社會流動意識之研究

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(2) fi%8&H%tii1--I!d%@%@kEk@F# TAT (Themat ic Apperception Test 1 ~t@U& EiJ&Hk@@Rm&Ms%auaaz%@El%@d%$Elmsffi SmMB I%&S fi8S?EB%8i%SBfl&%%$imP3@ R%$?@lAfi%@#~--@+Eo %%@ 9. O. 9. 9. iili%%IjFiS+BlB $ I I R f E M @ @ ~ $ , ~ ! # ~ f & i # %@%l#A -@%&3!lGt~%@tt93%Efl@& I Elk 9#&i%EE%@%mA&& %% fi%@%&%%l%Jk@jF%B ~ ~ @ Z ! a m%&;$+E@fi%@%m&% % 2% H!!#EB!fZ&ZIHitt& m%w~k%amB@ I McCileland %&-mR@m@EF # ~ R - h ~ O % - - - - h 3 i O ~ r d m % B @ B ~ + @ A ~ f i ~ B b % o ~ % B Z +BA@ R & ~ B E%BJ&&@%~~~@Bu 8 entrepreneurial spirit )$3% 9. 9. 9. O. O. \. 9. 9. \. 9. 0.

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(8) ~S!&Ik@Ei%&~ldft!i~~4 S%g% &3ijk&i&(i~mT@i 9. t%kS%T. 9. 9. XZt%%@*2mi%E9$9 EZibBE$mT@KIZE&A I&~$~W~@f%f$G~orland Morland%IlH ~o EE@@ 1% 9. r. ;taI&@$&@& 0. r GE@f+J m@j. R F ~ % w % H U Z ~ ~ W @S% GPJT=%B% : (a)&9!JTHlB@ HU@%@E (~)B~!JTEI @sz.mm~m~ia ~ 2 ~ 2J m. ~m9 R S B E ~ ~ (c)?ik4aP@RmEs %R@%GRZ%mBBB SfiR* Gist & Bennet&H2+% ( plan )%@* ( aspiration )I@RB~B W ,%$!UZ@%wo &4FllE~~%@+% /J\%tt9X% @B%fiEk + TZSbBB 9. 9. 9. 9. x. ~. ~. 9. r. 9. 9. 9. 9. 8. ~~m+%2mmm~% lAkm@XdR%. i%!&IEmpey BUlAEG 9 &$EX 9 lAEb9HUZZ%%%H@% ( absolute stardard ) 0 &%E$fi%t%~@@ ( relative standard ) .+&+JEf& 0 9. B W * O ~ ~ ~ I~ZeZ~~a ~ ~ t ; f f m ~ t ~ x g m ~&#&Hyman f%i#l~ 9. 4 6 9. Davis47. 48. 9. ,Davis & Havighurist49 9 Hollingshead~~@f%H@ 9 $jSm. BIXJHE %~ZB~T;W@Bi~2i@@@~kB-~~ @E%fi&@%% %%$BE m&#% &4Pj%%?,T;EPB@m@B%@ &Elri?lEfilL( Merton 51 Bennet & Tumin 9. 9. 9. 9. 52 9. Chinoy 53. Center8 54 9 Kornhauser 66. 9. (. P@@M93%F8+Lk. Davison & Anderson 56 ). absolute Occupational status aspirat ion ) 9. o. 0. &%%. %fl]Z)t~ +kR s 9. @2 FEI~B&~@&IEJB%@$ 9 BEN@%I%J&S ( relative. Occupation status aspiration) 9. 9. Ern@M%W% 9S%2@TM*E% 9EEl3RaUZz%m$H. H@Bm&%. J mTiE. 9. 9. iaiflI$kE! 9. 9. %aUZm%. T;WP@@$E r prefer J rant icipate Rusing i&%!JNZS#%I%HUZZ% %@. %$@&fti~X%R*@Stt9@%. 9. 9. %%3--MM57 O. X W % i ? l ~ 9~KI~ ZK1 @H@ ~%m ~H'dZk%b9E swineharts I%@% ?&I% &%S~&G~~-%EI%@% 9 @Ri%Bmf%fi 9 % BllZ@*&b 9. 8. %*%#B%I%R@*i%. 9. &aUZi%%. 9. %%EZd. O. @%*a-a#ifkS~eissman%W!Efl9%B@% 9. r &Bl9!JC&J r r wzsm~mi J~ r &E 9. BMVIREWI J r ~+BYE+ZJZ J r +MBBJZ J gAf?jgE J %?Elf3 @miZEti+am4RZ E&IfiEB@BaE %HlJZEBm@ 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. o. (. Reissmans 9 Dynes. Clark& Dinits 6 0 ). &~%RB@%~@f%. 9$EW%ZE&k. 9. XaZ5%&. R%%X%?&Dl%$B%&@. &+ESi+!k ~iElA-B@A%W@ ~ITJH~~Z~I%JR@~?~B &$ElAB%fYJ@M% $3234 9mR*EB&m- .#dl&%&. 9. 9. 9.

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(10) 52"x9114%Ro~ k L & F ~ ~.7;@!%@$8iE$9 f~%. RE@&&mfi%. %j2%AtQ@$@fif~%am&@. 9. akLf3%@E X Kahl R-$LZO*&E~~I&~&H% 1fii9#fi&&%tt9@4B%%Bg SZ *& 44@Hld@MBS &Sfi-%f-~R~&?$f% SEfit!r!~H% &%7ZOOtfiV4% ~si3~mag WR~+OO~NA~~EZK ElEIBZK 8&W34EI&55; ED (a)trus t-%%B~X%~A4S%% iTii3#fi~%53~ (6)activism -% Strodtbeck %mv @S "Mastery @%EmalJBBa o 9. 9. 9. 9. 0. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. (c)integration with relative-@ 5%" -%. 9. HHE. I'. Strodtbeck m+V $$$gB. 9. l1g5R@@z. 0.. (d)0 ccupay ion pr i rnacy trust. 9 I. relative " Z i E $ i + $ f !. 9. St. bwis. 9. EB. 9. " integration with. HS@m@/]\o HI=N4HRBfi%2m%A%BAmBRRB. @H~4Hfg1$!l3i&. 0. activism ". lq@&m&Occupational. Cox R-hZ-*S. &. ". ". primacy s$&$Bm. 9. 9 $P(l) accomplishment (2)activism(3) trust accompl ishrnent 561 Kahl occupational primacy @#@. activism %XEEfi $Rmm&!i%@. 9. 9. m. i%?Rf9%!JiEt%@R. $$241gW064 9. trust. 9. ~ ~ % ~ ~ & ~ 9 S%% B $ E~ I I~. $@trust. 9. activism. 9. & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $Qaccomplishment fS$!J@. mmm z%mw3afif%&%@m 9. Kahl ! $ H k S & ~ l U ~ % ~ ~ 9fi&l??I&$@@@%9 % ~ E ~ ~ ~ 44 % Z. 3gaa\%B&-&Hkm@%F%. Kahl) (b)act ivism. (a) trust. (. 9. Egg :. (c)independent of family (d)occupational pr imacy 8 accompl i shrnent. ~~23WLJ,~~~~&5 Se4@&5S;'&b Trust Eib3E%444@ !&%3?X ( stability of life ) m A B E xmnaawmmm mA %RS%RBJL\ !&iLEmFlz i%%Em$@m hRZ@@% Kahl 2#$$B#j #Z%!&&%Zr;;lp. fflP$Em@%BAHW!!EJ~%. 9. 0. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. E%. k L A. H. 9. lqgisgm@fi+iR7gfiZmmm. m. Z. 9 9. ~gglggrd9 Z-a 9. HVYBRZ i%g--eo fizflmastery QmJ%L@VYB j&&$jXi strodtbeck. EQ. r. 0. A WR. 9. 9. 9. m. " ~ 5f " 9. ,,[@JJ~W g.

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(12) ( 1 ) ~ e b e 9r Max.. " D i e Prof estant ische Et hik und der. --horn.~ t - r - ~ : - s ~ . r9 9. , ( F ) %,&@, - . f i Z X * (2) Kosen. ,. Bernard C.,. e". social S t r a t i f i c a t i o n ,. 1(3)7p L. ~. -fS*UA. '(4)t41$$3,. sxa. Y. s .r K A U . B ~g. i. I,. * ~~ % ~C J( k. 0. Achievement Syndrome. ". A- psychocul tural Dimension of. " ASJ " , 2 1 ( Apr. 1956 C P $&t%EA*- r%B@@;taB;B &%%$l%#~A&i3tl81*PK%IN. F', Y 3 qC-7 b. , &qpy. -fi*:*. P. ( Geist ) des Kapi talismus. 1. 9. 0. U:?&&&D @zh 2 ' j i f + J. ( 5 ) ~ ~ i ~ t ~ ~ b Marian ~ t t o n K. >, Achievement Mt ivation. ,*. 'I. , &@--&e -hz+%. o. T h e Relation of Childhood Training in Independence to Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, ~ n i v e r Mich, , 1953.. (B)Rosen, ~ e r n a r dC., r d 8 5 0. (7) Rosen, Bernard C.. ,. Race. E thnici t y , a d ~ c h i e v e m e n t Syrdrome,. a. ASR, 2 4 (Feb. 1959).

(13) ,. pp. 574-585.. ((8)Veroff, J. S Feld & G. Gur in,. ASR,27 (Apr. 1962. ". Achievement Motivation and Re1 igious Background, 0. , pp. 205-207.. ((Q)Crockett, Harry, J. Jr.. ". The Achievement Motive and Differential Occupational. ~obility in united States, 'I ASR, 27 (Apr. 1962) 140)Atikison. Jahn. Mot imtional Determinants of Ri sk-Taking Behavior, * Psychlogical. W.. Review , 64 ( Novemb-er , 1957 ) , pp. 359.372. (11) Rosen, Bernad. C.. 'I. Family Structure and Achievunent hibt ivation, " ASR, 26. ( Aug. ,. 1961 ) , pp. 574-585.. 4q~Bs93 ) ~ 3 7 3 7 " k . b - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & R @ H O H % L L E ~ T ,@l&r;$Ig;&J & ~ ~ W W J 9. 9. ~Z+%I% 9 --jLZh%-LB $$Krauss, Irving,. ". 0. Sources of Educational Aspiration among Wrking-class Youth, a #. 29 ( Dec, 1964 1. , pp.. 867-879.. (14)hkDill, Eaward L. & James A Coleman,'I High Shoo1 Social Status, College Plans, and Interest In a Academic Achievemnt : A Panel Study, 'I ASK, 28 ( Dec,1963 ) ,pp. 905-918. (15). Social Cltiss, Parental Encouragement, and. Sewell Wi 11 iam H. and Vimal P. Shah. Educational Aspiration4 AJS, Vol-, 73. $do. 5, &arch, 1968. (ls) Sewell, W. H . , A. 0.Haller, & h4. A Straus, 'I Social Status and Educational and. Occupational Aspiration, (11). ASR, 22 ( Feb, 1957 ). Sewell Will iam H. and Orestein Alan h4.. ,. , pp.. 67-73.. Community of Residence and Occupational. Choice, " AJS, Lxx ( March, 1965 ) pp. 551-63. 48)Sewell William H. and Haller Archihld O.,. ". Educational and Occupational Perspectives. of Farm and Rural Youth, "in Lee G. Burchinal ( ed. ). 9. Rural Youth in Crisis. ( U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Wlfare ) (Washington, D. C., : Govermen t Printing Off ice, 1965, j pp. 149-69.. 4g)~ewell ~illiamH. and J. Michael Armer, " Neighorhood Context and College Rlans, 4 ASR, 31 ( April, 1966 ). pp. 159-168. @Sewell William H. and Shah Vimal P.. ". Socioeconmic Status, Intelligence, and the. Attainment of Higher Education, " Sociology of Uucation, XL &l)Bordwa David J. .,. Wither, 1967 ), pp. 1-23.. Educational Aspirations and Parental Stress on College, * Social. Forces, 38. ( Mrch, 1960. 1,' pP. 262-69.. Simpson ~ichardL. and ~ i l * 10 ( Winter 1963. (. , pp.. H. Max,. 25~+264.. ". Social Status and Anomie, * Social Problems,.

(14) -74-. ~ & i * i + ~ $ * % 18. -. 2. 19. 0. ~. See also Robert's A. H. and Rokeach, " Anomie, ~uthoritarianism, and Prejudice, " AJS, 6 2 (Jarmary 1956 1, pp. 355-358. QjRehberg Richard A.and Westby David L. Education and Family Size. ". Parental Encouragement, Occupation,. " Artifactual or Independent Determinmts of Ado1esce:lt. Educatimal Expectations ? "SF, XLV (March, 1967 ) , PP. 362-74.. .. 04)Hinkle, Gisela ,J , Review of Irvin G. Wyl lies The Self-Made Menin America. ?he. Myth of Rage to Riches '' SF,1956. QgStrodtbeck, Fred; L; McDonald, M. R., and Rosen, B. C. Evalution of Occupation : A Step toward Explaning Jewish-Italianhbbility Difference,ASR, 22 (Qct, 1959 ). e@Scheider, Louis. & S. Lysgard,:. * The Defferred Gratification Pat tern " A Preliminary. Study, ASR, 18 ( Apr, 1953).. @)N. ~ogoff,Recent Trends in Occupational hbbility. (. @$J. p. K. Hatt a n d 4 Reissed,. .. Reader in Urban Sociology, 1951, pp. 406-420 ) $@A. W. Kornhauser, Analysis of. (. " Class Structure " of Contemporary American Society. G. W. Hartman and T. Newcomb, ed., Industrial Conflict ,1939).. . Dollard, Caste and Class in Southern Town,. 1929, J. . Do1lard and 4 Davis,Children. of Bondage, 1939. a B . B. Gardner and M. Gardner, Deep South, 1941. OUA. B. Ilollingshead, Elmtown's youth, 1949.. (32)W. L. Warner and Others, Yankee City Series, 1941.. NW. L.. -. Nrner and Others,Who Shall be Educated 471, 1944.. &)C. W. Mills, White Collar, 1951, pp. 35-40. &JG. Knupfer, Portrait of the Underdog. (. Public @ionion. @arterly,. Spr, 1947, pp.. 103-114 ) , A. B. Holl ingshead, op ci t., p. 286. (j@ sewell, W. H.,. A. 0.Hailer, & M. 4 Straus,. ". Secial Status and EcLcat ional and. occupational Aspiratim, /' ASR, 22 ( Feb, 1957 ), pp. 67-73. @)National. Opinion Research Center, " Job and Occupation : A Popular Evalution, ". OpinionNew, 9. (. September,l947 ) pp.. 3-13.. BE$Wilson, Alan B., "~esidential Segregation of social Classes and Aspiratim of Hi4h school BOYS, " ASR. ",. 24. ( Dec,. WGrigg, C. M. & R. Middleton (-May 1960 1. , ". 1959 ), pp. 836-845. C o m u n i ty of Ninth Grade Stdents,. SF, 38. .. (40)Youmans, E. Grant,. " Occupational. ,Journal of &perimental. Expectations of melfth Grade Michigan Boys, *. &ucatron, 24 ( June 1956),. pp. 259-271..

(15) E. 1 ' I. (pl)Rhodes, Lewis,. Anomia, Aspiration, and Status," SF, 42 (May 1964), pp. 434-440. Stephenson. Richard, M.. " Mobi 1 i ty 0rier;tation and Stratification of 1,000 Ninth. Graders, ASR, 22 ( Apr, 1957 ), pp. 204-212. 'I. [$Morlard, J. K., "Educational and Occupational Aspirations of Mi11 and Townschool Children in a Southern Community, " SF, 39 (Dec, 1960),. pp. 169-175.. " Class and Family Influence on Student. 44)Gist, M. P. & W. S. Bennet, T r . ,. ,. Aspirations, " SF, 43 ( Dec, 1964). pp. 167-173.. social Class and Occupational Aspiration : AComparison of. 4$mpey, Lamar, T.,. Absolute and Relative Measurement, " ASR, 21 ( Dec, 1956 ), pp. 703-709. BQHyman H. i-I.,. The Value System of Different Classes, "In Class, Status and. Power, Edited by R. Bendix and S. M. Lipset, Glencoe : The Free Press, 1953. d7)Davi s. Kingsley, Review. ,. ". The sociology of Parent-youth Conflict, " American Sociological. 5 (1940),. @Davis, W. A.. -. pp. 523-535.. Socialization and Adolescent Rrsonality,. in the Forty-third. Yearbook of Education, University of Chicago, 1940, Chop. 5. u$Davis, W. A. and Havighurst, R. T. Father of Man, Boston : Houghton-Miff1in co., 1947, p. 144.. 60 b l l igshead, A. 8 , Elmtount's Yduth. New York; John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1949, pp. 282-2 M . bl)Mrtm, Robert L., Social Theory and Social Structure, ( G l m , Ill. : Free Press ), 1949. baBemet, w~s., J r & M. M W i n , Social Life : Structure and Function (N. Y. : Knopt). 1949. 63)Chinoy, Ely, Automobile Workers and the American Dream, (Garden City, N. Y. Doubleday ), 1055. &)Centers, Richard, The Psychology of Social Classes, (Princeton U. P. ) 1949,. ~ i i y. urffagaa R ; ~ ~ ; R + W + E-@9. ~ H J I ~ ~. b5)brnhauser,4W. M B Z J I o 66)Davidson, P. E. and Arderson, H. Pa!o. 1).. , Occupational Mobility. in an rbnericarr Community,. Alto : Standford University Press, 1937, p. 17.. bflRushing, WI lliam A ,. " Adolescent-parent elations ships. SF, 43 ( k c , 1964 1, pp. 157-166. Winhart, J arnes'w., "cial-Economic. and Mobility Aspirations,. Level, Status Aspirat ion, and Maternal Role, ". ASR, 28 ( June 1963 ), pp. 391-299. (jS)Reissman,leonard,. I,. Level of Aspiration ard social Class, " ASR, 18 ( June 1953 ),.

(16) pp. 233-242. (610 Dynes, R. R.. , A. C. Clarks,. & S. Dini tz,. Level of Occupational Aspirat ion : Some. ". Aspects of Fami,ly Experence as a Variable,. 'I. ASR 21. (. APR, 1956), pp. 212-215.. (61) s trodtbeck, Fred. L. , Farni 1 y Interaction values, and Achievement, " in McCl 1 el land. et a1 , Talent and Society , ( princeton, N. J. : Van Nostrand ) , 1958, pp. 135-194. (f2)RosenlBernard C.,. ". The Achievement Syndrome: A Psychocultural Dimension of. Social Stratification, ASR, 21 (Apr, 1956 I,. (63)Kah I, Joseph A. & James A Davis,. Status,. ' ASR,. &)Cox, Henrietta,. ". ).. A Comparison of Indexes of Socio-Economic. 20, ( June 1955 ) , pp. 317-325. Study of Social Class Variutions in value Orientations in. ''. Selected Area o f fither-chi ld Be'havior ,. ". Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation,. Washington- University, St. Lowis, 1964. (65).Lenski,.Gerhard,T h e Religious Factors, rev. ed, ( N. Y. : Doubleday 9) (66)Seeman,Melvin, (. ". Social Mobility and Adiministrative Behavior,. 1963.. ASR, 23. Dec, 1958 1, pp. 633-642.. (sn;(r.1;~@ 9 usmatwmw%Ra (683~%-9?&9. 9+4T *. 9. stiaga 9 -hn-t;+. r i ! i @ & P ~ B 2 1 9fi4K1zk , 1 9 2 7 3 9 Y. 0. %$%s. 9. %!3*arnv-f t - n y -. dl. 9. FiTt * %-t@ -hzm 9. (691%83z9&r~141cl&4%~a@tirl-f 3 I u;twZPtirtLtbm.lcfl. EA!E&aaAki!i~Pt4@F%@. @o)RWrdb F~CCB@BONR.J * R % k Q t b E @ 9 -h-t;O+o 9. -.

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