電場對PVDF及其聚摻物的高階結構形成之影響

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(1)國立交通大學機械工程研究所碩士論文. 電場對 PVDF 及其聚摻物的高階結構形成之影響 Effect of electric field on the morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its blends. 研究生：任禮源指導教授：陳仁浩博士. 中華民國九十三年六月.

(2) 電場對 PVDF 及其聚摻物的高階結構形成之影響 Effect of electric field on the morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its blends. 研究生：任禮源. Student：Li-Yuan Jen. 指導教授：陳仁浩. Advisor：Ren-Haw Chen. 國立交通大學機械工程研究所碩士論文. A Thesis Submitted to Institute of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering National Chiao Tung University in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering June 2004 Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China. 中華民國九十三年六月.

(3) 電場對 PVDF 及其聚摻物的高階結構形成之影響. 研究生：任禮源. 指導教授：陳仁浩博士. 國立交通大學機械工程學系碩士班. 摘要. 塑膠混練及成形製品的性質與品質取決於材料內部的高階結構，而在一般加工中高階結構主要受到溫度與剪應力的影響。近年來外場效應對高分子高階結構影響之研究也逐漸受到重視，而這些外場所引起的特殊結構往往是一般加工中所無法達到的，也為塑膠製品帶來更多的附加價值。本研究探討電場對 PVDF 及其聚摻物高階結構形成之影響，在 PVDF 等溫結晶過程中，電場會使成核所需自由能降低，增加成核率，使形成的球晶變小，且得到之結晶度會增加。而在非等溫結晶過程中，電場對球晶的大小影響不大，但會使結晶分佈較密。在 PVDF/PP 及 PVDF/ABS 的混練材料中，當電場達 500V/mm 以上會出現沿著電場方向的配向結構。在 PVDF/PMMA 中則是會出現樹狀分支結構，而電場會使這結構變得較細較淺甚至不明顯。. I.

(4) Effect of electric field on the morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its blends. Student：Li-Yuan Jen. Advisor：Dr. Ren-Haw Chen. Institute of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao Tung University. Abstract. The qualities and material properties of plastic products and polymer blends are associated with their morphologies. In common processes, temperature history and shear stress dominate the morphologies of materials. However, the researches about the effects of other field on the morphology of polymer have been increasing in recent years. The structures induced by these fields can’t be usually obtained only by temperature and stress control but make plastic products more added value. The morphologies of PVDF and its blends in the electric field had been studied. When PVDF was crystallized isothermally, applied electric field made free energy of formation of nucleus reduced and the nucleation rate was enhanced. This resulted in smaller spherulites and higher crystallinity. For nonisothermal crystallization, electric field had little effect on size of spherulite, but higher density of spherulites was obtained. In PVDF/PP and PVDF/ABS blends the structures oriented to electric field were observed as electric field was above 500V/mm. Dendriform structure was observed in PVDF/PMMA blend without electric field, but this structure got thinner and less depth or disappeared with electric field presence.. II.

(5) 致謝在這兩年的研究所生活中，首先要感謝陳仁浩老師對於研究上的指導，使我對於研究態度與方法上有新的體認，著實獲益良多。再來要感謝研究室的眾伙伴們，感謝安誠學長及明初學長在實驗裝置設計上的指導與幫助、儀器操作的訓練與協助、和研究上的討論，也感謝當了六年同學的志軒與承德，在學業上互相的切磋與勉勵，還有濬賢、坤宏、訓國學弟們在實驗上的幫忙及生活上的陪伴。此外也感謝父母的長期的栽培與支持，使我能夠順利畢業。還有其他關心我的親朋好友，在此也一併致謝。最後，感謝神讓我遇到好的老師與同伴，與大家共渡的歡樂時光，將是我美好的回憶，願神祝福你們。. III.

(6) 目錄. 中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………… I 英文摘要 ………………………………………………………………… II 致謝. ………………………………………………………………… III. 目錄. ………………………………………………………………… IV. 表目錄. ………………………………………………………………… VI. 圖目錄. ………………………………………………………………… VII. 第一章. 序論…………………………………………………………… 1. 1.1. 研究背景……………………………………………………… 1. 1.2. 文獻探討……………………………………………………… 2. 1.3. 研究動機與目的……………………………………………… 5. 1.4. 研究方法……………………………………………………… 5. 第二章. 理論介紹……………………………………………………… 6. 2.1. 高分子結晶理論……………………………………………… 6. 2.2. 吉布士自由能理論…………………………………………… 7. 2.3. 電場對成核的影響…………………………………………… 8. 2.4. 電流變現象…………………………………………………… 8. 第三章. 實驗規劃……………………………………………………… 13. 3.1. 使用材料……………………………………………………… 13. 3.2. 實驗設備……………………………………………………… 13. 3.2.1. 實驗裝置……………………………………………………… 13. 3.2.2. 實驗及量測儀器……………………………………………… 14. 3.3. 實驗方法……………………………………………………… 14. 第四章. 電場對 PVDF 結晶形成之影響……………………………… 18. 4.1. 實驗流程……………………………………………………… 18. 4.2. 結果與討論…………………………………………………… 18. 4.2.1. POM 觀察……………………………………………………… 18. 4.2.2. DSC 量測……………………………………………………… 20. 4.2.3. 結論…………………………………………………………… 21 IV.

(7) 第五章. 電場對 PVDF 聚摻物形態之影響…………………………… 31. 5.1. 實驗流程……………………………………………………… 31. 5.2. 結果與討論…………………………………………………… 31. 5.2.1. PVDF/PP 試片之處理及觀察………………………………… 31. 5.2.2. PVDF/ABS 試片之處理及觀察……………………………… 32. 5.2.3. PVDF/PMMA 試片之處理及觀察…………………………… 33. 第六章. 結論與建議…………………………………………………… 47. 參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………… 49. V.

(8) 表目錄. 表 2.1 高分子的結晶 Avrami 參數…………………………………… 10 表 2.2 一些高分子的 Avrami 常數…………………………………… 10 表 4.1 PVDF142℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘之結晶熔化熱………………… 22 表 4.2 PVDF165℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘之結晶熔化熱………………… 22 表 4.3 PVDF 非等溫結晶，冷卻速率 25℃/min 之結晶熔化熱……… 22 表 4.4 PVDF 在 200℃施加電場 60 秒後快速冷卻之結晶熔化熱…… 22 表 5.1 PVDF/ABS(10/90)145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之結晶熔化熱…… 34 表 5.2 PVDF/ABS(10/90)非等溫結晶之結晶熔化熱………………… 34. VI.

(9) 圖目錄. 圖 2.1 折疊鏈狀的高分子結晶結構…………………………………… 11 圖 2.2 球晶成長率與溫度關係圖……………………………………… 11 圖 2.3 電場對微粒子分散系 ER 流體引起之現象…………………… 12 圖 2.4 由電場引起的非相溶液體混合系之相構造變化……………… 12 圖 3.1 實驗裝置主體架構……………………………………………… 16 圖 3.2 直流電源供應器………………………………………………… 16 圖 3.3 溫度控制器……………………………………………………… 17 圖 3.4 偏光顯微鏡……………………………………………………… 17 圖 4.1 等溫結晶過程電場施加方式…………………………………… 23 圖 4.2 PVDF142℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘之偏光顯微照片……………… 23 圖 4.3 PVDF142℃等溫結晶 2 小時之偏光顯微照片………………… 24 圖 4.4 PVDF165℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘，E = 300 V/mm……………… 25 圖 4.5 PVDF165℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘，E = 500 V/mm……………… 26 圖 4.6 PVDF165℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘，E = 700 V/mm……………… 27 圖 4.7 PVDF 非等溫結晶，冷卻速率約 25℃/min.…………………… 28 圖 4.8 PVDF 在 200℃施加電場 60 秒後快速冷卻…………………… 29 圖 4.9 PVDF165℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘之 DSC 掃瞄，E = 0V/mm…… 30 圖 4.10 PVDF165℃等溫結晶 30 分鐘之 DSC 掃瞄，E = 700V/mm… 30 圖 5.1 PVDF 聚摻物非等溫結晶過程電場施加方式………………… 35 圖 5.2 PVDF/PP(10/90)之偏光顯微照片(無施加電場)……………… 35 圖 5.3 PVDF/PP(10/90) 145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之光學顯微照片…… 36 圖 5.4 PVDF/PP(10/90) 非等溫結晶之光學顯微照片……………… 37 圖 5.5 PVDF/PP(10/90) 145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之 SEM 照片……… 38 圖 5.6 PVDF/PP(10/90)非等溫結晶之 SEM 照片…………………… 39 圖 5.7 PVDF/PP(10/90) 145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之 DSC 掃瞄……… 40 圖 5.8 PVDF/PP(10/90)非等溫結晶之 DSC 掃瞄…………………… 41 圖 5.9 PVDF/ABS(10/90) 145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之 SEM 照片…… 42 圖 5.10 PVDF/ABS(10/90)非等溫結晶之 SEM 照片………………… 43 圖 5.11 PVDF/ABS(10/90) 145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之光學顯微照片… 44 圖 5.12 PVDF/ABS(10/90) 非等溫結晶之光學顯微照片…………… 44 VII.

(10) 圖 5.13 PVDF/PMMA(10/90)145℃等溫結晶 10 分鐘之光學顯微照片 45 圖 5.14 PVDF/PMMA(10/90)非等溫結晶之光學顯微照片…………… 46. VIII.

(11) ಃ΋ക!‫ׇ‬ፕ! ! 1.1 ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳ! ΜΐШइ߃ӄౚр౜Αಃ΋ᅿӝԋ༟ጤᖻ⻡⻡ࡕǴ‫ډޔ‬ΒΜШइ߃ଯ ϩηࣽᏢω໒‫ۈ‬Ԗၨε൯‫ޑ‬຾৖ǴவԜΓᜪ‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬٬Ҕ຾ΕΑ΋ঁཥ‫ޑ‬ٚ ำ࿞ǶԾΒԛШࣚεᏯࡕ༟ጤπ཰໒‫ۈ‬ጲࠁว৖ǴШࣚӚ୯࣬ᝩ‫׫‬Εࣴว ཥ༟ጤ‫ޑ‬ӝԋБ‫ݤ‬Ǵଯϩη౛ፕΨ೴‫؁‬Ӧ೏ࡌҥଆٰǴԿϞςԖ೚ӭ‫ޑ‬ଯ ϩη‫׷‬਑р౜ӧ‫ޑॺך‬ғࢲύǶ༟ጤ‫׷‬਑Ӣࣁ‫ڀ‬Ԗሽ਱եǵख़ໆᇸǵऐᆭ ᇑϷܰуπ฻ᓬᗺǴᒿ๱༟ጤԋ‫ޑೌמ׎‬ว৖ᆶදϷǴ༟ጤᇙࠔ೴ᅌ‫ڗ‬ж ΋٤চҁഏౠ‫ߎ܈‬ឦᇙ೷‫ޑ‬ౢࠔǶԐය༟ጤ‫׷‬਑ѝҔ‫ܭ‬΋૓‫҇ޑ‬ғπ཰ǵ хးǵႝᏔǵًؓ႟ҹ฻ౢࠔ΢Ǵ߈ԃٰჹ‫ܭ‬༟ጤ‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬੝‫܄‬ςԖၨుΕ ‫ޑ‬ᕕှЪԋ‫ೌמ׎‬В੻຾‫؁‬Ǵ༟ጤπ཰Ψරӛᆒஏϯว৖Ǵவ٣ғౢӀႝ ౢ཰࣬ᜢ႟ಔҹǴ‫ٯ‬ӵ᠐‫ڗ‬ᓐǵӀ೯ૻೱ่ᏔǵӀ‫ݢ‬ᏤϷӚᅿӀᏢ᜔Т ฻Ǵ٬ள༟ጤౢࠔ‫ڀ‬Ԗ‫׳‬ଯ‫ߕޑ‬уሽॶǶ ༟ጤёϩࣁ዗༟‫܄‬༟ጤ‫ک‬዗‫܄ڰ‬༟ጤ‫ٿ‬εᜪǴ߻‫ޣ‬ၶ዗཮೬ϯᡂ‫׎‬Ǵ ё೸ၸԋ‫ז׎‬ೲЪεໆӦᇙ೷ౢࠔǶ༟ጤԋ‫׎‬ԖࡐӭБԄǴЬाԖ৔рǵ ᖥఎᔒрǵ዗ᓸǵ֌ᇙǵ‫ۯ‬ᓸ฻Ƕԋ‫׎‬ၸำύǴ೬ϯ‫܈‬ᅙᑼёࢬ୏‫ޑ‬༟ጤ ‫ډڙ‬ᔈΚբҔԶᡂ‫׎‬ԋ‫܌‬ሡ‫ރ׎ޑ‬ǴհࠅԿ࠻ྕ‫ڰ‬ϯࡕջёள‫ډ‬ԋࠔǶ༟ ጤԋ‫ࠔޑࠔ׎‬፦‫ڗ‬،‫׷ځܭ‬਑ϣ೽‫ޑ‬ଯ໘่ᄬಔԋǴ‫܌‬ᒏ‫ޑ‬ଯ໘่ᄬ൩ࢂ ଯϩη‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬ϩη᜘‫׎܌‬ԋϐ่඲ǵό‫׎ۓ‬ǵଛӛ฻όӕ‫׎‬ᄊಔӝ‫่ޑ‬ ᄬǴԶଯ໘่ᄬ߾ᆶуπਔ‫ޑ‬చҹୖኧԖஏϪᜢ߯Ƕ‫ٯ‬ӵԋ‫׎‬ਔ‫ࡋྕޑ‬ቬ ᐕ཮ቹៜ่඲ελǵӭჲϷౚ඲‫ޑ‬ғԋǴ೭٤่݀Ξ཮،‫ۓ‬ᇙࠔ‫ޑ‬೸ܴ ࡋǵ‫ש‬৔౗ǵᐒఓமࡋ฻Ƕ੝ձࢂӧғౢӀႝၗૻ࣬ᜢ‫ޑ‬ౢࠔਔǴჹ‫ځ‬ᆒ ࡋǵӀᏢ‫܄‬፦ǵᐒఓ‫܄‬፦‫ޑ‬ा‫ࢂ׳؃‬ᝄ਱Ǵ‫܌‬аుΕᕕှуπύӚᅿୖኧ ჹ‫׷‬਑ಔᙃ‫׎‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯Ǵωૈ،‫ۓ‬рന٫‫ޑ‬ᇙำǶ ߈ٰ΋٤ౢࠔԖ‫ځ‬੝ਸ‫ޑૈ܄‬ा‫؃‬Ǵ٬Ҕς໒วр‫ޑ‬ଯϩη‫׷‬਑٠ค ‫ݤ‬ᅈ‫ى‬ሡ‫؃‬ǴฅԶ໒วཥ‫׷ޑ‬਑ा‫פ‬рཥ‫׷‬਑‫ൂޑ‬ᡏϷӝԋБ‫ݤ‬Ǵ೭ࢂߚ த֚ᜤ‫ޑ‬πբЪ጗όᔮ࡚ǴӢԜଯϩηᄞష‫ೌמ‬ᔈၮԶғǴԿϞςԖ΋٤ 1.

(12) ԋф‫ޑ‬ᔈҔǴ‫ٯ‬ӵ ABS ᆶ PC [1]‫ ܈‬PS ᆶᐎጤ[2]షӝԋ‫ޑ‬ऐፂᔐ‫׷܄‬਑Ƕ όၸε೽ϩ‫ޑ‬ଯϩη‫׷‬਑೿ࢂόϕྋ‫ޑ‬ǴҺཀషӝԖёૈคշ‫ܭ‬ගϲ‫׷‬਑ ‫ૈ܄ޑ‬ǴЪ཮٬᏾ᡏ‫ޑ‬ᐒఓ‫܄‬፦ᡂৡǶᄞష‫׷‬਑‫܄ޑ‬፦‫ڗ‬،‫࣬ܭ‬ᆶ࣬ϐ໔ ‫ޑ‬ϩթᜢ߯Ϸࣚय़໔‫׎ޑ‬ᄊǴషግਔ‫ޑ‬చҹǵ‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬ᗹࡋᆶ฻ભǵշྋᏊ ‫ޑ‬٬Ҕ฻Ǵ೿ࢂଯϩηᄞష‫ೌמޑ‬ख़ᗺǶ ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ӧԋ‫܈׎‬షግၸำύǴ‫׷‬਑ϣ೽ଯ໘่ᄬ‫׎ޑ‬ԋЬाᆶྕ ࡋቬᐕԖᜢǴӚᅿᔈΚ‫ޑ‬௓‫߾ڋ‬ჹ‫ރ׎ܭ‬ᆒࡋԖख़ा‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴԜѦҗ‫ܭ‬Ӛ ᅿଯϩη‫׷‬਑όӕ‫ނޑ‬౛੝‫܄‬ϷϯᏢಔԋǴ‫ځ‬ϩη᜘ΨԖёૈ‫ځډڙ‬Ѭ‫ނ‬ ౛ໆ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴԶ‫׎‬ԋ‫׳‬ᐱ੝‫ޑ‬ଯ໘่ᄬǶа۳ࡐӭଯϩηଯ໘่ᄬ‫زࣴޑ‬ ΢а௖૸ྕࡋቬᐕϷ୊ϪΚ‫ޑ‬ቹៜࣁЬǴ߈ٰ༟ጤԋ‫׎‬ςόӆѝࢂமፓᆒ ࡋा‫؃‬ǴճҔѦ൑ਏᔈ‫ޑ‬௓‫ڋ‬Ǵё٬ԋ‫ࠔ׎‬Ԗ੝ਸ‫ޑ‬ಔᙃ่ᄬр౜Ǵ‫܈‬ჹ ‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬೽ϩ୔ୱ຾Չ‫ׯ‬፦Ǵගϲ‫ߕځ‬уሽॶǶ‫ٯ‬ӵႝ൑‫܈‬ᅶ൑ё٬ࢌ٤ଯ ϩη‫׷‬਑ౢғଛӛ่ᄬǴ຾Զቚу‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬மࡋǶ‫ځ‬дѦ൑ӵႜ৔ǵຬॣ‫ݢ‬ ‫ޑ‬ቹៜΨςԖ΋٤ࣴ‫ز‬ԋ݀р౜Ƕ. 1.2 Ў᝘௖૸! ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ӧуπၸำύ཮ౢғόӕ‫่ޑ‬඲Չࣁ‫ک‬ϩη௨ӈǴ຾Զ٬ ‫ځ‬ᐒఓǵӀᏢǵ‫ނ‬౛฻‫܄‬፦‫ډڙ‬ቹៜǶP.-Y. B. Jar ‫ ک‬R.A. Shanks а PEEK ࣁ‫׷‬਑Ǵᙖҗ௓‫ڋ‬уπၸำள‫ډ‬ёගϲ೸ܴࡋ‫่ޑ‬඲ಔᙃ[3]Ƕ໒‫ۈ‬հࠅ‫ޑ‬ ྕࡋࣁቹៜ೸ܴࡋനЬा‫ޑ‬ӢનǴᙖҗ TEM ᢀჸ่݀ёှញ೸ܴࡋ‫ޑ‬ග ϲࢂӢࣁֽ೽‫ڀ‬Бӛ‫ޑ܄‬ቫ‫่ރ‬ᄬ(locally oriented lamellar structure)फ़եΑ ‫ש‬৔౗‫ޑ‬ᡂ౦ᆶӀණ৔Ƕ཮ౢғ೭ᅿಔᙃ‫׎‬ᄊࢂҗ‫ܭ‬ଯஏࡋ‫ޑ‬඲ਡज़‫ڋ‬Α ่඲ว৖ԋࣁౚ඲‫׎‬ᄊǴԶᆢ࡭΋໒‫่ۈ‬඲ਔႽᠼᆢ‫่ޑރ‬ᄬǶ Bing Na ฻Γ٬ҔଯஏࡋᆫΌ౎(HDPE)ᆶ EVA ‫ޑ‬ᄞష‫׷‬਑բ୏ᄊߥᓸ ৔рԋ‫(׎‬dynamic packing injection molding)Ǵள‫ډ‬ଯ‫܎ל‬மࡋᆶଯፂᔐம ࡋ‫ޑ‬ᐒఓ‫܄‬፦[4]Ǵࡰр୊ᔈΚϷӢ EVA ύόӕ VA ֖ໆ‫܌‬೷ԋϟय़ϐ໔ ‫ޑ‬ҬϕբҔჹ࣬‫׎‬ᄊϷᐒఓ‫܄‬፦‫ޑ‬ቹៜനεǶ‫ځ‬ύ‫܎ל‬மࡋ‫ޑ‬ቚуࢂӢࣁ ୊Κ‫܌‬Їଆ‫ ޑ‬shish kebab ่඲่ᄬ‫׎‬ԋ‫ۓڀ‬ӛ‫୔ޑ܄‬ୱǹԶ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯፂᔐம 2.

(13) ࡋ߾ࢂҗ‫ܭ‬༾ᠼᆢ(microfiber)‫׎ޑ‬ԋϷࢬ୏Бӛ΢೏܎ߏ‫ ޑ‬EVA ᗭಈ‫܌‬೷ ԋǶ ྕࡋቬᐕᆶ୊ϪΚჹ‫ܭ‬ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ଯ໘่ᄬϐ‫׎‬ᄊёᇥࢂനЬा‫ٿޑ‬ ໨ ቹ ៜ Ӣ ન Ƕ T. Miyata ‫ ک‬T. Masuko ௖ ૸ հ ࠅ ೲ ౗ ᆶ ่ ඲ ྕ ࡋ ჹ poly(tetramethylene succinate)(PTMS)่඲Չࣁ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴӧߚ฻ྕ่඲ΠǴ ౚ඲Ёκᒿ๱հࠅೲ౗फ़եԶᡂεǹӧ฻ྕ่඲ΠǴᒿ๱่඲ྕࡋቚଯǴ ౚ඲‫཮ރ׎‬ᡂளၨόೕ߾ЪಉᕫǴ྽่඲ྕࡋၲ‫ ډ‬105ʚਔǴ่඲‫׎‬ᄊ཮ வౚ඲ᡂԋືӛ‫(ރ‬axialite-like)‫ޑ‬ಔᙃ[5]Ƕ F. Jay ฻ΓճҔᆫЧ౎ࣁ‫׷‬਑Ǵ௖૸୊ϪբҔჹ่඲ԋߏ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴග рӧ୊ϪբҔΠǴԋਡᆶ่඲ԋߏѝჹD࣬ԖቹៜǴЪϩηໆཇεǴԋਡ ᆶ่඲ԋߏ౗൩ཇගଯ[6]ǶќѦǴG. Kumaraswamy ฻ΓΨ௖૸୊ϪբҔ ჹ໩௨ᆫЧ౎่඲ϐቹៜǴࡰрऩӧ‫׷‬਑่඲ྕࡋΠჹ‫ࡼځ‬у୊ΚЪࡼу ਔ໔ᇻե‫ܭ‬ᓉᄊ่඲ਔ໔Ǵ่඲ೲ౗཮ቚуǴՠऩ୊ᔈΚϷࡼуਔ໔ຬၸ ΋ᖏࣚॶǴ߾཮ౢғ΋‫ڀ‬Бӛ‫่ޑ܄‬ᄬ[7]Ƕ ౚᑃ‫(ݤ‬ball milling)߻൳ԃ೏ᔈҔӧ‫ׯ‬ᡂଯϩη‫׷‬਑‫่ޑ‬ᄬϷ‫ڰ‬ᄊଯϩ η‫ޑ‬షግǴ߻‫زࣴޑޣ‬ӭъаъ่඲‫׷‬਑ࣁЬǶJ. Font ฻Γаъ่඲ϐ PC ຾ՉࣴᑃǴё٬‫ځ‬ό‫׎ۓ‬ϯǴЪ‫׎ځ‬ᄊᆶவᅙᑼᄊ࡚ೲհࠅ‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ ό‫׎׎ۓ‬ᄊόӕǴࣴᑃၸ‫׷ޑ‬਑ӧ࣒ዟᙯ౽ྕࡋ‫ޑ‬዗৒ໆᡂϯၨλ[8]ǶԜ ѦǴჹ PEEK ຾Չࣴᑃ‫่݀ޑ‬Ǵ٬ъ่඲‫׷܄‬਑ό‫ޑ׎ۓ‬К‫ٯ‬ቚуǴЪ྽ ‫ځ‬у዗Կ࣒ዟᙯ౽ྕࡋߕ߈ਔ཮ӆ่඲[9]ǶJ. P. Martin ฻Γஒ PC ᆶ PEEK ‫ޑ‬ણ҃షӝ٠ౚᑃ 10 λਔǴว౜ёၲ‫࣬ٿډ‬аԛ༾ԯำࡋషӝϐ่ ᄬ[10]ǶD. M. Esterly ‫ ک‬B. J. Love а PVDF ຾ՉຬեྕౚᑃǴёஒচٰ่ ඲‫ޑ‬D࣬ᙯඤԋE࣬ǴऩӆᝩុࣴᑃǴ߾่඲ࡋ໒‫ۈ‬෧ϿǴ٠௢ෳࣴᑃຬၸ 8 λਔа΢Ԗёૈᡂԋό‫[׎ۓ‬11]Ƕ ࢌ٤ଯϩη‫׷‬਑Ӣࣁ‫ڀ‬Ԗཱུ‫܄‬Ǵӧ΋‫ۓ‬மࡋа΢‫ޑ‬ႝ൑բҔΠ཮Ԗቹ ៜǶB. K. Hong ฻Γࣴ‫ز‬ӧႝ൑‫ޑ‬ਏᔈΠ polyamide-6,6(PA-6,6)‫่ޑ‬඲Չ ࣁǴว౜ႝ൑மࡋቚуਔǴӧ฻ྕ่඲ΠǴ཮फ़ե่඲ೲ౗ǹӧߚ฻ྕ่ ඲ΠǴ໒‫่ۈ‬඲‫཮ࡋྕޑ‬Πफ़ǴΨ൩ࢂᇥ่඲཮‫ۯ‬ᒨǴচӢࢂ‫ځ‬਽୷‫ޑ‬ଽ ཱུচҁٰࢂϸӛѳՉ(antiparallel)௨ӈǴࣁᛙ‫ޑۓ‬඲ᡏ่ᄬǴࡼуႝ൑ਔ཮ 3.

(14) ᘋ໶೭ᅿ௨ӈǴߔЗϩη᜘ᆫ໣Ǵ٬่඲‫ۯ‬ᒨ[12]ǶC. Park ‫ ک‬R. E. Robertson ஒ PEO ྋӧߚཱུ‫܄‬ЪёӀᆫӝ‫ޑ‬ྋᏊύǴ௖૸ӧႝ൑Π‫่ޑ‬ ඲Ǵว౜ӧႝ൑բҔΠǴϕྋ‫܄‬फ़եǴౚ඲Ԗ೏܎ߏЪჹሸႝ൑Бӛ‫ޑ‬౜ ຝǴ่඲ΨԖ٤೚‫ۯޑ‬ᒨ[13]ǶY. Ye ฻Γஒ PS ྋన‫ ک‬PS-b-PEO ྋన (85%Ҙशǵ10%Ѥణ᳚ീǵ5%ҘᎇషӝྋᏊ)షӝᇙԋᖓጢǴӧคࡼуႝ ൑‫ࡼ܈‬уႝ൑மࡋၨλ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ΠǴ‫่ځ‬඲‫ޑ‬ᠼᆢ‫่ރ‬ᄬևคೕ߾௨ӈǴ྽ ࡼуႝ൑ၲ 8 kV/cm а΢ਔǴ‫ځ‬ᠼᆢ‫่ރ‬ᄬ཮රႝ൑Бӛჹሸ[14]Ƕ ԜѦǴӧ΋٤዗ᓸԋ‫ޑ่݀׎‬௖૸ύǴᓉႝ൑೏ᇡࣁࢂ΋ঁख़ा‫فޑ‬ ՅǶS. Y. Chou ฻Γӧ຾Չჹ PMMA ϐԛ༾ԯ่ᄬ዗ᓸ‫زࣴޑ‬ύว౜Ǵ྽ ኳϘᆶ‫׷‬਑໔࣬႖΋ࢤຯᚆǴஒ‫׷‬਑у዗Կ Tg ᗺа΢ӆհࠅԿ࠻ྕࡕǴ ኳϘср೽ҽΠय़‫׷ޑ‬਑཮‫׎‬ԋᆶኳϘср೽Ёκ࣬ӕϐკਢǴдॺࡰр ‫׷‬਑ᆶኳϘ໔‫ޑ‬ᓉႝբҔࢂ΋ख़ाӢન[15]ǶH. Schift ฻Γ௖૸ PMMA ᖓ ጢӧ዗ᓸਔ‫܌‬วғ‫ޑ‬Οᅿ౜ຝǴ‫ځ‬ύϐ΋ࣁԾ‫ך‬௨ಔ(self-assembly)Ǵջӧ Ԗᓉႝ൑‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ΠǴଯϩηᖓጢ཮གᔈр‫ຼڀ‬ය‫܄‬ϐࢊ‫ރ‬კਢǴԜკਢ‫ޑ‬ ቨࡋᆶΥቺґΚǵᓉႝΚᆶ߄य़஭Κ໔‫ޑ‬ѳᑽԖᜢ[16]Ƕ ߈൳ԃٰВҁӧᅶ൑ჹ‫ߚܭ‬ᅶ‫܄‬ᡏቹៜ‫زࣴޑ‬Бय़ᑈཱུว৖Ƕᅶ൑ଛ ӛࢂᅶ൑೏ճҔӧуπύ‫ޑ‬΋‫ٯ‬ǴջճҔϸᅶ‫܄‬ᅶϯ౗‫ޑ‬౦Б‫܄‬٬༾ಈ ηǵଯϩη‫܈‬న඲ౢғ΋‫ۓ‬Бӛ‫ޑ‬ଛӛǴ‫ٯ‬ӵӧ PEMA ύ‫׎‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ᅶ൑ଛӛ ֿન༾่඲ǴԖᐒǵᅹϯᠼᆢ‫ޑ‬ᅶ൑ଛӛፄӝ‫׷‬਑฻[17,18]ǶќѦǴа Tsunehisa Kimura ࣁ२‫زࣴޑ‬ი໗Ծ 1997 ԃаٰςഌុჹ iPSǵPENǵ PETǵiPP ‫ޑ‬ᅶ‫ۓ‬ӛ‫(܄‬magnetic orientation)຾Չࣴ‫[ز‬19-22]Ǵ྽೭٤‫׷‬਑வ ᅙᑼᄊ่඲ਔǴ‫ڙ‬ᅶ൑ቹៜǴ཮Ԗᅶ‫ۓ‬ӛ‫܄‬р౜Ǵ௢ᘐࢂӢࣁԖ΋٤‫ڀ‬ೕ ߾‫่ޑ܄‬ᄬр౜Ǵ٠Ъᢀჸനࡕ่඲‫ޑ‬Бӛ೿཮ᆶᅶ൑БӛԖᜢǶԜѦд ॺΨςှញ߻Ο‫׷ޣ‬਑‫ޑ‬೭٤౜ຝࢂҗ‫ܭ‬शᕉ‫ޑ‬ϸᅶߚ฻ӛ‫(܄‬diamagnetic anisotropy)‫ޑ‬ጔࡺǶ H. Kim ‫ ک‬J. W. Lee ࣴ‫ز‬ຬॣ‫ݢ‬ჹᆫЧ౎‫ک‬ᆫशΌ౎షӝ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴࡰ р‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬ᅙᑼᄊӧଯமࡋຬॣ‫ޑݢ‬բҔΠ཮٬Ь᜘೏ϪᘐǴफ़եϩηໆǴ Ψ٬࣬ሦୱ(phase domain)Ёκελफ़եǴቚу‫ځ‬ϕ৒‫[܄‬23]Ƕ Susan Dadbin ճҔΒ਼ϯᅹેፂႜ৔ྣ৔եஏࡋᆫΌ౎(LDPE)ᖓጢ଺ 4.

(15) ߄य़‫ׯ‬፦Ǵගр਼ϯ୷ი‫׎ޑ‬ԋኧໆᆶેፂኧԖᜢǴЪેፂኧቚуǴ཮‫׎‬ ԋၨε‫ޑ‬კਢ[24]ǶW. Kesting ฻ΓҔ‫ ߏݢ‬157nm ‫ࢧޑ‬ႜ৔ྣ৔ᆫЧ౎ᠼ ᆢϷᖓጢǴள‫ރࢊډ‬చદ‫ݢ܈‬દ‫่ޑ‬ᄬ[25]ǴЪ྽ેፂኧቚуਔǴԜ่ᄬ ‫ޑ‬ుࡋ཮ቚуǴཀջள‫ډ‬ၨಉᕫ‫߄ޑ‬य़Ƕ ! 1.3 ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒᆶҞ‫!ޑ‬ ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ϣ೽җ่඲೽ϩᆶό‫୔׎ۓ‬ୱ‫܌‬ᄬԋǴ่඲‫ޑ‬ελǵӭ ჲǵᅿᜪǵϩණ‫܄‬Ϸᄞష‫׷‬਑Ӛ࣬ϐ໔‫ޑ‬ϩթǴ೿཮ቹៜ‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬੝‫܄‬Ǵ‫ځ‬ ύྕࡋቬᐕᆶᔈΚࢂЬा‫ޑ‬ቹៜӢનǶӧ΋૓ԋ‫׎‬уπύǴ፾྽Ӧ௓‫ڋ‬ኳ ྕǵհࠅೲ౗ǵᓸΚǵ୊ϪΚ฻చҹǴӭъёаᅈ‫ى‬ሡ‫؃‬ǶฅԶԖ٤Ӣ‫ځ‬ дѦ൑ਏᔈ‫׎܌‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ಔᙃ่ᄬ٠ߚѝ᎞ྕࡋቬᐕϷᔈΚ‫ޑ‬௓‫ڋ‬ջёၲ‫ډ‬Ǵ ೭٤੝ਸ่ᄬ҂ٰࡐёૈᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ගϲ‫׷‬፦‫ૈ܄ޑ‬Ƕҁࣴ‫ز‬ᔕᙖҗჹᅙᑼᄊ ‫܈‬հࠅ‫ڰ‬ϯၸำύ‫ޑ‬ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ࡼуႝ൑Ǵ௖૸‫׷‬਑ଯ໘่ᄬ‫׎‬ԋᆶྕࡋ ቬᐕϷႝ൑‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯Ǵ‫׆‬ఈӧуπਔૈჹଯ໘่ᄬբ‫׳‬Ԗਏ‫ޑ‬௓‫ڋ‬Ƕ ᗨฅҞ߻ςԖόϿࣴ‫ز‬௖૸ႝ൑ჹଯϩη‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴՠӭъࢂаൂ ΋ϐიӅᆫӝ‫(ނ‬block copolymer)ǵన඲‫׷‬਑‫ڀ܈‬Ԗཱུ‫܄‬ϐଯϩη‫׷‬਑ࣁ ჹຝǴЪӭ٬Ҕྋన‫ރ‬ᄊ‫܈‬ӧ੿‫ޜ‬ᕉნΠ຾ՉჴᡍǶҁࣴ‫ز‬аதҔ‫܄ཱུޑ‬ πำ༟ጤϷ‫ځ‬ᄞష‫׷ࣁނ‬਑ǴаߚྋనϷߚ੿‫ޜ‬฻ၨௗ߈уπ‫ޑݩރ‬ᕉნ Πٰ௖૸Ǵයఈёаँઇ౜Ԗԋ‫کೌמ׎‬ගϲᄞష‫׷‬਑‫ૈ܄ޑ‬Ƕ ! 1.4 ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫!ݤ‬ ೛ीǵᇙբ΋ႝ൑ౢғး࿼Ǵӧଯϩη‫׷‬਑ևᅙᑼᄊਔаϷհࠅ‫ڰ‬ϯ ၸำύჹ‫ൂځ‬પࡼуႝ൑Ǵ٠ᙖҗ‫ׯ‬ᡂႝ൑மࡋϷफ़ྕၸำ‫ୖޑ‬ኧ೛‫ۓ‬Ǵ ௖૸ႝ൑ӧଯϩη‫׷‬਑ଯ໘่ᄬ‫׎ޑ‬ԋύ‫ת܌‬ᄽ‫فޑ‬ՅǶհࠅ‫ڰ‬ϯࡕ‫ޑ‬၂ Т࿶ၸຬᖓϪപǵࣴᑃǵᇑ‫څ‬฻ೀ౛ࡕǴёճҔୃӀᡉ༾᜔ᢀჸ่඲ಔ ᙃǴ‫܈‬೸ၸ௟ᅲԄႝηᡉ༾᜔(SEM)ᢀჸ‫ځ‬ଯ໘่ᄬǴ٠ᆶ҂‫ڙ‬ႝ൑‫܌‬ள ϐ่ᄬբКၨǶԜѦଛӝ࣬ᜢ౛ፕှញ‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ଯ໘่ᄬϐԋӢǴයఈ‫פ‬ ‫ډ‬ႝ൑ቹៜଯ໘่ᄬ‫ޑ‬ᐒ‫ڋ‬аϷπ཰΢ёа٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬Ƕ 5.

(16) ಃΒക!౛ፕϟಏ! 2.1 ଯϩη่඲౛ፕ ଯϩη‫׷‬਑Ӣࣁࢂߏ᜘ϩη่ᄬǴ‫܌‬а཮ౢғࡐӭόӕ‫׎ޑ‬ᄊǴӧό ೕ߾‫୔ޑ‬ୱǴ‫ॺך‬ᆀϐࣁό‫(׎ۓ‬amorphous)Ǵёૈр౜‫׎ޑ‬ᄊԖ‫ឺޟ‬ (entanglement)ǵคೕ߾‫ޑ‬௔ᙅ(random coil)฻Ǵӧ่඲Бय़ǴӢࣁߏ᜘‫ޑ‬ ᜢ߯Ǵा௨ԋ᏾ሸ‫ޑ‬඲ᡏόႽλϩηٗሶ৒ܰǴࡺόёૈр౜ԭϩϐԭ่ ඲‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬ǶҞ߻ࣁ΋૓‫܌‬ௗ‫ޑڙ‬ଯϩη่඲ኳࠠࣁϩη᜘ևٰӣ‫᠄ש‬Ǵ٠ ว৖ԋ΋ቫ‫(ރ‬lamellar)่ᄬǴӵკ 2.1 ‫܌‬ҢǶԜቫ‫่ރ‬ᄬ೯தόܰᝩុว ৖ԋൂ඲ǴԶࢂ཮Ԗ೚ӭԜᅿ่ᄬҗ΋ԋਡᗺӛѦᒟ৔ߏрǴ٠ᒿ๱ӛѦ ‫ۯ‬՜Զ‫ס‬ԔǴനࡕว৖ԋౚ඲(spherulite)‫׎‬ᄊǶ ӧ௖૸่඲ᐒ‫ڋ‬Бय़ǴAvrami БำԄࢂ΋ख़ा౛ፕǶAvrami ஒկߎ Ꮲ‫ۺཷޑ‬ճҔӧଯϩη่඲Չࣁ΢ǴᏤраΠϐБำԄǴᇥܴ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ ௃‫ݩ‬ΠǴ่඲౗ᆶਔ໔‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯Ǻ 1 Xt. exp( Kt n ). (1). ‫ځ‬ύXtࣁӧόӕ่඲ਔ໔‫่ޑ‬඲౗Ǵऩҗ౛ፕ௢ᏤǴKᆶnࣁᆶԋਡᐒ‫کڋ‬ ่඲ԋߏ‫׎‬ԄԖᜢ‫ޑ‬தኧǴӵ߄ 2.1 ‫܌‬ҢǶΨёа೸ၸჴᡍБ‫ݤ‬ǴճҔ DSC‫ޑ‬ໆෳኧᏵᆉрࢌঁਔ໔ᗺ‫่ޑ‬඲౗Ǵ٠ஒ(1)Ԅ‫ׯ‬ቪԋӵΠ‫׎‬Ԅ log> ln(1 X t )@ n log t log K. (2). а log> ln(1 X t )@ჹ log t բკǴ‫פ‬р௹౗ᆶᄒຯջϩձள‫ ډ‬K ᆶ n ॶǶn ॶ೯ தϟ‫ ܭ‬2 ~ 4 ϐ໔Ǵ߄ 2.2 ӈр΋٤ଯϩη‫ ޑ‬n ॶǶ ճҔ Avrami БำԄё‫ޕ‬ၰࢌঁ่඲ྕࡋΠ่඲౗ჹਔ໔‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯Ǵჹ ‫่ܭ‬඲౗൩ёаբ௓‫ڋ‬ϷႣෳǴՠࢂ Avrami БำԄ໻ࣁኧᏢ΢‫ޑ‬௢ᄽǴ લЮ‫׎‬ᄊ(morphology)‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬ǴᔈҔ΢Ԗֽज़‫܄‬Ƕऩा௓‫่ڋ‬඲ελ‫่܈‬ ඲࣬ϩթ‫֡ޑ‬Ϭ‫܄‬Ǵᗋሡा‫ځ‬Ѭ‫ޑ‬ჴᡍٰ่݀‫פ‬р‫ځ‬ᜢ߯Ƕ Keith ‫ ک‬Padden ‫ٿ‬Γ߾നԐගр่඲‫܄‬ଯϩη‫ޑ‬ౚ඲ว৖୏ΚᏢ࣬ᜢ ౛ፕǶౚ඲ϐ৩ӛԋߏ౗ G ёа߄ҢԋΠԄ 6.

(17) G. G0 e 'E / RT e 'F */ RT. (3). ‫ځ‬ύ 'F*Ǻ‫׎‬ԋᖏࣚЁκ‫߄ޑ‬य़ਡ‫ޑ‬Ծҗૈ 'EǺϩη᜘ၠຫ่඲ૈም‫ࢲޑ‬ϯԾҗૈ ΢ԄᇥܴΑౚ඲ԋߏ౗ჹྕࡋ‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯Ԗ‫ٿ‬ᅿᝡ‫ݾ‬ᐒ‫ڋ‬Ǵӵკ 2.2 ‫܌‬ҢǴӧ ࣒ዟᙯ౽ྕࡋ(Tg)ᆶѳᑽᅙᗺ(Tmo)౛ፕ΢่඲ԋߏ౗ࣁ 0Ǵ‫ޣٿ‬ϐ໔ࣁё ่඲‫୔ࡋྕޑ‬໔Ǵྕࡋӧന٫่඲ྕࡋTcа΢ਔӢࢬ୏‫܄‬ၨ٫Ǵԋਡό৒ ܰǴ่඲‫ޑ‬ᜢᗖຎ‫ૈځ‬ց໩ճԋਡǴࡺԜࢤ୔ୱᆀࣁԋਡ௓‫(ڋ‬nucleation control)ǹӧTcаΠԋਡၨ৒ܰǴՠࢂᗹࡋၨଯǴ่඲‫ޑ‬ᜢᗖ‫ڗ‬،‫ܭ‬ϩη౽ ୏ૈΚǴࡺԜࢤ୔ୱᆀࣁᘉණ௓‫(ڋ‬diffusion control)Ƕ. 2.2 ӓѲγԾҗૈ(Gibbs’ Free Energy)౛ፕ ा،‫ٿۓ‬ᅿଯϩη‫׷‬਑‫ޑ‬షӝ‫܄‬ǴӓѲγԾҗૈࢂ΋ղᘐࡰ኱ǴӓѲ γԾҗૈБำԄӵΠǴ !!!! 'G M. 'H M T'S M ! !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !!(4). 'GMࣁӓѲγషӝԾҗૈ‫ޑ‬ᡂϯǴ'HM‫'ک‬SMϩձࣁషӝ‫₲ޑ‬ᆶ⪖ǴTࣁ๊ ჹྕࡋǶ'GM ࣁॄॶж߄‫ٿ‬ԋҽёаϕྋǴऩࣁ҅ॶ߾߄Ң཮วғ࣬ϩ ᚆǶӢࣁӧషӝ‫ޑ‬ၸำύ⪖Ѹ཮ቚуǴ(4)Ԅύ฻ဦѓᜐಃΒ໨ࡡࣁ҅ǴЪ 'SM೯தᡂϯόεǴࡺ'HMࣁ،‫ۓ‬ϕྋ‫ޑ܄‬ЬाӢનǶ ྽‫ٿ‬ଯϩηషӝਔǴճҔ΢ॊ‫୷ޑ‬ҁ዗ΚᏢᜢ߯ǴёቪԋаΠԄηǺ 'G M kT. V § 2· v1v 2 F 12 ¨1 ¸ N c >v1 ln v1 v 2 ln v 2 @ Vr z¹ ©. ‫ځ‬ύ! !!!!VǺኬҁϐᡏᑈ(೯த‫ ڗ‬1cm3) VrǺ΋ঁcell‫ޑ‬ᡏᑈ zǺ඲਱ଛՏኧ(lattice coordination)(೯தࣁ 6 ~ 12) NcǺӧ 1 cm3ϣϐϩηኧ v1, v2ǺᡏᑈК‫ٯ‬ 7. (5).

(18) kǺ‫ݢ‬૟ୗதኧ. F12ǺFlory-Hugginsୖኧ ! 2.3 ႝ൑ჹԋਡ‫ޑ‬ቹៜ H. L. Marand ‫ ک‬R. S. Stein ࣴ‫ز‬ଯႝ൑ჹ PVDF ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴ٠ ௢Ꮴ PVDF ӧႝ൑ቹៜΠ‫ޑ‬ԋਡᐒ‫ڋ‬Ǵளрঅ҅‫ޑ‬ԋਡ౛ፕ[27]Ƕдॺ٬ Ҕ֡ӛ΋ԛԋਡ౛ፕ(homogeneous primary nucleation theory)ٰीᆉԋਡ ౗Ǵଷ೛Ԗ΋༝ࢊ‫ރ‬खज඲ਡᆫ໣ N ‫ ࣁࡋߏ״‬Lǵᄒय़ᑈࣁ A ‫᠄שޑ‬ϩη ᜘Ǵ߾ӧคႝ൑௃‫׎‬ΠǴԋਡϐԾҗૈёቪԋ 'F0. (6). NLA'f 2 NAV e 2 L NAS V. ‫ځ‬ύ. VeǺਡϐᆄय़(end-surface)Ծҗૈ VǺਡϐୁय़(side-surface)Ծҗૈ 'fǺᅙϯൂՏᡏᑈ่඲‫ޑ‬Ծҗૈ ྽ԋਡਔԖႝ൑ࡼуǴ߾΢Ԅ࿶ၸ௢Ꮴё߄Ңԋ 'F0. NLA('f p E ) 2 NAV e 2 L NAS V. (7). Ӣࣁཱུϯ p ‫ک‬ႝ൑ E ֡ࣁ҅ॶǴКၨ(6)Ԅᆶ(7)ԄᡉҢǴ྽ႝ൑р౜ਔǴ ԋਡ‫܌‬ሡ‫ޑ‬Ծҗૈफ़եǴӢԜԋਡ౗཮ቚуǶ. 2.4 ႝࢬᡂ౜ຝ(electrorheology) 1940 ԃж҃ऍ୯‫ ޑ‬Winslow ว౜ӧԖ༾ಈηϩණ‫๊ޑ‬ጔ‫ݨ‬ύǴӢႝ൑ ԶЇଆࡐε‫ޑ‬ᗹࡋᡂϯǴԜ౜ຝ೏ᆀࣁႝࢬᡂ౜ຝǶ‫ڀ‬ԖԜ౜ຝ‫ࢬޑ‬ᡏ೏ ᆀࣁႝࢬᡂࢬᡏ‫ ܈‬ER ࢬᡏǴёϩࣁΟᜪǺ༾ಈηϩණ‫س‬ǵߚ࣬ྋనᡏష ӝ‫س‬ǵ֡΋‫(س‬ӵన඲ଯϩη)Ƕ༾ಈηϩණ‫س‬ϐ ER ࢬᡏ‫ډڙ‬ႝ൑բҔ ਔǴಈηϣ‫ޑ‬ႝ಻཮೏ཱུϯǴӢ๱೭٤೏ཱུϯ‫ޑ‬ಈη໔‫࣬ޑ‬ϕբҔǴ཮‫׎‬ ԋՍ੧‫ޑރ‬ᕠ(cluster)Ǵӵკ 2.3 ‫܌‬Ң[28]Ƕӧߚ࣬ྋనᡏషӝ‫س‬ϐ ER ࢬ ᡏύǴϩණ࣬ԋҽ‫ޑ‬ᗹࡋϷᇨႝ౗Ѹ໪ၨೱុ࣬ԋҽٰ‫ޑ‬ଯǴ྽ႝ൑ࡼу 8.

(19) ਔǴϩණ࣬‫ݮ‬ႝ൑Бӛᆫ໣Ǵ‫׎‬ԋӵკ 2.4 ϐ౜ຝ[28]ǴऩӧԜ‫ރ‬ᄊࢬ ୏Ǵೱុ࣬ϐᗹࡋ཮ቚуԿᖿ߈‫ܭ‬ϩණ࣬ϐଯᗹࡋǶԜѦǴER ࢬᡏӧᔈ Ҕਔៜᔈਔ໔Ψࢂ΋ख़ा‫ޑ‬Եໆࡰ኱Ǵ΋૓ٰᇥѸ໪ाԖ 10 డࣾำࡋ‫ޑ‬ ଯೲៜᔈǴៜᔈਔ໔ջႝ൑ࡼуࡕᔈΚቚу‫ډ‬΋‫܌ॶޑۓ‬ሡाϐਔ໔Ǵё ҔΠԄٰຑ՗ t0 |. K0. (8). H0E2. ‫ځ‬ύ. KǺϩණ࣬ϐᐚࡋ HǺ੿‫ޑޜ‬ᇨႝ౗ EǺႝ൑மࡋ Ӣࣁ΋૓ԋ‫׎‬уπҔ‫ޑ‬ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ᗹࡋ೿ࡐଯǴаठៜᔈၨᄌǴ೭ΨࢂҞ ߻ႝࢬᡂ౜ຝाᔈҔӧԋ‫׎‬уπύ‫܌‬ሡլܺ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒϐ΋Ƕ. 9.

(20) ߄ 2.1 ଯϩη‫่ޑ‬඲ Avrami ୖኧ[26]!. Spheres Discsa Rodsb. a. Crystallization Mechanism Sporadic Predetermined Sporadic Predetermined Sporadic. Avrami Constant K n 3 2 / 3Sg l 4.0 3 4 / 3Sg L 3.0 2 S / 3g ld 3.0 3 Sg Ld 2.0 2 S / 4 gld 2.0. Predetermined. 1 SgLd 2 2. 1.0. Constant thickness d Constant radius d. b. ! ߄ 2.2 ΋٤ଯϩη‫ ޑ‬Avrami தኧ[26]! Polymer Polyethylene Poly(ethylene oxide) Polypropylene Poly(decamethylene terephthalate) it-Polystyrene. Range of n 2.6 - 4.0 2.0 - 4.0 2.8 - 4.1 2.7 - 4.0 2.0 - 4.0. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10. Restriction 3 dimensions 3 dimensions 2 dimensions 2 dimensions 1 dimension 1 dimension.

(21) ! !. კ!2.1 ‫᠄ש‬᜘‫ޑރ‬ଯϩη่඲่ᄬ!. კ!2.2 ౚ඲ԋߏ౗ᆶྕࡋᜢ߯კ!. 11.

(22) კ!2.3 ႝ൑ჹ༾ಈηϩණ‫ س‬ER ࢬᡏЇଆϐ౜ຝ. კ!2.4 җႝ൑Їଆ‫࣬ߚޑ‬ྋనᡏషӝ‫س‬ϐ࣬ᄬ೷ᡂϯ. 12.

(23) ಃΟക!ჴᡍೕჄ! 3.1 ٬Ҕ‫׷‬਑ ҁࣴ‫ز‬аᆫୃΒࢧΌ౎(polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF)Ϸ‫ځ‬ᆶᆫЧ౎ (polypropylene, PP) ǵ Ч ౎ ࿊ ΍ Β ౎ श Ό ౎ (ABS) ǵ ᆫ Ҙ ୷ Ч ౎ ለ Ҙ ✊ (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA)ϐᆫᄞ‫ࣁނ‬ჴᡍ‫׷‬਑Ǵ‫ځ‬ύ PVDF/PPǵ PVDF/ABSǵPVDF/PMMA ϐᄞష‫׷‬਑֡௦ 10/90 ϐК‫ٯ‬аᚈືᔒᇙᐒష ግϐǶӚ໨‫׷‬਑ᙁϟӵΠǺ PVDFǺࣁ‫ڀ‬Ԗཱུ‫܄‬ϐ่඲‫܄‬ᆫӝ‫ނ‬Ǵӧႝ൑բҔΠǴϩη཮ౢғཱུϯǴ ᅙᗺऊࣁ 188ʚǶ‫่ځ‬඲ԖDǵEǵJǵGѤᅿǴ่඲ྕࡋӧ 150ʚ! 155ʚаΠѝԖD࣬཮р౜Ǵၨଯ‫่ޑ‬඲ྕࡋ߾D࣬ᆶJ࣬཮ӅӸǴ. E࣬߾‫ڀ‬Ԗᓸႝ‫܄‬፦ǴG࣬ሡӧଯႝᓸΠω཮р౜ǶԜ‫׷‬਑Ԗᓬ౦ ‫ޑ‬ᐒఓ‫܄‬፦ǵ዗ᛙ‫܄ۓ‬ǵऐং‫܄‬Ϸऐ‫ܫ‬৔‫܄‬Ǵ٬Ҕ‫کܭ‬ϯᏢᐒᏔ Ԗᜢ‫ޑ‬ሚǵࢷ႟ҹǵНኲ‫܈‬ᆅ‫ ޑ‬਑Ǵື‫܈܍‬ऐ዗ႝጕхᙟǴന ߈Ψ྽଺ߥ࡭ႝᡏ‫܈‬Ꭻႝᡏ(electret)аϷᓸႝᡏ٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬ႝ৒Ꮤ༾ॣ ᏔаϷ‫ځ‬дॣៜᇙࠔǶ PPǺ௦Ҕ໩௨ϐᆫЧ౎(iPP)Ǵ҉჏ϯπԖज़Ϧљ(YUNGSOX)ᇙ೷Ǵ฻ભ ࣁ 1120FǴ‫ץ‬ဦࣁ 28040Ǵᅙᗺࣁ 166ʚǴࣁଯࡋ่඲‫܄‬ϐ‫׷‬਑Ƕ ABSǺΟ๯ϯπᇙ೷Ǵࠠဦࣁ U400ǶҗЧ౎࿊ǵ΍Β౎ǵशΌ౎Οᅿԋ ҽӅᆫӝ‫׎‬ԋϐऐፂᔐ‫܄‬ᐋિǴჹԖᐒྋᏊ‫ל‬ᇑ‫܄‬ৡࣁ‫ځ‬લᗺǶ PMMAǺMitsubishi Rayon ᇙ೷Ǵࠠဦࣁ MD-001Ǵ฻ભࣁ VHǶ೸ܴ‫܄‬٫ ЪฯࡋଯǴёྋ‫ܭ‬Ч✉ǵෛү฻ԖᐒྋᏊǶ. 3.2 ჴᡍ೛ഢ 3.2.1 ჴᡍး࿼ ҁࣴ‫ز‬೛ीǵᇙբϐჴᡍး࿼‫ޑ‬᏾ᡏࢎᄬӵკ 3.1 ‫܌‬ҢǶ҅ǵॄႝཱུ ऊࣁ 3.5cmu3.5cmǴϩձ‫ڀک݈୏ࢲܭۓڰ‬Ԗу዗෇ϷհࠅНࢬၰ‫ޑ‬ѳѠ 13.

(24) ΢ǴЪႝཱུᆶࢲ୏݈ϷѳѠ໔Ԗ๊ጔ‫׷‬਑଺ႝ๊ጔߥៈǴ‫ୁٿ݈ۭܭۓڰ‬ ϐུ‫׎‬༧ᐒᄬࢂҔٰЍኖࢲ୏݈٠ၲ‫ډ‬ፓ᏾ႝཱུ໔ຯ‫ޑ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬Ƕႝཱུ‫׷‬਑ࣁ आልǴϩձௗႝጕԿႝྍ‫ٮ‬ᔈᏔ‫҅ޑ‬ǵॄཱུǴ‫ٿ‬ႝཱུ໔‫ޑ‬ѳՉࡋ࿶ၸਠ҅ ࡕᇤৡӧ 20Pm аϣǶ‫׷‬਑࿼‫ٿܭ‬ႝཱུ໔Ǵ࿶җྕࡋ௓‫ڋ‬Ꮤᒡрႝࢬ๏у ዗෇ჹ‫׷‬਑຾Չу዗Ǵ٠ёௗԏ዗ႝଽ‫܌‬ໆෳ‫׷‬਑‫ૻࡋྕޑ‬ဦ଺ӣ㎸௓ ‫ڋ‬Ƕհࠅ೽ϩ߾Ҕኳྕᐒ຾ՉНհࠅǴӵკ 3.5 ‫܌‬ҢǶ 3.2.2 ჴᡍϷໆෳሺᏔ! ႝྍ‫ٮ‬ᔈᏔǺᔏֻႝηᇙǴࠠဦࣁ CD-350-002ASǴӵკ 3.2 ‫܌‬ҢǶࣁёፓ ᏾ႝᓸᆶႝࢬϐ‫ࢬޔ‬ႝྍ‫ٮ‬ᔈᏔǴനεᒡрႝᓸё‫ ډ‬350 ҷ ੝Ǵനεᒡрႝࢬё‫ ډ‬2 Ӽ୻Ƕ ྕࡋ௓‫ڋ‬ᏔǺShinko Technos ᇙǴࠠဦࣁ MCS-130Ǵӵკ 3.3 ‫܌‬ҢǶё຾ Չ PID ௓‫ڋ‬Ǵ௓‫ࡋྕڋ‬ጄൎനଯԿ 400ʚǶ ኳྕᐒǺࣽ୷Ҿ཰ᇙǴᐒࠠࣁ MTC-17-SǶೱௗԿу዗ѳѠϐհࠅНࢬ ၰǴჹѳѠ຾ՉհࠅǶ ᚈືᔒᇙᐒǺѶྤᐒఓᇙǴࠠဦࣁ PYSO-30-36-2VǴф౗ 10 H.P.Ǵᙯೲࣁ 0 ~ 400rpmǶ ୃӀᡉ༾᜔ǺAxioskop 40ǴZeiss ᇙǴҞ᜔७౗ࣁ 10XǴ‫߾᜔ނ‬Ԗ 5Xǵ 10Xǵ20Xǵ50Xǵ100XǴଛഢୃӀ᜔ǵံᓭ݈Ϸ CCD ቹႽ ᘏ‫سڗ‬಍ǴΨё྽բ΋૓ӀᏢᡉ༾᜔٬ҔǶӵკ 3.4 ‫܌‬ҢǶ ൑ว৔௟ඔԄႝηᡉ༾᜔Ǻᐒࠠࣁ HITACHI S-4000Ǵှ‫ࡋ݋‬ёၲ 1.5nmǴ ‫ܫ‬ε७౗ࣁ 30 ७Կ 300000 ७Ƕ Ңৡ௟ඔьी(Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC)Κᐒࠠࣁ DSC 2910Ǵ Du Pont Instrument ᇙǶ. 3.3 ჴᡍБ‫ݤ‬ २Ӄஒ‫׷‬਑዗ᓸԿ፾྽‫(ࡋࠆޑ‬ऊ 0.5mm)Ǵ٠‫ڗ‬ऊКႝཱུय़ᑈัε΋ ٤ϐ‫׷‬਑࿼‫ٿܭ‬ႝཱུϐ໔Ǵ٩Ᏽటࡼуႝ൑ελፓ᏾፾྽‫ޑ‬ႝཱུ໔ຯǴฅ 14.

(25) ࡕჹ‫׷‬਑у዗Կᅙᑼ‫ރ‬ᄊǴ٠ᆢ࡭΋ࢤਔ໔Ǵዴߥ‫׷‬਑ϣ೽‫่ޑ‬඲ֹӄᅙ ϯǴϩη᜘ֹӄ՜৖໒ٰǶௗΠٰ௴୏ኳྕᐒ٬Н໒‫ۈ‬ൻᕉǴჹ‫׷‬਑຾Չ հࠅǴ೭ਔϩη᜘཮຾Չख़ཥ௨ӈ‫่܈‬඲ǴӧԜය໔໒௴ႝྍ‫ٮ‬ᔈᏔǴග ‫ٮ‬ႝᓸǴ٬ႝཱུ໔‫׷ޑ‬਑‫ډڙ‬ႝ൑բҔǶհࠅၸำёϩࣁ฻ྕ่඲ᆶߚ฻ ྕ่඲ၸำǴႝ൑மࡋࢂЬा‫ׯ‬ᡂ‫ୖޑ‬ኧǴႝ൑‫ࡼޑ‬уБԄёԖӧᅙᑼᄊ ࡼуǵӧफ़ྕၸำࡼуǵӧ࡭ྕၸำࡼуΟᅿ௃‫ޑݩ‬௨ӈಔӝǶ ࡑ‫׷‬਑հࠅԿ࠻ྕ‫ڰ‬ϯࡕǴ࿶җϪТǵࣴᑃǵᇑ‫څ‬ǵᘢᗓ฻ೀ౛Ǵᢀ ჸ‫ځ‬ᡉ༾ಔᙃǴ่඲‫׷܄‬਑ёҔ DSC ෳ‫่ځ‬඲ࡋǶ٠ᆶ҂ࡼуႝ൑ϐ၂ ТКၨǴ‫פ‬р‫ځ‬ύ‫ޑ‬ৡ౦Ƕ. 15.

(26) კ 3.1 ჴᡍး࿼Ьᡏࢎᄬ. კ 3.2 ‫ࢬޔ‬ႝྍ‫ٮ‬ᔈᏔ. 16.

(27) კ 3.3 ྕࡋ௓‫ڋ‬Ꮤ. კ 3.4 ୃӀᡉ༾᜔ ! 17.

(28) ಃѤക!ႝ൑ჹ PVDF ่඲‫׎‬ԋϐቹៜ ! 4.1 ჴᡍࢬำ ҁჴᡍ٩հࠅၸำ‫ޑ‬όӕёϩࣁ฻ྕ่඲‫ߚک‬฻ྕ่඲ၸำ‫ٿ‬εᜪǴ ϩॊӵΠ 1. ฻ྕ่඲ၸำ a. 142ʚ฻ྕ่඲Ǻஒ PVDF ‫׷‬਑࿼‫ܭ‬ႝཱུ໔у዗Կ 200ʚ٠ᆢ࡭ 10 ϩដǴௗ๱ஒ‫׷‬਑फ़ྕԿ่඲ྕࡋ 142ʚ٠࡭ྕǴӧ࡭ྕၸำύӄ ำࡼуႝ൑ǴനࡕǴஒႝ൑ញନ٠հࠅ‫׷‬਑Կ࠻ྕǶ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ਔ ໔ࣁ 30 ϩដϷ 2 λਔǶ! b. 165ʚ฻ྕ่඲Ǻஒ‫׷‬਑у዗Կ 200ʚ٠ᆢ࡭ 10 ϩដǴฅࡕफ़ྕԿ ่඲ྕࡋ 165ʚ٠࡭ྕ 30 ϩដǴϐࡕհࠅԿ࠻ྕǶհࠅၸำёϩࣁ ΟࢤǴӵკ 4.1 ‫܌‬ҢǴႝ൑ࡼу‫ޑ‬ਔ໔Ԗ(1) t2ǵ(2) t1 + t2ǵ(3) t2 + t3ǵ(4) t1 + t2 + t3Ѥᅿ௃‫׎‬Ƕ 2. ߚ฻ྕ่඲ၸำ a. ஒ‫׷‬਑у዗Կ 200ʚ٠ᆢ࡭ 10 ϩដǴฅࡕаѳ֡ 25ʚ/min.ϐೲ౗ հࠅԿ࠻ྕǴ٠ӧհࠅ‫ޑ‬ၸำࡼуႝ൑Ƕ! b. ஒ‫׷‬਑у዗Կ 200ʚ٠ᆢ࡭ 10 ϩដࡕǴࡼуႝ൑ 60 ࣾǴฅࡕញନ ႝ൑٠аհН‫ז‬ೲհࠅϐǶ !!!!ჴᡍࡕ‫܌‬ள‫ډ‬ϐ၂ТҔనᄊේ຾ՉຬեྕઇТǴ‫ڗ‬᎞߈ύ໔ᄒय़‫ޑ‬೽ ϩ຾ՉୃӀᡉ༾᜔‫ޑ‬ᢀჸϷҢৡ௟ᅲьी(DSC)‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ƕ‫ځ‬ύୃӀᡉ༾ᢀ ჸሡஒ၂ТϪԋ 20 ~ 50Pm ࠆࡋϐᖓТǶ ! 4.2 ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ! 4.2.1 POM ᢀჸ PVDF ࢂ่ܰ඲‫ޑ‬ଯϩη‫׷‬਑Ǵ‫܌‬аӧ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬చҹΠࡐ৒ܰᢀჸ ‫ډ‬ౚ඲Ƕკ 4.2 ᡉҢӧ 142ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដ‫ୃޑ‬Ӏᡉ༾ྣТǴ྽่඲ၸ 18.

(29) ำύคࡼуႝ൑ਔǴ‫׎܌‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ౚ඲‫ޔ‬৩ऊ 20Pm ѰѓǴ྽ႝ൑ࣁ 200V/mm ਔǴౚ඲ελᗨฅؒԖϼε‫ޑ‬ᡂϯǴՠࢂԖ΋٤႟ࢃ‫ޑ‬ಒλౚ඲р౜Ƕ྽ ႝ൑ቚԿ 500V/mm ‫ ک‬700V/mm ਔǴౚ඲ελ߾फ़Կ 15Pm аΠǴЪಒλ ‫ޑ‬ౚ඲ኧҞԖቚуᖿ༈ǶԄ(7)ᇥܴ྽ႝ൑ࡼуਔǴԋਡ‫܌‬ሡԾҗૈफ़եǴ ٬ள‫׷‬਑ӧ่඲ၸำύԋਡ‫׳‬৒ܰǴӢԜӧ฻ྕ่඲ၸำࡼуႝ൑٬ԋਡ ኧҞቚуǴ྽ႝ൑ၨλਔǴԜਏᔈόᡉ๱Ǵ඲ਡ‫ޑ‬ቚуόܰǴ‫׎‬ԋ‫่ޑ‬඲ ಒλЪϿǶ྽ႝ൑ၨεਔǴ඲ਡቚуၨӭǴΨԖၨкϩ‫ޑ‬ᐒ཮ԋߏǴ٬ள Ӛঁౚ඲ӧԋߏਔ‫׳‬৒ܰ࿘ӧ΋ଆǴว৖‫ޜ‬໔‫ڙ‬ቹៜǴᏤठౚ඲‫ޑ‬Ёκ཮ ᡂλǶऩஒ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ਔ໔܎ߏԿ 2 λਔǴӵკ 4.3 ‫܌‬ҢǴ྽ႝ൑ཇε ਔǴѳ֡ౚ඲ЁκϝฅԖ෧λ‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǴՠӢ่඲ԋߏ‫ޑ‬ਔ໔ၨߏǴջ٬ၨ ᄌғԋ‫ޑ‬ਡΨૈкϩ‫ޑ‬ԋߏǴࡺ᏾ᡏ΢ౚ඲‫ޑ‬ελϩթၨࣁѳ֡Ƕ ӧ 165ʚ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ჴᡍύǴ჋၂ΑѤᅿόӕ‫ޑ‬ႝ൑ࡼуБ‫(ݤ‬ӵკ 4.1)аᢀჸόӕ‫ޑ‬ႝ൑ࡼуБԄჹ่඲ಔᙃ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴ่݀ӵკ 4.4 ~ კ 4.6 ‫܌‬ҢǶ᏾ᡏԶ‫ق‬Ǵѝӧ฻ྕၸำύࡼуႝ൑(Б‫(ݤ‬1))‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ౚ඲ၨհࠅ ၸำԖуႝ൑(Б‫(ݤ‬2)ǵ(3)ǵ(4))‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ౚ඲ٰ‫ޑ‬εǴЪελၨόѳ֡Ƕ Ӣࣁӧհࠅ‫ޑ‬ၸำύϝฅԖёԋਡ‫୔ࡋྕޑ‬໔ǴӧհࠅၸำύΨࡼуႝ൑ ཮Ԗ‫׳‬ӭቚ຾ԋਡ‫ޑ‬ᐒ཮Ǵள‫׳ډ‬ӭኧҞ‫ޑ‬඲ਡǴ٬ளচҁૈԋߏ‫ډ‬ၨε ‫ޑ‬ౚ඲‫ځډڙ‬дౚ඲ϐቹៜѝૈߏ‫ډ‬ၨλ‫ޑ‬ЁκǴӢԜБ‫(ݤ‬2)ϷБ‫(ݤ‬3)ள ‫ډ‬ၨБ‫(ݤ‬1)Ёκ֡Ϭ‫ޑ‬ౚ඲ǶฅԶǴѤᅿБԄύаӄำࡼуႝ൑‫ޑ‬చҹΠ ૈள‫ډ‬ന֡Ϭ‫ޑ‬ౚ඲ЁκǴՠѳ֡ЁκКБ‫(ݤ‬2)ϷБ‫(ݤ‬3)‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ౚ඲ั εǶԜѦБ‫(ݤ‬2)ϷБ‫(ݤ‬3)ϐ၂Тύၨε‫ޑ‬ౚ඲ύ཮р౜ᕉ‫׎‬દၡǶ ӧߚ฻ྕ่඲Бय़ǴӢࣁ่඲‫ૈ܌‬ԋߏ‫ޑ‬ය໔ࡐอǴ‫܌‬ள‫ޑ‬ౚ඲දၹ ၨλǴЀ‫ځ‬Б‫ ݤ‬b Ӣࣁհࠅ‫ז׳‬Ǵ่඲൩‫׳‬λǴ‫܌‬аႝ൑ჹനࡕள‫ډ‬ϐౚ ඲ЁκቹៜόεǶόၸ‫ډڙ‬ႝ൑٬ԋਡ౗ቚу‫ޑ‬ਏᔈǴऩԖࡼуႝ൑Ǵ‫܌‬ ள‫่ޑډ‬඲ஏࡋ཮КؒԖࡼуႝ൑ٰ‫ޑ‬ε٤Ǵӵკ 4.7 ‫܌‬ҢǶԶკ 4.8 ᡉ Ң྽ႝ൑ࡼуǴ่඲ஏࡋΨԖᡂε‫่݀ޑ‬Ǵ߄Ңႝ൑ӧᅙᑼᄊ‫ޑ‬բҔǴё а٬հࠅ߃යਔ඲ਡ‫ז‬ೲғԋǴᔆံӢ‫ז‬ೲհࠅόճ඲ਡ‫׎‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶ Կ‫ܭ‬ӚᅿచҹΠ‫่ޑ‬඲ࡋค‫ݤ‬வ POM ᢀჸύள‫่݀ډ‬ǴӢࣁ‫׎‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ ඲ਡӭ٠όж߄നࡕ൩ૈள‫ډ‬ၨε‫่ޑ‬඲ࡋǴᗋाຎౚ඲ғߏೲ౗Զ‫ۓ‬Ƕ 19.

(30) ӧΠ΋࿯ύ཮௶ॊа DSC ෳ‫ۓ‬ϐ่݀Ƕ 4.2.2 DSC ໆෳ ଯϩη‫׷‬਑ा่඲ਔሡा‫ܫ‬዗Ǵϸϐाஒ่඲ᅙϯ߾ሡ֎ԏ዗ໆǴճ ҔԜ੝‫܄‬ǴёаҔDSCٰ଺่඲‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ƕ྽‫׷‬਑у዗ਔǴDSC૶ᒵ዗ࢬໆ (heat flow)ᆶྕࡋ‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯Ǵၶ‫่ډ‬඲ᅙϯਔ཮‫׎‬ԋ‫ݢ‬ঢ়Ǵஒ዗ࢬໆჹਔ໔ ᑈϩǴᆉр‫ݢ‬ঢ়ϐय़ᑈջࣁ่඲ᅙϯ዗ǴऩஒԜᅙϯ዗ନаֹӄ่඲ਔϐ ᅙϯ዗(ёࢗ᎙࣬ᜢЋн)߾ёᆉр࣬ჹ่඲ࡋǶԜѦǴऩၶ‫׷ډ‬਑‫࣒ޑ‬ዟ ᙯ౽ྕࡋ(Tg)߾཮‫׎‬ԋ΋໘ఊ‫ޑރ‬ᙯ‫ש‬Ǵ‫ځפ‬ϸԔᗺջё‫؃‬ளTgᗺǶҁჴ ᡍϐDSCϩ‫݋‬வ 50ʚу዗‫ ډ‬250ʚǴа 20ʚ/minϐу዗ೲ౗௟ᅲǶ ӵ߄ 4.1 ‫܌‬ҢǴໆෳ 142ʚ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ᅙϯ዗ёว౜ǴԖуႝ൑཮ள ‫ډ‬ၨε‫่ޑ‬඲ᅙϯ዗ǴΨ൩ࢂ่඲ࡋၨε‫ޑ‬ཀࡘǴЪᒿ๱ႝ൑மࡋཇεǴ ่඲ࡋΨԖቚу‫ޑ‬ᖿ༈ǶԜѦӵ߄ 4.2 ‫܌‬ҢǴӧ 165ʚ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬Π Ψёள‫ډ‬Ԗуႝ൑཮Ԗၨε่඲ࡋ‫่݀ޑ‬Ƕ ߄ 4.2 ᡉҢόӕႝ൑ࡼуБԄჹ่඲ࡋ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶӧБ‫(ݤ‬3)ύǴཀջவ 165ʚհࠅԿ࠻ྕԖуႝ൑‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬ΠǴૈள‫ډ‬КБ‫(ݤ‬1)(ѝԖӧ฻ྕၸำу ႝ൑)ε‫่ޑ‬඲ࡋǶӢࣁӧ฻ྕ่඲ਔ໔่‫ࡕ״‬Ǵς‫׎‬ԋϐౚ඲ό৒ܰӧԜ ࢤհࠅၸำύᝩុ‫ז‬ೲԋߏǴ‫ډڙ‬ႝ൑ቹៜԶቚғϐ඲ਡΨૈ୼‫׎‬ԋ΋٤ ่඲Ǵගϲ่඲ࡋǶԿ‫ܭ‬வᅙᑼᄊհࠅԖуႝ൑‫ޑ‬Б‫(ݤ‬2)ϷБ‫(ݤ‬4)‫܌‬ள‫ډ‬ ‫่ޑ‬඲ࡋᆶБ‫(ݤ‬1)ϐ่඲ࡋ٠ค࣬ৡϼӭǶԜѦӧკ 4.9 ύΨว౜Ǵ165 ʚ฻ྕ่඲คࡼуႝ൑Π཮Ԗ‫ݢঁٿ‬ঢ়р౜ǴѰᜐၨλ‫ࢂޑ‬D࣬Ǵၨε‫ޑ‬ ߾ࢂJ࣬ǴӢࣁJ࣬Ԗཱུ‫܄‬Ǵ྽ႝ൑ࡼуਔǴགᔈ‫ځ‬ႝଽཱུ௨ӛǴJ่࣬඲ғ ԋ‫ޑ‬К‫ٯ‬ቚуǴD่࣬඲෧ϿǴӵკ 4.10 ‫܌‬ҢǴӢࣁD࣬ϐঢ়ഗӧJ࣬‫ݢޑ‬ ঢ়ϣǴࡺ࣮ଆٰѝԖ΋࣬Ƕ ӧհࠅೲ౗ 25ʚ/min ϐჴᡍύǴࡼуႝ൑ࡕ‫่ޑ‬඲ࡋᡂϯόεǴӵ߄ 4.3 ‫܌‬ҢǴёૈࢂӢࣁᗨฅႝ൑٬ԋਡ‫׳‬৒ܰǴՠࢂ೭٤ቚу‫ޑ‬඲ਡΨ‫׭‬ ‫ڋ‬Αচҁςߏԋၨεౚ඲‫ޑ‬ԋߏǶऩаၨ‫ޑז‬ೲࡋհࠅǴ߾่඲ࡋ཮Кၨ եǴӵ߄ 4.4 ‫܌‬ҢǴЪуΑႝ൑ࡕ่඲ࡋ཮ၨคႝ൑Ԗܴᡉ‫ޑ‬ගϲǴӢࣁ ӧ‫ז‬ೲհࠅਔǴ่඲ό৒ܰԋߏࡐεǴࡺ่඲ࡋЬा،‫ܭۓ‬඲ᡏ‫ޑ‬ኧໆǴ 20.

(31) Զᅙᑼᄊࡼуႝ൑ё٬հࠅਔ඲ਡၨܰ‫׎‬ԋǴ٬λౚ඲ኧໆቚуǴ೭ᔈࢂ ่඲ࡋගଯ‫ޑ‬চӢǶ 4.2.3 ่ፕ ჹൂ΋‫׷ޑ‬਑ࡼуႝ൑‫ځ‬ჴቹៜԖज़ǴЬाࢂӧ่඲‫ޑ‬ኧໆаϷελ Бय़ǶҞ߻‫่ޑ‬඲౛ፕ೿ࢂа฻ྕ่඲‫ރ‬ᄊΠѐ௖૸Ǵࡺाှញႝ൑ӧߚ ฻ྕ่඲‫ک‬฻ྕ่඲ྕࡋቬᐕύफ़ྕ೽ϩ‫ޑ‬ቹៜ่݀Ԗ‫֚ځ‬ᜤࡋǶԜѦǴ H. L. Marand ‫ޑ‬ႝ൑ჹ่඲ቹៜ౛ፕࢂҔԋਡ‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺٰှញǴΨ൩ࢂჹԋ ਡ௓‫୔ڋ‬ୱ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴԶႝ൑ჹ‫ܭ‬ᘉණ௓‫୔ڋ‬ୱ‫ޑ‬ቹៜࣁՖǴӵϩηᗗၠຫ ่඲ૈምϷᗹࡋ฻ቹៜǴа΢‫ٿ‬ᗺ೿ሡाӆ຾΋‫ޑ؁‬౛ፕ௢ᏤωૈၨΑှ ‫ܴځ‬ዴ‫ޑ‬ᐒ‫ڋ‬Ƕ. 21.

(32) ߄ 4.1 PVDF142ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដϐ่඲ᅙϯ዗ ࡼуႝ൑ (V/mm). ่඲ᅙϯ዗ (J/g). 0. 54.61. 300. 56.82. 500. 59.01. 700. 59.61. ߄ 4.2 PVDF165ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដϐ่඲ᅙϯ዗ ࡼуႝ൑ (V/mm). ࡼуႝ൑БԄ. ่඲ᅙϯ዗ (J/g). 0. ˇˇˇ. 55.10. 700. (1)ѝԖ฻ྕၸำуႝ൑. 56.98. 700. (2)வᅙᑼफ़ྕϷ฻ྕၸำуႝ൑. 56.60. 700. (3)฻ྕၸำϷհࠅԿ࠻ྕуႝ൑. 59.04. 700. (4)հࠅᆶ฻ྕၸำ֡уႝ൑. 56.92. ߄ 4.3 PVDF ߚ฻ྕ่඲Ǵհࠅೲ౗ 25ʚ/min ϐ่඲ᅙϯ዗ ࡼуႝ൑ (V/mm). ่඲ᅙϯ዗ (J/g). 0. 52.44. 700. 52.76. ߄ 4.4 PVDF ӧ 200ʚࡼуႝ൑ 60 ࣾࡕ‫ז‬ೲհࠅϐ่඲ᅙϯ዗ ࡼуႝ൑ (V/mm). ่඲ᅙϯ዗ (J/g). 0. 46.70. 700. 50.88. 22.

(33) კ 4.1 ฻ྕ่඲ၸำႝ൑ࡼуБԄ. 0 V/mm. 200 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 700 V/mm. კ 4.2 PVDF142ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដϐୃӀᡉ༾ྣТ 23.

(34) 300 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 700 V/mm. კ 4.3 PVDF142ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 2 λਔϐୃӀᡉ༾ྣТ. 24.

(35) ႝ൑ࡼуБԄ(1). ႝ൑ࡼуБԄ(2). ႝ൑ࡼуБԄ(3). ႝ൑ࡼуБԄ(4). კ 4.4 PVDF165ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដǴE = 300 V/mm. 25.



(38) 0 V/mm. 300 V/mm. 700 V/mm. კ 4.7 PVDF ߚ฻ྕ่඲Ǵհࠅೲ౗ऊ 25ʚ/min.. 28.

(39) 0 V/mm. 200 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 700 V/mm. კ 4.8 PVDF ӧ 200ʚࡼуႝ൑ 60 ࣾࡕ‫ז‬ೲհࠅ. 29.

(40) კ 4.9 PVDF165ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដϐ DSC ௟ᅲǴE = 0V/mm. კ 4.10 PVDF165ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 30 ϩដϐ DSC ௟ᅲǴE = 700V/mm. 30.

(41) ಃϖക!ႝ൑ჹ PVDF ᆫᄞ‫׎ނ‬ᄊϐቹៜ ! 5.1 ჴᡍࢬำ PVDF ᆶ PPǵABSǵPMMA ֡аख़ໆ 10 К 90 ϐК‫ٯ‬షӝǴ‫ܫ‬Ε੗ ጃύଳᔿǴฅࡕ٬Ҕᚈືᔒᇙᐒషግ‫ٿ‬ԛǴനࡕǴஒ‫܌‬ள‫ډ‬ϐ‫׷‬਑ᗭಈ዗ ᓸԋࠆࡋऊࣁ 0.5mm ϐТ‫׷‬Ǵ຾Չ฻ྕ่඲ᆶߚ฻ྕ่඲ჴᡍǶ ฻ ྕ ่ ඲ Б य़ Ǵ ஒ ‫ ׷‬਑ у ዗ Կ ᅙ ᑼ ᄊ ྕ ࡋ (PVDF/PP ࣁ 200 ʚ Ǵ PVDF/ABS ࣁ 220ʚǴPVDF/PMMA ࣁ 210ʚ)٠ᆢ࡭ 10 ϩដǴฅࡕफ़ྕ Կ่඲ྕࡋ 145ʚ࡭ྕ 10 ϩដǴനࡕհࠅԿ࠻ྕǶႝ൑ࡼу‫ޑ‬БԄԖӵკ 4.1 ‫܌‬Ңϐ(1)ǵ(4)‫ٿ‬ᅿБԄǶ ߚ฻ྕ่඲Бय़Ǵஒ‫׷‬਑у዗Կ΢ॊᅙᑼᄊྕࡋ٠ᆢ࡭ 10 ϩដǴฅ ࡕϩ‫ٿ‬ᅿ௃‫ࡼݩ‬уႝ൑Ǵ΋ࢂ‫ޔ‬ௗհࠅԿ࠻ྕ٠ӧԜਔࡼуႝ൑Ǵќ΋ࢂ ӧᅙᑼᄊྕࡋуႝ൑ 2 ϩដࡕӆհࠅԿ࠻ྕǴႝ൑ӧհࠅၸำύ࡭ុࡼ уǴӵკ 5.1 ‫܌‬ҢǶհࠅೲ౗ऊࣁ 35ʚ/min.Ƕ. 5.2 ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ! 5.2.1 PVDF/PP ၂Тϐೀ౛Ϸᢀჸ Ӣࣁ PVDF ᆶ PP ೿ࢂ่ܰ඲ϐ‫׷‬਑Ǵ‫܌‬аઇТϐࡕӃ࿶ၸຬᖓϪТ ຾ՉୃӀᡉ༾ᢀჸǶკ 5.2 ‫܌‬ҢϩձࣁؒԖуႝ൑Π฻ྕ่඲Ϸߚ฻ྕ่ ඲่݀ϐྣТǴՠࢂค‫ݤ‬ϩᒣ‫ޣٿ‬ϐ่඲Ǵ‫ځ‬дచҹ‫ޑ‬၂ТΨࢂӵԜǴࡺ ‫ׯ‬௦Ҕϸ৔ԄӀᏢᡉ༾᜔Ϸ SEM ᢀჸǴᢀჸ߻ӃஒઇТࡕ‫ޑ‬၂Т຾Չ 80 ࣾႌ⑵ӝߎᘢᗓೀ౛Ƕ კ 5.3 Ϸკ 5.4 ‫܌‬Ңϩձࣁ฻ྕ่඲Ϸߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТǴ ႝ൑ࡼуБӛࣁ΢Πࠟ‫ޔ‬БӛǶคࡼуႝ൑ਔǴ‫׷‬਑ϣ೽֡ؒԖ੝ਸ่ᄬ ᡉ౜ǴՠࢂуΑႝ൑ࡕǴԖଛӛ่ᄬр౜ǴЪႝ൑ཇεਏ݀ཇܴᡉǶΞଛ ӛ่ᄬӧࢬ୏‫܄‬ၨӳ‫ރޑ‬ᄊၨ৒ܰ‫׎‬ԋǴࡺӧ฻ྕ่඲ύǴհࠅਔуႝ൑ КѝԖ฻ྕၸำуႝ൑‫ޑ‬ଛӛਏ݀ᡉ๱ǹԶߚ฻ྕ่඲ύǴᅙᑼᄊԖуႝ 31.

(42) ൑ΨК໒‫ۈ‬հࠅωуႝ൑‫ޑ‬ਏ݀ᡉ๱ǴԜ௃‫׎‬ӧႝ൑ࣁ 300V/mm ਔനܴ ᡉǶӧკ 5.5 Ϸ 5.6 ‫ ޑ‬SEM ྣТύΨё࣮‫ډ‬ᜪ՟‫ޑ‬ଛӛ่݀ǴభՅϐᗭಈ ‫ࣁރ‬ϩණϐ PVDF ࣬Ǵ࿶ႝ൑ቹៜࡕԖևႝ൑Бӛ௨ӈϐᖿ༈Ǵ٠ቹៜ PP ‫୏ࢬޑ‬Ǵ٬᏾ᡏ‫׎‬ԋ‫ڀ‬ଛӛ‫ޑ܄‬ଯ໘่ᄬǶ ӧ DSC ϩ‫่݀݋‬Бय़Ǵ฻ྕ่඲ၸำ‫܌‬ᡉҢϐ‫ݢ‬ঢ়Ѱᜐऊӧ 134ʚ‫ޑ‬ ӦБؒԖܴᡉ‫ޑ‬сଆ‫ݢ‬ঢ়Ǵӵკ 5.7 ‫܌‬ҢǴՠࢂߚ฻ྕ่඲ၸำ߾Ԗ΋ܴ ᡉ‫ޑ‬λсଆ‫ݢ‬ঢ়Ǵӵკ 5.8 ‫܌‬ҢǴ߄Ңӧߚ฻ྕ่඲ၸำ PVDF ่඲՞᏾ ᡏ่඲‫ޑ‬К‫ٯ‬К฻ྕ่඲ၸำଯǶӢࣁ PP ‫่ޑ‬඲ೲ౗К PVDF ‫ז‬Ъ՞ԋ ҽК‫ٯ‬εǴӧ฻ྕ่඲ਔǴᝡ‫่݀ݾ‬όճ PVDF ่඲ϐว৖ǴԶӧߚ฻ྕ ่඲ύǴPP ่඲ԋߏਔ໔෧ϿǴPVDF ่඲ளаԖၨӭᐒ཮ว৖ǴЪႝ൑ ࡼуࡕ٬ PVDF ԋਡቚуǴΨε൯ගϲΑ่඲ࡋǶ 5.2.2 PVDF/ABS ၂Тϐೀ౛Ϸᢀჸ ‫׷‬਑ҔనᄊේઇТࡕӃаୃӀᡉ༾᜔ᢀჸǴՠӢ่඲‫ ޑ܄‬PVDF ѝԖ 10%Ǵόܰᢀჸ‫ډ‬ౚ඲Ƕࡺа SEM ϷӀᏢᡉ༾᜔ᢀჸϐǶ ઇТࡕ‫ޑ‬၂Т຾Չ 80 ࣾႌ⑵ӝߎᘢᗓೀ౛Ǵ຾Չ SEM ᢀჸǴ่݀ӵ კ 5.9 Ϸკ 5.10 ‫܌‬ҢǴႝ൑Бӛࣁ΢Πࠟ‫ޔ‬БӛǶ྽คࡼуႝ൑ਔǴև౜ ᡒТ‫܈ރ‬εТၨѳ‫୔ڶ‬ୱǴ྽ႝ൑ࡼу‫ ډ‬500V/mm ਔ཮໒‫ۈ‬р౜໩๱ႝ ൑Бӛϐచદ่ᄬǴ‫ډ‬Α 700V/mm ਔǴԜ่ᄬֹӄ܎‫ޔ‬٠൳Яᆶႝ൑Б ӛ΋ठǶ ԜѦΨ჋၂ᢀჸ࿶ၸᇑ‫څ‬ೀ౛‫ޑ‬ᄒय़ǴӃஒ၂Тࣴኳ‫ܙ‬ӀࡕǴӆҔЧ ✉ᇑ‫ څ‬5 ࣾដǴؑࢱࡕஒϐᘢᗓ 80 ࣾǴฅࡕҔӀᏢᡉ༾᜔ᢀჸǴ่݀ӵ კ 5.11 Ϸ 5.12 ‫܌‬ҢǶᇑ‫ࡕֹڅ‬ᗨԖև౜ီᆂ‫ޑރ‬Ͼࢰ‫ࢂ܈‬ᗭಈ‫ޑރ‬с ଆǴόၸค‫ݤ‬ϩᒣႝ൑ࡼуࡕଯ໘่ᄬ‫ޑ‬ৡ౦ǶԜѦ PVDF ‫ޑ‬ϩණ࣬ёૈ ೏ ABS ֹӄхൎՐǴΞЧ✉ྋှ ABS ‫ޑ‬ೲࡋࡐ‫ז‬ǴӧྋှਔྋᏊஒ‫࣬ٿ‬ ӄ೽஥‫و‬Ǵค‫ݤ‬ள‫ډ‬ϩᒣ‫ޑ࣬ٿ‬ਏ݀Ƕ DSC ໆෳБय़ǴӢࣁ‫׷‬਑ε೽ϩࣁό‫׎ۓ‬Ǵࡺໆрٰ‫่ޑ‬඲዗ࡐλǴ ่݀ӵ߄ 5.1 Ϸ 5.2 ‫܌‬ҢǴ฻ྕ่඲Πࡼуႝ൑཮٬่඲ቚуǴߚ฻ྕ่ ඲Πࡼуႝ൑߾཮٬่඲෧ϿǶ 32.

(43) 5.2.3 PVDF/PMMA ၂Тϐೀ౛Ϸᢀჸ Ԝ‫׷‬਑ճҔୃӀᡉ༾᜔Ϸ SEM ֡ค‫ݤ‬ԖਏᢀჸǴӢԜᒧ᏷ᇑ‫ࡕڅ‬ҔӀ Ꮲᡉ༾᜔ᢀჸǶ၂Т࿶ઇТࡕஒϐࣴᑃ‫ܙ‬ӀǴӆҔЧ✉ᇑ‫ څ‬5 ࣾដǴؑࢱ ଳృࡕᘢᗓႌ⑵ӝߎ 50 ࣾǴω຾ՉᢀჸǶ่݀ӵკ 5.13 Ϸ 5.14Ƕ ӧ฻ྕ่඲‫่݀ޑ‬ύǴӧ҂уႝ൑ਔёа࣮‫ډ‬җ΋ύЈᗺӛ‫ڬ‬ൎว৖ ٠և༝‫ޑ׎‬ᐋ݄‫่ރ‬ᄬǴҬᒱӦ௨ӈӧ‫׷‬਑ύǴ྽ႝ൑ࡼуࡕǴ೭٤ኧ݄ ‫ޑރ‬દၡ཮ᡂభǴ‫ࢂ܈‬ό‫ـ‬Ƕߚ฻ྕ่඲‫่݀ޑ‬ύǴΨ཮р౜Ԝኧ݄‫ޑރ‬ ่ᄬǴՠ٠όӵ฻ྕ่඲૓᏾ሸҬᒱ௨ӈǴ྽ႝ൑ࡼуࡕǴદၡΨ཮ᡂ భǴЪ᏾ᡏٰ࣮཮և౜ၨόೕ߾‫ޑ‬εТсଆ୔༧Ƕ೭٤༝‫ࢂ܈׎‬όೕ߾‫ޑ‬ ୔༧კਢǴ࣮ଆٰᗨฅࡐႽౚ඲Ǵՠࢂ่඲‫܄‬ϐ PVDF ‫܌‬՞К‫ٯ‬ѝԖ 10%ǴЪӧ DSC ໆෳਔ൳Я࣮ό‫่ډ‬඲ᅙϯ‫ݢޑ‬ঢ়Ǵࡺۘόૈޭ‫ۓ‬Ԝ୔༧ ࣁౚ඲Ƕ. 33.

(44) ߄ 5.1 PVDF/ABS(10/90)145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐ่඲ᅙϯ዗ ႝ൑ࡼуచҹ. ่඲ᅙϯ዗ (J/g). 0 V/mm. 0.4336. 700 V/mm. 0.4991. 700 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). 0.8349. ߄ 5.2 PVDF/ABS(10/90)ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐ่඲ᅙϯ዗ ႝ൑ࡼуచҹ. ่඲ᅙϯ዗ (J/g). 0 V/mm. 0.4784. 700 V/mm. 0.2322. 700 V/mm (220ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). 0.3752. 34.

(45) (a). (b) კ 5.1 PVDF ᆫᄞ‫ߚނ‬฻ྕ่඲ၸำႝ൑ࡼуБԄ. 145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដ. ߚ฻ྕ่඲Ǵհࠅೲ౗ऊ 35ʚ/min.. კ 5.2 PVDF/PP(10/90)ϐୃӀᡉ༾ྣТ(คࡼуႝ൑). 35.

(46) 0 V/mm. 300 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). 300 V/mm. 600 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). 600 V/mm. 1000 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). კ 5.3 PVDF/PP(10/90) 145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТ. 36.

(47) 0 V/mm. 300 V/mm. 300 V/mm (200ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). 600 V/mm. 600 V/mm (200ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). 1000 V/mm 1000 V/mm (200ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ) კ 5.4 PVDF/PP(10/90) ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТ 37.

(48) 0 V/mm. 300 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). 600 V/mm. 1000 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). კ 5.5 PVDF/PP(10/90) 145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐ SEM ྣТ. 38.

(49) 0 V/mm. 300 V/mm. 600 V/mm. 1000 V/mm. 1000 V/mm (200ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). კ 5.6 PVDF/PP(10/90)ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐ SEM ྣТ. 39.

(50) (a) E = 0V/mm. (b) E = 600V/mm. (c) E = 1000V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑) კ 5.7 PVDF/PP(10/90) 145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐ DSC ௟ᅲ 40.

(51) (a) E = 0V/mm. (b) E = 600V/mm. (c) E = 1000V/mm (200ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ) კ 5.8 PVDF/PP(10/90)ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐ DSC ௟ᅲ 41.

(52) 0 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 700 V/mm კ 5.9 PVDF/ABS(10/90) 145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐ SEM ྣТ. 42.

(53) 0 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 500 V/mm(220ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). 700 V/mm. 700 V/mm (220ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). კ 5.10 PVDF/ABS(10/90)ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐ SEM ྣТ. 43.

(54) 0 V/mm. 500 V/mm. კ 5.11 PVDF/ABS(10/90) 145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТ. 0 V/mm. 500 V/mm. კ 5.12 PVDF/ABS(10/90) ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТ. 44.

(55) 0 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 500 V/mm(հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). 700 V/mm. 700 V/mm (հࠅၸำΨуႝ൑). კ 5.13 PVDF/PMMA(10/90)145ʚ฻ྕ่඲ 10 ϩដϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТ. 45.

(56) 0 V/mm. 500 V/mm. 700 V/mm. 700 V/mm (210ʚуႝ൑ 2 ϩដ). კ 5.14 PVDF/PMMA(10/90)ߚ฻ྕ่඲ϐӀᏢᡉ༾ྣТ. 46.

(57) ಃϤക!่ፕᆶࡌ᝼ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ჹ‫܄ཱུܭ‬ଯϩη PVDF Ϸ‫ځ‬ᆶߚཱུ‫ޑ܄‬ᆫᄞ‫ނ‬ӧႝ൑բҔΠଯ ໘่ᄬ‫׎‬ԋϐቹៜςԖ߃‫؁‬ᕕှǴᆕӝа΢ჴᡍёளраΠ൳ᗺ่ፕ 1. ӧ PVDF ฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ၸำύࡼуႝ൑཮फ़եԋਡ‫܌‬ሡԾҗૈǴᏤठԋਡ ኧໆቚуǴ‫׎‬ԋ‫ޑ‬ౚ඲ѳ֡Ёκ཮फ़եǴЪ‫܌‬ள‫ډ‬ϐ่඲ࡋ཮ගଯǶ 2. ӧ PVDF165к฻ྕ่඲‫ޑ‬ၸำύǴႝ൑ࡼу཮٬Ԗཱུ‫܄‬ϐJ่࣬඲К‫ٯ‬ ቚуǴD࣬෧ϿǶऩаӕ΋ႝ൑மࡋКၨǴӧ฻ྕ่඲Ѧ‫ޑ‬հࠅၸำΨ ࡼуႝ൑‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ౚ඲཮КѝԖӧ฻ྕၸำࡼуႝ൑‫܌‬ள‫ޑډ‬ౚ඲ٰ‫ޑ‬ λЪЁκѳ֡Ǵ൩่඲ࡋԶ‫ق‬Ǵӧ฻ྕϷϐࡕ‫ޑ‬հࠅၸำ֡уႝ൑ૈள ‫ډ‬നε‫่ޑ‬඲ࡋǶ 3. ߚ฻ྕ่඲ၸำΠࡼуႝ൑ჹ่඲ελቹៜόεǴՠӢࣁႝ൑٬ԋਡ౗ ቚуǴ่඲ϩթ཮ၨஏǶ 4. ჹ PVDF/PP(10/90)‫׷‬਑ࡼуႝ൑ 600V/mm а΢Ǵ཮р౜ѳՉ‫ܭ‬ႝ൑Б ӛϐଛӛ่ᄬǴϩණӛ‫ ޑ‬PVDF Ψ཮‫ݮ‬๱ႝ൑Бӛ௨ӈǴЪӧᗹࡋၨե ‫ޑ‬ਔংуႝ൑ଛӛਏ݀཮ၨᡉ๱Ƕ 5. а SEM ᢀჸႝ൑ჹ PVDF/ABS(10/90)‫ޑ‬ቹៜว౜Ǵ‫׷‬਑ᄒय़ӧ҂ࡼу ႝ൑ਔևၨѳ‫܈ރڶ‬ᡒТკਢǴ྽ႝ൑ၲ 500V/mm а΢ਔ཮໒‫ۈ‬р౜ ჹሸႝ൑Бӛ‫ޑ‬сଆచદ่ᄬǶ 6. PVDF/PMMA(10/90)ӧ҂ࡼуႝ൑Π཮р౜ᐋ݄‫ރ‬сଆ่ᄬǴѦൎ٠‫׎‬ ԋௗ߈༝‫ރ׎‬Ǵ྽ႝ൑ࡼуࡕǴԜ่ᄬ཮ᡂளၨಒၨభࣗԿό‫ـ‬ǴԿ‫ܭ‬ ࢂցࣁౚ඲่ᄬۘԖࡑᡍ᛾Ƕ ӧҁჴᡍύǴԖ΋٤ࡑ‫ׯ‬຾ᆶᔠ૸ϐೀӈᖐӵΠ 1. ‫ ڙ‬ज़ ‫ ܭ‬ჴ ᡍ း ࿼ ᆶ ሺ Ꮤ ‫ ૈ ܄‬Ǵ ‫ ࡼ ܌‬у ‫ ޑ‬ႝ ൑ ம ࡋ ന ε ѝ ૈ ‫ډ‬ 1000V/mmǴ‫׷‬਑‫ڙ‬Ԝႝ൑а΢ϐமࡋቹៜΨ೚཮Ԗ‫ܴ׳‬ᡉ‫ޑ‬ᡂϯ‫ځ܈‬ Ѭ่ᄬр౜Ƕ 2. ҁჴᡍး࿼ѝૈჹ΋ୁϐႝཱུࡼՉհࠅǴ٬ྕࡋϩթ֡Ϭ‫܄‬ό٫Ǵऩૈ ‫ׯ‬๓໺዗ϐ֡Ϭ‫܄‬٠լܺջਔᢀჸӧး࿼΢‫܌‬ၶ‫ޑډ‬ᜤᚒǴёаள‫׳ډ‬ ྗዴ‫่݀ޑ‬Ƕ 47.

(58) 3. ᄞష‫׷‬਑ϐ၂Тೀ౛ࢂ΋ᜢᗖ‫ೌמ‬Ǵऩೀ౛όӳ཮ค‫ݤ‬ᢀჸ‫ډ‬Ⴃය‫่ޑ‬ ݀Ƕҁჴᡍ‫܌‬Ҕϐ PVDF ࢂࡐӳ‫לޑ‬ᆭᇑ‫׷‬਑ǴЪόܰ‫ډפ‬፾ӝ‫ޑ‬ྋ ᏊǴࡺѝૈҔЧ✉ჹ ABSǵPMMA ຾Չᇑ‫څ‬ǴՠӢࣁ‫܌ځ‬՞К‫ٯ‬ଯၲ 90%Ǵਏ݀٠ό٫Ǵයఈ҂ٰૈ‫פ‬р፾ӝ‫ޑ‬ᇑ‫څ‬Б‫ࢉ܈ݤ‬ՅБ‫ݤ‬ǶԜѦ Ψё჋၂‫ׯ‬ᡂషӝК‫ٯ‬Ǵ٬ႝ൑ӧᄞష‫׷‬਑ύ‫ޑ‬ਏ݀ᒿ๱ PVDF К‫ޑٯ‬ ቚу‫׳‬усᡉǶ Ҟ߻‫ޑ‬Ў᝘Ϸҁࣴ‫֡ز‬ᡉҢႝ൑ाၲ‫ډ‬΋‫ޑۓ‬ำࡋа΢ω཮ჹଯϩη ‫׷‬਑ӧଯ໘่ᄬ‫׎‬ԋਔԖ‫܌‬ቹៜǴฅԶҞ߻΋૓‫ޑ‬ԋ‫ࢬ׎‬ၡϷኳ‫ࡋࠆڀ‬೿ ϼεǴႝ൑ाၲ‫ډ‬΋‫ޑۓ‬ೕኳԖ‫ځ‬ᜤࡋǴ‫܌‬аӧԋ‫ޑ׎‬ᔈҔ΢ۘԖ֚ᜤǶ όၸ߻൳ԃ໒‫ۈ‬ᑫଆว৖‫ޑ‬༾‫ڼ‬ԯ዗ᓸǴӢࣁ‫׷‬਑ࠆࡋ໻Ԗ༾ԯ‫܈‬ԛ༾ԯ ЁࡋǴႝ൑ࡐ৒ܰၲ‫ ډ‬1kV/mm а΢ǴࢂёаԵቾ‫ޑ‬ว৖БӛǶ. 48.

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