Bulletin of Educational Psychology

̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ *

ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝࠹ᙯࡁտ

ౘ ս ය

ӓ ᚊ ऍ

ڒ ͵ ර

έΔξϲ

઼ϲέ៉रቑ̂ጯ

රѯ੼৺̚ጯ

ିֈ͕நᄃᅃጱጯր

ώࡁտўдଣ੅ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄώࡁտͽέ៉гડ̂˘ז ̂αѣ᝽ຑགྷរ۞շ̃̂ጯϠ 425 ˠࠎࡁտ၆෪ĂଳϡયסአߤڱซҖྤफ़ќะĂֹٙϡࡁ տ̍׍Β߁ĶВֶܢณܑķăĶˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ณܑķ̈́ĶᏐ૜ᙯܼณܑķĄአߤඕڍ̶Ҿͽಏ Я̄кតีតளᇴ̶ژĂአፋɗ۞ಏЯ̄តளᇴ̶ژĂ̈́׏ݭ࠹ᙯඈ௚ࢍ͞ڱซҖ఍நĄώ ࡁտ͹ࢋ൴னт˭Ĉ 1.̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏѣځពमளĄ 2.̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝มѣ׏ݭ࠹ᙯхдĄ༊̂ጯϠВֶܢপኳ෸੼Ă׎ ͹જਕ˧෸੼Ă࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧ᄃଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧෸ҲĄ 3.̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มѣ ׏ݭ࠹ᙯхдĄ༊̂ጯϠВֶܢপኳ෸੼Ă׎ᄮۢᏐ૜̈́ЃยᏐ૜෸ҲĄ 4.̂ጯϠ۞Вֶܢ পኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มѣ׏ݭ࠹ᙯхдĄ༊̂ጯϠВֶܢপኳ෸੼Ăͷ͹જă࢑ Шՙᕝăҋԧ؃ᜨăଐჰ͚޺ᄃ኏ࡎ఍நਕ˧෸ҲॡĂ݋ଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ăᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ăۤϹ۞ Ꮠ૜ăЃย۞Ꮠ૜ă֗វ۞Ꮠ૜̈́ჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜ౌ෸ҲĄ ᙯᔣෟĈ̂ጯϠăВֶܢăᏐ૜ຏăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ ВֶܢĞcodependencyğߏ˘჌εΝҋԧ۞়ঽĞWhitfield, 1991ğĄВֶܢ۞ˠॾপኳࠎҲҋ ಴ă࿅ޘдͼ΁ˠăͽ΁ˠ۞ᅮՐࠎ͹ă૟ҋ̎۞ᆊࣃޙϲд΁ˠ۞ۺؠ˯ĂεΝҋԧĞܘ඘᎖ᛌĂ ϔ 85 ćӓᚊऍĂϔ 86a Ăϔ 86b Ăϔ 87 Ăϔ 88 ć Granello & Beamish, 1998ğĂซ҃யϠᄃᑅ˧̈́൏ᇋ ѣᙯ۞়ঽĄдለ࡚ĂВֶܢ̏གྷᝀ൒јࠎ˘჌ۤົྻજĂז఍·ϋ඾Вֶܢ۞ᛉᗟĂҭــЯࠎ৿ ͻ֖ૉࡊጯ۞၁ᙋࡁտ҃གྷ૱ࠎˠٙྛঽĄЯѩώࡁտ۞ϫ۞˘͞ࢬߏԓ୕រᙋВֶܢ۞நኢĂΩ˘ ͞ࢬߏ፬൴઼ˠ၆Вֶܢᛉᗟ۞ᙯ͕׶Ꮈ኷Ą

͛ᚥ޽΍Вֶܢ۰ѣᏐ૜͞ࢬ۞ӧᙱĞKitchens,1991 ć Weinhold & Weinhold,1989ğĄּтĂ

LarsenĞ1985ğ೩זВֶܢ۰ჯᘭᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ਕ˧צຫĞܘ඘᎖ᛌĂϔ 85ğĂ΁ࣇࠦᛵୁજٕણᄃЧ

჌̓ච۞Ꮠ૜ᙯܼĞາࡺᛌĂϔ 89ağĄд Carson ᄃ BakerĞ1994ğࡁտ̚˵൴னВֶܢΒӣ˘ཏˠᅫ ᙯܼ۞ӧᙱăன၁ീྏ۞ӧᙱă̰ड۞ᇎ៭ă̙щБ۞ֶܢᙯܼĂ̈́Ξਕ൑ڱ౼Ї˘ֱۤϹ۞߿જĂ ઼ ϲ ᄂ ៉ र ቑ ̂ ጯ ି ֈ ͕ ந ᄃ ᅃ ጱ ጯ ր

ିֈ͕நጯಡĂϔ 93 Ă 36 סĂ 2 ഇĂ 145 Ǖ 164 ࢱ

* ώܼ͛ౘսය೩઼ϲέ៉रቑ̂ጯିֈ͕நᄃᅃጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛۞ొ̶̰टĂдӓᚊऍି଱ᄃڒ͵රઘ ି଱޽ጱ˭ԆјĄ

тच௧Ă̙ۢтңᄃˠޙϲᙯܼĂ้҃ШᄃˠཏழᗓĄ Frank ᄃ GoldenĞ1992ğܑϯధкВֶܢ۞Җ ࠎҬͼд్੧छल̚۞јˠ̼̈ޅĞadult childğ֗˯ౌΞ൴னĂ΁ࣇᄮࠎ్੧छल̚۞јˠ̼̈ޅ ۞ҲᏐ૜ຏᄃు႙ᆧк۞૚ွຏᄃഴ͌ଐຏ۞ฟٸѣᙯĞHardin, 2000ğĄЯѩĂტЪጯ۰ࣇᓜԖ۞៍ ၅ᄃࡁտĂΞͽ൴னВֶܢ۰Ҭͼͣ৿ߙֱˠᅫ̢જ۞ਕ˧Я҃ࢬᓜ፾প۞ˠᅫᙯܼ̈́Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ۞ᙱ ᗟĄ ԧ઼̂ጯϠϒࣃ 18 ז 22 ໐۞เܛ໐͡Ăॲፂ Erickson ۞͕நۤົ൴णล߱நኢĂ఺࣎ล߱۞ˠ ࣇฟؕವԱ֭ޙϲᏐ૜ᄃٚᏚ۞ᙯܼĂ΁ᄮࠎ̓ଐ̈́ຑଐ۞႕֖ᄃӎ૟ซ҃ᇆᜩ׎΁Ϡ߿ᆸࢬ۞ዋᑕ Ğ͔ҋͳᇉ჊Ăϔ 84ğĂ҃ᑒӄጯϠࢬ၆Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ۞ዋᑕᄃጯ௫Ă݋ߏጯ७ᅃጱ̍ү࠹༊ࢦࢋ۞˘ ᒖĄ൒҃дᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ᇆᜩЯ৵̚ĂᏐ૜ਕ˧׍ѣࢦࢋ۞гҜĞͳщऌᛌĂϔ 80 ćͳᇉ჊Ăϔ 84ğĂ Ꮠ૜ᙯ่ܼ̙ຍק൴णд׌࣎ˠ̝ม۞ᙯ̢ܼજĂᔘᅮ҂ᇋ࣎ˠߏӎ׍౯дᏐ૜˯۞ਕ˧ĄѩγĂͳ ᇉ჊Ğϔ 84ğܑϯଣ੅̙Тˠᅫਕ˧၆׌ّᙯܼ۞ޙϲᄃჯ޺̈́႕ຍޘٙԷႊ۞֎Ғ၆ٺ׌ّᙯܼ ۞ᅃጱஎ׍ຍཌྷĂҭ઼̰ݒ͌֍఺ᙷ۞ࡁտĄЯѩώࡁտ୬ଣ੅ВֶܢᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝ม۞ᙯܼĂ ԓ୕၆Вֶܢ۰۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞ࢬᄻѣՀ௟຋۞ᄮᙊĂ༊൒Հԓ୕ਕૉซ˘Վᗃ୻Вֶܢ۰տౣͣ ৿ң჌ࢦࢋ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧҃ጱ࡭׎൑ڱᒔ࡭Ꮠ૜۞ᙯܼĂͽүࠎᅃጱ̍ү၁ચ۰۞ણ҂Ą

Ericksonૻአৌϒ۞Ꮠ૜ᅮࢋᘦ׽۞ҋԧຏĞsense of selfğĂُ̙҃ፉ͕εΝࠧࢨٕҋԧĞ͔ҋ

Levitz-Jones & Orlofsky, 1985ğć҃Вֶܢ۞८͕۞ໄهࠎεΝᄮТĞloss of identityğĞKrestan ō

Bepko, 1990ğĂЯѩֶ໰ Erickson ۞៍ᕇĂЇ˘ॡഇ۞͕֗൴ण۞ึӀᄃӎĂӮᄃ݈˘Ğٕ݈Чğॡ

ഇ۞൴णѣᙯĂ߇ࡁտ۰ᄮࠎ໚ҋٺεΑਕछल۞Вֶܢ۰ĂΞਕЯϏਕ൴णܫЇຏĞPotter-Efron

&Potter-Efron, 1989ć Weinhold & Weinhold, 1989ğăҋԧᄮТຏĂͽ̈́ͣ৿ྋՙᏐ૜Їચٙᅮ۞ၗޘ

׶ԫμĞӓࡌ͡Ăϔ 88 ć Fisher, 1981ğĂЯ҃ᇆᜩјѐഇᏐ૜ᙯܼЇચ۞൴णĄ ̙࿅ڌҘ̼͛͞၆ҋԧѣ̙Т۞ؠཌྷĄ Markus ᄃ KitayamaĞ1991ğ޽΍Ҙ͞۞ҋԧߏ޽፾ϲ۞ ҋԧĞindependent selfğĂૻአҋԧ۞Ԇፋّᄃ፾ϲّć҃ڌ͞۞ҋԧĂ޽۞ߏ࠹ֶ̢Ꮵ۞ҋԧ Ğinterdependent selfğĂ඾ࢦҋԧ׶΁ˠ۞ాඕĂͷࠎ˞ჯ޺ᙯܼ۞׶ᏘĂυืགྷ૱ᛇ၅ٕჸ൏д΁ˠ ۞ᅮՐăᇒ୕̈́ϫᇾ˯Ą҃ӀჴࠞĞϔ 86ğࡁտ઼̚૓ބ۞Ꮠ૜̚ಶ൴னĂ੨ઊ۞ᜁࠗдҘ͞۞ᇾ ໤Ξਕෛࠎঽၗ۞Ăд઼̚ݒ҃ͅѣӄٺ͈؍Ꮠ૜ଐຏ۞൴णĄЯѩĂࡁտ۰р؈۞ߏĂߊ൒ڌҘ͛ ̼̚۞ҋԧͽ̈́ҋԧ׶΁ˠ۞ᙯܼѣтѩ̂۞मளĞMarkus & Kitayama, 1991ğĂ֤ᆃҘ̼͛̚͞۞ Вֶܢໄهٙૻአ࣎ˠࠧࢨ۞ԮѡăεΝҋԧĂͽ̈́၆ઉ૵ᙯܼ۞๋चĂߏӎυ൒ົ൴Ϡдࢦෛะវ ͹ཌྷ۞έ៉Ăᄃ࣎វ۞Ꮠ૜ຏѣ࢑ࢬ۞ᙯᓑ׸ĉ˵ಶߏᄲࡁտ۰୬˞ྋВֶܢপኳд઼̼͛̚۞ਔඛ ˭ĂᄃᏐ૜ຏ̈́ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞ᙯᓑࠎң׸ĉᓁ҃֏̝Ăώ͛ᑢͽВֶܢপኳࠎ͹คĂଣ੅Вֶܢপ ኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜۞ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯᓑâ͞ࢬ·၁Вֶܢপኳ۞၁ᙋࡁտĂ˟͞ࢬ˞ྋВֶܢপ ኳд઼̰̼͛ଐဩ۞ዋϡّĄڶͷВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ࡁտд઼̰إ;ᗒтĂ၆ٺ఺ܨޞ·၁۞ ࡁտᅳાĂώࡁտᑕ׍ѣ࠹༊඀ޘ۞ຍཌྷᄃᆊࣃĄ ጯ۰޽΍Вֶܢܑࢬ˯ߏ೼ّّ࿆̈́Ҿ̚ϲ۞ЩෟĂҭ఼૱ѣֱጯ۰ົϡֽೡّࢗ̃۞়ঽ ĞGranello & Beamish, 1998ğĄВֶܢপኳ̚࿅ޘჸ൏д΁ˠ֗˯ăᄮТ໰ᜪ۰ăӄˠ۞֎Ғ̈́ୂຏ΁ ˠᅮՐ۞ೡࢗ௑Ъّ̃ٙԷႊ็௚ൄዳ۞֎ҒĞCowan & Warren, 1994 ć Loring & Cowan, 1997ğĄЯ ҃ѣጯ۰ԲෞВֶܢᄃّ̃পኳᄃۤົّ̼Ҿ֎ҒࢦᝑĂт၆ҡܴم၁ĂֶᏥඈඈĂ֭૟ّ̃ତצ׎ ّҾ֎ҒमҾޞ࿃гෛࠎঽၗĞGranello & Beamish,1998ğĂЯѩВֶܢপኳజᄮࠎߏ̼͛̚၆ّ̃۞ ᄮؠĞӓࡌ͡Ăϔ 88ğĂࡶૄٺ˯ࢗጯ۰۞࠻ڱĂВֶܢপኳᑕྍշ̃ѣҾĂߏӎৌߏтѩϺߏώࡁ տԓ୕ଣտ۞ొ̶Ą

ѩγĂధкࡁտ˵඾ࢦٺˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞ّҾमள۞ࡁտĄдˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ّҾमளࡁ տ͞ࢬĂт Buhrmester ă Furman ă Wittenberg ᄃ ReisĞ1988ğࡁտ൴னẴّ۞ଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧੼ٺ

շϠĂҭдҋԧ؃ᜨă͹જ̈́࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧݋൑ّҾमளĄเ˷ऍĞϔ 85ğ۞ࡁտ̚൴னշّ۞ҋ ԧ؃ᜨ۞ਕ˧ّͧ̃ҲĄܘ͛૽׶ڒ࡚ࠡĞϔ 88ğ੫၆ 352 Ҝ̂ጯϠ൴णјሢ۞ˠᅫᙯܼ̚Ꮠ૜ّਕ ˧۞ࡁտ̚൴னĂշ̃Ϡдҋԧܑᜨ۞எޘ̈́ᇃޘ˯՟ѣमளĄ҃дᏐ૜ຏ۞ّҾमளࡁտ͞ࢬĂт അ͛ԠĞϔ 85ğдјѐ݈ഇ૓ބᏐ૜۞ࡁտ̚൴னĂдଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ăჟৠ˯۞Ꮠ૜ăᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ă ّᏐ૜ඈᆸࢬ˯Ăշّ۞Ꮠ૜ຏצព඾੼ٺ̃ϠĂҭдۤົ۞Ꮠ૜ă֗វ۞Ꮠ૜׶Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜ඈˬ͞ ࢬĂշ̃൑ព඾۞मளĄӀჴࠞĞϔ 89ğࡁտ൴னĂշّд૓ބٙ̚ຏצ۞Ꮠ૜ଐຏྵّ̃ࠎкĂ পҾߏຏ፬̝ଐĄЯѩૄٺ˯ࢗࡁտĂշ̃ϠдЧีˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞ܑன̈́Ꮠ૜۞͹៍ຏצ˯ߏӎх д඾ّҾमளϺߏώࡁտԓ୕ଣ੅۞͹ᗟĄ ૄٺ˯ࢗ۞ࡁտજ፟Ăͽ˭ซ˘Վᄲځώࡁտ̝ࡁտϫ۞ăࡁտયᗟᄃ઄న̈́ࢦࢋЩෟᛖཌྷĄ ˘ăࡁտϫ۞ Ğ˘ğଣ੅̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞मளଐԛĄ Ğ˟ğଣ੅̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝ม۞ᙯܼĄ Ğˬğଣ੅̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄ Ğαğଣ੅̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄ Ğ̣ğॲፂࡁտ۞ඕڍ೩΍ޙᛉĂͽүࠎϏֽ࠹ᙯࡁտᄃᅃጱ̍ү၁ચ۞ણ҂Ą ˟ăώࡁտ۞યᗟ Ğ˘ğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏߏӎѣमளĉ Ğ˟ğ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ߏӎѣ࠹ᙯĉ Ğˬğ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏߏӎѣ࠹ᙯĉ Ğαğ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏߏӎѣ࠹ᙯĉ ˬăώࡁտ۞઄న ઄న˘Ĉ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏѣमளĄ ઄న˟Ĉ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ѣ࠹ᙯĄ ઄నˬĈ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏѣ࠹ᙯĄ ઄నαĈ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏѣ࠹ᙯĄ αăЩෟᛖཌྷ Ğ˘ğ̂ጯϠĈ޽дέ៉гડ۞̳ռ̂ጯă፾ϲጯੰăࡊԫ̂ጯăԫఙጯੰಶ᝝۞̂˘ז̂αҋ ̎ಡӘѣ᝽ຑགྷរ̝շ̃̂ጯϠĄ Ğ˟ğВֶܢপኳĞcodependencyğĈ޽дࣧϠछलٙ̚൴ण΍ֽ˘჌׶΁ˠాඕ۞ሀёĂ׎প ᇈΒӣĈͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĞextreme focus outside of selfğăᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĞidentified caretaking

activitiesğă౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĞattempts to derive a sense of purpose through relationshipsğ̈́൑ڱܑ

྿ଐຏĞlack of open expression of feelingsğĄώࡁտܼͽצྏ۰дࡁտ̈௡ВТ࣒ࢎ۞ĶВֶܢณܑķ ˯۞଀̶΃ܑצྏ۰Вֶܢপኳ۞඀ޘĂ଀̶෸੼ܑϯצྏ۰۞Вֶܢপኳ඀ޘ෸੼Ą҃༊࣎វТॡ ׍౯˯ࢗα࣎পኳĂα̶࣎ณܑ۞଀̶Тॡౌ෸੼ॡĂ݋෸ତܕᓜԖೡࢗ۞ĶВֶܢன෪ķĂЯѩࡁ տ۰ࠎ˞ᄃٙᏜ۞Вֶܢপኳѣٙડ̶Ă݋ΩγჍ̝ࠎĶВֶܢன෪ķĄਬ૟Вֶܢপኳ۞̰உᄲځ т˭Ĉ

2. ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĈజ΁ˠ۞યᗟٙᎧᖒĂ҃نர໰ᜪҋ̎Ą 3. ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĈഽՐຑᄃ៙ధĂֶܢдᙯֽܼ̚ᙋځҋ̎۞ᆊࣃĄ 4. ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏĈᙱͽྕ၁ăฟٸ۞ܑ྿ҋ̰͕̎۞ຏצĄ ĞˬğᏐ૜ຏĞintimacyğĈ޽дຑଐᙯܼ̚Ăд̰͕எ఍វົז˘჌ᄃ၆͞Ꮠܕ۞ଐჰຏצĄώ ࡁտܼͽ̂ጯϠдࡁտ۰࣒ࢎ۞ĶᏐ૜ᙯܼณܑķ˯۞଀̶΃ܑᏐ૜ຏ۞඀ޘĄĞ͛̚۞Ꮠ૜ᄃᏐ૜ ຏົዋॡϹആ΍னğĄώณܑВ̶ࠎ̶̱࣎ณܑĂ̶ҾߏĈĶଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶۤϹ ۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶЃย۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶ֗វ۞Ꮠ૜ķ̈́Ķჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜ķ̱࣎ШޘĂЧ̶ณܑ଀̶෸੼Ăܑϯ෸ ਕᒔ଀֤˘͞ࢬ۞Ꮠ૜ຏĄਬ૟Ꮠ૜ຏ۞̰உᄲځт˭Ĉ 1. ଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜Ğemotional intimacyğĈ޽ਕ׶΁Ɲс̝มѣ჌Ꮠܕ۞ຏצĂᛇ଀كѩ࠹̢ӛ͔Ă ࠹ֶ̢ᏥĂͷΞͽكѩ̶ֳ۞ຏᛇĄ 2. ᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜Ğintellectual intimacyğĈ޽ਕ׶΁Ɲс̝ม̶ֳكѩ۞ຐڱă៍ه׶ຍ֍ĂٕВ Тྋՙયᗟ۞Ꮠ૜ຏצĂӈ޽ᗕ̝͞ม໛఼۞Ꮠ૜Ą 3. ۤϹ۞Ꮠ૜Ğsocial intimacyğĈ޽дۤົˠᅫ۞შඛ̚Ăكѩѣ඾В఼۞ڈ̓۞វរĂТॡ෪ ᇈ඾ҋ̎၆ٺكѩˠᅫᙯܼ۞ڟካă͚޺ᄃ̶ֳĄ 4. Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜Ğrecreational intimacyğĈ޽كѩਕ̶ֳ๝рăᎸ኷ĂٕВТણᄃЃย߿જॡវរ זϒШă೚ԣ۞Ꮠ૜ຏצĄ 5. ֗វ۞Ꮠ૜Ğbodily intimacyğĈ޽كѩдπ͟ਕጾѣீৠତᛈă֗វ༥ᛈăጾٱăତӚٕᇬ ၤඈᏐ૜۞វរĄ 6. ჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜Ğspiritual intimacyğĈ޽كѩጾѣᙷҬ۞Ϡ׻ຍཌྷăϠ߿ϫᇾඈඈĂٕߏكѩдޥ ຐ˯ٕ͕ី˯ݵЪ۞Ꮠ૜ຏצĄ ĞαğˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧Ğintimacy competenceğĈ޽࣎ˠᄃ΁ˠޙϲă൴ण̈́ჯ޺Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ۞ਕ˧ Ğͳᇉ჊Ăϔ 84ğĄώࡁտܼͽצྏ۰дࡁտ۰࣒ࢎ۞ĶˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ณܑķ˯۞଀̶΃ܑ̂ጯϠˠ ᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞඀ޘĄώณܑВ̶̶̣࣎ณܑĂ̶ҾߏĶ͹જķăĶ࢑ШՙᕝķăĶҋԧ؃ᜨķăĶଐჰ ͚޺ķăĶ኏ࡎ఍நķ̣࣎ШޘĄдЧ̶ณܑ଀̶෸੼۰ĂܑϯྍีˠᅫᏐ૜۞ਕ˧෸੼Ąਬ૟ˠᅫ Ꮠ૜ਕ˧̰உᄲځт˭Ĉ 1. ͹જ۞ਕ˧ĞinitiationğĈ޽ਕૉฟؕ˘߱ᙯ̢ܼٕજ۞ਕ˧Ą 2. ࢑Шՙᕝ۞ਕ˧Ğnegative assertionğĈ޽ਕૉჯ᜕ҋ̎۞ᝋৈ̈́၆΁ˠܑϯϠঈ۞ਕ˧Ą 3. ҋԧ؃ᜨ۞ਕ˧ĞdisclosureğĈ޽ਕૉҋԧ؃ᜨ࣎ˠ۞ੈि۞ਕ˧Ą 4. ଐჰ͚޺۞ਕ˧Ğemotional supportğĈ޽ਕૉ೩ֻ΁ˠଐჰ͚޺۞ਕ˧Ą 5. ኏ࡎ఍ந۞ਕ˧Ğconflict managementğĈ޽ਕૉ఍நᏐ૜ᙯܼ͔ٙ̚੓۞ˠᅫ኏ࡎ۞ਕ˧Ą

͞ ā ā ڱ

˘ăࡁտ၆෪ ώࡁտߏͽέ៉гડ̳ռϲ̂ጯă፾ϲጯੰăࡊԫ̂ጯ̈́ԫఙጯੰ˘ѐ৺זαѐ৺ҋ̎ಡӘѣ᝽ ຑགྷរ۞ጯϠࠎࡁտ၆෪Ą٩ᇹॡႽณ̶οέ៉Δă̚ăݑ̙Тࡊր۞ጯϠĂͽᕍะ٩ᇹ۞͞ё٩פ έ៉र̂ă၁ኹ̂ጯăᅃ̥̂ጯăέ៉̂ጯă઼Δरă͵າ̂ጯăέΔ᜕நጯੰăέΔࡊ̂ăϹ఼̂ ጯăᐖآ̂ጯăၓ̼र̂ă੼ฯᗁጯੰă̋̂̚ጯ̈́׶ߋԫఙጯੰඈ 14 ٙጯ७̂ጯϠࡗ 1300 ЩĂа ќᇹώВ 729 ЊĄ̝ޢ࣢ੵүඍ̙ԆБĂٕѣځពͅᑕ͕Ш̝ณܑĂ౵ޢᓁࢍѣड़ᇹώ 425 ЊĄѣड़ ᇹώૄώྤफ़ˠᇴ̶੨֍ܑ 1 Ą

ܑ1 ѣड़ᇹώࡦഀྤफ़ܑ ࡦഀྤफ़ ˠᇴ Ѻ̶ͧ ѐ৺ ˘ѐ৺ 128 30.1ƫ ˟ѐ৺ 76 17.9ƫ ˬѐ৺ 98 23.1ƫ αѐ৺ 85 20.0ƫ Ϗ๱ඍ 38 8.9ƫ ّҾ շ 140 32.9 ƫ ̃ 244 57.4 ƫ Ϗ๱ඍ 41 9.6 ƫ Ϲـଐԛ ϫ݈ϒдϹـ 217 51.1ƫ അགྷϹـ࿅ 208 48.9ƫ Ϲـॡม Ηѐ̝̰ 111 26.1ƫ ΗѐҌ˘ѐ 95 22.4ƫ ˘ѐҌ˟ѐ 98 23.1ƫ ˟ѐҌˬѐ 65 15.3ƫ ˬѐͽ˯ 50 11.8ƫ Ϗ๱ඍ 6 1.4ƫ ˟ăࡁտ̍׍ Ğ˘ğВֶܢณܑ

ώࡁտֹٙϡ۞ĶВֶܢณܑķ˜ॲፂ Spann ᄃ Fischer ٺ 1990 ѐٙበᄦ۞ĶThe Spann-Fischer Codependency Scaleķ࣒ࢎ҃јĞFischer, Spann & Crawford, 1991ğĂͽീณ̂ጯϠ۞Вֶܢপኳ۞඀ ޘĂВࢍ 15 ᗟĂ̰உΒ߁ͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇăᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғă౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ̈́൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏඈ α࣎ࢬШĄЧ̶ณܑ Cronbach ɗ۞ܼᇴ̬ٺ.5872 Ҍ.6406 ̝มĂᓁณܑ۞ Cronbach ɗ۞ܼᇴ ࠎ.7573 Ăពϯώณܑ׍ѣ˘ؠ۞ᘦؠّĄΩγĂ၆ณܑ۞̰ొඕၹซҖរᙋّЯ৵̶ژ۞ޙၹड़ޘ ̶ژĂЧ̶࣎ณܑ۞Я৵࢑ఈณ̶Ҿ̬ٺ.35-.86 ̝มĂϺពϯώࡁտ̍׍׍ѣ̙᏾۞ჸᑦड़ޘĄ Ğ˟ğᏐ૜ᙯܼณܑ ώࡁտֹٙϡ۞ĶᏐ૜ᙯܼณܑķ˜ߏࡁտ۰ણ҂ Olson ۞Ķˠᅫᙯܼ࣎̚ˠ۞Ꮠ૜෧ᕝณܑķ ĞPAIRğĞSchaefer & Olson, 1981ğ̈́അ͛ԠĞϔ 85ğĶјѐѝഇ૓ބᏐ૜ณܑķ࣒ࢎ҃јĂͽീณ̂

ጯϠдຑଐᙯܼ̚ЧีᏐ૜۞ຏצĄВࢍ 36 ᗟĂ̰உΒ߁Ķଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶۤϹ ۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶЃย۞Ꮠ૜ķăĶ֗វ۞Ꮠ૜ķ̈́Ķჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜ķ̶̱࣎ณܑĄЧ̶ณܑ Cronbach ɗ۞ ܼᇴ̬ٺ.7457 Ҍ.8247 ̝มĂᓁณܑ۞ Cronbach ɗ۞ܼᇴࠎ.9206 Ăពϯώณܑ׍ѣ˘ؠ۞ᘦؠّĄ ΩγĂ၆ณܑ۞̰ొඕၹซҖរᙋّЯ৵̶ژ۞ޙၹड़ޘ̶ژĂЧ̶࣎ณܑ۞Я৵࢑ఈณ̬ٺ.38-.75 ̝มĂϺពϯώࡁտ̍׍׍ѣ̙᏾۞ჸᑦड़ޘĄ ĞˬğˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ณܑ ώࡁտֹٙϡ۞ĶˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ķณܑ˜ॲፂ Buhrmester ඈˠĞ1988ğ۞ĶInterpersonal Competence Questionnaireķ࣒ࢎ҃јĂͽീณ̂ጯϠˠᅫᏐ૜۞ਕ˧඀ޘĄВࢍ 30 ᗟĂ̰உΒ߁ Ķ͹જķăĶ࢑ШՙᕝķăĶҋԧ؃ᜨķăĶଐჰ͚޺ķăĶ኏ࡎ఍நķĄЧ̶ณܑ Cronbach ɗ۞ܼᇴ̬

ٺ.6039 Ҍ.8185 ̝มĂᓁณܑ۞ Cronbach ɗ۞ܼᇴࠎ.8685 Ăពϯώณܑ׍ѣ˘ؠ۞ᘦؠّĄΩγĂ ၆ณܑ۞̰ొඕၹซҖរᙋّЯ৵̶ژ۞ޙၹड़ޘ̶ژĂЧ̶࣎ณܑ۞Я৵࢑ఈณ̬ٺ.29-.71 ̝มĂ Я৵ม۞࠹ᙯࠎ.37 Ҍ.85 ̝มĂϺពϯώࡁտ̍׍׍ѣ̙᏾۞ჸᑦड़ޘĄ

ඕ ā ā ڍ

˘ă̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏ۞मள̶ژ ώ༼ߏॲፂಏЯ̄кតีតளᇴ̶ژ̶ֽҾ҂រͧྵ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏ۞ߏӎхдព඾۞मளĂඕڍт˭Ĉ Ğ˘ğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞Вֶܢপኳ̝मளͧྵ ܑ 2 ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдВֶܢณܑ۞Ч̶ณ̶ܑᇴ̝кតีតளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑ ֽ໚ df SSCP Ğಏតีğ F ௡ม 1 .372 .046 2.695 19.536 2.378 -5.543 -40.184 82.657 8.757** 1.374 9.963 -20.494 5.081 .957* .835 ௡̰ 382 3104.128 1213.430 3137.871 1164.043 1002.059 3605.843 388.688 800.615 837.931 2325.479 *ɧŴ.05 ** ɧŴ.0125 ොĈ SSCP ࠎᗓӮमπ͞׶Ϲࢷ᎕৏ੱ ܑ 2 ពϯĂ̙ТّҾ۞̂ጯϠдВֶܢপኳ̝मள྿.05 ௚ࢍព඾ͪ໤Ğ^=.957, ɧŴ.05ğĄ҃ࠎ ˞ซ˘Վ˞ྋВֶܢপኳ̰உдّҾ˯۞मளࠎңĂͽಏЯ̄ಏតีតளᇴ̶ژĂ֭አፋɗࠎ.0125 Ğ.05/4ğүࠎְޢͧྵĂٙ଀۞ඕڍтܑ˟౵ޢ˘᛼ٙӔனĄ׎̚൴னĂ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдĶ౅࿅ᙯ ܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķ͞ࢬѣྵځពमளĞշϠπӮᇴࠎ 12.20 ẴϠ۞πӮᇴࠎ 13.16ğĄЯѩࡁտ઄న̙ ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳѣमளĂᒔ଀௚ࢍྤफ़۞͚޺Ą҃ͷְޢͧྵពϯ͹ࢋमளߏдĶ౅࿅ᙯ ܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķ̶ณܑ̝଀̶˯Ą Ğ˟ğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝मளͧྵ ܑ 3 ពϯĂ̙ТّҾ۞̂ጯϠˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝मள྿.05 ௚ࢍព඾ͪ໤Ğ^=.953, ɧŴ.05ğĄ҃ࠎ ˞ซ˘Վ˞ྋˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̰உдّҾ˯۞मளࠎңĂͽಏЯ̄ಏតีតளᇴ̶ژĂ֭አፋɗࠎ.01 Ğ.05/5ğүࠎְޢͧྵĂٙ଀۞ඕڍтܑˬ౵ޢ˘᛼ٙӔனĄ׎̚൴னĂ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдĶଐჰ͚ ޺ਕ˧ķ͞ࢬѣྵځពमளĞշϠπӮᇴࠎ 22.70 ẴϠ۞πӮᇴࠎ 23.69ğĄЯѩࡁտ઄న̙ТّҾ ̂ጯϠ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ѣमளĂᒔ଀௚ࢍྤफ़۞͚޺Ą҃ͷְޢͧྵពϯ͹ࢋ۞मளߏдĶଐჰ͚޺ ਕ˧̶ณܑķ̝଀̶˯Ą

ܑ 3 ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ณܑ۞Ч̶ณ̶ܑᇴ̝кតีតளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑ ֽ໚ df SSCP Ğಏតีğ F ௡ม 1 33.850 2.890 -10.178 3.060 .297 44.857 -13.488 59.444 5.681 54.245 -16.311 71.884 86.928 .953* 7.723** -.231 .070 -.307 -.371 .002 .000 ௡̰ 382 4474.775 1558.678 3934.940 2160.299 1884.363 3996.845 1897.567 1333.061 1958.569 4299.728 1544.106 1037.430 1568.025 2396.308 4061.623 ɧ * Ŵ.05 ** ɧŴ.01 Ğˬğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞Ꮠ૜ຏ̝मளͧྵ ܑ 4 ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдᏐ૜ᙯܼณܑЧ̶ณ̶ܑᇴ̝кតีតளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑ ֽ df SSCP Ğಏតีğ ໚ F ௡ 1 56.318 5.026 ม -12.996 2.999 .176 -23.721 5.474 9.991 .470 72.447 -16.718 -30.514 93.195 5.716 88.021 -20.311 -37.074 113.229 137.569 6.841 6.672 -1.540 -2.810 8.583 10.428 .790 .948* .048 ௡ 382 4280.721 ̰ 3330.996 6518.334 989.330 1850.526 8115.915 3013.889 3722.384 2184.155 6228.427 3410.011 2300.311 639.761 3824.240 7682.056 3999.414 4315.873 1545.951 3589.623 3517.041 6287.332 *ɧŴ.05 ** ɧŴ.0083 ܑ 4 ពϯĂ̙ТّҾ۞̂ጯϠдᏐ૜ຏ̝मள྿.05 ௚ࢍព඾ͪ໤Ğ^=.948, ɧŴ.05ğĄ҃ࠎ˞ซ ˘Վ˞ྋᏐ૜ຏ̰உдّҾ˯۞मளࠎңĂͽಏЯ̄ಏតีតளᇴ̶ژĂ֭አፋɗࠎ.0083Ğ.05/6ğ үࠎְޢͧྵĂٙ଀۞ඕڍтܑα౵ޢ˘᛼ٙӔனĄ׎̚൴னĂᔵ൒̙ТّҾ۞̂ጯϠдፋវᏐ૜ຏ ̝มѣځពमளĂҭдЧ࣎Ꮠ૜ຏ۞̶ณ̶ܑᇴ֭൑ځពमளĄࡁտ઄న̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞Ꮠ૜ຏѣ मளĂᒔ଀௚ࢍྤफ़۞͚޺Ąҭְޢͧྵពϯ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдЧ࣎Ꮠ૜ຏ۞̶ณ̶ܑᇴ֭൑ព඾म ளĄ

˟ă̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕڍ̶ژ ώ༼͹ࢋ۞ϫ۞дଣ੅ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝ม۞ᙯܼĄϤܑ 5 ׏ݭ࠹ᙯ̶ژඕڍពϯĂ ٙ଀α࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯܼᇴĞɧğ̶ࠎ.388 ă.297 ă.245 ă.139 ĂӮ྿.05 ۞௚ࢍព඾ͪ໤Ą ܑ 5 ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝׏ݭ࠹ᙯ̶ژၡࢋܑ Xតี ׏ݭតี Yតี ׏ݭតี ɬ1 _ɬ2 _ɬ3 _ɬ4 _ɝ1 _ɝ2 _ɝ3 _ɝ4 ͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇ -.675 -.670 -.062 -.303 ͹જ .277 .702 .026 -.346 ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ -.172 -.049 .464 -.867 ࢑Шՙᕝ -.141 .553 .159 .670 Ғ ҋԧ؃ᜨ -.004 .920 -.347 .114 ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ .096 -.244 -.666 -.699 ଐჰ͚޺ .827 .413 -.223 .308 ຍཌྷຏ ኏ࡎ఍ந .539 .561 .536 .070 ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏ .610 -.708 .232 -.271 ٩΍តளᇴѺ̶ͧ .214 .426 .097 .136 ࢦᝑ 032 .038 .006 .003 ٩΍តளᇴ .216 .253 .179 .351 ɧ2 _{.1505 .0882 .060 .0193} Ѻ̶ͧ .033 .022 .011 .007 ࢦᝑ ׏ݭ࠹ᙯɧ .388* .297* .245* .139* *ɧŴ.05 ௐ˘࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤα࣎ X តี̚۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķĞX1_{ğăĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķ} ĞX4_{ğ౅࿅ௐ˘࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ}1_{ğ҃ᄃ̣࣎ Y តี۞ௐ˘࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ}1_{ğயϠᙯᓑّĄຍӈ༊࣎} វ෸้̙Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĂ෸้Ш൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏॡĂ݋ଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧ᄃ኏ࡎ఍நਕ˧Ӯ෸੼Ą ௐ˟࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤα࣎ X តี̚Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķĞX1_{ğăĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķ} ĞX4_{ğ౅࿅ௐ˟࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ}2_{ğ҃ᄃ̣࣎ Y តี۞ௐ˟࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ}2_{ğயϠᙯᓑĄຍӈ༊࣎វ} ෸้̙Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĂ෸้̙Ш൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏĂ݋͹જਕ˧ă࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧ăҋԧ؃ᜨਕ˧ăଐჰ ͚޺ਕ˧̈́኏ࡎ఍ந۞ਕ˧ౌ้Ш෸੼Ą ௐˬ࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤα࣎ X តี۞ĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒķĞX2_{ğăĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍ} ཌྷຏķĞX3_{ğ۞౅࿅ௐˬ࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ}3_{ğ҃ᄃ̣࣎ Y តี۞ௐˬ࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ}3_{ğயϠᙯᓑّĄ} ຍӈ༊࣎វ෸้̙Ш౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĂ෸้ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĂ݋ҋԧ؃ᜨਕ˧้Ш෸ҲĂ኏ࡎ ఍நਕ˧้Ш෸੼Ą ௐα࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤα࣎ X តี۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķĞX1_{ğăĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғķ} ĞX2_{ğăĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķĞX}3_{ğ౅࿅ௐα࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ}4_{ğ҃ᄃ̣࣎ Y តี۞ௐα࣎׏ݭតี} Ğɝ4_{ğயϠᙯᓑّĄຍӈ༊࣎វ෸้̙Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇă෸้̙ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғă෸้̙Ш౅࿅ᙯ} ܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĂ݋࢑Шՙᕝ۞ਕ˧้Ш෸੼Ăଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧้Ш෸੼Ă͹જਕ˧෸ҲĄ ˬă̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕڍ̶ژ ώ༼͹ࢋ۞ϫ۞дଣ੅ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄϤܑ 6 ׏ݭ࠹ᙯ̶ژඕڍពϯĂٙ଀˟ ࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯܼᇴĞɧğ̶Ҿࠎ.305 ă.227 ĂӮ྿.05 ௚ࢍ۞ព඾ͪ໤Ą

ܑ 6 ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞׏ݭ࠹ᙯ̶ژၡࢋܑ Xតี ׏ݭតี Yតี ׏ݭតี ɬ1 _ɬ2 _ɝ1 _ɝ2 ͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇ -.775 .380 ଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ .138 -.084 ᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ .762 -.041 ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғ -.670 -.608 ۤϹ۞Ꮠ૜ .203 -.946 Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜ .521 -.315 ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ -.781 -.014 ֗វ۞Ꮠ૜ -.020 -.103 ჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜ .136 -.213 ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏ -.377 .263 ٩΍តளᇴ̶ͧ .155 .176 ࢦᝑ .014 .009 ٩΍តளᇴѺ̶ͧ .450 .146 ɧ2 _{.0930 .0515} ׏ݭ࠹ᙯɧ .305* .227* ࢦᝑ .042 .007 *ɧŴ.05 ௐ˘࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤα࣎ X តี۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķĞX1_{ğăĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғķ} ĞX2_{ğăĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķĞX}3_{ğăĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķĞX}4_{ğᄃ̱࣎ Y តี۞ௐ˘࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ} 1_{ğயϠᙯᓑّĄຍӈ༊࣎វ෸้̙Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĂ෸้̙ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĂ෸้̙Ш౅࿅ᙯܼ} ᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĂ̈́෸้̙Ш൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏॡĂ݋׎ᄮۢᏐ૜̈́Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜ౌ้Ш෸੼Ą ௐ˟࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤα࣎ X តี۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķĞX1_{ğăĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғķ} ĞX2_{ğ౅࿅ௐ˟࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ}2_{ğ҃ᇆᜩ̱࣎ Y តี۞ௐ˟࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ}2_{ğĄຍӈ༊࣎ˠ෸้̙Ш} ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĂ෸้Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇॡĂ׎ۤϹ۞Ꮠ૜̈́Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜ౌ้Ш෸ҲĄ αă̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕڍ̶ژ ώ༼͹ࢋ۞ϫ۞д̶ژВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄϤܑ 7 ׏ݭ࠹ᙯ̶ژඕ ڍٙϯĂᒔ଀ˬ࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯܼᇴĞɧğĂ̶Ҿࠎ.425 ă.306 ă.254 ĂӮ྿.05 ௚ࢍ۞ព඾ͪ໤Ą ௐ˘࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤ˝࣎ X តี۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķăĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķă Ķ͹જķăĶ࢑ШՙᕝķăĶҋԧ؃ᜨķăĶଐჰ͚޺ķăĶ኏ࡎ఍நķ౅࿅ௐ˘࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ1_ğ҃ᄃ ̱࣎ Y តี۞ௐ˘࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ1_{ğயϠᙯᓑّĄຍӈ༊࣎វ෸้Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇă෸้Ш౅࿅ᙯ} ܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĂ҃͹જă࢑Шՙᕝăҋԧ؃ᜨăଐჰ͚޺ă኏ࡎ఍நਕ˧ౌ้Ш෸ҲॡĂ׎ଐຏ۞Ꮠ ૜ăᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ăۤϹ۞Ꮠ૜ăЃย۞Ꮠ૜ă֗វ۞Ꮠ૜ăჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜ౌ้Ш෸ҲĄ ௐ˟࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯᙯܼඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤ˝࣎ X តี۞ĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒķăĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍ ཌྷຏķăĶ͹જķăĶ኏ࡎ఍நķ౅࿅ௐ˟࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ2_{ğ҃ᄃ̱࣎ Y តี۞ௐ˟࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ} 2_{ğĄຍӈ༊࣎វ෸้ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰Ă෸้Ш౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏă෸׍౯͹જ۞ਕ˧Ă̈́኏ࡎ఍ந۞} ਕ˧෸ҲॡĂ׎ۤϹᏐ૜้Ш෸੼ăᄮۢᏐ૜้Ш෸ҲĄ ௐˬ࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯᙯܼඕၹ௡ݭĂ͹ࢋߏϤ˝࣎ X តี۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķăĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷ ຏķăĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķăĶ͹જķăĶଐჰ͚޺ķ౅࿅ௐˬ࣎׏ݭតีĞɬ3_{ğ҃ᄃ̱࣎ Y តี۞ௐˬ} ࣎׏ݭតีĞɝ3_{ğயϠᙯᓑّĄຍӈ༊࣎វ෸้Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇă෸้Ш౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏă෸} ้Ш൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏĂͷ͹જਕ˧෸ҲĂଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧෸੼ॡĂ݋ଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ă֗វ۞Ꮠ૜ăჟৠ۞Ꮠ

૜෸੼ĂҭۤϹᏐ૜෸ҲĄ ܑ 7 ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝׏ݭ࠹ᙯ̶ژၡࢋܑ Xតี ׏ݭតี Yតี ׏ݭតี ɬ1 _ɬ2 _ɬ3 _ɝ1 _ɝ2 _ɝ3 ͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇ .541 .181 .390 ଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ -.601 .009 .632 ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғ .284 .607 -.004 ᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ -.740 -.537 .042 ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ .330 .520 .471 ۤϹ۞Ꮠ૜ -.434 .455 -.554 ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏ .207 .042 .416 Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜ -.919 .165 .204 ͹જ -.540 .348 -.357 ֗វ۞Ꮠ૜ -.499 .225 .546 ࢑Шՙᕝ -.587 .197 -.111 ჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜ -.479 -.061 .436 ҋԧ؃ᜨ -.618 .258 .168 ٩΍តளѺ̶ͧ .403 .096 .206 ଐჰ͚޺ -.846 -.010 .378 ኏ࡎ఍ந -.459 -.377 -.002 ࢦᝑ .073 .009 .013 ٩΍តளѺ̶ͧ .274 .116 .095 ɧ2 _{.1806 .0936 .0645} ׏ݭ࠹ᙯ ɧ .425* .306* .254* ࢦᝑ .049 .011 .006 *ɧŴ.05

੅ ā ā ኢ

˘ă̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏ۞मள̶ژ Ğ˘ğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдВֶܢপኳ˯मள̶ژඕڍ ώࡁտ൴னĂ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдВֶܢপኳ۞଀̶˯ѣځពमளĄซ˘Վ̶ژͧྵ൴னдĶ౅࿅ ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķ͞ࢬĂ̂ጯ̃Ϡ۞଀̶ځព੼ٺ̂ጯշϠĂӈ̂ጯ̃ϠͧշϠѣՀкĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ ଀ຍཌྷຏķ۞้ШĄ Ķ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдВֶܢপኳ˯मளķ̝੅ኢ ώࡁտඕڍពϯĂշϠ۞ВֶܢপኳΞਕѣҾٺ̃ϠĄѩඕڍᄃкᇴ۞ᓜԖ͛ᚥ̈́࠹ᙯࡁտ࠹௑ ЪĞFischer & Beer, 1990 ć Fischer, Spann & Crawford, 1991 ć Fuller & Warner, 2000 ćች୿࿚Ăϔ

91ğĄкᇴ۞ᓜԖ͛ᚥ̈́࠹ᙯࡁտкΗ͚޺Вֶܢ۞পኳշ̃ѣҾĂͷ̃Ϡ੼ٺշϠĞFischer & Beer,

1990ć Fischer, Spann & Crawford, 1991 ć Fuller & Warner, 2000ğĄңͽ̃Ϡ۞Вֶܢপኳົ੼ٺշ

Ϡĉࡁտ۰ॲፂ࠹ᙯ͛ᚥᕩৼΞਕ۞ࣧЯѣĈĞ1ğጯ۰ᄮࠎВֶܢᄃ็௚ّ̃۞পኳ࠹ࢦᝑĂᄃ̃ ّגڕҖࠎᄃّ̃Яᑕᑅ˧۞ඉரѣᙯĞCowan & Warren, 1994 ć Roehling, Koelbel & Rutgers,

1996ğĂΒ߁࿅̶ୂຏ΁ˠ۞ᅮՐăפॆ̈́ӄˠĞCowan ō Warren, 1994ğĂֶᏥ΁ˠ៙ధăنரҋ̎

۞ᅮՐăࠧࢨ̙୻̈́ᙯܼ஄ใඈĞӓࡌ͡Ăϔ 88ğĄĞ2ğۤົഇޞّ̃૟ڦຍ˧ٸд໰ᜪҾˠĂ҃ ܧ໰ᜪҋ̎ĄЯѩд఺ᇹ۞ۤົ̼͛۞ᑅ˧˭ẴّटٽεΝҋԧĂᙱͽᑭෛҋ̰͕̎۞ᅮՐĞາࡺ ᛌĂϔ 87 ć Granello & Beamish, 1998ğĂ҃Ξਕጱ࡭ѣྵк۞Вֶܢ้ШĄ

൒҃Ăѣࡁտ۞ඕڍᔵ൒ӔனВֶܢ۞পኳշ̃ѣҾĂҭߏݒߏշϠ۞Вֶܢ̶ᇴ੼ٺ̃ϠĄּ тች୿࿚Ğϔ 91ğͽ 723 Ҝ੼̚ᖚ۞ጯϠࠎ၆෪Ăଣ੅Ꮠ̄ᙯܼᄃВֶܢ̝ม۞࠹ᙯඕڍ൴னĂշϠ

Вֶܢপኳ۞ᓁ̶̈́Вֶܢপኳ̚۞Ķͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇķăĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒķăĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķ۞଀ ̶੼ٺ̃Ϡ۞Вֶܢপኳ۞଀̶ĂҭВֶܢপኳ̚۞Ķ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķ۞଀̶Ă݋ߏ̃Ϡ੼ٺ շϠĄ҃ች୿࿚ᄮࠎ఺ᇹ۞ඕڍΞਕߏ઼ˠ၆ٺշّّҾ֎ҒഇޞٙౄјĄ ൒҃ĂϺѣࡁտඕڍពϯշ̃Ϡ۞Вֶܢপኳ൑ّҾमளĞӓࡌ͡Ăϔ 88 ć໅೾೎Ăϔ 90ğĂព ϯᙯٺВֶܢ۞ّҾमளଐԛҬͼإ൑ؠኢĄڶͷϫ઼݈̰۞࠹ᙯ۞ࡁտ่ѣᇴቔĂߏӎΞਕߏշ̃ ϠౌצזᙯܼפШĞ໅̚۾Ăϔ 88ğĂͽ׶ࠎෳă࣎ˠ̙ᐌຍܑ྿̰͕ଐຏ׶ᅮՐĞMarkus & Kitayama, 1991ğ۞઼̼͛̚ᆊࣃ៍۞ᇆᜩĄٕ۰Ăᐌ඾ۤົ۞ᖼតẴّྵ̙צ็௚ّҾ֎Ғࢨט Ğܘ͛૽ăڒ࡚ࠡĂϔ 88ğĂ҃ѣྵкҋԧ۞ቡ߇Ğᆒ঴ӀĂϔ 90ğĂЯ҃Ξਕֹ଀઼̰շ̃ϠдВֶ ܢ۞ܑன˯֭൑˘࡭۞ඕኢĂࣃ଀ซ˘ՎଣտĄ Ķ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠд౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ˯मளķ̝੅ኢ ώࡁտ۞ඕڍซ˘Վ൴ன̂ጯ̃Ϡͧ̂ጯշϠѣՀкĶ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķ۞้ШĄѩ่̙ᄃ ች୿࿚Ğϔ 91ğ۞ࡁտ଀ז࠹Т۞ඕኢĂ˵ᄃೡّࢗ̃ྵշّࢦෛᙯܼפШ۞͛ᚥ࠹௑ЪĞGilligan,

1988Ă͔ҋ Collins, 1993 ć Miller, 1991 Ă͔ҋ Sharf, 2000ğĄ

BakkenĞ1992ğ۞ࡁտ޽΍Ẵّ۞ଐຏᅮՐ੼ٺշّĞเᇊ܆Ăϔ 88ğĄĶᙯܼ̚۞ҋԧநኢķ ܑ ϯ Ă ̃ ّ ۞ ҋ ԧ ᄮ Т Ğ self-identityğ ߏ ౅ ࿅ ᄃ ΁ ˠ ۞ ᙯ ܼ ֽ ൴ ण Ğ Gilligan, 1988 Ă ͔ ҋ Collins,1993ğĂ֭ܧഈШҋ͹ᄃ࣎វ̼Ă҃ߏವՐᙯܼ۞ాඕᄃ̢જĞCollins, 1993ğĄѩγĂצזૻ ҃ѣ˧۞ۤົ̼۞ᇆᜩĂౄјّ̃ڦࢦᙯܼ۞͵ࠧ៍ĞषࡌδĂϔ 90ğĄّ̃ߏۤົ۞ܢᛳဥវĂᛇ ଀ҋ̎ྵ̙ࢦࢋĂЯѩӅ˧൴ण׶Тّٕளّ۞ᙯֽܼ႕֖΁ˠଐჰ۞ٕϠந˯۞ᅮՐĞSharf, 2000ğĄГ۰Ă็௚۞έ៉ۤົૻአّ̃ࢋ໢׶ăᜁࠗăԡ࡝̈́൑ԧĞՂ࡚ڑĂϔ 84ğćّ̃дᙯܼ ̚జࢋՐΪՐ;΍Ă̙ՐаಡĞᆒ঴ӀĂϔ 90ğĄ ЯѩĂࡁտ۰ᄮࠎΞਕϤٺ̃Ϡ۞ࢦࢋ൴णޙϲٺᙯܼ̚۞࣎វ̼࿅඀Ă҃ܧᄃᙯ̶ܼᗓć̃Ϡ ͧྵᙯ͕ᄃࢦࢋᙯܼˠჯ޺ଐຏాඕĂͽѩؠཌྷҋ̎۞ᆊࣃĞችսࠠĂϔ 86ğĂГΐ˯ۤົഇޞĂЯ ҃Ξਕֹ଀̃̂ጯϠдВֶܢณܑ˯Ķ౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏķ۞̶ᇴځព੼ٺշϠĄ̙࿅ࢦෛᙯܼ۞ ాඕົ̙ົֹ଀̃ϠдπᏊҋ͹ᄃᏐ૜ॡ࿃זՀк۞ᙱᗟĂጱ࡭ѣՀкВֶܢ۞้Ш၁дᅮࢋԸڦՀ к۞ᙯ͕ᄃڦຍĄ Ğ˟ğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧˯मள̶ژඕڍ ώࡁտ൴னĂ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞଀̶˯ѣځពमளĄՀซ˘Վ൴னдĶଐჰ͚޺ ਕ˧ķ͞ࢬĂ̂ጯ̃Ϡ۞଀̶ځព੼ٺ̂ጯշϠĂӈ̂ጯ̃Ϡͧ̂ጯշϠՀਕૉ೩ֻ΁ˠଐჰ۞͚ ޺Ą Ķ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧˯मளķ̝੅ኢ ώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃ Buhrmester ඈˠĞ1988ğ۞ࡁտඕڍ࠹௑ЪĄ Buhrmester ඈˠдĞ1988ğ۞ࡁտ ൴னẴّ۞ଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧੼ٺշϠĂҭдҋԧ؃ᜨă͹જ̈́࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧݋൑ّҾमளĄ ώࡁտඕڍពϯ̃ϠᄃշϠ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ѣځពमளĂ͍׎ߏଐჰ͚޺͞ࢬẴϠͧշϠՀਕ ૉ೩ֻ΁ˠଐჰ۞͚޺Ąࡁտ۰ॲፂ࠹ᙯ͛ᚥᄮࠎΞਕ۞ࣧЯт˭ĈĞ1ğିዳ͞ё̙ТẴϠజခ ᐽ൴ण၆΁ˠᅮՐ۞ୂຏّĂጯ௫זྵָ۞ଐჰୂຏਕ˧̈́ᛇ၅၆͞ଐჰ۞ਕ˧Ğเᇊ܆Ăϔ 88 ć Prager, 1995ğĄĞ2ğᙯܼ̚ҋԧநኢܑϯĂ౅࿅ϓᏐ໰ᜪᙯܼ۞͞ёĞଐຏ˯۞ୂຏăᇬᇐඈğĂ̈́ ϓᖚ֎Ғ۞ϯቑẴّజခᐽ൴ण΍Тநୂຏ۞ਕ˧Ăдϓ̃ᙯܼ̚ѣՀкቚ௫ᙯᘃҾˠ۞፟ົĞᆒ ঴ӀĂϔ 90ğĄĞ3ğۤົ̼͛˭ّҾ֎Ғ۞גڕО෪ౄјշّّҾ֎Ғ۞኏ࡎĂշّፉ͕ҋ้̎ ᝘ăࣵڥ̙ߏշ̄႔۞ҖࠎĂՀፉ͕၆ٺ׎΁շّពனϒࢬ۞ଐຏົజᄱᄮࠎТّ᝽Ă҃צזТጓ۞ ଵᑟĂЯ҃Ξਕֹշّ۞ଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧̈́ҋԧ؃ᜨ۞ਕ˧צזࢨטĞᆒսऍăڒځᆵĂϔ 85ğĄ ώࡁտඕڍពϯ̂ጯշ̃ϠдĶҋԧ؃ᜨķ۞ਕ˧˯֭൑ځពमளĂᄃѣֱ͛ᚥពϯّҾ֎Ғ኏

ࡎΞਕᑅԺշّ۞ҋԧ؃ᜨĞችϖາĂϔ 88ğ۞࠻ڱ̙֭࠹ТĄ̙࿅Ă PragerĞ1995ğഅ޽΍Ă༊้ ෦۞၆෪ߏّ̃Ăٕ۰ѣՀк̍׍ّ۞ຍဦॡĂ̂ጯշϠົд̢જ̚ົ؃ᜨՀк࣎ˠ۞ੈिĄЯѩଣ ੅ٕീณҋԧ؃ᜨਕ˧տౣշ੼ٕ̃੼ĂҬͼᔘᅮ҂ᇋҋԧ؃ᜨ۞જ̢፟̈́જ၆෪۞ّҾ̖ҖĄ Ğˬğ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдᏐ૜ຏ˯मள̶ژඕڍ ώࡁտ൴னĂ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдፋវᏐ૜ຏ̝มᔵѣព඾मளĂҭְޢͧྵ൴ன̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠ дЧ࣎Ꮠ૜ຏ۞̶ณ̶ܑᇴ֭൑ځពमளĄ Ķ̙ТّҾ̂ጯϠдᏐ૜ຏ˯मளķ̝੅ኢ അ͛ԠĞϔ 85ğдјѐ݈ഇ૓ބᏐ૜۞ࡁտ̚൴னĂдଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ăჟৠ˯۞Ꮠ૜ăᄮۢ۞Ꮠ ૜ăّᏐ૜ඈᆸࢬ˯Ăշّ۞Ꮠ૜ຏצព඾੼ٺ̃ϠĂҭдۤົ۞Ꮠ૜ă֗វ۞Ꮠ૜׶Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜ඈ ˬ͞ࢬĂշ̃൑ព඾۞मளĄӀჴࠞĞϔ 89ğд૓ބᏐ૜ଐຏّ̝Ҿमள۞ࡁտ൴னĂշّд૓ބ ٙ̚ຏצ۞Ꮠ૜ଐຏྵّ̃ࠎкĂপҾߏຏ፬̝ଐĄώࡁտͽ̂ጯϠࠎ၆෪۞ඕڍᄃ˯ࢗഅ͛ԠĞϔ 85ğăӀჴࠞĞϔ 89ğͽ̏૓۰ࠎ၆෪۞ࡁտඕڍ̙֭˘࡭Ăտౣߏࡁտ၆෪۞̙Тౄј۞मளĂᔘ ߏѣ׎΁۞ࣧЯĂѣޞՀஎˢ۞ࡁտĄ ࠹ᙯ͛ᚥкΗ͚޺շ̃Ϡд੠ՐᏐ૜۞͞ё̈́ಈຑᏐ૜ତᛈ۞ԛёхд඾ّҾमளĄѐᅅّ̃Հ ΞਕགྷϤ˾ᄬܑ྿΁ࣇ۞໢ື̈́ຑຍĂྵࢦෛᙯܼ̚۞ኘྖ̈́ଐຏ۞̶ֳćշّͧྵົ౅࿅Ꮠ૜۞Җ ࠎٕВТણᄃ߿જֽܑϯᏐ૜ĞPrager, 1995 ć Saxton, 1996ğĄЯѩ˯ࢗ͛ᚥٙ֏ᄃώඕڍ̙֭௑ ЪĄ̙࿅઼̰അ͛ԠĞϔ 85ğࡁտ൴னĂିֈ඀ޘ෸੼Ă̙ኢշ̃Ϡౌ၆Ꮠ૜ຏѣՀ੼۞ᅮՐĂЯ ѩࡁտ۰ଯຐ̂ጯշ̃ϠΞਕౌ࡭˧੠Ր̈́ᒉౄ׌ˠ۞Ꮠ૜ຏĂЯѩͽ࡭ٺдЧีᏐ૜ຏצ۞मள֭ ̙ځពĂ̙࿅఺ีଯኢ̪ᅮ͟ޢՀк۞ࡁտ͚޺ᄃଣ੅Ą ᓁ҃֏̝Ăώࡁտඕڍ൴னВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏхд඾ّҾमளĄҭ Balswick ᄃ PeekĞ1971ğ޽΍Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ̚۞ّҾमளΞਕྫྷ็௚ّҾ֎ҒѣᙯĞ͔ҋ Fischer, 1981ğĄշ̃Ϡ ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏม۞ّҾमளտౣߏА͇Ϡۏ۞ᇆᜩĂٕߏᄃ̼͛ഇޞٕᄃّ Ҿ֎ҒѣᙯĂ૟ߏϏֽซ˘Վ۞ࡁտ͞ШĄ ˟ă̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞ᙯܼ ώࡁտඕڍពϯВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝มߏѣ࠹ᙯхд۞Ą׎̚΍ன˞α࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯ۞ඕ ၹĄҭॲፂࡁտ۰၆ᓜԖೡࢗ۞Вֶܢன෪۞ؠཌྷĞВֶܢณܑα̶࣎ณܑ଀̶Тॡౌ੼ğĂᑢ૟В ֶܢᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧มٙᒔ଀۞׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕڍ̶ј׌࣎ొ̶ֽଣ੅ĈĞ1ğВֶܢன෪ᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ ˧ม۞ᙯܼĞ2ğВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧׎΁׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭ۞ᙯܼĄ Ğ˘ğВֶܢன෪ᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ม۞ᙯܼ Ϥܑ 5 ̚۞ௐα࣎׏ݭᙯܼ௡ݭΞ൴னĂ༊̂ጯϠ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă׎࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧̈́ଐჰ͚ ޺ਕ˧෸ҲĂҭ͹જਕ˧෸੼ĄώࡁտඕڍΞᄃВֶܢ۞͛ᚥೡࢗ̈́ Carson ᄃ BakerĞ1994ğ۞ࡁտ ඕڍ࠹̢၆໰Ą MellodyĞܘ඘᎖ᛌĂϔ 85ğܑϯĂВֶܢЯࠎჯᘭᏐ૜ਕ˧צຫĂ҃൑ڱᄃˠޙϲᏐ૜۞ᙯ ܼĄ LarsenĞ͔ҋາࡺᛌĂϔ 89bğᄮࠎВֶܢົഴຫฟؕ̈́ણᄃᏐ૜ᙯܼਕ˧Ă΁ࣇࠦᛵୁજٕણ ᄃЧ჌̓ච۞Ꮠ૜ᙯܼĄ Carson ᄃ BakerĞ1994ğࡁտ൴னВֶܢΒӣ˘ཏˠᅫᙯܼ۞ӧᙱăன၁ീ ྏ۞ӧᙱͽ̰̈́ड۞ᇎ៭ĂͷЪ׀ѣ̙щБ۞ֶܢᙯܼĂΞਕѣ˘ֱۤϹ۞̙౼ЇĂтच௧Ă̙ۢт ңᄃˠޙϲᙯܼĂ้҃ШᄃˠཏழᗓĄͽ˯ྤफ़ពϯВֶܢ۰Ξਕͣˠᅫ̢જ۞ਕ˧้҃Шᄃˠཏழ ᗓĄ ൒҃ώࡁտݒ൴னВֶܢᄃ͹જਕ˧ѣϒШ۞ᙯܼĂពϯВֶܢপኳ෸੼Ă͹જਕ˧෸੼Ąଣտ ώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃ͛ᚥೡࢗొ̶̙௑Ъ۞ࣧЯΞਕѣ˭Е׌ᕇĈ

ௐ˘ĂВֶܢ۰टٽᙯܼ˯ᝒĞ໅೾೎Ăϔ 89 ć Weinhold & Weinhold, 1989ğĄϩ܁ⰏĞই˷ ᛌĂϔ 82ğᄮࠎᙯܼ˯ᝒ۰఼૱ഽ࠽ຑଐĂ৿ͻ࡝͕ĄѩγĂᙯܼ௡ݭពϯĂ׎ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰̈́౅࿅ ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ۞้Ш˫ྵ੼ĂЯѩՀΞਕचُ૚ွ҃᎕ໂವՐາ۞ˠᅫᙯܼĄ̢જ̚΁ࣇ้Ш໰ᜪ ΁ˠĂᙯᘃ΁ˠ۞ᅮՐĂගˠຏᛇߏ࣎·႕ຑ͕Ăᙸຍ;΍۞ˠĞາࡺᛌĂ 89bğĂЯѩฟؕᄃˠ̢ જ۞ਕ˧ྵָĄ Buhrmester ඈˠĞ1988ğࡁտ൴னĂ͹જਕ˧౵ਕ࿰ീࣣฟؕ۞ᙯܼ႕ຍޘĄҭᙯܼ ۞ჯ޺ᅮࢋ׎΁۞ਕ˧ֽ྿јĂЯѩ̓ኖ۞႕ຍޘᄃଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧۞࠹ᙯ౵ૻĞBuhrmester, 1988ğĄ Яѩࡁտ۰ଯീΞਕ෸้ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰̈́౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ۞Вֶܢ۰ĂΞਕ˘ฟؕਕૉޙϲ̙᏾ ۞ᙯܼĂҭΞਕ৿ͻ̙Тᙯܼล߱ٙᅮ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧Ăтଐჰ͚޺ᄃ࢑Шՙᕝ۞ਕ˧Ă͟ޢᔘߏΞ ਕ΍னᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ӧᙱĄ ௐ˟Ăࡁտ۰ଯീВֶܢα࣎পᇈ้Ш̙Т඀ޘ۞௡ЪᄃˠᅫᏐ૜˧۞ᙯܼ௡ݭ˵ѣٙमளĄЯ ࠎВֶܢপኳ۞้Шѣ඀ޘ۞मளĂڶͷВֶܢ۰۞Җࠎሀё˫צז࣎ˠࡦഀᄃˠॾЯ৵۞ᇆᜩ҃Ӕ ன̙Т۞পኳĂ఺˵ߏؠཌྷВֶܢ࿃ז౵̂۞ᙱᗟĞາࡺᛌĂϔ 89a Ăϔ 89bğĄߊ൒Вֶܢѣтѩк ᇹ۞ࢬᄻĂЯѩࡁտ۰ଯኢВֶܢα࣎পᇈ้Ш̙Т඀ޘ۞௡ЪĂΞਕᄃˠᅫᏐ૜˧۞ᙯᓑΞਕົ΍ ன̙Т۞ᙯܼ௡ݭĂणன̙Т۞ˠᅫሀёĄ̙࿅ᙯٺ˯ࢗ۞ଯീ̪ᅮϏֽซ˘Վ۞ࡁտ҂រĂٕధΞ ਕѣӄٺᕩৼ৾ใ۞ВֶܢᓜԖপᇈĄ Ğ˟ğВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧׎΁׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭ۞੅ኢ дВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ௐ˘௡׏ݭᙯܼ௡ݭ̚൴னĂ༊࣎វ෸̙ͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĂ෸൑ڱܑ ྿ଐຏॡĂ׎ଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧̈́኏ࡎ఍நਕ˧ౌ෸рĄ੫၆఺ᇹ۞ࡁտඕڍࡁտ۰ᑢଂ׌͞ࢬֽଣ੅Ξ ਕ۞ࣧЯĄ ࢵАĂࡁտ۰ଂዦ᝝ώ˿͕நጯ۞͛ᚥ༊̚ଯኢࣧЯΞਕߏϤٺ઼̚ˠࢦෛᙯܼ׶ᏘĂ้Шᔳԡ ҋ̎࢑ࢬ۞ଐჰĂЯѩΞਕՀਕૉ้᝘၆͞ٱީĂ̈́ዋॡ۞ੜឰͽᔖҺՀ̂኏ࡎ۞ቡ߇ĄтषϜܦ Ğϔ 91ğ޽΍ࡁտ઼̰኏ࡎЯᑕ۞ᙷݭॡ˼༱̙Ξنர઼̚ะវ͹ཌྷăૻአ׶Ꮨ۞̼͛ࡦഀ၆࣎ˠ኏ ࡎЯᑕҖࠎ۞ᇆᜩĄࠎ˞ˠᅫ׶Ꮨ۞҂ณĂ઼̚ˠᓾՐԡឰĂᑅԺҋ̎۞ᇒ୕׶࢑ࢬ۞ଐჰĞՂୂ ᐷă໅઼ᇽĂϔ 87 ćषϜܦĂϔ 91ğĄ Ղୂᐷă໅઼ᇽĞϔ 87ğ˵ᄮࠎĶԡķߏ઼̚ˠࢦࢋ۞পኳĂߏ̼ྋ኏ࡎ۞ࢦࢋ͞ёĂૻአ˘ ჌ҋԧ࣒ዳĂӣѣк჌ኑᗔ۞͕ந̰உ׶።඀Ăពϯ࣎វΞਕѣҋ̎۞ຐڱ׶ຏצĂ̙ߏγдଐဩ۞ ͅᑕጡĂ΁ࣇᔳԡҋ̎۞ଐຏ˵ధߏࠎ̂វ඾ຐĂ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏΞਕߏ޽̙ົЯࠎҾˠ۞Җࠎ҃ѣ࿅ ፬۞ͅᑕĂٕధ΃ّܑ࣎ͧྵநّ׶̰ᑦĂЯѩΞਕѣӄٺ࣎វ఍நᙯܼ͔ٙ̚੓۞኏ࡎĄЯѩĂ̚ ઼ˠ۞ᔳԡ۞͕நኑᗔ።඀ҬͼᄃВֶܢ۰ᄮࠎፉܑ͕྿ຏצٕचُܑன΍ৌ၁۞ҋ̎Ҿˠົᗓ΁҃ ΝĂ̙҃೷ܑ྿̰͕۞ଐຏٕࣜඕଐຏ۞ଐԛΞਕѣٙमளĄ̙࿅̶ณܑ֭Ϗкΐᄲځᔳᖟଐჰ̈́ᔳ ᖟҋ̎۞நϤĂЯѩ൑ڱ̶Ᏸ׎ᔳᖟଐჰ۞ࣧЯĂѣޞ͟ޢซ˘Վ۞ଣտĄ Ω˘͞ࢬĂࡁտ۰ྏ඾ଂ኏ࡎ఍நਕ˧ณܑ̰உ۞֎ޘ̶ֽژĄ኏ࡎ఍நਕ˧ᗟี̰உ޽۞ߏਕ д኏ࡎ̙̚ଐჰ̼ăۢ྽тңᔖҺ኏ࡎă̙̂൴තঈăҽᐖăநّĂ้᝘၆͞۞ຐڱĂЯѩͧྵߏ੫ ၆኏ࡎ఍நॡ۞ଐჰგநă้᝘၆͞ຐڱ۞ొ̶Ă̙֭Βӣࢬ၆኏ࡎ۞఍நඉர۞ྻϡĂтםአăԩ ۋăੜᔖăԡឰඈඈĞषϜܦĂϔ 91ğĄЯѩࡁտ۰ଯኢΞਕֹ଀෸ᔳᖟăᑅԺҋ̰͕̎۞ଐຏ۰Ă Ξਕд఺͞ࢬͧྵ۞ጽܜĂЯ҃дώࡁտܑ̚னྵָ۞ĶᔖҺķ኏ࡎ۞ਕ˧ĄҌٺͽ఺჌͞ёֽᔖҺ ኏ࡎ۞யϠĂߏӎѣৈ࣎វ۞͕֗ઉ૵Ăᅮࢋ͟ޢՀкᙯڦĄ ᓁ̝Ăڌ̼͛͞ᓾտଠטռˠ۞ଐຏĂ΃ܑјሢᄃ̰ᑦĄҘ̼͛͞ᄮခᐽଐჰܑ྿ĞMarkus & Kitayama, 1991ğĂڌҘ͞၆ٺଐჰ۞ܑ྿ᄃࢦෛѣၟ൒̙Т៍ᕇĄͷĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķ̶ณܑ۞ྏᗟ ΪѣˬᗟĂͷдܑ 5 ăܑ 6 ܑ̈́ 7 ˵ពϯдВֶܢ۞ᙯܼ௡ݭ̚ĂĶ൑ڱܑ྿ଐຏķ۞Я৵࢑ఈณౌ ྵ׎΁ˬ̶࣎ณܑҲĂЯѩޙᛉд૟઼ֽ̚ˠВֶܢ۞ࡁտ˯Ăณܑ̚ѩ˘Шޘ̪ᅮࢋซ˘Վ҂រĂ

ᑕѣӄٺ࣒ࢎՀ௑Ъԧ઼̼͛পّ۞ВֶܢณܑĄ ˬă̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞ᙯܼ ώࡁտඕڍពϯВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มߏѣ࠹ᙯхдĄ׎̚΍ன˞˟࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕၹĂҭॲፂ ࡁտ۰၆Вֶܢன෪۞ؠཌྷĄЯѩĂࡁտ۰ᑢ૟ВֶܢᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มٙᒔ଀۞׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕڍ̶ј׌࣎ ొ̶ֽଣ੅ĈĞ˘ğВֶܢன෪ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĞ˟ğВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ׎΁׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭ۞ ᙯܼĄ Ğ˘ğВֶܢன෪ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼ ଂܑ 6 ௐ˘࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭΞ൴னĂ༊࣎វ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă݋׎ᄮۢᏐ૜ᄃЃยᏐ૜෸ҲĄ ѩඕڍᄃ͛ᚥ̚ೡࢗ۞Вֶܢ۞পᇈΞͽ࠹̢ײᑕĄ SubbyĞາࡺᛌĂϔ 89ağܑϯВֶܢ۰˜ܜഇᇷᜨд˘௡΄ˠ౯ຏᑅ࢝۞छलఢ݋˭Ĉ̙ࢋຏ צć̙ࢋኘኢٕྋՙЧ჌યᗟć̙ࢋܑனҋռć̙ࢋ੠ՐЧ჌ሄ኷Ă˵̙ྍֳצϠ߿ČČඈඈĄ΁ࣇ ᓁߏԯҾˠ۞ᅮՐٸдҋ̎ᅮՐ۞݈ࢬĂࠎ΁ˠ۞યᗟፉᇎĂ൑ڱֳצᅅᗫ۞Ϡ߿ሄ኷Ğܘ඘᎖ᛌĂ ϔ 85ğĄ΁ࣇ৿ͻҋ൴۞̶ֳĂ΁ࣇ۞߿જགྷ૱ߏజщଵĂ֭ܧߏҋ൴۞ĞWhitfild, 1991ğĄЯѩώࡁ տ۞ඕڍ൴னВֶܢপኳ෸੼Ă׎ᄮۢᏐ૜ᄃЃยᏐ૜෸ҲĂᄃВֶܢ۞ᓜԖপᇈ̚൑ڱኘኢٕྋՙ યᗟ̈́൑ڱ੠ՐϠ߿ሄ኷۞ೡࢗ࠹௑ЪĄ Ğ˟ğВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ׎΁׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭ۞੅ኢ ᙯٺĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғķ۞Я৵Ĉଂܑ 5 ܑ̈́ 6 ׏ݭ࠹ᙯၡࢋܑΞ൴னĂ༊ĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғķ ᄃ׎΁পኳ͞Ш̙˘࡭۞ॡ࣏ĂඕڍົྫྷߙֱᏐ૜ຏ̈́ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ѣТ͞Ш۞ᙯܼĄଂܑ 6 Ξ൴ னĂ༊࣎វ෸้̙Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĂ෸้ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒॡĂ׎ۤϹᏐ૜้Ш෸੼ăЃย۞Ꮠ૜้ Ш෸੼ĄೱήྖᄲĂ༊࣎វ෸̙ົϠ߿ࢦ͕ٸд΁ˠ֗˯Ă෸૟΁ˠ۞ᅮՐٸдҋ̎ᅮՐ݈ࢬĂ׎෸ ਕᄃ၆͞ѣВ఼۞ڈ̓Ă֭ͷВֳ๝рĂВТણΐЃย߿જĂវົϒШ೚ॆ۞Ꮠ૜ຏצĄϤܑ 5 Ξ൴ னĂ༊࣎វ෸้̙Ш౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏĂ෸ᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĂ݋ҋԧ؃ᜨਕ˧้Ш෸ҲĂ኏ࡎ఍ந ਕ˧้Ш෸੼ĄЯѩࡁտ۰ଯኢĂዋ༊۞ĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒķĂӈᙯᘃ၆͞ҭ̙ົЯࠎࢋ໰ᜪ΁ˠن ரҋ̎Ă̙ົϡᜁࠗ໰ᜪ۞͞ёֽჯ޺׶΁ˠ۞ᙯܼॡĂ̙ϡགྷ૱ࠎ၆͞ፉᇎĂЯѩ˵ధѣӄٺ࣎វ ᄃ၆ֳ͞ѣధкВТ۞ڈ̓ĂֳצЃยϠ߿۞ሄ኷Ą̙࿅ĂᙯٺѩᕇଯኢĂ̪ѣޞซ˘ՎࡁտĄ เᇊ܆Ğϔ 88ğࡁտ̚൴ன̂ጯշϠ༊΁၆ҋ̎ᄃ΁ˠπඈᙯᘃॡĂ΁ۢᛇזҾˠྫྷ΁࠹఍ޝ ೚ԣăᛇ଀צˠಈຑඈඈĂѩᄃܑ 6 ௐ˟࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭٙពϯ۞༊࣎វ෸̙ͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇĂ෸ᄮТ ໰ᜪ۰֎ҒĂ݋ۤϹᏐ૜ăЃยᏐ૜෸੼۞ඕڍΞ࠹̢၆໰Ąเᇊ܆Ğϔ 88ğࡁտ˵൴னĂࡶᙯᘃ ΁ˠ౼࿅ᙯᘃҋ̎ॡĂ̙ኢ̂ጯշϠٕ̃Ϡ΁ࣇ၆ٺҋ̎۞࠻ڱ̈́дۤົˠᅫมٙᒔ଀۞ҋ಴ౌ෸ ҲĄ൑َͼ༊ܐ Fisher дณܑ۞నࢍ˯ĶᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғķߏଂ΁ˠ൏ᕇ۞Я৵̶΍ֽ۞ĞFisher,

Spann & Crawford, 1991ğĄЯѩࡁտ۰ଯኢ෸้ШᄮТ໰ᜪ۰֎Ғࢋᄃ෸้̙Шͽ΁ˠࠎ൏ᕇॡĂͅ

҃Ξਕ޽ߏ၆ҋ̎ᄃ΁ˠπඈᙯᘃĄЯѩᄮТ໰ᜪ۰Ҭͼ֭ܧߏБ൒࢑ࢬ۞পኳĂ઱ѣ໰ᜪ΁ˠ҃ن ரҋԧ໰ᜪĂٕᖣϤ໰ᜪΝଠט၆͞۞ҖࠎĂٕ۰ٕϡᜁࠗҋ̎۞ᅮՐֽೱפ၆͞۞ᙯܼॡ̖ົ΍ன યᗟĄ˵ϒт MellodyĞາࡺᛌĂϔ 89bğٙ֏Ă߉ᄃ̈́ࠎˠڇચߏઉ૵Ϡ߿ᄃˠᅫᙯܼ̚ࢦࢋ۞ј ̶Ă҃Вֶܢݒ૟Ķ࠻ᜪķٕĶ໰ᜪķតјϠ׻۞ݻၗࠎ΁ˠ۞Ϡ׻࢑య҃نர˞ҋ̎ĄЯѩԧࣇࢋ ጯ௫ડ̶໰ᜪ׶ൄዳ׶Вֶܢ۰εΑਕ۞໰ᜪ͞ёĂጯ௫ዋॡ۞ٸ˭΁ˠĂᕩܔҋ̎Ă໰ᜪҋ̎Ą αă̂ጯϠ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞ᙯܼ ώࡁտඕڍពϯВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏߏѣ࠹ᙯхдĄ׎̚΍ன˞ˬ࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕ ၹĂҭॲፂࡁտ۰၆Вֶܢன෪۞ؠཌྷĂᑢ૟ВֶܢᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧มٙᒔ଀۞׏ݭ࠹ᙯඕڍ̶ј׌

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ܑ 7 ௐ˘࣎׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭពϯĂ༊࣎វ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪ॡĂࡶ׎ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧˵෸ҲॡĂ׎Ꮠ ૜ຏ෸ҲĄѩඕڍΞᄃ Carson ᄃ BakerĞ1994ğ۞ࡁտ࠹̢ײᑕĄ

Carson ᄃ BakerĞ1994ğࡁտඕڍ͚޺Вֶܢ۞ޙၹ̰உΒ߁˘ཏˠᅫᙯܼӧᙱĞa cluster of

difficulties in interpersonal relationshipğăன၁ീྏ۞ӧᙱ̰̈́ᛷ۞ᇎ៭Ăܑ֭ϯВֶܢ۰Яࠎ৿ͻˠ ᅫᙯܼ۞ᘦؠّ้҃Шᛇ଀׶ˠཏழᗓĄЯࠎЪ׀ѣழᗓຏ̙̈́щБ۞ֶܢᙯܼĂࡁտ۰ଯኢВֶܢ ۰Ξਕѣ˘ֱۤϹ۞̙౼ЇĞsocial incompetenceğĂᛊтᄲच௧ă̙ቁؠтң׶ˠޙϲᙯܼͽ̈́ᛇ଀ ۤϹ۞̙ዋ༊Ğsocial inadequacyğĄҡᐌ඾ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞৿ຫĂΞਕֹ࣎វޝᙱᒔ଀Ꮠ૜۞ᙯܼĄ ώࡁտඕڍពϯ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ăͷ৿ͻˠᅫᏐ૜۞ਕ˧Ă݋࣎វ݋ᙱͽᒔ଀Ꮠ૜۞ᙯܼĂٕ дᙯܼ̚൑ڱЇң۞Ꮠ૜Ξ֏Ąҭ TroiseĞ1992ğдВֶܢ۰Ꮠ૜ਕ˧۞ࡁտ̚൴னĂ̪ѣֱВֶܢ ۰Ξ׶Ꮠ૜۞ڈ̓ޙϲᏐ૜۞ᙯܼĂ֭Ϗ͚޺Вֶܢ۰൑ڱᒔ଀Їң۞Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ۞઄నĄ Troise Ğ1992ğଯኢВֶܢ۰̝ٙͽົ๹ග్੧۰ߏЯࠎѣ˘ొЊ۞ˠд̝݈ಶѣᄃ΁ˠޙϲᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ӧ ᙱĂ൒҃˵ѣֱˠߏЯࠎд఺ᇹᑅ˧۞ᒖဩ˭Ăౄј΁ᄃˠޙϲᏐ૜ᙯܼॡ΍னӧᙱĄЯѩВֶܢߏ ӎѣА͇ٕޢ͇۞ݭၗĂ̈́׎ᄃᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ᙯాѣޞ͟ޢՀஎˢ۞ࡁտĄ Ğ˟ğВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ׎΁׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭ۞੅ኢ ܑ 7 ௐ˟௡׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭពϯĂ᎕ໂವՐᙯܼĂͷགྷ૱ԯ΁ˠ۞ᅮՐٸдҋ݈̎ࢬ۞ˠĂ੅р၆ ͞۞ˠĂࡶ৿ͻ኏ࡎ఍ந۞ਕ˧Ă݋෸൑ڱᄃ၆͞໛఼كѩ۞ຐڱĂВТྋՙયᗟĄ΁Ξਕߏ࣎р ˠĂ·႕ᙯຑĂЯѩΞͽྫྷ၆͞Вֳ̓ኖĄ̙࿅˵Ξਕ࿅ޘдຍᙯܼ۞׶ᏘĂ˫ͣ৿኏ࡎ఍ந۞ਕ ˧ĂЯ҃൑ڱᄃ၆͞໛఼੅ኢكѩ۞࠻ڱĄ ܑ 7 ௐˬ௡׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭពϯĂ෸้ШԯϠ߿ࢦ͕ٸд΁ˠ֗˯Ăҭ̙ົ࿅ޘ۞Νଠט၆͞ࠎ၆ ͞࢑యĂଂᙯܼ̚ᒔ଀ҋԧ۞ᆊࣃĂ̙ົܑᜨৌϒ۞ҋ̎Ăҭଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧෸ָ۰Ăੵ˞Яࠎྵࠎజ જ҃৿ͻۤϹᏐ૜γĂ݋׎ਕдᙯֳܼ̚ѣଐຏ۞Ꮠ૜ă֗វ۞Ꮠ૜̈́ჟৠ۞Ꮠ૜Ąࡁտ۰ଯኢĂ఺ Ξਕ΃ܑ̼͛ٙഇޞ۞֎ҒĂ͍׎ߏّ̃ĂᄮࠎҾˠͧྵࢦࢋĂͽ၆͞ࠎࢦĂࢦෛᙯܼ۞ాඕĂ̙ᅅ ٽܑᜨҋ̎۞ଐჰĂٕధЯࠎҋ̎۞໢ߘă͚޺ٕᜁࠗ˫௑Ъ၆͞۞ഇޞĂΞਕགྷϤଐຏ۞̢જᄃ௢ ᎕ٙயϠ۞˘჌࠹ֶ̢х۞Ꮠ૜ຏצĄтӀჴࠞĞϔ 86ğࡁտ૓ބ̚۞Ꮠ૜Ă׎̚۞ຏ፬̝ଐߏЯ ࠎ੨ઊ۞ᜁࠗੜឰᄃ͚޺ֽ҃۞Ą̙࿅ߏӎৌߏтѩ̪ѣޞՀஎˢ۞ࡁտ͞ਕځᒢĄ ტЪ˯ࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มߏѣ࠹ᙯхдĄҭώВֶܢ ᄃᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ࡁտ઼̰إ;ᗒтĂࡁտ۰дѩ٦᎑͔ϜĂഇਕ၆Вֶܢ۞Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ͹ᗟຏᎸ኷۰ࡁտ ۰Ăᚶᜈ·၁۞఺͞ࢬ၁ᙋྤफ़Ą

ඕ ኢ ᄃ ޙ ᛉ

ώࡁտўдଣ੅ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄ͹ࢋ൴னт˭Ĉ 1.дВֶܢপ ኳ͞ࢬĂ̂ጯ̃Ϡ۞ВֶܢপኳѣҾٺ̂ጯշϠ۞ВֶܢপኳĄ͍׎ߏд౅࿅ᙯܼᒔ଀ຍཌྷຏ͞ࢬĄ 2дˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧͞ࢬĂ̂ጯ̃Ϡ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ѣҾٺ̂ጯշϠ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧Ą͍׎ߏдଐჰ͚ ޺ਕ˧͞ࢬĄ 3.дᏐ૜ຏ͞ࢬĂ̂ጯ̃Ϡ۞Ꮠ૜ຏѣҾٺ̂ጯշϠ۞Ꮠ૜ຏĄ 4.̂ጯϠ۞Вֶܢপኳ ᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̝มѣ׏ݭ࠹ᙯхдĄдВֶܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧۞ௐα௡׏ݭ࠹ᙯ௡ݭពϯĂ༊ ̂ጯϠ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă׎͹જਕ˧෸੼Ă࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧ᄃଐჰ͚޺ਕ˧෸ҲĄ 5.̂ጯϠ۞Вֶܢ পኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มѣ׏ݭ࠹ᙯхдĄдВֶܢপኳᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞ௐ˘࣎׏ݭᙯܼ௡ݭពϯĂ༊̂ጯϠ෸

௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă݋෸ᙱͽᒔ଀ᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜̈́Ѓย۞Ꮠ૜Ą 6.̂ጯϠВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ ૜ຏ̝มѣ׏ݭ࠹ᙯхдĄдВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ۞ௐ˘࣎׏ݭᙯܼ௡ݭពϯĂ༊̂ ጯϠ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪ĂͷˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧෸ҲॡĂ݋ЧีᏐ૜ຏౌ෸ҲĄ ౵ޢĂॲፂώࡁտ۞ඕڍ੅ኢᄃ࠹ᙯ۞͛ᚥĂਬ၆ᅃጱᑕϡ͞ࢬᄃϏֽ۞ࡁտ೩΍ೀᕇޙᛉĄ ˘ă၆ᅃጱᑕϡ˯۞ޙᛉΒ߁ Ğ˘ğࢦෛВֶܢপኳ၆Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ۞኏ᑝĄ ώࡁտ۞ඕڍ൴னĂώࡁտ൴ன༊̂ጯϠ෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă݋׎෸৿ͻ࢑Шՙᕝਕ˧ăଐჰ͚ ޺ਕ˧Ă෸൑ڱᒔ଀ᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ăЃยᏐ૜۞Ꮠ૜Ą˵ಶᄲ༊࣎វд̙ᕝ۞ԯϠ߿ࢦ͕ٸд΁ˠ֗ ˯Ăࠎ၆͞;΍Ă࿅ޘֶܢдᙯܼ̚Ă˵൑ڱܫЇ΁ˠ̶ֳҋ̎۞ຏצॡĂ݋෸൑ڱдᏐ૜ᙯܼ̚ග ̟၆͞ଐჰ͚޺Ăᄃ၆͞໛఼ҋ̎ৌ၁۞ຏצ̈́ᄃ၆͞ВֳϠ߿۞ሄ኷ĄΞ֍Ă෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă Ҭͼ၆Ꮠ૜ᙯܼགྷᒉົౄј˘ֱ࢑ࢬᇆᜩĄЯѩдᏐ૜ᙯܼ̚Ăԧࣇࢋጯົܑ྿ҋ̎۞ᓏࢰĂጯ௫ᄃ ˠ̶ֳĂ̙ࢋ࿅ٺגຍჯ᜕ᙯܼ̙҃೷ܑ྿ҋ̎۞ຏצ׶ᅮՐĂޙϲҋԧ۞ᆊࣃຏĂጯົͽ࠹̢ᙯ͕ ͽ̈́ҋԧ໰ᜪࠎૄᖂֽޙϲˠᅫᙯܼĂ̖ਕᄃ၆͞ѣड़໛఼Ă྿זৌϒଐຏ̈́ޥຐ۞Ϲ߹Ăͽᆧซᙯ ܼ̚۞Ꮠ૜ޘĄ Ğ˟ğᅃͽВֶܢ۞៍ᕇଣ੅༊ְˠᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ᙱᗟĄ ώࡁտ൴ன෸௑ЪВֶܢன෪Ă༊ְˠ෸൑ڱֳצᄮۢ۞Ꮠ૜ᄃЃย۞Ꮠ૜ĂΞ֍д઼̼͛̚۞ ਔඛ˭ĂВֶܢໄهѣ׎ዋϡّĄЯѩдଣ੅༊ְˠᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ᙱᗟĂΞᅃͽВֶܢ۞៍ᕇ̷ˢĂෞ Ҥ࣎९ߏӎߏЯࠎВֶܢপኳ࿅੼҃ౄјᏐ૜۞ܡᘣĄּтᄲᏐ૜ᙯܼ̚ӧᙱࡶߏЯࠎВֶܢপኳ࿅ ੼͔ٙ੓Ăԧࣇ݋Ξણ҂઼γ۞˩˟ՎូүࠎᏙથඉரâՎ˘Վᑒӄ࣎९ᗃ୻ࣧϠछल۞۬ᜇĂᄮ ᙊࣧϠछल၆࣎ˠᏐ૜ᙯܼ۞ᇆᜩĂχ৔Вֶܢ۞ˠᅫᙯܼሀёĂᑒӄ࣎९ጯ௫дᙯܼ̚Հᙯᘃҋ ̎ă࠻ࢦҋ̎ćͽՀઉ૵ăՀฟٸĂՀਕ႕֖ᅮՐ۞͞ёᄃˠ̢જĄࡶ࣎វ۞ВֶܢপኳΪߏᅅ຋۞ ඀ޘĂ݋Ξޙᛉ࣎९ણΐିֈّٕјܜّ۞ဥវĂጯ௫ˠᅫ̢જԫμ̈́ቚ௫ҋԧۺؠĂٕ౅࿅ዦ᝝࠷ ޥĂခᐽ࣎९кᙯ໰ҋ̎Ăጯ௫д፾ϲҋ͹׶࠹ֶ̢Ꮵ̚פ଀πᏊĄ Ğˬğ၆ٺ׌ّπඈିֈ۞ୁϯĄ ώࡁտඕڍ͚޺շ̃Ϡ۞ВֶܢপኳăˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧̈́Ꮠ૜ຏхд඾ّҾमளĄ̙࿅ጯ۰ᄮࠎᏐ ૜ᙯܼ̚۞ّҾमளΞਕྫྷ็௚ّҾ֎ҒѣᙯĞBalswick & Peek, 1971 Ă͔ҋ Fischer, 1981ğĄтڍᄲ շّྵҲ۞ˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ߏצז̼͛ഇޞّٕҾ֎Ғٙ૲ֽ۞ᇆᜩĂᑕྍΐૻ׌ّπඈିֈ۞ކጱĂ ৔ੵّҾגڕО෪ĂခᐽշّҋԧฟٸĂ̶ֳຏצĂ̻ഇޞĶշ׊ѣஊ̙ᅅᇅķĂӎ݋צࢨٺّҾג ڕО෪۞ᇆᜩĂ૟ܡᘣշّᄃˠޙϲՀᏐ૜۞ᙯܼĄ ˟ăᙯٺϏֽࡁտ۞̍׍ăࡁտ̰ट̈́ࡁտ͹ᗟ͞ࢬ۞ޙᛉ Ğ˘ğдࡁտ̍׍͞ࢬ ޙᛉซ˘ՎበᄦՀ௑Ъώ˿̼Вֶܢෞณ̍׍Ą Ğ˟ğдࡁտ̰ट͞ࢬ շ̃Ϡ۞Вֶܢপኳ۞ኳ׶ณΞਕౌхд඾ّҾमளĄЯѩޙᛉ૟ֽΞᚶᜈଣ੅̙ТّҾ۞Вֶ ܢপኳᄃˠᅫᏐ૜ਕ˧ᄃᏐ૜ຏ̝มᙯܼ௡ݭߏӎхд۞मளĂͽܮਕՀஎˢ˞ྋВֶܢপᇈ၆ٺ̙ ТّҾ۞Ꮠ૜ᙯܼߏӎ׍ѣ̙Т۞ᇆᜩĄ Ğˬğࡁտ͹ᗟ͞ࢬ ޙᛉΞซ˘ՎࡁտВֶܢᄃّҾপኳăຑଐ˯ᝒাĞaddiction to loveğᄃछलܜഇયᗟĂт్ ੧ăछᇷ۞ᙯܼĄ

ણ ҂ ͛ ᚥ

ͳᇉ჊Ğϔ 84ğĈ̂ጯϠຑଐᙯܼशྮሀё̶̝ژࡁտĄ઼ϲၓ̼रቑ̂ጯᅃጱࡁտٙ౾̀ኢ͛Ă Ϗ΍ۍĄ

ͳщऌᛌĞϔ 80ğĈᏐ૜ᙯܼĈҰΞͽྫྷҾˠՀᏐܕĄέΔĈᅈ߹Ą Lerner H. (1989). The dance of

intimacy: A woman’s guide to courageous acts of change in key relationships.

ӀჴࠞĞϔ 86ğĈ૓ބ̚Ꮠ૜ᙯܼ۞ԛјᄃ൴णĄ̚ර͕ந኎ϠጯΏĂ 10Ğ4ğĂࢱ 101-128 Ą ӀჴࠞĞϔ 89ğĈ૓ބᏐ૜ଐຏ۞̰உᄃീณĄ̚ර͕ந኎ϠጯΏĂ 12Ğ4ğĂࢱ 29-51 Ą Ղୂᐷă໅઼ᇽĞϔ 87ğĈ઼̚ˠ۞ԡĈໄه̶ژᄃ၁ᙋࡁտĄώ˿͕நጯࡁտĂௐ 10 ഇĂࢱ 3-68Ą Ղ࡚ڑĞϔ 84ğĈۤົតዏ઼ّ̃̚̚֎Ғّ̈́ॾ۞ԼតĄ૎̃д઼छ൴ण࿅඀̚۞֎Ғࡁ੅ኢ͛ ะĄέΔĈ઼ϲέ៉̂ጯĄ ӓᚊऍĞϔ 86ağĈ࣎វ̼ăҋԧ̶̼۞Ω˘ბǕኘВֶܢ۞ຍཌྷᄃ̰உĄᏙથᄃᅃጱĂௐ 144 ഇĂ ࢱ 33-37 Ą ӓᚊऍĞϔ 86bğĈВֶܢ۞পኳᄃڼᒚĄീរᄃᅃጱĂௐ 145 ഇĂࢱ 3011-3014 Ą ӓᚊऍĞϔ 87ğĈ઱ѣٸ˭΁ˠĂ̖ਕᛖٸҋ̎ǕኘВֶܢ۞ڼᒚሀёĄᏙથᄃᅃጱĂௐ 145 ഇĂࢱ 18-23Ą ӓᚊऍĞϔ 88ğĈĶВֶܢķͭϓ۞ᏐᖚିֈĈٸ˭΁ˠĂᛖٸҋ̎ĄᏙથᄃᅃጱĂௐ 144 ഇĂࢱ 33-37Ą ӓࡌ͡Ğϔ 88ğĈ̄̃ۢᛇͭϓ૓ބᇷ˧གྷរăۤົ͚޺̈́Вֶܢ̝࠹ᙯࡁտĄ઼ϲέ៉रቑ̂ጯ ିֈ͕நᄃᅃጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛ĂϏ΍ۍĄ

ܘ඘᎖ᛌĞϔ 85ğĈঽၗֶ̢া࣏ཏĄέΔĈϠ׻ሕਕ΍ۍۤĄ Mellody P., Miller A. W., & Miller J.

K. (1989). Facing codependence. ܘ͛૽ăڒ࡚ࠡĞϔ 88ğĈ̂ጯϠ൴णјሢ۞ˠᅫᙯܼ̚Ꮠ૜ّਕ˧۞൴णĈҋԧ೬ᜨᄃҋ͹ّѐ ৺ᄃّҾमள̝ଣ੅Ąିֈ͕நጯಡĂ 31 סĂ 1 ഇĂ 37-62 Ą ই˷ᛌĞϔ 82ğĈຑଐ˯ᝒাĈҹڇຑ۞ᘡਜ਼ᄃֶᏥĄέΔĈૺҁरĄ षࡌδĞϔ 90ğĈࣧϠछलགྷរă͕ந̶ᗓ࣎វ̼ᄃ૓ބ႕ຍޘ̝࠹ᙯࡁտĄ઼ϲέ៉रቑ̂ጯି ֈ͕நᄃᅃጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛ĂϏ΍ۍĄ षϜܦĞϔ 91ğĈࢎ૓ଐܴ኏ࡎЯᑕăአዋ።඀̝ࡁտĄ઼ϲ੼ฯरቑ̂ጯᅃጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ă Ϗ΍ۍĄ เ˷ऍĞϔ 83ğĈّҾăֶܢࢲॾᄃҋԧ؃ᜨăޖᐵăᇩᆲ̝ᙯܼĄ઼ϲ߆ڼ̂ጯିֈࡁտٙჇ̀ ኢ͛ĂϏ΍ۍĄ เᇊ܆Ğϔ 88ğĈ̄̃ۢᛇͭϓ˞ྋăᙯّܼҋԧ̈́ҋ಴̝࠹ᙯࡁտĄ઼ϲၓ̼रቑ̂ጯᅃጱጯր Ⴧ̀ኢ͛ĂϏ΍ۍĄ അ͛ԠĞϔ 85ğĈјѐѝഇ૓ބᏐ૜ณܑ۞በᄦ̈́ᇆᜩ૓ބᏐ૜̝Я৵ଣ੅Ą઼ϲ੼ฯरቑ̂ጯᅃ ጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛ĂϏ΍ۍĄ າࡺበᛌ̈௡ᛌĞϔ 87ğĈّ̃јܜ 12 ซลĄέΔĈາࡺ̼͛Ą Beattie M. (1990). Codependent’s

guide to the twelve steps.

າࡺበᛌ̈௡ᛌĞϔ 89ağĈ֕΍ВТֶх۞ਜ਼ޥĄέΔĈາࡺ̼͛Ą Beattie M. (1987). Codependent

no more.

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ќ ቇ ͟ ഇĈ 2003 ѐ 03 ͡ 05 ͟ ˘ቇ࣒ࢎ͟ഇĈ 2004 ѐ 09 ͡ 08 ͟ ତצΏ൳͟ഇĈ 2004 ѐ 09 ͡ 09 ͟

Study on Relationships Among Codependency,

Intimacy Competency and Intimacy

S

HU

-C

HING

C

HEN

L

I

-C

HUAN

W

U

S

IEH

-H

WA

L

IN

Huajiang Junior high school

Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling

Taipei

National Taiwan Normal University

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among codependency, intimacy competency, and intimacy. The sample consisted of 425 college students who from14 universities in Taiwan had experience being in romantic relationships (140 males, 244 females). Instruments used in this study included the Codependency Assessment Scale, the Intimacy Competency Scale and the Intimacy Scale. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by MANOVA, as well as by ANOVA via adjustment of α and Canonical Correlation Analysis. The main findings were as follows: 1. There were significant gender differences on codependency, intimacy competency and intimacy. 2. The canonical correlation between college students’ codependency and intimacy competency showed that when students were more codependent, they had higher competency in initiation and lower competency in both emotional support and negative assertion. 3. The canonical correlation between college students’ codependency and intimacy showed that when students were more codependent, they had lower intellectual intimacy and recreational intimacy. 4. The canonical correlation between college students’ codependency, intimacy competency and intimacy showed that when students were more codependent and had lower intimacy competency in initiation, negative assertion, disclosure, emotional support and conflict management, they also had lower emotional, intellectual, social, recreational, bodily, as well as spiritual types of intimacy. Finally, implications of the study regarding guidance for establishing intimate relationships were discussed, and future research possibilities were proposed.

KEY WORDS;college students, codependency, intimacy competency, intimacy Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 2004, 36(2), 145-164