超越「保護」與「限制」的女性主義爭辯：以「勞動基準法」女性夜間工作及延長工時規定為例

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(12) 66. ak~fiJ~.. /. ~.::.+-JIJj. /. ~il. 96.f 1 JJ. ) 'mffmfi.~., ••• a~~.~,~~~ ~.g*~.~~~ho~~'~m~~fu~~' r~~$JB~* %~.~~tt~MI~,mr~~$J§M~~~.~OO~~tt~M. IfF ' ~Nn~ti~ra'If'Fz1'iJ~ , ~9t1La~~~ftt%~3C~ltI~~ .'.&~*A.3C~~.zffi~~.~~fik'~~~.~**~.. ;1tJfff' ¥i1J~tthttfi$~ra'I~' ttfi1L$nJ;\' a$J1I!k;\E~ro'~. 0. , r JI~k~t!:Jjli~Jj~f1~m~ , ~~affi ••• '-n~.m~a.Uk~*~ ••~ •• ~I~. **ilffij~. ~'~-n~~. •• ~~~·. ·m~llir~~J.~htt~. _~r~~J~1'iJ~M*·fl.ftI~.~~.~·~~.~M~. •. •. ~~~~~fflo~ffij~~M.~~~m~.~m®~~ttm~o~. ~J!eJt~.~f*~. · ~~.~~~ · ::tnil. ~o{B~~~~'~m~~.r. J. r. J'. ~rJ~*~pff~. '.fl~ttI~.~~. mil · ~~.~~~1! · ~~-:@.ffl*ft11If'FffI~I.~it3i ' ~u •• ~~.'fu~f1~MI~m~I ' .~7tiffT~H[U~~~~~mWt;JA '. m~~ffij~o~~~&~ft+~. ~'I1Jjli~JUJ!fB~7tiffT~1M~i1!i. .~~I~~tt1L$~.~'~fl.~.~~I~~tt1L$~~~'. ~.fthtt •• m·~~~~.~&.~~~~·&~~~I~MI~ ~~*flj~t¥}if~. , 3ifT7ttFf. ' M~i1!i~D~ :. r~~z~J~Rk4.~._~~'~.kr~~z. ~J. '. r~~z~*J&~.~~~~ ••• ,~ft~.*. ~~~~0~.~~.~M*~4~z~.~.~~~~,. k~*~~~E~.~~~'~4.*~~i~~z~~M ~t~it{:a}UA~f'J~!.t*··"··'f"J:.'. r4ffl,z1fJ .4-4. .~*~~~~'~l{:~~rz~.J~~*'&~~~. .. tt~~-t?r, il~&~Z~l-t1.W;&~#t-~~ f,,',Q 0······.

(13) .~r. •• J~r~~J~*~~A ••. ~. ~~~~~~~~.~r.~~~L~.~J~4~'~. ~.~*L~~L~~. •• ~~~*'.L•• ~~9 ••. ~~~A~~~,~~~~~~~r~~L~J. ,~~~~. ~~~~L~~.m~~~'~4~&4~Ah.m~9L. ~~~«A~~~~*.~o~.~~*~.~~AAW~. if- :fIJ ~ r!;t TO'" ... ~ rEi' L. ~•. 4- ~ Jtt ~ , 1t *'ti Jii"t ' it:it. :t.~~~*, 1E.~~i.~1fA~~m······ r1lF'ti~~tJ iL *~~~it~~~.#'IA.~r1lF~J~~~~r~~ ~J. ,*~t~~.~~~,*_~~,~*~~~~.~. rl!AJ. f-;ffl.,. ~Jiil!--tVtt~. 0 (tIJ~:t' 2001). ~~.~~~~~~~m~,~*~~.~.tt~$.fi~~tt. •• ~ •• 'ffitiM~.tt~$.~~~~'~n~~~mffi.~~ ~tt.~ °ffi~.~.~.&&fi.r~~J.*~fi •• ~" .'~®ili&M~~mlli'~ •• ~~.$~~.~lli~tt~.~§ ~,~&~~~".~tt~.~'~OO~.~~~~~lli*~.~~ {t~?. .~~~1iff~tt5JU~~~. , ti'I15JU~~-mr~*iEM'i%J.t~~j@lHli.!. ~~g~·tiM~ttI~~m~".'~~~.~~.M~#mfiM @o~~~~~~®1iff~~.,~~~z~~~~a~~$~~~~. r *~$ J ~I~~$~ , lli1Ji*ijgi;T]r:p~JL\Jiml¥Jfi .~".'~®.~Afi.*tt~m •• ~ ••• I¥J~$,~~ti.. f~FJ I. ' tJJ&M. ~~$".~~r:p,m.~~!~T~B~~$~0.l¥Je.,*.. ~~~I¥J".~~'~~".~~*7m~~~.~~&±~~~~ ~.~r:pI¥J~~~ttr. J. '~W~m~?.

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(15) M4r.4J.rm~J~*~~A ••. ~. *.tA*~'#~ •• ~*~*IAI~~~.~o A*~~$t.~~.~**A*.~~~*~~~~~o ~k**~~~~~R~A.~'~aa~A~*~ttA ** ' ~'fM-t!.k~£~li"~~ .t~i , ;t~'t'l'~-fl+ ~at. 11;., 1. ~-s;tt~~1.f~-r.k4li"~~f§:t"····PJfJtA*.~~~J.I1!.. ~tb -k*-4-.:Ld/ eIJutJti?-:i-.:Lft, ~t41jk~ ~+1$:~~.jF. R~ APm~1..Bt t ~i! .. "". t. ~1.~1.~ , ~ tp IJ'~~~lfit ~~ .i.*JAln:. (~ft~A-ft*m G:ho~*). 'i'~~~~~EFfftt{.\fl<J~~ffi! £J~fl<Jt('!i. ' tlO='=*~*~r8'I f'F '. ~m~fl<JOOG~~~M.~M~M'£~~Mm.m~fl<J~~'~~. •• *~.n$.~.~~.~~~~~.~~If'F'~~.~.~ ~tt*AoB~~M~$~~~Rlli~£J~W~~~Mfl<J~m~~,. mttE. r £J;:i~~J fl<J1'f3Jtiffl~ · ~9~111~~~¥UTRJr:i rIf'F1'f3{gJ .r~51'f3{gJ~~~E~'iffl.*.$~.~.*~~m~'~D. .... ~~~Rtt~I~~fl<J~m'~~~~~fl<Jo ffi.~~,~~.~. ti~~~*fl<J§~~.~g.~:. r.'f~'*~*I.~£~m.i..'~AJ.I1!..I~at, 1-t*k~~.g..~+RJJI~;kRJ)J.. , ;tlPf JtA~ m.i.i!;ff~. '. Iii]. at*~*I~~~~n:tb,~.~~at~.~~~~R~I -ft .. ···· J. .~~~~~~~m.~.~~$,OO~U~I•• ~~h.*m. .~~~~~Dh~mfl<J~*~?~K$-~~.~m.fl<J~~~ .T'i'fl<J~lli'~Rtt~.~~If'Ffl<J.='=M.~•• ~•• ! ~~~~Rtt~~If'F~$~mfl<JH.$'~.~.lli-M~. ".

(16) il.Ltf'ftJl::fl /. 70. ~.;:..+-JI}J /. JU196.f 1 JJ. ~~OO'~~'.~*$~ili8B§~~~'~*~~.~~~•• ~~IDtIF' ~f!P1.&J[f5i?:~J~mJE' :ffWJ~:t;(ttIf'F~.~lIffj., ~1It '. ~~-~®~,~~~~~.~~~:t;(I~~~~m~'~~~~~ {~3f~r-til,PJfID!J~. r ~J:t~~ J. ? ~iID~~tf!f.J1'1>~~MiH)~~. ~Lt¥UWd:.WH~:t;(t1~J~3aP3f3~OO$.i&. '. :. m~~:t;(I~~~~. .'~M~ffj.:t;(t1&®.OO.1'~~~ •• ~o.a~'~~J:t~~ ffig~m.'W:ff~M~~r~*1'~~J. *. 0. ~Il:t. •••~~:t;(tt1'~~~. ' ~~~tf!~@A 712El~ !. (-) Jt .ll:.~lt1.'£>Jlj 1Nt ' ;f it f~ ~~ ? f!ilH!!Htra~I{'Fi*~1.&J[~ 5I~~~tm i'!1&*~~imJf. ' A~iliJJl ~~~.~~~im~~~~~ttI~r~.J~.~o~~A+ft~. &ft+-~~~.~~m.*~'~~:ff~~ ••~$~~~.n~. i§f;1.Hi ' .~~~.±~M!*i~7G:. r...... ~ 'ti .:r:.11 f- ~ ikt ~Ai. '. -ko *- i( IJ. -1M *'ti~ 11/11'. .:r:.~'~~~*~*'*~M~ •• ~.:r:.~.~~~. lit. '. M;It:;r;: f. ~ ~ ...... ~ 1rl ~ jQ. ~ 'Hi ~ *'tiJp J)I. ~*. at rEi' ::t:. Jt~~17ft"i!~~lti.:r:.~f-~ *~~!~ ...... J. ~~~{tA3f~7G. '. ;g1'f~~. , WJ r ~~~ J. .~~I~ ~tt3a~. ~~m.·~~~~ttI~~.~§~o. ~. •• *Mm.~:. r~~~~~k~.~&~~;r;:~M1rlt. -t? ...... J. *~.±.M!.~: r;lt:~'~A~4;r;:;It:~.,~;lt:IJ.~J. lItq~~m*Mmili~m~m~.~: rf-~~.A~k~~1 'ti-Jt~~?. J. iB*~.±~M!*i~&Koo@~r ,. J~JE~'®~~7G:.

(17) ~;;t!!, r~11J ~. r~.~m~~a~. rm..JJ. B9*,t±.i:..l~;Jt. 71. •• ~~~.,~~~~«~~~. ~.*M~.k'~*~~.*Ma~~.MJ. 0. m.~~~~@~*.~~~~m~~fi'~.~~B.~~~. · 1EHli1i~rQ'Jtl r ZfS~ J ~~~ ••w~~r-f{J~~~ffif'W~.~~ttm~~ff••~fHW~o m.ft~ffim~~fi~·~*~tt.~~~ •• ~mw~~.~·~ . fjmJEW&MT~tt~Jffii ••• ' mfj&~~i7lW~mpJTW:~lEttJjtl ;/JOfHffifra'l'-f{~3i&:zp:~m~mJE. ~ft~§.'1'~~~fiM~?~~~ttOOti~~Iq~~~I~~. •• ~.~,~~ttw~~~ •• 'mft~l'*m~ffi *~~l'-f{~*6*n,~ ? .*,~&~. ~g*~~·ti~~~*nOO~M.M~~~fHq.-f{~,~ .~~~m~I~zp:~~mm·ft~#.B.~:. r*~.~~I&-~* ~i". ftll. t. t. ~.~.1Hi-*I-tl. ~ ·ti~. 0. •• ~'~~.~A.~4~ ....... *... ~lti.:r.1f4'-.f*:Z"". **itJ.l!*1'="+ '::"J' *;t 1t. t. .tJft-t-M-*,ti69. ~J}I*tt:1t~'9G? J ft~#~B~rA~~~J*~~~tt~.~~~~~,~~~. 7r!t , ~.1~?if~~A~tt~~~fi · ~fffi$.~~~f.JH!t/11JjIJ~f~~ .s~·~.*m~~~.w•• ~~tt~'~~ •• ~.7~~. ~.M~~.m.~r_f{~J~r •• J °W~~-f{~~.m, .7"~tt~m.~~W~tt~.~·fum~"~tt~mJE~.~w ~tt-fllljij ! .1ilJJt(~~1i? m11Ift~.&~~tt±'~~Wil. m~~&~ffi~m.·W~~tt±.~~.~. ••. · mm. rzp:.J.~.~'. Mft.fitiZP:~.fiB.~.~-m.~~.ft~.:.W~~~tt. • • (male standards) • • • ' ~~ZP:~?.

(18) •. _._.. _ _ _ •• _ " _ _ " "_~. ·.----.-. ._._-_. ... _ _ _ _ _ ' . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _•• _ . _ __~.. _______~ ,,~. _ _ _,,_____e ' _ ~. _ _ •• _ _ _ _. ••••• _. • • • _ ••.

(19) .~r. ~~~ (Kay, 1985). 0. ~llt. '. •• J~r~~J~*~~A.M. 73. i§:7Jit:t~1t:g~fm~-EI~~~*894Jt1i&. ~. , itfig@JH!Mff3l:89~*Y (~D Mason, 1992, ::t~~~fi!i~t1c9:~ ~ • • • • • ~89~I) o.~'m.~~~~~3l:t189~~~*' &~m~~3l:~*.~89~.'~~'::t~R~a~~89• • ~~~' ¥}rlftEUflA3l: tt 89 fI@: , fIP OJ ~ret~ 893l:tl: ~ Irnm ' :Mz £i ii1 Pi-a. m. E~~~~::t~4J89~~IA'it~~~~::t~*~~~~,m~89 :@~~fffi*mz~r ~'ft::t~:if J( assimilationist) (~D Taub & Williams,. 1985). 0. ~O~~I.~~~~89~~~m.89~N,ti~tt@.t1/~ ~11:JL~mte.~ ~M~-:tL~7\~~~ Y 0. r zp.~ti1~1!:l~ J (Equal. Treatment Directive) '~1&~M~~fIPj;)Jl:t;~*~~f!f89JJ.jU1U' fffi~. ~~ Jl:3l:t1~ra'I f1:89~4J-~~&:~111i4J-. • i8 ~~t5jt~fffi faH~ ;f~AJ89. n~~'~~~JL~**hm~~~~~~89m~'~mrr~~a~ ~m~Bh~DJLA'. ·.S·&.*89~~$.'~~~~~~. $~~rr~M.~'~~ • • nffiMm4J-~~~~a~~Jl:3l:t1~M. If1:m@m~.~amMn~~*~~'~.H~.Jl:~t1~MIf1: WM.$~~~h. '. m~ra'1r:xs:JZt¥a~®rJ~H~. a. Fenwick & Hervey. (1995: 443-446) ~:g~ • ~~~~~I&89JL~tb~~ftj~$~I&~891.li ~. , mtl89l.lill'tiW r ~Azp.~ J :::tligf~~ , tzSI~~D*$~~I& r • • zp:~ J 89~ll'ti ' ~1J~16\~~r.I3l:t189ffd:.W~~89 • •~m · ~DJl:t *.~~r • • zp:~J89~.,aoo~~~~I&r~Azp:~J89~. ~~~ , ~.~~~flJ~~jfufll a ~fffi ' m.89::t~ , ~;fd:.fm~~?£U89n,~ ? Arlie Hochschild (1997) :tE The Time Bind m*if4JmteY~fu89~r.1 ' ~it~~tl:~~~j;J~ tt89.A~A~~'~~t1.AW~-.~E89.A'~~~89If1:.

(20) Jtkf'tIJ"'. /. 74. ~rE'. ~.=...+-J!Jl. / ~~ 96 ~ 1 Jl. , **-iIl~~t¥J'H~fiiIJS. Q. Schiek (1996) ~;g~ftt11£it~rfn~. t¥J.~'~~~m.*.t1•• ~.~t1~e~It¥J.~·~~~~. . ' •• ~m.~.t¥J~~~,aooI~t¥J*.t1•••• mffi~. ~~~~~t¥J~I,~#.~ftt1*~.'~.ilim~~~t¥JM •• ••• ~.~0~%Am.t¥J •• ,~~.~~.*~m*~.t¥J~ .,~&~, • •~.t¥Jftt1, •• oo.t¥J~.~~~.~.~M~ ~t1~I1£it.m •• ~,m.~-.0~t¥J •• ~?ti~.~t¥J. ~ , i:!2~~ Nancy Dowd (1986) , ~tBti~6fimft;:i~{tA~il:ifJ{~~ iI&~i:!2.ilifJ5~ · £~tiM~r~~~J~W~~ro~ili*t¥J~ffi~t¥Jr~~~J'. •• ~tt~~1£~.~&ft.t1t¥J~ '~~iI&~~n~ aftt1t¥Jw*· r••fiiIJ~*J£*~~.~rm~~J~.$~ 'mm~.r~~~Jt¥J~~·~~~ ••t¥Jmr ••• ~J~ ~.'m.~~.ft •• ~DmZ.~.~t¥J~.tt •• 'ffiOO.~ rOO ••~J ·~~m.t¥J~M«~.'~.- ••~~~.m •• r~~~J. iI&~tiM~H~Dmffi~~t¥Jft.~., rm~ti~Jm.~~~~ ~~il:i. Q. ¥'f« ' .~ r ~~~ifii J ~,*t¥J~lf~iI&m · ¥-gm~ r $:lLI$r:t. J t¥Joo.·~r.MJ&r.hJ~m~t¥Jr~.Jm.ilim'~~m. - •• ~~A~;gfl?lJt¥JmU{1J ' ~~~D Michael Walzer (1983: 140-143) ~·mB~.m.t¥Jn~·.~•• iI&~t1,~oo~r~.J~~~ S. Hochschild.i.~.t£.l It .tt-'flat JlJt AlP' i1 (r.J1~)I!~ itJ1LfE. £AU~tire) It.]M~.~. (culture) It.]. ru, ~ • r1i1.1~. •. - ••• JlJt.lt.]r£AJ~Akft.*~~~ ••. •. 1t.]±a.a.~·4at.a~k._~rL~f~It.]£A*A.~J~?kr* .f~It.]£A* •• ~J ?*.t£~ •• 4k~~~*.*~.±a.a,«.~ ~~~~~.It.]±a.a.~;.*MA*.*.M~*·~~.t£±a.a~*~ ~-iJI~. ~M*ttr 0 4:f:ijJHHU.t.~ff.Jf.·£Uk:~! (~.t Young, 1998: 8) Q.

(21) J!,t! ri*.1fJ ~ rnt,*,u 69*'I±.i.A-f!Jt. 7S. .ff~*~,~.m~ffi~.~.&,~.m¥~.*amn~ft~, &::\.~ret~3Z:~r»l1*~R~iI: (Offe, 1976: 95-125 ; Collins, 1979 '. 1R Iris Young (1990) ~~m.~~ft~G~~ •• o.~~,~r. ::.JI[). 0. rJiJ*Jf j. Claus Offe (1976). jm~ff~.~~. ~~~n~*~,m~~n~*I~~wtt'lR~~~ftm~~W~. Wd:ft ' 1±tlJ'&iiWl.~ t3.~. , tt)JU~pff~1l: F~~m~ ,tlf~l r t3~j ~JiJ*.mt~lj ,. (f§~~rd~fjtt. m~~~A.ft~~Jl-ftfftt~). 0. fjP~"2i~ ret~ffttft3Z:ftmiBt¥J~1J ~~,. '. 0. r~ft.jm~.~~)JmM&~~&~~.,~rM.. •• ~•• ~'~.ff~*-m6~ •• o ~~~~at¥J"~~.7mm~.t¥J •• '~.~ •• ~~'.WrM .rJ~~a j *~ft~-fjli)JUff. ' ~Llt '~~fJ*:lt11RfJ~~~lllt ' ff~~ajm@~O~rtt¥J. &ft~~'8~&7ZfS~JfMmt~U (~D Reynolds, 1986 ' ~t:g[8JM.ff ~~at¥J~.~~ep~Jlt). , W~A~-fj~iPjl , ~~&~ff!fl. (reverse. discrimination) ,m-&!f~:ltpff~.~=F~~:ltmtfJ] § ;fI~relj , iI:~[!j. :t.t (Fullinwider, 1980). 0. ' Iris Young (1990) , fJ~ftJfM1'F.=FJ1j , a~~·.7. 1IDJfm1ift~~lIt¥J[!j:t.t. t¥J~.~fi5[~IDfM'iZfS~Jfr-Jmt~lj. JfVt 1t!i~~.:ttatL:1§~iiB~.w~U~EP ~ , ~~m ~iiu~~~n~EP ~ , JfM~DSm~~~n~m~~e.'~.~~~n~~.,~~~ ~~ffit3~.~. ••~~iiWl'W~••• ~~-~.~lR~~m~m. 1t&ffi*t¥J~.o '~~g .ff~~a. '~~~.m~~·*gfiM. ' ]!!~J5QIJl~.t7[,. Pff1IDJf~~.F~~.t:p. ,. 0. JE~D Sumner (1987) t~ffi 0. ~~!It. · Young. · :PI9:DS ~. ' ft A. ~~.~~mrM.ff~~ajft~.~~ftJfr-Jt¥Jo~.~~~ft. JfM,~mn~~~~~*.~~~~m~JfM~DSm~~t¥Jnft t1F~. , ~m@~. , ~D. Young j!-&~.t¥J. · ~)JUJfM'~{:lb!.

(22) ..... ak*iIJ~~. 16. ~fc~'T. '. I. ~.:::.+-JfJJ. I. }\Iim 96.if- I. ll~~ttJ::&\~Ji~*1¥J. JJ. (morally required, 1990: 197). ~~'~.J::~m~WWMl¥JrM~fl~~~J. ft.JI¥J.~'~W. 0. 'ill~~r~~. •• I¥J~.W·~m~fiMA~~.W~I¥J.~. ~o.~B~~~.~~ft.~I¥J-.~~~~n.~~.I¥J~~' ~~, rM~fl~~~JI¥J~~fu~~,~mB~~~~fi.WI¥J. ~~. , fB:ML&M5!it~ff*sfMl¥J~0 " ~z'@~~m~m~mW~~~tt. ti~tt~~~WI¥J~.,mm. •• ~~I¥J~m. ,~¥. ••~WI¥J*S*'ffi~~I¥JM~~r.. ~~mJl¥Jm.'R.~~tt~.~m$~~.mA~' .~~ttl¥J~~~.o.~~*I¥J~.ili~WrmWJI¥J~~'M~~. rmw J llifi~tb~~ • ' ffi~Q~*r.J*~m~~I¥J •• ?~U~Am •• ,m~.~~ mWI¥J~~~A7o~~'~~J:: •• ~~mWI¥J~~~m'm.~ A-OOm.l¥Jm~'m~~ •• ~~•• ~~.~mw' ~~ •• 7·.~Z'm~~m.~~ft~ttl¥JmW'. (1987) l¥J.rl:l~OJm{-lt~ ;. ,. &*~!itU~Am~~.*I¥J~~m~'m~I¥J~~~m~m~~~ M~J::'W~~.mw~*'~~.~~~.~-~~~l¥Jmoo:~. •• 'll~m~tt~I¥J~~~~~~'~#~~1¥J *SfMfifjU ~ (Mackinnon, 1987). ~u~tt~m.OO. 0. 6. r~~#utJ .:tj~1i.iE't·Ii' *kJ Wasserstrom .t§ fFJ.iEA·Ii~~ (1980:. 7. fFJllik'. ·~..il;s't~41:~~~~"*. 56) •. .~~~'.~~~*4.~-.~fFJ~~;s't~-.'~*4.~~~.**.t. •• *.*I~#mfFJ.~·M*~«~~* •• ~~~.-~.~;~.fFJ'.~~I*~1i~M,~~.m44.. ~.·.~~-*~.iE#*T14~ ~IfFJ#. ~*~~~.*.·M.;s't*.4R1ifFJ.~~ITfFJI~~ ••• *~.#*..

(23) M~r. =... •• J_ra~J~*~~A.~ n. [qJ~2.¥~¥®~i~~/I~ lI=IJ~z~~ (equality vs. difference). Jf.1:E. 8. mm3z:tE.:t~~ii~~T. 0. gtBmtf:Hi:OOmJaJ [Z;Im-f.l-tfH'r~JJ1~ , ~mru fJT~tttt~PJ r tpJLJ z~11im ' f.§.~fll¥J~~ , tfm Phillips 5tH}] jtt11J: r IEll9mifd:tt~W~Ef.Btt]jljftT ' Il9llt ' tpJLI¥Ji&~ , li~ ftZmJJ ~ttl¥JfllH1f~ J (1987: 24) , 1t:¥:JJXm r 1"'02JSl¥JlI=IJft.:t Wollstonescraft. 0. ~ (inequitable assimilationism) ······5E1i*~.t£:~jDrftEJlt1!!fll:I¥JAm. ~5E1i~~Ml¥JfJfi1i!PH~iB J. tm¥- '. (II=IJmI,. 25. Ji). 0. ~~~fi5*I¥JI~J~1N. Il9mcpJLi&~~~mtt]jlj1mrim~~. , $Zf.tVfs:1mW~~'[1]jljl¥Jff1:E g.r£~JI¥J~.~~,~.~~.:tm • • • ¥I¥J~.Z-' f!P~EE£~~10rH~2JS~ , Il9llt~1"'f1ii1£~~II=IJi&ml¥J~~tI ' ~:ff~JE nlll¥Jffi'1t ' 1:E3z:tt.:t~~iitp9'J\~ , ~D Zillah Eisenstein (1988) JJ /t'{$*!t rll=lJ~J z~f)j~1¥J TII=IJW=7G'[1J (homogeneous duality) 0. .~~II=IJ,®.:t~~r~~~7G.:t~hW~JI¥J~~*~~£~~OO fPl~. • Iris. Young (1990, Introduction) J!~@:fjtE£~i&ml¥Jl!~tIJ. A'm~.~.Wft.m.ml¥J.lI=IJtt,tpJLtt~~,~ • • • ~tt. m~'Il9~1m@~~~~ttL*~~~I¥J~mfi5m,m~~.:t~~:ff ff1£~ft*AMtpl¥J£~'1m.~tt~·*ft·. .~~$Z.~~. ~1¥J~~*~~,~£~~**~.~~,tE~~A0~i&~I¥J~~. tp • 2JS~JJ1~~J11j , [Z;Im~II1!!T£~ , &:~JJ~Wd:*tpl¥J*~m~ , ~pX;J!*I¥J{~~ • 1l91l:t.~.:t~J-:J,Mm~~~J1Ij*I&f~2JS~JJ~~J11J • f.§.g.£~I¥J~~~~·~~Mff1£~ftMtpl¥J£~,&[Z;I~R. 8. ::r- Ii) " ::t fII} Jll )J:.;/S ~ • -9:a individualist) fr Iii. if i<. '. i! Jll r~, 1~ fII} _1m A. fII} J (relational vs. ~ IIi JIl'J i$. ~ .. fII} 'Jf ~~ i~ fII} '*I iJ.. Karen Offen. *. 0.

(24) 78. J.tk~itJ~:1l. / ~'::'+-)I}l / ~1fJ 961f- 1 }]. ffi*~.~.m.tiM'@~~&~OOti~z~*~~~m.9o ~~53~tiM*~~*ti~5EBfml~t5i6f~Hi ' FilJ~~9Ht T retfj~fft±tt m~ , ~~J!Mm~~ftllftT r 7t:lr@ZP:~ J (separate but equal) ~iI&m:mam • ;tt:::x~ r J -~iiJ~mt~ , ~D Lister (2003: 98) .~ •• wr~zp:~JM~~~~~~.·M.~&.R~~o~. -.M~ffi~'~~ •• ~~.T'iI&m:g~~~~.tt:lr~'@~ .tt:lr~~.a.::X' •• ~~OOm&~M.:~~~tia.~.m mlJ!~W~&.'.~~fj~~.Bfm.~.~~zp:~o.=.M~ :t£t!lJ~Ij~ • • ~~~,*, '~IJ~:gm~.~fn~:t£5131i A~mE~Wr±tt .'.~.~~~tt&~••• Mml~~~~~.,~~ti~r~.J. nue '. J!~MJltiM (Fraser, 1997 ; Coole, 1996 ; Phillips, 1999). ~z'~~a*a~~~tt~.~ •• ~~~~~:t£.~~~ti , ~D Tronto (1993). [~tfHIW ]. (Moral Boundaries). NPBm~ti~t1W •• Lister (2003) ~IHllt±H~*~tt~.W'1f.~ 0. ~~=7t~·~~fj~fiL'&fjmt~L'~~iI&mL~~~·~m ~.zm~fflG:lr. · ~~~:t£ r ~ I zp:~ J. (equality) ~fn~. ,~. .tft~mr!P~~-m-fl (sameness) '~~;fi r ~ J f~r!P~~~\~Ji ,. ,, I). .~.~~.':t£~m~.~e~LM.~W*~ZP:~tiM'.~. ~-m-ft~tiMo. ~~~~~~.Z~M,t1W~~;tt:.~*~~~~,~~ • ~~W'1f~~. ' ~~*J{~~. ' .R~fiJJtfj53~ , ~:t£*.L~~. (essential difference) '~-~~U59i~~tt1!tte. ttOO••ffMm~W~II.&iI&m~~:~~~.~~JJt~.~:t£~ T~~OOo-~OOD.~~~tt.~ett.ff~.~~~ttM •• ~ 9. it-jt ~ tb i.A:t1i .!.1--Wii! fr.]4It~t ' jI'I.'1--tt.l{;'"f. Ann Phillips -tt. [Which Equalities Matter? ] - ... 'f :.Ii oM- ~ fr.] ltWi •.

(25) .~r •• J~rmMJ~*~~A ••. M.lm~,till.~~. ~. •• ~·~-~@~~~~m~.~ttM.. A~M.lm~,~.~.~~~~tt~ll.~.o~~M~~~~ ~U~3~o. =' mm r!OJ. VS.. ~ J rmflittt!~. r!OJ I ZfS~ J ~:f§&~ r ::fZfS~ J r ~ I ~~ J Michael Walzer (1983) tlEl:B r fl. Lister (2003: 97) ;g~~~~, ( inequality) '~~F. 0. ftZfS~J~~~'*~.~~~~~~'~ZfS~~~~~~~m::fZfS ~~)r.i]f.t. ' "~1:E7tffT ..ttJ~~&tt:~~t~U~~'L\ , f@.~?2,~~'mW±.. ~~.~~~.M.'m#.*~::f~.~'.~~mOOll.~ ~.~~.~~~@~ •• ~~-.ll.Mm'.ll.MtlEm7H@. , fiS*~~ • • ft5PJT~ , ~NP , f@.1m'L\~~ftJ!'f* ~-.ll.~~&fiS.'.B.~a.·.~a.~ll ••*o.m ;ttf@.jji±tU;f~im~ 'ti~a. ' Phillips (1999). ;g~r~~U~m::fzp:~::f~ft~ZfS~B3~'L\)r.i]f.t. 0. Harry Frankfurt tlEl:B. rJEJE J ~~~*1&f~ r ZfS~ J ~f1~' r OOAj£~H~ -ft~Jffit§'::fj£lUlit ' .~1:E~fijAH!.JE~ J ( not that everyone should have the same but that each should have enough) ( ~4 tt*~JJR)() (1987: 21. 0. !f!~-+t!t*'c~~ Hannah Arendt (1958) •. ~w~r~mZfS~JH!.j£r::fZfS~~1:E~@~@&~7~@§~' ~~tJ!lZfS~ftJ. (an equality of unequals who stand in need of being. 'equalized' in certain respects and for certain purposes) ~@~~£*..tm~~~~ZfS~. 0. ~j§ Z. '. iW~. , ~~~-OOlUlit~rQ~rHi ' !1l3~j£IUl'L\. ZfS~~::fZfS~~e.§.~~J!'?~~mOOll.~.R~~.M~~. m'~~~.1:E~@•• ~~~m*~£*§.'~~~~A~a. m,;g::fR~~mZ.::fZfS~,~.rZfS~J#U ~~. •• ~~.~.~m,;g~~ •• Kenney (1995) ;g tIE l:B r.:if ZfS ~ ~ J. •• ~@ti~.,. o. (substantive equality.

(26) !~. '). 80 ak*:fh". / f,. -J!JJ / l\1!I 964-1 }]. ~~~)~~.'~m~~~~~.m§.'@~~.ffW-~ft .m~~~.,. '~.~RtiMm~R • • ~~.I~~~'. ~~~~~ft~~ft~~~~~RtiMm~,~mOO5 • • *~'. r ~. J ff!~ r Si.:~ J ( dominance) , r~.f.I J (disempowerment) , Ei:. r ~~ J (disadvantage) J ~irr~ , tJ.Iltmil&.Jr~fJfWl~fW~ T · llt~fiJ'lipff~m~ · ~ffi±"fr~¥Hi!i (restructuring) 0. ~Ei:.rJr~~.J. ,*mili~$m~~~~~~~~o~~,~. ttr~~ft~J~.~~.~Aft~~~~~~~~~(~~~'M ~. , .~) ''&'ffr±.fll:ti:~~~c (~D~~) (~D Rawls, 1971 : Runciman, 1978 ; Ackerman, 1980 ; Arthur & Shaw, 1978) ~tti~~ft~~~ 0. JiifJ(~ , ~1li1H~~~Aft~jffU~Z>'1-. · ff!}J*~~~ID~flJ~ ,. :fIjJ , ;fl.~ El tf: (Rawls, 1971 ; Miller, 1976: 22 ; Galston, 1980: 6). 0. gf;;fl"fr@~'. Young ~*, ;fl1¥rgf;~-ll~tHf~~f,*ftf: ( a condition of enablement) , @~F~D1$*!C~~ftJmpfff~1&~~jf11~W~~#7\~ , amoom.~'~~.R~~.jJ,&,;fl.~~m*.~'ili~ft~. ¥tl~)(fij]ffr±1¥r~~~t1:<I[;\rdj~. , 1Jj5gf;~~~mJ:t~¥EE.ii: (reproduction of a regular distributive pattern, 1990: 26-29) '~HP~W~ ~ A~.~tt. JtflBAffl.~~¥tlJ!~~~~~~~~flJ~. 0. Young ~mJjm.~rt:l~ · aJ.1E3t'tm~~~¥!i:~~~.~ffr±.ruJf* ~~~,. Z,~mmr~~J~m~~m~M~~~m~'I§. M7;k;.~fji, ~!1UJ~ffr±.~I'&':X:'H~.fi~OOrOJ. (1990: 9). 0. ~~. z'1$*!C~~g.~e~.~~ffr±.'ffr±.~~R~~~~~~' tif.~Ujc~~ft~~$T tJjf~~~Ili:g- (~D. Macpherson, 1973 : Simpson,. 1980'&' Young, 1990) • ~rj~:g~ffi±.~~~~mR~~~~rt:l~~@B · J!~~.'&'ffr±.ruJ1*~t't~ !Jf9IJ@s ' ~Ili'&'ff~~~~ , ruJl[;\~~.R 0. ~mEJ!~~ , @mHfHt~~~*~~$f$t\:rf ' {f.1~~i1fflnm~rJ1¥r¥f~ T~~~~~~~.oili~~mOOg~·~~gm~&~7;k;~~m~.

(27) ~~r. •• J.r~~J~*~~A.~. 81. .~lli*~.·m •• ~x.&~.·~q.lli*~~r.~J&r~. ffi.1J ~'I;~ff,f · ~it~::f~.~ffrrtt ' Young r&~J ~!~f1 13 flt~Jm:~fliUNtt~jtrr · fffj r ~~ J ~1J~f1 E1 HLFt-1~rr /:5fftldlla«;11 .~'~~~M.'M~~lli.~.ft.q~~M •• '~~. a. ~B~~m~~~~~.oo,q~~m'~w'~*'~m&mn~. •••~~, *m~~~r~~J&r J~ •• ' .:: * ilifj5~ 7 f:f ~flJ tiit5t ~~ , f1m-JX 1r'~}~, ~:t(i!i.ffi: ~U;J * 1Hl .oo~,~. c. .~~~m'.W&.n~~)m.~~~.::f~.m'.ilim.f:f 71lil~n~ftW{{o. Hi ' StlRi1B!AH-\:Fa ~8 ~~. ••~~ft~ •• '~~f1~flt~~OOf1r. J:t(ttI. q~~•• ~~.~.~,~~.m.~5~~~~~?~T~.~ .~OO~ffM.o. W~,. .W~Dn. WM.f1~~ft~'.$Wft:t(~~$~~.~~.*a. •••~r~£$J~:t(i1:Iff,f~~.n'.m~Mtt~. M~mW'~~~~~m.~M~I~~~ff,f,~.r. J~~M'. ~m.~r-.-.Jf1M~.~oillr-.-.Jf1~.m.~~. ~~±.f:f-'. '~~~~~~~-.-.f1~~~~?~~*. f:f~~¥~lli*~.~-B~N~.'-m.m~X~Mm.~~ •. •. '~~~~7r-.-.Jfl~~.*'ill •• ~W*0.fl.fi. ~~.~~@tiito~§~'~~~~~~~~m~T'~~-m-. ~fl~lfl~~~~~~~ ••. 'M••m@tiit'R*••• ~.~. ~f:f~::f~~o~@Bmili,ft+-~r~£$J:t(i1:Iff,f.n~~. $M.ff,f'~~¥~~~ili7~~~~~:-.-.~flM'~7~ :t(tt~~ffi:Iff,flm~~~tt~*.~;ili~~~~tt~~~Iff,f1.

(28) I'. 82. pt.k*try.Jt!::fl / 1f;.::.+-J!;l / t\1fJ 96. -+ 1 }]. .~~~tt~*.~!~~~M*~~~m.~r-m-.J~M'. ? Ji{~, m1tf$EP~7 Arlie Hochchild &Nancy ~~~A~~~.~$$.~~r~tt•• J~ •• o ~='M •• ~m.~·~~~M-~fu1&,~tt~ ••OO~~ R~ •• '~~m~~.7~?~~*.~.b~m~m~~ttmR mftJi.!~~~!NiW~1&. ~. i. ... ~M'~.7~.~tt~.,~~~~tt~~~~mom.m$'. *~M7 •• ~.~~M.b~.~.ffi;=*~~.g~r~~J .~~~.~W. o~~ •• ~.~~m-~.m·m~~ttM~. mR~~1&·~tt~~OO~~~b~,~~~.~tt-.'.1&.~. .~.~.n~~RmM.*?~~~·~~. •• b~~~~~~~. ~.~,~tt~~.W~tt~~~-.!-~.~~~-~~~~m. ffi'~tt~Im*.b.ffi~.n~MIW&~~I~~.*'~~' nc~::f*H~. · ~.R~ • • lthZmfi~f51 ! fffi?F~O~~*~~-¥}59i~. ~tt~I~m~$~oo~r§~~~.J. .• -&~,. r§~~~.J. ~E~'&.ffi~~.~ ••-OO.*~~*~.,~~~~tt~I OO~~~-OO~~~~tt~I~~*M~,~~r§~~~.J~~' 11U[£::fmt~ Anne Phillips pJT11t~J~ r ~i}~~1llJ1t~fi J •. ~~'~~*m~~~~.~~$m~'IllJ~ili~mffi~r~~J I i. .*'~w.~.m~~.~o r_.-.Jm~.~r~~.J~ _'.Bm.Wm~&~'~$rlllJ~~.J&r~tt. •• J. ·~ft. $~::f~~.~~.~~o.~Z'~$&~.~g~~~·m~~ ffi*~~$&~. \. ' il~~~7. ~tt~~~~~~~lItili1JL. r~~~~ J '{S~~fm.WJ~c;c~. •. ffi~~~~*~r~~J.~~~E~~~,~~~~~rmR. .JmE~~~~·g~~$~W~H.,~~~~m~~.mm •. . ~ttIL':. ~~*~$. , *~~. r~Z' ~~PJ~ZJ ~ ••. 0. mOOM. .~ •• '~~E.~~.&tt,~mM~.~7~*$¥~§mm.

(29) A!~ f1*l1:J ~ f~~jJ. :!ffi.t~I¥J~~*Eml¥J~~tt. €f-;-Jdi.i.J:...;-tit. 83. ' ~O~11*I1fJflJfifr±Wr~{'3fd:.11JjUfljfS~. ~'ffi~~~~W¥~~~I¥J~~W~I¥J±~'ill~~~~&.~1¥J .~o~~~0~~.~A.~.~~~~wr~~/~.Jl¥Jm~ ~ff~?~&~~r~.J®*~~&~l¥Jr~~J~*,g~~OO. •• ~~Wr±~m~~.I¥J~~~'ill.OOW~ r ~~~~ J pff~fJ~~~I¥J~ff~1&*I¥J1iHI .. ~R~.?~~'. Herma Kay ~AW. ~.r~~W~J~~ffi.Rili*l¥Jam'.~.§~-I¥J~r~ ftffi~~Jl¥Jam±~o~gamW~ttI¥JW~~W~?~**~. ~. ••~I¥J •• ,~~~m~~~A~.Eam~'.7.~eA •. •. &m.W~~~A&~~~~m,®~~r~~~~~Jam'ffi. .*m~gam~~~'~.~~~W~I¥J~~'~~~~A~A± .ftWrI¥J.Wr&-M.~~o~.*~~~~AReAMI¥JM.ill~ ff~ (Phillips, 1987: 25). 0. B~JJ[j**a~1&m{*Wt~l¥Jam. *~~~'ffi~OO~~M~mmft~&mo. ' 'H~. ••~~w~~~.,.. ~~ili~W~m~~.l¥Jm~,.m~~tt~MI~.~&~~I~. ~.~~,m~ilil¥Jm~~:~tt~ •• ~.~~ •• m~~MI~ .~&~m~M~~I~I¥J~.?~1&mg~.,m~ttoo~-~ MB~m,. •• ~~r~~tt/-~~. J~~.r~.~~. '. ~W~ J ~~ , mWr1:f~1100~gt~..tl¥Jm:tl 1&~ r ~.tt J ~~ •. ~~~~ttR%~~*El¥Jft~M~Rflj~ID~'H~~~'~®~~. •• : Mtt~oo~m~l¥J*Em.#~?Hm-~m~~~ttIAI¥J •• '~ .t:t$~r~'&~~I~I¥JIf'F ? B~ Zillah Eisenstein ~lIlmcem~ r ~~ J , mili~~~ Jt±¥i1¥Jf#t1iiill'ti ' {friE~D Lister pff§ , ii~~Jf~am*£\ijg~liceft~ ~~~I¥J~ttr~~~J~~~••• I¥J~.·~ft~~.I¥J~~~ ~~l¥JttJjU~I;ffiM~r~~ttJ~~'&~~OO~~~I¥J.

(30) 1. if·) ~. <£~. Jt:kf-fiJ". / 1f;.:::.+-,lIJ! / ~l!N 964-1 J1. 84. ,. ~ Sally. Kenny. rJT1£~1¥J r .'it2f~ J ,~. Iris Young. I¥J r ~±tf. ~.J ,~~~.~~.I¥J~~R.~~I¥J~.(-·-·a.~* ~~~~~I¥J~.) ,~.~~.I¥J.ti~tt~~~m&~~I¥J~. ~ WIT. trIUH~. 0. ~~m@~~*."r~~~J1£~ttI~~l¥Jm.'~~". m~~~~.~~~2f~'~~lli~~ •• ~fittl¥J.~~~'~. ~~tt~I8m~~&~m~~W'ffiOO~I¥J.~~~·~~a.~ ~l¥Jili~~o~.7~I~ft~$~~~~~.~~~~'~~~~ m.w'ti~g~ ••mtt•• 2f~~~~~R~,~~.~ ••m @E*J3~~l¥Jrc~.tt. ' &ml~R~rfrlJ~~ililJ!I¥J~~~. 0.

(31) .~r. •• J~r~MJ~*~~A.~. 85. $~3tJIX. --CP3Z$?j .:Ef!(rt ' 1997, f=J~). ~rtf!(. (ft11:~Ib~~rf3'If'F1*~:lltt!~iM). , <~I. <~ftI1'F~~: $JJ.W1Uf9~;<:JtJf~). '-EJ~t:. 0. , 1999,. 1i~o. ~~~~ , 2001'. W r ~fI J. (ftJf1:~rf3'If'FJjtJlffJD83~ 83itlJ~J:). , <,FLfi$~~~t). : f=J:;iEm- r Ji:;$: J 'vo1.71. 0. =-!l!3Z$?j Ackerman, Bruce, 1980, Social Justice and the Liberal State. New Haven: Yale University Press. Arendt, H., 1958, The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Arthur, John and Shaw, Williams (eds.), 1978, Justice and Economic Distribution. N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Chakravarty, Subrata N., 1980, "Sri Landa's Minimiracle", Forbes, Oct. 13: 226. Coole, D., 1996, "Is Class a Difference That Makes a Difference?", Radical Philosophy 77. Collins, Randall, 1979, The Crendential Society: A Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification. NY: Academic. Dowd, Nancy E., 1986, "Maternity Leave: Taking Sex Differences into Account", 54 Fordham L. Rev. 699, 706. Eisenstein, Zilla, 1988, The Female Body and the Law, Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press..

(32) ,,~. 86. Jt.kf'fh":fl /. '.::.+-)IJj /. ~~ 96'" 1 }]. Farley, Christine Haight, 1996, Men May Work From Sun to Sun, but Women's Women's work is Never Done: International Law and the Regulation of Women's·Work at Night. Fenwick, Helen and hervey, Tamara, 1995, "Sex Equality in the Single Market: New Directions for the European Court of Justice", Common Market Legal Review. Frankfurt, H., 1987, "Equality as a Moral Ideal", Ethics 98. Fraser, Nancy., 1997, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the "Postsocialist" Condition. New Yor: Routledge. Fullinwider, Robert,1980, The Reverse Discrimination Controversy. N.J.: Rowman and Allanheid. Galston, William, 1980, Justice and the Human Good. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Gason, Sara, 1997, "Labor Policy and Social Meanings of Parenthood", 22 Law and Social Inquiry 277. Hochschild, Arlie, 1997, The Time Bind, Henry, Holt & Company. ILO, 2001, Night work of women in industry: General Survey of the Reports concerning the Night Work (Women) Convention, 1919 (No.4), the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1934 (No. 41), the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948. International Labour Conference, 89 th Session, 2001, Report III (Part IB). Geneva. - - - . , 1998, Labour and SociaIIissues Relating to Eexport Processing Zzones. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting of Export Processing Zones-Operating Countries, Geneva, 1998. TMEPZ/1998. Geneva. - - - . , 1996, Report of the Working Party on Policy Rregarding the.

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(34) 88. a:k*1JJ"':fl1. ~.::..+-Jl}). I. ~~ 96.,. 1 }]. Offe, Claus, 1976, Industry and Inequality: The Achievement Principle in Work and Social Status. NY: St. Martin's. Offen, Karen, 1988, "Defining Feminism: A Comparative Historical Approach", Signs, 14(1). Phillips, Anne (eds.), 1987, Feminism and Equality, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Phillips, Anne, 1999, Which Equalities Matter? Polity Press. Politakis, George P., 2001, "Night Work of Women in Industry: Standards and. Sensibility",. International. Labour Review,. v 01.1 40 (no.4). Rawls, John, 1971, A theory of Justice. Cambridege: Harvard University Press. Rhode, D.L., 1992, "The Politics of Paradigms: Gender Difference and Gender Disadvantage", in G. Bock and S. James, (eds.) Beyond Equality and Difference, London: Routledge. Runciman, W.G., 1978, "Processes, End states and Social Justice", Philosophical Quarterly, Vo1.28. Simpson, Evan, 1980, "The Subject of Justice", Ethics, Vo1.90. Schiek, Dagmar, 1996, "Lifting the Ban on Women's Night Work in Europe: A Straight Road to Equality in Employment?", 3 Cardozo Women's Law Journal. Sumner, L.W" 1987, "Positive Sexism", in Ellen Frankel Paul, Fred D. Miller, Jeffrey Paul and John Ahrens, eds., Equal opportunity. Oxford: Blackwell. Taub, Nadine & Williams, Wendy W., 1985, "Will Equality Require More Than Assimilation, Accommodation or Separation From the Existing Social Structure?", 37 Rutgers L. Rev. 825, 832-44..

(35) .Mr•• J~r~~J~*~~A.~. 89. Tronto, J., 1993, Moral Boundaries, New York: Routledge. United Nations., 1999. 1999 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Globalization, Gender and Work. New York, NY. Walzer, Michael, 1983, Spheres of Justice. New York: Basic Books..

(36) 90. It.kifttJ~''1 ~..::.+-,)!}]. I. ~1fl96. Jf-. 1 }]. Beyond Feminist Protection and Restriction Debate: Its Implications to the Issues of Women's. Night Work and Overtime in Taiwan's. Labor Standard Law. Mei-Chun Liu *. Abstract Women workers' protection legislation has been challenged over the past decades leading to the repeal in most of the advanced countries where gender equality is promoted as one of the core vales of the society. The feminist debate on 'protection vs. restriction' has brought on much theoretical Qiscussions and generated new concept and theorization of this issue. This paper reviews the discourses involved in the legislative process of women's night work as well as overtime articles modified in Taiwan's Labor Standard Law. Will women benefit or lose when women's night work and overtime regulation is modified to male workers' standard? This paper suggests 'equal treatment' could be adopted only when women's social conditions are considered and supports instituted. Keywords: equality vs. difference, protection vs. restriction, feminism, night work, overtime *Professor, Institute for Labour Research, National Chengchi University..

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