探索跨組織資訊系統在供應鏈之跨組織學習與知識管理中的角色

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

探索跨組織資訊系統在供應鏈之跨組織學習與知識管理中 的角色

研究成果報告(精簡版)

計 畫 類 別 ： 個別型

計 畫 編 號 ： NSC 96-2416-H-011-010-

執 行 期 間 ： 96 年 08 月 01 日至 97 年 07 月 31 日 執 行 單 位 ： 國立臺灣科技大學資訊管理系

計 畫 主 持 人 ： 魏小蘭

計畫參與人員： 碩士班研究生-兼任助理人員：李文豪 碩士班研究生-兼任助理人員：陳俐伶

報 告 附 件 ： 國外研究心得報告

出席國際會議研究心得報告及發表論文

處 理 方 式 ： 本計畫涉及專利或其他智慧財產權，2 年後可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 97 年 10 月 31 日

行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫 成果報告

探索跨組織資訊系統在供應鏈之跨組織學習與知識管理中的角色 研究成果報告(精簡版)

計畫類別：個別型

計畫編號：NSC

96-2416-H-011-010

執行期間：96 年 08 月 01 日至 97 年 07 月 31 日 執行單位：國立台灣科技大學資訊管理學系 計畫主持人：魏小蘭

計畫參與人員： 碩士班研究生—兼任助理：李文豪、陳俐伶

報告附件：赴國外出差或研習心得報告一份 處理方式：可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 97 年 10 月 31 日

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告

中文題目：跨組織學習能力對供應鏈之管理績效之影響

英文題目：The Influence of Interfirm Learning Capabilities on Supply Chain Management Performance

計劃編號：NSC96-2416-H-011-010

執行期間：96 年 08 月 01 日至 97 年 07 月 31 日 主持人： 魏小蘭助理教授 國立台灣科技大學資訊管理系

中文摘要

本研究以組織學習觀點說明供應鏈管理中的有效學習過程，並找出跨組織關係中的學 習能力。研究結果支持學習導向對關係品質及跨組織資訊系統使用度有正向影響，關係品 質則對跨組織資訊系統使用度及供應鏈管理績效有正向影響，但跨組織資訊系統使用度並 無顯著影響供應鏈管理績效。本研究的發現，可提供企業於建立夥伴關係以取得外部新知 識時，有用的資訊及相關的建議。

關鍵字：跨組織學習能力、關係品質、跨組織資訊系統使用度、學習導向

Abstract

This paper invokes the organizational learning perspective to explain the effective interorganizational learning processes in supply chain management and identifies the learning capabilities developed in interfirm relationships. The results support that learning orientation has significant, positive effects on relationship quality and interoganizational system (IOS) usage.

Relationship quality has positive direct effects on both IOS usage and supply chain management performance. But IOS usage does not influence supply chain management performance significantly. The findings provide useful information and impartial advice for firms engaged in partnership building for acquiring external new knowledge.

Keywords: Interorganizational learning capabilities; Relationship quality; IOS usage; Learning orientation

INTRODUCTION

Facing with increasingly environmental uncertainty and global competition, firms need to develop dynamic capabilities to gain and sustain competitive advantage. The ability to manage interfirm relationships has been recognized as one of the vital capabilities for organizations to secure competitive advantage. This relational capability may extend a firm’s knowledge base and allow it to explore and exploit external sources of knowledge, leading to superior performance. Learning and knowledge sharing are believed to play a significant role in interfirm relationships and supply chain management.

Given the widely acclaimed strategic importance of external knowledge and information, firms need to build capabilities for acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation of knowledge from supply chain partners (Dyer and Nobeoka, 2000; Zahra and George, 2002).

Although it has been suggested that realizing the potential advantage of interorganizational learning and knowledge management is determined by a firm’s intent to learn and the characteristics of buyer-supplier dyad (Lane and Lubatkin, 1998), little is known about what capabilities are essential for effective interfirm learning and why these capabilities can benefit supply chain members. The objective of this article is to extend this stream of research by empirically examining the influence of interfirm learning capabilities on supply chain management performance.

In this article, three important characteristics that constitute interfirm learning capabilities in a supply chain are identified: learning orientation, relationship quality and interorganizational systems (IOS) usage. Learning orientation is a cultural orientation that institutes learning processes for stimulating employees’intention to acquire new knowledge when interacting with external environments. Relationship quality and IOS usage have been recognized as important collaboration-specific capabilities for generating benefits (Cagliano et al., 2003; Celuch et al., 2002). They are important for knowledge acquisition and exploitation in interorganizational learning processes. These three learning capabilities are complementary and have complex relationships. We examine the relationships among these learning capabilities as well as their effects on supply chain management performance.

Research Model

The ability to create and manage buyer-supplier knowledge-sharing processes can successfully improve supply chain performance (Dyer and Nobeoka, 2000). This ability to assimilate and exploit knowledge and technology from supply chain partners relies on a set of crucial learning capabilities. Figure 1 depicts the proposed model, which is derived below.

Figure 1 Research model.

RESULTS

The structural model was assessed by examining the path coefficients and their statistical significance. Table 1 shows the path coefficients and the explained construct variances. The analysis strategy involved a two-stage approach because the measures for learning orientation and relationship quality are second-order constructs. The psychometric properties of all scales were first assessed through confirmatory factor analysis. The structural relationships were examined next, using the factor scores representing the first-order dimensions of learning orientation and relationship quality.

Table 1 summarizes the model-testing results. Overall, four of the five hypotheses were supported. Findings provide support for Hypothesis 1, relating learning orientation to relationship quality (t = 4.50, p < 0.001). Hypothesis 2, which posits that learning orientation would influence IOS usage, is also supported (t = 2.46, p < 0.05). As for Hypothesis 3, we find that, as predicted, relationship quality is positively associated with IOS usage (t = 6.04, p < 0.01).

Hypothesis 4, which posits that relationship quality would influence supply chain performance, is supported (t = 8.50, p < 0.01). Finally, as for Hypothesis 5, we find that, IOS usage is not positively associated with supply chain performance (t = 1.68, p < 0.1), though this could be slightly significance by setting lower significance level (α=0.1). Explained variances for supply chain performance were 41.4%. Learning orientation explained 16.4% and 27.6% of the variances in relationship quality and IOS usage respectively.

Table1 Results for research model

Hypothesis Path Coefficient Support or not

H1 LO→RQ .41* Yes

H2 LO→IOS .19* Yes

H3 RQ→IOS .42* Yes

H4 RQ→SCP .56* Yes

H5 IOS→SCP .14 No

*p<0.05

Learning Orientation

Relationship Quality

IOS Usage

Supply Chain Performance H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

CONCLUSION

This research from the organizational learning perspective identifies learning orientation, relationship quality and IOS usage as the important learning capabilities in supply chain management and investigates their influence on supply chain performance. To compete at the supply chain level, the learning capabilities in the supply chain are essential for determining the competitive advantage of the firm. Our research results support that learning orientation influences both relationship quality and IOS usage in supply chains. Therefore, a positive learning culture is beneficial for firms that aspire to stand out through the supply chain learning process. Relationship quality has a positive impact on supply chain performance, thus revealing that good relationship helps acquire and assimilate external knowledge from supply chain partners to sustain and create advantage. For effective learning, well-established norms, practices, and beliefs may have to be challenged, and managers should encourage employees to pursue knowledge related to supply chain change management.

The empirical result does not reveal a strong effect of IOS usage on supply chain management performance. One explanation may be that IOS usage in Taiwan is still in the initial stage, therefore, the scope of implementation may be limited and the overall benefits are too early to be observed. The survey data shows that only 23% of respondents implement and use advance types of IOS systems (e.g., EDI, B2B systems, and WWW-based systems) to support some aspects of their supply chain activities. Also, the implementation of IOS involves two or more different organizations. This makes it much more difficult than that of traditional IS systems.

The results support that relationship quality has positively direct effects on both IOS usage and supply chain management performance. The positive effect of relationship quality on IOS usage indicates that good relationship is helpful in facilitating IOS usage because it can reduce the uncertainty faced by both parties and counter the resistance of boundary-spanning persons.

Also, relationship quality has a significantly positive effect on supply chain management performance. Incorporating external partners into a firm’s internal business processes not only is a way to focus on its core competencies but also can integrate the competencies in the supply chain (Celuch et al., 2002). The importance of partnership possibly depends on the knowledge integration for generating exponential explosion of benefits in the supply chain, more than that of individual firm’s.

REFERENCES

Cagliano, R., Caniato, F., and Spina, G. (2003), "E-business strategy: How companies are shaping their supply chain through the internet", International Journal of Operations & Production

Management, Vol. 23 No. 10, pp. 1142-62.

Celuch, K.G., Kasouf, C.J., and Peruvemba, V. (2002), "The effects of perceived market and

learning orientation on assessed organizational capabilities", Industrial Marketing

Management, Vol. 31, pp. 545-54.

Dyer, J.H. and Nobeoka, K. (2000), "Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: The toyota case", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21 No.

3, pp. 345-67.

Lane, P.J. and Lubatkin, M. (1998), "Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19 No. 5, pp. 461-77.

Zahra, S.A. and George, G. (2002), "Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 185-203.

計畫成果自評

本計劃成果與原計劃內容相符，其研究成果對於供應鏈管理有更進一步的瞭解。不僅 將組織學習理論應用於跨組織關係與學習中，並深入探討如何增進跨組織學習能力。幫助 管理者經由適當的管理供應鏈夥伴關係，吸收外部的知識，創造更多的競爭優勢。

赴國外研究心得報告

計畫編號 NSC

96-2416-H-011-010

計畫名稱 探索跨組織資訊系統在供應鏈之跨組織學習與知識管 理中的角色

出國人員姓名 服務機關及職稱

魏小蘭

國立台灣科技大學資訊管理系 助理教授 出國時間地點 97.7.15~97.7.18 香港

國外研究機構 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

工作記要：

本次到香港理工大學短期訪問，主要是與管理學院的幾位教授交換研究心得，並洽談合 作事宜。此行見面的主要學者如下：Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies 的

Prof. Liu, John、Prof. Cheng, T.C. Edwin、Dr Lai, Kee Hung Mike、Dr Lee, Peter K C、Dr Lun, Y.H.

Venus 及Institute of Textiles and Clothing 的Dr Wong Christina。其中 Prof. Cheng 為知名學術期 刊 International Journal of Production Economics 的 Editor-in-Chief，Dr Lai 為知名學術期刊 Information & Management 的 Editorial Board Member。他們並發表許多 paper 於 operations management 的頂尖期刊上，如 Journal of Operations Management。此行與之交換許多論文發 表的心得及一些研究的議題與方法的運用，並進一步討論共同合作的可能性，可以說是在未 來的國際合作上，有一個很好的開始。

另外發現香港的大學對於研究非常的重視，尤其對質的重視度很高。Dr Lai 有 40 多篇的 國外期刊論文，但他說其中有很多是不算的，也就是說若是 B Journal 以下的期刊，對他們 的研究 Credit 是不 Count 的。所以他們很多教授都有 Top-tier 的期刊，我想原因也是在此。

加上他們的 research grant 很多，每個人都可以與邀請國外學者合作短期訪問，進行合作，

只要 Department Head 簽淮，就有錢可以 support，他們的資源投入很多。

赴國外研究心得報告

計畫編號

NSC 96-2416-H-011-010

計畫名稱 探索跨組織資訊系統在供應鏈之跨組織學習與知識管

理中的角色

出國人員姓名 服務機關及職稱

魏小蘭

國立台灣科技大學資訊管理系 助理教授 出國時間地點 97.7.15~97.7.18 香港

國外研究機構 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

工作記要：

本次到香港理工大學短期訪問，主要是與管理學院的幾位教授交換研究心得，並洽談合 作事宜。此行見面的主要學者如下：Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies 的

Prof. Liu, John、Prof. Cheng, T.C. Edwin、Dr Lai, Kee Hung Mike、Dr Lee, Peter K C、Dr Lun, Y.H.

Venus 及Institute of Textiles and Clothing 的Dr Wong Christina。其中 Prof. Cheng 為知名學術期 刊 International Journal of Production Economics 的 Editor-in-Chief，Dr Lai 為知名學術期刊 Information & Management 的 Editorial Board Member。他們並發表許多 paper 於 operations management 的頂尖期刊上，如 Journal of Operations Management。此行與之交換許多論文發 表的心得及一些研究的議題與方法的運用，並進一步討論共同合作的可能性，可以說是在未 來的國際合作上，有一個很好的開始。

另外發現香港的大學對於研究非常的重視，尤其對質的重視度很高。Dr Lai 有 40 多篇的 國外期刊論文，但他說其中有很多是不算的，也就是說若是 B Journal 以下的期刊，對他們 的研究 Credit 是不 Count 的。所以他們很多教授都有 Top-tier 的期刊，我想原因也是在此。

加上他們的 research grant 很多，每個人都可以與邀請國外學者合作短期訪問，進行合作，

只要 Department Head 簽淮，就有錢可以 support，他們的資源投入很多。