreaming: An Overview. NY, 2002.
7.WHO Integrating Gender Analysis and Action into the Work of WHO: draft strategies. World Health Assembly, 23 May 2007.
8.Gender and Women's Health (GWH), WHO Family and community health: Annual progress report on
achievements in the year 2000 , Geneva:WHO, 2001.
10.WHO WPRO Women's Health: Western Pacific Region. Geneva: WHO, 2001. 11.WHÕઉშ৭http://www.who.int/topics/womens_health/en/
12.WHO Gender, women nd health: incorporating a gender perspective into the mainstream of WHO's
poli-cies and programmes. Executive Board, 116th session EB116/13, 2005.
13.Women's Health Bureau Health Canada. Exploring Concepts of Gender and Health. H21-216/2003E-IN. Minister of Health, Canada, 2003.
