博物館、人類學與臺灣原住民展示──歷史過程中文化再現場域的轉形變化

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ҁЎЬाவറނᓔΓᜪᏢޑفࡋǴ௖૸Ѡ᡼চՐ҇࣬ᜢ৖Ңޑว৖ᡂϯǴ٠ җԜ௖઩኱ҁ௦໣ǵΓᜪᏢޕ᛽ғౢǵک৖Ңӆ౜ޑፄᚇϕ୏ၸำǶЎύஒѠ᡼ চՐ҇৖Ңεठϩࣁϖঁόӕ໘ࢤǴϩ݋Ӛ໘ࢤж߄܄റނᓔ܈ᜪറނᓔᐒᄬ৖ Ң੝܄ک୏Κޑৡ౦Ƕ२ӃǴࢂԐයѦٰޣӳڻᢀ౦ޑ႟ࢃև౜ǴаϷ19Шइύ ယаࡕȨӳڻЈഋӈ࠻ȩ(cabinet of curiosities)ޑр౜Ƕ1895ԃВҁڗளᆵ᡼ϐࡕǴ ΓᜪᏢޣ৖໒ჴӦ፯ࢗǵ௼ဂϩᜪکεೕኳ኱ҁ௦໣Չ୏Ǵ׎ԋΑࣽᏢ܄৖Ңޑ ୷ᘵǶӕਔǴচՐ҇৖Ң೴ᅌԋࣁ෗҇಍ݯޣၮҔޑᆅၰǴჹКև౜চۈکЎܴ ຾ϯว৖ޑཷۺǶ1930ԃжаࡕǴᏢೌڗӛޑ৖ҢǴ೴ᅌӧΓᜪᏢࣴزᐒᄬύۓ ࠠǴٯӵѠчࡆ୯εᏢȬβ߫ΓᅿᏢᖱ০ȭ೛࿼ޑ኱ҁഋӈ࠻ǴаϷѠ᡼Ӏൺࡕ ύѧࣴزଣ೛ҥޑ҇௼Ꮲࣴز܌኱ҁഋӈ࠻฻Ǵ೭٤৖Ңε೿ᆶᏢೌࣴزஏϪ่ ӝǶ1980ԃжଆǴᒿ๱Ѡ᡼ޑ࿶ᔮว৖کࡹݯ᚞࿹ǴচՐ҇Ўϯ৖Ңӧӭᅿόӕ ࠠᄊޑറނᓔ܈Ўϯ׸ϣԋࣁ዗ߐЬᚒǹന߈10ԃ໔Ǵεໆԋҥޑ೽ပЎނᓔ܈ ЎϯᓔǴ׳ԋࣁࡹ࿶ၗྍᝡݾکԾךཀ᛽ࡌᄬޑ൑܌ǶҁЎ೸ၸᔠຎόӕ໘ࢤচ Ր҇৖Ңޑว৖ᡂϯǴ၂კ຾΋؁ࡘԵЎϯ৖Ңӆ౜ޑཀကǴаϷځύϸࢀޑޗ ཮ે๎ک៾Κᜢ߯Ƕ ᜰᗤຠǺӆ౜൑ୱǴЎϯӆ౜ǴറނᓔΓᜪᏢǴᜪറނᓔᐒᄬǴ৖Ңᘀ໣Ǵڀᡏ ϯǴЎϯ፟៾ +઼ϲέ៉̂ጯˠᙷጯրઘି଱Ą 1 ώ͛ܐቇ൴ܑٺ2006ѐ12͡17͟͟ώΔঔ྽̂ጯĶАҝϔ㭓̂ጯ-έ៉Аҝϔ㭓㭙၆ྖķ ࡁ੅ົĂົ̚၆ྖˠ׶೩ય۰۞ధкᚗෳޙᛉĂ၆ώ͛۞࣒Լ೩ֻޝкᑒӄćѩγĂ˟ ҜઠЩᆶߤˠ۞યᗟ׶ຍ֍Ă˵ѣӄٺᗃ୻ώ͛۞˘ֱ۠ᕇ׶ழ႒Ăдѩ˘׀࡭ᔁĄ

ിސᓢᇄΡ᜸Ᏸޟᜰ߽ߨல஝ϸȂܒ፴ζ࡞ࣺߖȇΠޱޟጢଔ഍࡚ҳӵԁۉᇔ ȶ౴ȷޟஅᙃΰȂζ഍ڎԤၮࣨϣଢ଼ޟཎొȄӱ៫ႆўΙԻӻԑپȂΡ᜸Ᏸंـሴ୿ ޟี৤Ȃю౪ႆΠݰിސᓢዥዘȄ೻ΠݰിސᓢΡ᜸Ᏸ(Museum Anthropology)ॳዘȂ ᗶณ഍ᇄ౴МϽԝᙠ৤ҰԤᜰȂծ࢐஼፡ޟ१ᘈڷڥөࠓσϚࣺӣȄΡ᜸Ᏸடཾ19ж कϛဨӵዉࢸᑹଔȂᇄിސᓢϛ౴МϽ኿ҏޟσ໔ಣᑖԤᜰȇՄ౴МϽࣺᜰ৤ҰȂ ζ଩ӫΡ᜸Ᏸޣᜋᡝفޟ࡚ҳȂԙ࣏ിސᓢ৤юޟ१ौкᚠȄԤٲᏰޱӰԪ஠1840 Ս1920ԑфȂᆎ࣏Ρ᜸Ᏸޟȶ಑Ιএിސᓢਢ෈ȷ(The First Museum Age) (Sturtevant 1969; Stockings 1985)ȄԪਢ෈஼፡ӵിސᓢϱ໌՗ᓗᄘޟސ፴МϽंـȇкौ࢐ዉछ Ᏸޱ௃ᄂᜌऋᏰޟُ࡙юีȂବᄇȶࠉώཾȷ(pre-industry)ޥོޟސ፴МϽ኿ҏ໌՗ ௴໱ȃ཭௿ڷंـȄϚႆȂᓍ๿Ρ᜸ᏰंـПݲڷ౩፣ᑹ፸ޟᙽᡐȂ1920ԑфоࡣȂ ിސᓢϱޟ౴МϽ኿ҏंـംᅚಳᚔΡ᜸ᏰкࢺȄޢڗ1980ԑфоࡣȂҥܻѪΙݰ׳ րІࣸࡦዘޟᑹଔȂിސᓢϗӔ࡙ԙ࣏Ρ᜸Ᏸޱᜰݧޟᄇຫ(Clifford 1988, Vergo 1989, Ames 1992, Pearce 1992, Appadurai & Breckeridge 1992)ȄཱིޟΙݰിސᓢၼଢ଼Ȃࡻ៉ ௃20жकґ۽ᐶՍ21жकߑޟϬРȂጒ൜ႇЅжࣨӨ୽Ȃቹ७ζ؁ёኄݿȂӰԪԤٲ ᏰޱᆎϞ࣏ȶ಑Πএിސᓢਢ෈ȷ(The Second Museum Age) (Phillip 2005; Rowlands 2006)ȄϚӣޟ࢐Ȃ಑Πএിސᓢਢ෈ϚӔ஼፡ࡊᢎޣᜋޟҡ౰ڷᓗᄘޟᏢސंـȂ Մ࢐஠ിސᓢຜ࣏Ιᆍ౪фޥོޟ੫੆౰ސȂоЅӨᆍΡတȃސ፴ڷདݲၮࣨ௥ញޟ ൟ୿Ȅҥܻкौ࢐௃ଢ଼ᄘޟΡȃސڷޥོᜰ߽ϣଢ଼ُ࡙Ȃᔮຜڷ׳րിސᓢᄇቋ঄ȃ ࠢڨȃ᠌Ψȃޣᜋȃ଄ᏹڷᇯӣ้ኇ៪ȂӰԪ೻এ໦ࢲζலೝᆎ࣏ȶࡣ෥ҕിސᓢޟ ਢфȷ(Age of Post-colonial Museums)Ȅ2

ߖԑپȂϚЍཱིിސᓢᏰंـޱȂ஠ിސᓢЅി។ོȃМϽ؆ȃкᚠϴ༪ܖ᛺ං ้ȶ᜸ിސᓢᐠᄺȷ(quasi-museum institutions)Ȃᘪ᜸ᆎ࣏ȶ৤Ұᘎ໱ȷ(exhibitionary complex)ȂШၶڏ໢৤Ұ዁Ԓȃު໢๖ᄺȃ᠌Ψᜰ߽ȃМϽᇯӣȃӄ໣ᢎӎᇄੑາ้ ୰ᚠ(Urry 1990; Hall 1994; Bennett 1995:59; Shelton 2006: 480)Ȅᗶณ೻ٲ৤Ұᐠᄺޟ࠮ ᄘڷҬޟ৯౴࡞σȂծкौ഍࢐ၼҢყ჋ڷМސޟԊ௶֕౪پ༈ႀᢎ܈དݲȂٮל༭ σಀޟᢎࣼငᡛȄ؁१ौޟ࢐ȂؐΙএ৤Ұ഍࢐ΙএӔ౪ൟ୿Ȃ࢐ӵϚӣਢު࢜ᄺڷ Ϛӣޣᜋշ׋ϛၼҢΙৈຫ኉ಒጆᄺԙޟު໢ൟශȇᇄԪӣਢȂζ֕౪ΙৈԊ௶ٱސ ڷΡတޟપוȂᡱᢎಀആႆည٘ڏϛޟᢎࣼڷငᡛՄ࡚ᄺቋ঄ᇄཎဎ(Clifford 1988ȇ Duncan 1991ȇBennet 1996)ȄڏϛȂন՞ҕࣺᜰޟ৤ҰȂҥܻᗴਖ਼тޱڷרတۡ՝Ȃ 2

࠹ᙯ੅ኢણ֍Bourdieu 1991; Walsh 1992; Ames 1992; Duncan & Ley 1993; Simpson 1994; Bennett 1995, 1996; Macdonald 1996, Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 1998; Crane 2000; Rowlands 2006Ą

ٮиڎᡝ֕౪ՌרڷтޱޟלᇼȂӰԪ؁ёԙ࣏ᔮଆ᠌Ψၼհᇄᇯӣ࡚ᄺޟᜰݧฐᘈ (Ave 1980ȇCruikshank 1995)Ȅ ڧڗ୽ѴंـࡦዘᡐϽޟኇ៪ȂѮᢊിސᓢΡ᜸Ᏸࣨᄇܻন՞ҕ৤ҰޟϷݙଆ ፣Ȃζംᅚӵ1990ԑфоࡣю౪ȄΙٲᏰޱ໠ۖඪюПөܒڷ྅܈ܒޟϭಝڷຟ፣ (ӈ੕1993ȇдགྷό1992ȇ೨ђ݂1994ȃ2004ȇങस੎1997ȇᑋద߇2005)ȄѪѴȂ Ԥٲंـζ໌Ι؏ϷݙШၶϚӣിސᓢڷ৤។ོϛন՞ҕ৤Ұޟཎొ(೨ђ݂1997ȃ 1998ȇनড়࿊1996ȃ2005ȇങ໪ස2002ȇങᓆᙴ2001ȇൖ۠᱙2002ȇनო࣡2002ȇү ύᇺ2005ȇᓀᐎࣟ2006)ȄϚႆᐌᡝՄِȂԤᜰѮᢊন՞ҕ৤Ұלԙᇄᙽᡐႆแޟᐣ ਢܒଆ፣ٮϚЊӻȄӰԪȂҏМၐყоন՞ҕ৤ҰӔ౪ޟفᜊୈ࣏Ϸݙк໅Ȃଆ፣Ϥ এਢ෈ޟᙽᡐņ௃Ԟ෈዁ጙ౅ᚕޟԁۉᢎ౴֕౪ȃऋᏰ፡ࢥ௴໱ڷفಛϷ᜸৤Ұȃ෥ ҕಛݽڷ໌Ͻ৤Ұਢ෈ȃΡ᜸ᏰंـᇄఊတϷ᜸৤ҰȃоЅߖԑپӻϯ৤ҰᆓၾڷՌ ר֕౪ཎᜋޟี৤Ȅ೻ٲ໦ࢲܒޟᡐϽȂΙП७ڧڗжࣨܒിސᓢี৤ॳዘޟኇ៪Ȃ ѪΙП७ζІࢎѮᢊޥོᐿ੫ޟᐣѬႆแȄ3 ആႆন՞ҕ৤ҰޟϷݙंـȂҏМ஠໌ Ι؏௤ଆ৤Ұधࡣਖ਼ЅޟၮМϽ኿ҏ௴໱ȃޣᜋᢎᘈȃӔ౪׬೚ȃڷޥོ᠌Ψᜰ߽ȇ ٮи௃ѪΙএُ࡙ȂᔮຜѮᢊിސᓢΡ᜸Ᏸޟᙽᡐᐣแڷี৤ПөȄ

Ιȃᇯᜋᇄ֕౪ȶтޱȷޟଔᘈ

৤Ұ࢐࡚ҳӵᇯᜋڷӔ౪ޟஅᙃϞΰȄᄇܻѮᢊন՞ҕޟᇯᜋڷ֕౪Ȃฒᅸ࢐Ѵ پ༖ΨᇄᇃᢊҏӴޥོߝ෈௥ញϣଢ଼ޟ๖ݎȄ௃ᐣѬМᝦၥਟџޣȂѮᢊন՞ҕӵ16 жकϞࠉϐငᇄ੕ΰືܾޱԃРҏΡȃϛ୽ΡڷՙࢷΡԤҺ඲௥ញȇ17жकଔ೉៌ ΡȃՙੲбΡȃڷϛ୽Ρ؁ച៉໌ΣѮᢊӴୢߝ෈ۨ՞ҡࣀȄծ࢐Ȃႆўᄇܻন՞ҕ ႆϧቄኺޟҡࣀȃԤ঺ٲϚӣတᡝڷМϽ੫ܒȂ࡞ЍԤفಛܒޟᇯᜋڷ଄ᓃȄΪΞж कϞࠉন՞ҕלຫޟڎᡝϽȂкौ࢐ആႆાڷ๋༈ႀȇԞ෈ዉࢸΡޟၽ଄ڷᅕΡޟॳ ߹ყю౪Ιٲජᛲন՞ҕޟყ჋Ȅ೻ٲყ჋Ⴍ࢑аࢲӴ֕౪࿋ਢѴپޱᄇন՞ҕۉॳ ౴߹ᢎࣼฐᘈȂٽԃᘸᓞȃਐപȃ෮ݬȃϓួԒଽ࢜ࡐȃЫҁᙑᐠȃஔᙄ้ȄσഋϷ 3_{఺̣̙࣎Т۞έ៉ࣧҝϔणϯГனล߱Ăдॡ۩คቢ˯ͅߍ˞έ៉ۤົതϔன΃̼۞፾} প።Ϋ࿅඀ĂΒ߁19͵ࡔ̝݈୻΃႔ˠ၆ࣧҝϔ۞̶ᙷࠧؠໄهă19͵ࡔ̚ཧέ៉ฟപ ޢለ࡚๕˧۞̬ˢᇆᜩă19͵ࡔϐഇͽޢ͟ώതϔ߆ع͔ˢ۞ன΃઼छ઼छ௚ڼԫఙă έ៉Ѝೇͽޢώ˿̼͛۞ؠҜ׶ᝋ˧ᙯܼඈĄ̙࿅Ă׎ፋវ൴णᔌ๕Ăᔘߏ੨Ъ඾͵ࠧ ّ۞౾ۏᐡྻજ͞Ш҃ொજĂּтଂ19͵ࡔϐ׶20͵ࡔܐഇ۞ᐖၗăމ៍ăࡊጯۢᙊ۞ ੠Ր׶ޙϲĂ҃΍ன۞˘گ౾ۏᐡ׶णϯࢲሗćז1980ѐ΃ޢഇͽֽĂૻአજၗăк ̮ăг͞ᄮТ׶ᝋ˧ᙯܼͅ࠷҃ࢉϠ۞Ω˘گ౾ۏᐡ׶णϯሤሗĄ

ජᛲޟყ჋Ӱ࣏ીмڎᡝಠ࿽Մᡗு዁ጙ᠖ಛȂߒ౪ю஼੨ޟкᢎӟຫڷ୑َĩყΙȃ ΠĪȄ4 19жकϛဨଔȂ఼ࡔ୽ಛݽήޟᇃᢊȂڧڗ़ݲᖒॖᏽఁޟኇ៪Ȃӵࡌഖ200ԑ ࡣᄇዉछӨ୽໠ܹȄ࿋ਢپѮࣂᎹȃင୦ȃܖ༈ఀޟՙПΡȂζച៉໠ۖᇄᇃᢊন ՞ҕ௥ញϣଢ଼ȄڏϛȂ1871ԑё਌σߝՂఀོࣂپѮᢊޟ಑Ι՝ࡇఀৱ଻୍(Lesile G. Mackay)Ȃт౏ΣѕѮᢊӴୢӨᆹဣ༈ఀȂ໷ၾܯྱᇄ௴໱኿ҏȂџᇳ࢐Ԟ෈໠ۖԝ ᙠ৤ҰѮᢊন՞ҕᏢސޟфߒܒΡސȄଶΟଢ଼ේސڷӴ፴኿ҏϞѴȂт௃ন՞ҕഋဣ ௴໱ޟМސȂѓࢂ೨ӻϚӣ᜸࠮ޟ኿ҏȂԃ݈ႺȃݡᏢȃҡࣀᏢҢڷ۠ఀҢڎ้ȇЎ ڏѓ֤೨ӻ౪ϬᜲுΙَޟѕഋڷݍѕഋҁনޟন՞ҕᏢސĩყέȃѲĪȄ5 ଻୍ෆငӵ షЫвࢻᏰஆਠ೩ҳΟΙ໢ω࠮ޟؽΡിސᓢȂ஠௴໱ޟ኿ҏМސങӖӵᓢϱȂୈ࣏ Ᏸҡΰ፞Ᏸಬޟ؅ਟȂζᡱ१ौޟ೤ࡊ୤ᢎȄ೻σ྅࢐ҬࠉܚޣᇃᢊശԞޟΙ໢ിސ ᓢȄ ԪѴȂтζၼҢΙٲዉछতᑹଔޟΡᆍᏰ྅܈پ၌ភѮᢊন՞ҕȄ଻୍࿋ਢϐင ݧཎڗѮᢊন՞ҕޟᡝ፴੫኉ᇄᅕΡԤϚЍ৯౴ܒȂᇄ଻پΡԤϚЍࣺխܒȇӣਢт ζཎᜋڗѮᢊন՞ҕϷ࣏ӻᆍϚӣᇭِМϽတᡝȇӰԪȂтӵᅕΡᄛҢޟҡฬ/ዣฬ Ϸ᜸அᙃΰȂ໌Ι؏ਲ਼ᐃӴ౩ϷշڷМϽޟ৯౴Ȃ஠Ѯᢊন՞ҕޟᆍఊϷ࣏ѲᆍϚ ӣ᜸տȈ(1)ۨ՞ӵՙഋҁনޟ “Sek-hoan” (ȶዣฬȷ)ȇ(2)ۨ՞ӵۣ៌ҁনޟ “Pe-po-hoan” (ȶҁৃฬȷ)ȇ(3)ۨ՞ӵݍ੕۬ۉ຀ҁনޟ“Lam-si-“Pe-po-hoan” (ȶࠒ༖ฬȷ)ȇоЅ (4)ۨ՞ӵόୢޟ“Chhi-hoan” (ȶҡฬȷ) (Mackay 1896: 93)Ȅ࿋ณȂ଻୍ࣨۡޟন՞ҕ Ϸ᜸ٮϚ࢐Ρ᜸Ᏸܚ኿ᄴޟऋᏰܒϷ᜸ȂՄтޟϷ᜸དݲζٮؠԤၼҢӵন՞ҕ৤Ұ ࿋ϛȄ௃଻୍ӵȮѮᢊል଄ȯ(From Far Formosa)ਪϛ੼ήޟΙࢲҡଢ଼ජक़Ȃџоσम ད჋࿋ਢషЫിސᓢޟങӖПԒڷൟශȈ Ȩ(റނᓔ)܊໔္ܫԖεໆޑԏᙒࠔǴхࡴӚᜪёаགྷډԖ፪ޑᅇΓǵѳ঵พǵ ܈ғพ٬ҔނࠔǶᙒࠔύх֖ԖӚᅿنෘǵੇᆟ܈࣑ྴǴ೿࿶ၸϩᜪ᏾౛٠Ԗᇥܴǹ ԜѦΨߥӸԖӚԄӚኬޑೂᜪکܲᙝ኱ҁǶځύଽႽޑኧໆӭډёа༞ᅈ΋᏾໔ቴǴ ќѦԖ઒ӃจՏǵے௲ሺԄҔڀǵ኷Ꮤǵၰγ೒ܺ฻ᆶଽႽ΋ଆඤٰޑܿՋǹаϷၭ ڀኳࠠکᏯݾ٬ҔޑݓᏔ฻Ƕ൳ঁξӦғพ೽ပޑܿՋӧ೭္ΨԖഋӈǹځύԖ΋ҹ 4_{ּтдȈ˛͵ࡔఈᜋˠဦည̚Ӕன۞ᄂ៉ࣧҝϔĂԛᄻ࠻੓ֽᙷҬ࡚߷˿඾Огщˠć} ҃Ȉˣ͵ࡔ઼̚ˠೡᘱ۞ᄂ៉ࣧҝϔĂԛᄻညߏ઼̚Ҙݑ͌ᇴϔ୉Ą

5_{ϫ݈੺ઌ۞ќᖟĂ͹ࢋܲхдΐो̂кࣖк۞ല͉ර࠱छ౾ۏᐡ(Royal Ontario Museum)Ă}

ყΙȁġIJĸжक೉៌Ρᛲყϛ֕౪ޟѮࠒӴୢ ন՞ҕظυĩŅŢűűŦųġIJķĸıĪ ყΠȁġIJĹжक఼ࣲᙛଓყϛ֕౪ޟѮࠒ Ӵୢন՞ҕظυĩയ࡯้ġIJĸĶIJĪ ყέȁġIJĺжकґ଻୍ܯីޟ౾၆ѕഋҁৃ ஏτĩŎŢŤŬŢźġIJĹĺķĪ ყѲȁġ଻୍௴໱ޟѕഋҁৃཱིৌॶႺȂ኿ҏ ౪ᙠܻё਌σෳЊ๼ࣲড়ിސᓢĩनড় ࿊ីȂijıııĪ

ΜւଯޑଽႽ(کךа߻܌ـޑଽႽֹӄόӕ)ǴќѦᗋԖځд᏾঺ޑᏔނԏᙒǴёа ӆ౜ғพғࢲय़ᇮǶ೭٤ܿՋԖޑߚத܁౦ǵԖޑзΓൿࠉǵԖޑᡣΓ্܂܈ࢂჇ ൾǴӢࣁསҢ๱ഁ᡿ޑኪΚکූሉǶԜѦǴᗋԖѤҹև౜ᅽᅟነಮѤᅿόӕғࢲय़ᇮ ޑჴᡏКٯΓႽኳࠠǴவόӕБӛᏉຎ๱ࡂϣӄඳǶځύ΋ঁفပࢂၰ௲ޑၰγǴي ऀ҅ԄޑआՅߏၰ೒Ǵ΋Ћ৾๱འႍєെߕيӧΓي΢ޑൾ៥Ǵ΋Ћ৾๱ᚎ០ନൾ ៥Ƕќ΋ঁفပࢂՕ௲ޑӀᓐکۘǴऀ๱སፃՅޑ೒ܺǴ΋Ћඝ๱ઓဃޑՕ࿶Ǵ΋Ћ ኧ๱Օ੧Ƕکۘޑჹय़ࢂय़ᇮӁൾޑξӦᘪᓐޣǴдޑ߻ᚐᆶΠᓏԖڈߙǴيᜐܫ๱ ҟǴު΢௹ङ๱ψጂǴဈ໔ଛԖߏΘǴѰЋඝ๱ό۩ڙ্ޣޑᎳᝧǶಃѤঁفပࢂ ΋ঁพ஁Ǵऀ๱চۈޑܺႬǴ҅ӧҔᙃѲᐒπբǴ൩ႽӧӴॺుξޑৎ္΋ኬǶȩ (Mackay 1896: 288-289) ௃ΰक़ජक़МԅȂרঈџоᕣ၌଻୍ٮؠԤ஠ন՞ҕᏢސधࡣࣺᜰޟᕗცڷМϽ ૕๜࿋ୈ֕౪ޟ१ᘈȄڏϛন՞ҕМސٮؠԤھۡޟങӖᘛܹПԒȂՄ࢐ᇄᅕΡޟ۠ ఀᏢސٮӖᚕങȇᐌএ৤Ұᢈкौ࢐Ι໢ԻސᚕങޟȶԁۉЖങӖࡉȷȄـڏনӰȂ џ૖ᇄ଻୍೩ҳിސᓢޟҬޟԤᜰȄਲ਼ᐃ଻୍ՌϏޟങक़Ȃт࣏٘ޏৱՄԃԪዥ௑Ӵ ໌՗኿ҏԝᙠ৤ҰȂкौҬޟ࢐࣏Ο༈ఀȇтᇯ࣏ആႆ֕౪ন՞ҕ܏౴ȃഏᢍȃኸΨ ้хΡ৛ܐვඌޟΙ७ȂџоᡱΡཱࣧΰࡔ(Mackay 1896: 291)Ȅᗶณтޟଢ଼ᐠџ૖Ԥ ތដܒȂծт໠ۖԤཎᜋӴ௴໱኿ҏȂٮ೩ҳിސᓢϴ໠֕౪ন՞ҕМސҢհ࣏Ᏸಬ ၥྛȇ೻ኺޟհݲ൷࿋ਢѮᢊޥོ௑ცՄِȂϐင࢐८ڼܒޟᐣѬഺᖞȄ

ΠȃऋᏰϷ᜸ᇄఊတלᇼڎᡝ৤౪

1895ԑȂ఼ࡔ୽஠ᇃᢊസᡱ๝РҏϞࡣȂᢎࣼᇄ֕౪ন՞ҕޟПԒ໠ۖю౪࡞σ ޟᡐϽȄРҏಛݽޱӵѮᢊ೻এཱིڥுޟ෥ҕӴ৤໠ΟΙفӖԤفಛȃԤॎหޟМϽ ፡ࢥώհȄԪਢȂРҏতᑹଔޟΡᆍᏰᇄҕఊऋᏰȂ׸ᅋΟ१ौޟُՓȄඁ՝ശԞ௃ РҏپڗѮᢊ໌՗ন՞ҕ፡ࢥޟӑ៮ޱȂԃӀ૖ოઐȃനۨᓸᙠȃڷිϘϞօ้ΡȂ ࢐Рࡣন՞ҕޣᜋᡝف࡚ҳڷԝᙠ৤Ұ໠৤ޟᜰᗤኇ៪ޱȄтঈӵ19жकґ౥ӑ໌Σ ᇃᢊόୢȂԤॎหӴ໌՗σೣ዁ᄂӴ፽ࢥȃٮиၼҢ೤ፙȃҤഏីኇȃڷސ፴МϽ௴ ໱้ཱིПݲȂ৤໠ಠᑶޟ଄ᓃڷंـȄтঈޟ፡ࢥԙݎȂࡣپငலԙ࣏෥ҕ՗ࢇޟ१ ौ୤ՃȇՄтঈ௴໱ޟন՞ҕ኿ҏМސȂζலҢୈ࣏Өᆍ৤។ϛᇳ݂Ѯᢊπ๿МϽ੫ ܒޟфߒސᜌȄ РҏپѮޟӑ៮ंـޱϛȂӀ૖ოઐᄇܻন՞ҕМϽཎຫޟל༭ኇ៪࣏ྃ౏ ሉȄтᛄܲ๿ȶΡ᜸ޟ౩ᏰȷڷȶऋᏰޟπ߹Ᏸȷंـޟ౩དپѮ፡ࢥȂ10ӻԑ໢

т໌Σ஠ߖΙԻӻএন՞ҕഋဣȂ௴໱ σ໔ޟМᝦڷοक़ѬਟоЅސ፴МϽ኿ ҏȄӀ૖ᆣӫᘪઽӨ᜸ၥਟȂඪютᇯ ࣏ಒӫऋᏰনࠌޟᇃᢊন՞ҕϷ᜸ᡝف ڷ ڼ Ӫ ȇ ೻ ࢐ ಑ Ι ԩ ҈ ક ߝ δ о پ ᅕ ΡಬҢޟݢຜܒȶҡฬ/ ዣฬȷϷ᜸Ȅ 1898ڷ1899ԑӀ૖ีߒޟϷ᜸ᡝفȂგ ϷϐᅕϽܖၶᅕϽޟҁৃন՞ҕΪఊȈ Kavarawan (Ꮸᅴ៌)ȃKetagalan (ഷႀ ਿ៌)ȃTaokas (ၾњ඼)ȃPupuran (Б Ҁܜ)ȃPoavosa (БҀᙡ)ȃPazzehe (Б ࠌ੕)ȃArikun (ߡ٨ۅ)ȃLloa (ᛳߡ)ȃ Siraiya (ՙܜ໯)ȃڷTtao (ၾ)้ȇоЅ ҐᅕϽޟন՞ҕΤఊȈAtaiyal (੎໯)ȃ Vonum (Ҁၻ)ȃTso’o (ႋ)ȃPayowan (௶ ᢊ)ȃTsarisien (ࢥցӑ)ȃPuyuma (ල׿ ᅴ)ȃAmis (ߡछ)ȃڷnatives of Botal Tobago Island (औᓞᔏπ๿)้ĩყϤĪȄ6 ೻ ΙৈϷ᜸ڼӪȂ࢐ശԞ໠ۖЕҢΡ᜸Ᏸ ᢎᘈڷПݲȂоߨݢຜܒӪᆎپୢგѮ ᢊন՞ҕఊတޟ᜞ࣨȄ᜸խޟϷ᜸࢜ᄺ ೝڏт፡ࢥޱڷ෥ҕ՗ࢇޱኄݿၼҢȂ ԙ࣏Рࡣন՞ҕಛݽᆓ౩ڷᏰ೚ޣᜋᡝ ف࡚ᄺޟஅᙃȄԪࡣᗶณΙٲΡ᜸ᏰڷᇭِᏰޱȂԃಋύυϞᙠ้(1935)ȃωύۦဎ (1942)ȃ଻ెݍΙ(1954)ȃπҤฅ(1991)ȃڷ؃Їࣰ(1992)้ΡȂࡻ៉໌՗Ѯᢊন՞ҕ ӨఊޟϷ᜸ंـȂٮᄇӀ૖ޟϷ᜸ඪюΟΙٲᔮଆڷওғȇծওғޟጒ൜ٮϚЊσȄ Ӏ૖ޟϷ᜸џᇳ࢐࣏Ѯᢊন՞ҕఊတ᜞ࣨל༭൨ۡΟശஅҏޟ਱࢜Ȅ ፡ࢥंـϞѴȂӀ૖ζᑖྃ໌՗኿ҏ௴໱ȃ৤ҰȃоЅിސᓢޟ೩ညೣგȄтк ौ௃Ρ᜸Ᏸȶސ፴МϽȷंـޟُ࡙юีȂ஠௴໱پޟސ፴МϽ኿ҏȂຜ࣏ڎᡝޟМ ϽौશȄӣਢȂтζငலࢅᒵڷϴ໠৤ҰΙٲלԒ੫੆ޟᏢސȂоԪୈ࣏एᡗఊတ᜞ 6_{Ͽਕ̶ᙷ۞୉ЩĂࣧ͛̚ߏͽ͛͟޸ࢰ۞͞ёො੃Ă͛ٙ̚Е୉Щܼඊ۰ॲፂ൴ࢰĂᖼ} ᛌࠎᘲ੺޸ࢰ׶ன̫૱ϡ۞႔ЩĄણ҂Ͽਕ1898aĈ304; 1899Ĉ127Ą ყϤȁġIJĺжकґӀ૖ოઐඪюޟѮᢊন՞ҕ Ϸ᜸࢜ᄺĩनড়࿊IJĺĺĹĪ

ࣨୢႤڷ৯౴ޟސ፴ಒဴȄ೻ᆍЙݲȂ ӵ1898ԑషЫᒁ௑ंـོ໠ᄍ৤។੕ൢ ڷ1900ԑБᏍ࿲୽ി។ོிᛲყϛџ о݂ᡗࣼюȄ1898ԑтӵҢন՞ҕӨఊ ظτޟ༃ҩቸઍྱаȂ୘ຮࡹԙΙ஻৤ ។੕ൢȇ1900ԑБᏍി។ོਢȂџ૖Ӱ ࣏ྱаϛӨఊΡސޟМϽୢᒱ੫ܒϚஊ ݂ᡗȂܚо੫Ӵײپหৱ१ཱིிᛲӨఊ ࣺᇼყȂٮёΰ݂ᡗڎԤຜឈୢᒱਝݎ ޟސ፴੫኉ȇٽԃ੎໯ఊظτܚᔜޟԼ ᆓᓏ߆ՆႺȃߡछఊظυᔜޟޟ༫לማ аѓႺՆႺȃҀၻఊޟᙑ߆૓௮ೡȃ௶ ᢊఊޟό፪бൾႺȃڠࠒఊޟᙑ߆ڃೡ ้Ȅᙤ๿ყϛڎᡝސ፴ಒဴޟୢտᄇ ШȂӨఊࣺᇼޟ৯౴؁఼඾Ӵ֕౪юپ ĩყϲĪȄ7 ೻ᆍആႆސ፴ڷყ჋ಒဴ࡚ᄺ ڷୢᒱন՞ҕМϽޟПݲȂࡣپኄݿၼ Ңӵ೨ӻ৤។ϛȂԙ࣏σಀᇯᜋন՞ҕ МϽ੫ܒޟஅᙃȄ ᖂϞȂӀ૖࿋ਢ௴໱ޟ኿ҏȂϚ ծొᇐтϷ᜸࢜ᄺϛӨఊတޟސ፴МϽኺҏȂζѓࢂޥོҡࣀϛٺҢޟӨᆍᏢڎȂԃ ҡཾҢڎȃ໽ॵҢڎȃ݈ႺȃၻڎȃݡᏢȃড়ࡐᏩݖȃᘸॶቈԒᏢސȃ۠ఀ߬ӉᏢ ސȃҺ඲൬ϭȃዅᏢȃڗ༞ԁ้ࠢ኿ҏȄᄇܻ೻ٲ኿ҏȂӀ૖ࣺ࿋ҢЖӴ߳੼ήپྛ ю೎ȃٺҢПԒڷ௑ც้ޟМԅܖᛲყ଄ᓃȂԙ࣏Рࡣ࣢ິޟၥਟȄӀ૖௴໱ޟσ໔ Мސ኿ҏȂଶΟഋϷଚ๝ݍٵിސᓢڷݍٵࡔ୽σᏰΡ᜸ᏰఀࡉѴȂ1908ԑтߕӱР ҏਢσ഍ၼӱ࢈໐ሉഏȄࡣپӀ૖ӵড়ԉਠ᜞ᇐΟΙ໢ȶѮᢊᓢȷȂடߞԆܹڷങӖ ೻ٲ኿ҏȂٮϴ໠๝Ԥᑹ፸ޟΡᢎࣼĩყΜĪȄ8 ϚႆȂ௃੼ήޟྱаၥਟپࣼȂӀ૖ޟ 7_{˟ૺέ៉ࣧҝϔ࠹ᄻဦညĂኛણ֍Ͽਕလ৏ 1898bĈסࢵဦĂͽ̈́έ̂ˠᙷጯրᖟݡ} Ō370Ą 8_{ॲፂ༊ॡĶέ៉ᐡķ۞ᖟݡϫᐂଯზĂϿਕ۞ᄂ៉ᇾώҌ͌ѣ400кІĂ׎ࣧ̚ҝϔ͛} ۏٙҫּͧ౵̂Ă෹࿅300кІćᅈ౎ξϲ౾ۏᐡ1995ĄϿਕќᖟ1926ѐॡజέΔޓ̂ Ķ˿ܸˠ჌ጯᓾळķି଱ொ̝̌̄ᖟ෴аέ៉Ăϫ݈̪ܲхдέ̂ˠᙷጯրౘЕވćࡧ छ༉1998Ą ყϲȁġIJĺııԑȶБᏍ࿲୽ി។ོȷ৤юޟѮᢊ ন՞ҕࣺᇼყĩѮσΡ᜸ᏰفᙠࠢĤĴĸıĪ

ȶᇃᢊᓢȷᗙ࢐ಗ౱Ӵਲ਼ᐃᏢސ࠮ڙܖ؅፴پങӖސ፴МϽ኿ҏȂٮؠԤ௴Ңт໠ഺ ޟఊတऋᏰϷ᜸࢜ᄺȇ৤Ұܚ֕౪ޟѮᢊন՞ҕМϽཎຫȂӵ᏿ᔠᛁᚕՄીЍ݂ጂપ וޟᏢސ௶ӖϛȂкौᗙ࢐ΙএልሉՄԤ࡟໠ϽޟȶтޱȷȄ

έȃ෥ҕ৤Ұᇄ౪ф୽ড়ಛݽ׬೚

Ӏ૖ოઐޟٽυȂ࢐РҏڥுᇃᢊࡣȂࢇݽಛݽԤفಛӴᇄন՞ҕंـ๖ӫȂо ߯۽ժᆓ౩ڷ௡ڙጒ൜ޟߑ෈໦ࢲȄ1900ԑфϞࡣȂᇃᢊᖂ࿜ۺ࣏Ο౏ΣόӴ໌՗໠ ีȂ೩ညΟ؁ӻন՞ҕࣺᜰ፡ࢥڷᆓ౩ᐠڙȂԃᖂ࿜ۺȶᇃᢊᙟᄛ፡ࢥོȷȃ౩ᒁ፞ ڷฬ୛ဍ้ȂۏଊӨሴ୿ंـޱӵѮᢊόୢ໌՗σೣ዁ޟ፡ࢥ௴໱Ȅ፡ࢥ௴໱ԙݎȂ ငலԊ௶ӵӨᆍ৤។ོϛөσಀϴ໠৤ҰȄਲ਼ᐃಛॎȂ௃1900ԑфଔՍ1930ԑфࡣ෈ ޟέΪӻԑ໢ȂРҏࢇۺᖞᒲޟӨ᜸σωി។ོȂ೿ӣ1908ԑԙҳޟᇃᢊᖂ࿜ۺിސ ᓢȂџᇳ࢐ߴٺন՞ҕ኿ҏМސ௴໱ڷ৤Ұ؁ёσ໔ϽڷᐠڙϽޟଢ଼ΨȄӵ೻ٲ෥ҕ ৤។ϛȂন՞ҕࣺᜰ৤ҰޟҬޟȂкौ࢐ആႆ৤Ұন՞ҕޟഏᢍȃဣࡣڷϚ໌ϽȂړ ཎᄇШ֕౪Рҏ෥ҕޱޟ໌؏ȃМ݂ ᇄ౪фϽਝ౥Ȅ 1900ԑଔȂРҏࢇۺ୤ᇄܖᖞᒲ ޟ Ө ᆍ ୽ ሬ ി ។ ོ ȃ Р ҏ ϱ Ӵ ി ។ ོȃܖޱࡣپӵ৬ϱᖞᒲޟѮᢊി។ ོϛȂ৤ҰѮᢊন՞ҕ഍࢐१ौՄڧ ᠍ ߔ ޟ ϱ ৠ ໶ Ҭ Ϟ Ι Ȅ ӵ ೻ ٲ σ ೣ ዁ȃ฻෈ܒޟოԑ๼Ԓ৤។ོϛȂন ՞ҕԙ࣏ϭಝѮᢊ෥ҕӴॳπސ౰ȃ ᐿ੫ΡᆍМϽڷఀϽี৤ޑݷޟശٹ ᚠ؅ȇٽԃ1900ԑޟȶБᏍ࿲୽ി។ ོȷȃ1903ԑޟȶσ٬಑Ϥӱϱ୽ᝎ ཾി។ོȷȃ1907ԑޟȶݍٵᝎཾി ។ོȷȃ1912ԑޟȶܥ෥ി។ོȷȃ 1910ԑޟȶগභР़ി។ོȷȃ1914 ԑ ޟ ȶ ݍ ٵ σ ғ ി ។ ོ ȷ ȃ 1 9 1 6 ԑ ޟȶक܈ۖࢇΠΪ໊ԑᇃᢊᝎཾӓ໌ ོȷȃ1935ԑޟȶۖࢇѲΪ໊ԑक܈ ᇃᢊി។ོȷĩყΤĪ้Ȃ഍ෆ೩ҳሳ ყΜȁġӀ૖ოઐӵሉഏ೩ҳޟȶᇃᢊᓢȷĩڏϛ ኿ҏ౪ᙠܻѮᢊσᏰΡ᜸ᏰفĪ

ڎೣ዁ޟȶᇃᢊᓢȷȂٮӵڏϛ৤юন՞ ҕޟΡᆍȃҡཾڷπ߹้Ȅ9 ೻ٲন՞ҕ ৤។ȂкौၼҢϷշყȃΡοಛॎၥਟȃ ࣺᇼྱаȃ՞ࡐ࡚ᑞ዁࠮ȂоЅȶπ߹ȷ ኿ҏԃ݈ႺȃၻڎȃॵڎȃዅᏢȃݡᏢȃ ೲᄌȃቈԒҢڎ้৤ࠢ(Ӏ૖1904)Ȅڏϛ ȶπ߹ȷ኿ҏޟ৤ҰȂкौϫ࢐оᏢސђ ૖ܖ᜸࠮Ϸ᜸ୈ࣏ങӖনࠌȂᆣӫܒӴ஠ Өఊӣ᜸ᏢސܹӵΙএᛋᘣ൐ϯϛ৤юȂ ਠ᜞ୋՄߣёΰЍ೨ᇳ݂МԅȄ೻ٲ৤ᘣ ϛޟᏢސ࣏ΟቨёᢎࣼਢޟຜឈਝݎȂင லೝ௶ӖԙԤ፸ܖ܏౴ޟלޑȇծӨএМ ސधࡣޟޥོ૕๜ڷМϽཎဎࠓׇӒೝ܇ ౱Ȅ10 ෥ҕ৤ҰϛȂ೨ӻনҏंـޱהఖ௴ ໱پᇳ݂ন՞ҕМϽᢎ܈ڷདݲޟސ፴М Ͻ኿ҏȂငҥᏢސޟಢӫ௶ӖПԒȂ༈ႀ ޟІՄ࢐ȶဣࡣȷڷȶ܏౴ȷޟຜឈଉ ਀Ȅ࣏Οߒ౪Рҏಛݽᆓ౩ڷ౪фϽ໠ี ޟ૖ΨȂ෥ҕ৤ҰငலяᡗѮᢊন՞ҕ ޟȶনۖȷלຫȂо߯ᄇྱᇳ݂Рҏ෥ҕࢇۺಛݽఀϽޟԙ൷ȂംᅚٺுѮᢊڷন՞ ҕ؏өМ݂໌ϽϞၯȄ೻ᆍཎყ࡞݂ᡗӴӵ1910ԑগභȶР़ി។ོȷ(Japan-British Exhibition)展示規劃報告中反映ȈȶӧΕαೀǴ೯ၰޑ΋ᜐܫ࿼๱ඔᛤচՐ҇ӧξഁ ᕉნύၸ๱চۈғࢲޑჴඳኳࠠǴќ΋ᜐ߾ܫ࿼๱Ѡ᡼Γ҇ӧૡ༜ύӼک኷཰πբޑ 9_{Ͽਕ1899bĈ36ă37ćć؀̡ϒ̣ࢡ1903Ĉ302ćϿਕ1904Ĉ76-83ć͡΍൶በ 1903ćࡧ} छ༉2005Ą 10_{ּт1905ѐ̂֫౾ᜓົ۞ĺέ៉ᐡĻćĶᏀˠ۞ࢴ׍ķᘊᕢ̚ĂЧ୉۞഼ટଵјѣԍᘙ} ԛĄĶᏀˠ۞ڠጡķᘊᕢ̚ĂЧ୉۞˥ଵј቏ԛඈĂᘊᕢय़۞ΐ˯͛фᄲځĈĶдѩ૟ Ч჌୉۞Ꮐ˥ᕚٸд቏ᐝԛ۞ߛ˯ౘЕć౵౤ბٸ۞ߏᙩႀᐝĄ˥ߏᏀˠ઱˘۞ڠጡĄ ͢˥̝γĂ׎΁ౌߏ႔ˠֻග۞Ąᗎߏ΁ࣇ౵ࢦෛ۞ڌҘĂѣॡӈֹो؍̄˵̙ਕആ ΃Ąν͞ߏଵ៉୉۞ᗎĄ˥ႀ˯གྷ૱ཆᘭᐝጀࠎ࿹Ă఺ߏܑၓ୭࿅ధкˠ۞݌೷ၷ᜖ ᇾϯĄ˫Ăѩဦνᙝᔘѣ࿊୉۞̕ϭ׶࠼ൕĂΠᙝߏ঍ฮ୉۞ᗎĄፂᄲᗎߏд̫֞ࡗ ˘Ѻ̣Ȉѐ݈νΠ̖ѣ۞Ă༊ॡ႔ˠᏀܸ੃ְ̚೩זĺϠᏀ่ጽܜ̕ϭ׶ᙩႀĂ҃ܧ૱ चُ৚ͫĄ᝘֍᜛൒˘ᓏĂಶٱᐝᅈ࿉ĻĄķć͡΍൶1903Ĉ56-57Ăࡧछ༉2005Ą ყΤȁġIJĺĴĶԑȶۖࢇѲΪ໊ԑक܈Ѯᢊി។ ོȷޟন՞ҕ৤Ұᢈĩᇃᢊി។ོٱ୛ ׋IJĺĴķĪ

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ѲȃᏰ೚ंـᇄఊတϷ᜸৤Ұ

෥ҕಛݽᇄѮᢊন՞ҕ৤Ұޟޢ௥஝ϸᜰᖒȂڗ1928ԑѮѕࡔ୽σᏰԙҳϞࡣ໠ ۖю౪ΙٲᙽᡐȄѮѕࡔσ೩ညޟȶπ߹ΡᆍᏰᖿ৴ȷ(౪ϬѮσΡ᜸Ᏸفޟࠉ٘)࢐ Ѯᢊ಑ΙܚоΡ᜸ᏰȂЎڏ࢐Ѯᢊন՞ҕఊڷࠒПҕఊंـȂ࣏кौҬ኿ޟடཾंـ ᐠᄺȄ1926ԑڧဒᝰგᖿ৴ޟಋύυϞᙠఀ௲Ȃ࣏ΟಣᑖΡ᜸Ᏸंـ؅ਟȂ௃ᝰരϞ ყΞȁġIJĺĴıԑфѮᢊᖂ࿜ۺിސᓢᒁఊࡉĩߧ УМΙॢIJĺĴĹĪ

ߑ൷໠ۖԤॎหޟԝᙠސ፴МϽ኿ҏȄтᒑՌڗРҏ஠Ӏ૖ԝᙠޟѮᢊᙠࠢີӱѮѕ ࡔσȇࡣپάച៉ആႆᗊີܖਖᜒޟᆓၾȂઽΣΙٲ१ौԝᙠড়Ȃԃ৞ύԩॢȃ৞ন භȃӀݍᄂȃݘό૵έ้ΡޟѮᢊন՞ҕМސᙠࠢȄӣਢȂтڷᖿ৴օЙ৞ҏ۽Ρᇄ Ᏸҡ଻ెݍΙȂζӵѮᢊӨӴޟন՞ҕഋဣ໌՗Ҥഏ፡ࢥȂٮ௴໱኿ҏڷ಑ΙЙ૕๜ ၥਟȄ೻ٲंـܒ኿ҏσӻ߳੼Οၶಠጝޟ૕๜ၥਟ଄ᓃȂѓࢂ௴໱Ӵᘈȃᆹဣȃਢ ໢ȃ௴໱ޱȃоЅࣺᜰђ૖ܖМϽཎဎ้Ȅᓍ๿኿ҏၥਟኵ໔ޟቨёȂѮѕࡔ୽σᏰ ܻ1934ԑቨׇ࡚ԙΙැ࡚ᑞސୈ࣏ȶπ߹ΡᆍᏰᖿ৴ȷޟߣ೩኿ҏങӖࡉȂடߞ߳Ԇ ڷ৤ҰΡ᜸Ᏸޟސ፴МϽ኿ҏĩყΪĪȄׇώࡣޟങӖࡉȂӵ1935ԑ4Тޟ໠Ᏸक܈Рᖞ ᒲ৤។ོᄇѴ໠ܹȄਲ਼ᐃ࿋ਢ৞ҏ۽ΡޟӱᏹȂ೻໢ങӖࡉࡣپԙ࣏σᏰϱΙএྃڧ ᠍ߔޟශᘈȂԤϚЍѴӴپޟᢎಀȂࣥՍ೿Рҏࣲࡉິఊ೤Ѯȃܖ࢐ন՞ҕڗѮѕᢎ ӎਢ഍ငலԊ௶پԪ୤ᢎ(৞ҏ۽Ρ1935ȇѮѕࡔσМࢇᏰഋѬᏰऋ1936)Ȅ ࣺᄇܻڏтࢇۺ՗ࢇᐠᄺкᏲޟন՞ҕ৤ҰՄِȂѮѕࡔσȶπ߹ΡᆍᏰᖿ৴ȷ ങӖࡉȂҥܻᗵ឴Ᏸ೚ᐠᄺȂо௰৤Ρ᜸Ᏸंـ࣏ॶौҬޟȂӰԪߨல஼፡֕౪ন՞ ҕސ፴МϽޣᜋޟࡊᢎܒȄ࿋ਢ೻ܚѮᢊ಑Ι໢σᏰിސᓢޟ৤Ұᢈ࢐೩ӵΙএߝП לު໢ϱȂо৤ҰᛋᘣϷႤ࣏ΠୢȄݍ୏ΙωഋϷ࣏ՃѠങӖୢȂࡸྱپྛӴୢ৯౴ ϷϚӣ൐ϯങӖүᏢȃπᏢȃ଼ᏢȃٔᏢȃΡ଼ȃү්้ȄڏᎷσഋϷ৤ൟު໢ࠌ࢐ ᇃᢊন՞ҕ৤ҰୢȂкौоఊတϷ᜸ୈ ࣏ങӖ࢜ᄺȂ஠1930ԑфπ߹ΡᆍᏰᖿ৴ ໌՗ȶଽँఊفಛܚ឴ंـȷࡣওғۡਰ ޟѮᢊন՞ҕఊတȂᖂॎѓࢂPangtsa (ߡ छ)ȃAtayal (੎໯)ȃSaisiyat (ᗉে)ȃTsuo (ႋ)ȃBunun (Ҁၻ)ȃPaiwan (௶ᢊ)ȃ Rukai (Ꮗഷ)ȃPanapanayan (ڠࠒ)ȃڷ Yami (໯छ)้ଽँΞఊȂёΰȶዣᒁȷҁ ৃఊ้ȂϷտ೩࣏ۡϚӣ৤ю൐ϯȄӨఊ ϷտࢅᒵΙٲфߒܒМސ኿ҏȂങӖӵϚ ӣᛋᘣϱȇٽԃ௶ᢊУᓏȃߡछഝ൧ȃ੎ ໯ٔੵ՘ȃҀၻᐍݖȃڷႋఊҪ՘้ȄѪ ѴȂ኿ҏങӖࡉٖංȂࠌ৤ҰѮᢊоѴޟ ၶσ࠮ҕఊᏰ኿ҏȂкौѓࢂΙٲڏтࠒ ПҕఊԃཱིඁϱٳޟБҀٳఊȃ຅ࡡᇽӀ ൲ଽఊ(Ifugao)ȃܖ੕ࠒ৬Ꮝఊޟ኿ҏȂ оЅжࣨӨᆍҕఊޟЩᏁ኿ҏ้Ȃհ࣏ҕ ყΪȁġIJĺĴĵԑᇃѕࡔσᏰπ߹ΡᆍᏰᖿ৴኿ ҏങӖࡉĩѮσΡ᜸ᏰفᙠࠢĤńĴIJķĪ

ఊᏰंـޟШၶ୤ՃȄΠԩσᏽϞࡣȂ೻Ι໢኿ҏങӖࡉᗶณငႆ௥ᆓȃ׽Ӫڷ᎐ಋ ้ӻԩ؁ढ़Ȃ౪Ϭᗵ឴ܻѮᢊσᏰΡ᜸ᏰفȂծ࢐৤ҰПԒڷ৤ൟॳਿϫณσमᆰࡻ ΜΪԑࠉޟ឴ܒ(ѮᢊσᏰΡ᜸Ᏸفጡ1955ȃनড়࿊1996)Ȅ 1945ԑଔȂҥܻࢇ᠌ᙽ඲ڷ୽ҕឩࢇۺ᎐ѮȂ೨ӻѮᢊҏӴڷϛ୽پѮޟᏰޱച ៉໠ۖёΣѮᢊন՞ҕंـሴ୿ȄԪਢ෈ސ፴МϽ኿ҏޟ௴໱ȃᐌ౩ȃंـڷ৤Ұങ ӖȂϫณ࢐ѮᢊΡ᜸Ᏸंـޱ஼፡ޟώհ१ᘈȄࣥՍȂᓍ๿ҡࣀᡐ᎐ڷΡတ௥ញϣଢ଼ ޟယ؏ёפȂ࿋ਢ೨ӻΡ᜸Ᏸޱ؁ёࡨफ़Ӵඪюȶ཭௿ȷޟοဴȂהఖᙤҥ኿ҏޟ௴ ໱ԝᙠȂ߳Ԇȶ։஠ȷӵࡨഀ౪фϽႆแϛੑѶޟন՞ҕМϽ(ᴖ໋Љ 1953ȇങۉ࿰ 1958)ȄζӰ࣏ԃԪȂσച᎐Ѯޟϛѵंـ଱Ȃ1956ԑӵѮᢊԙҳΟҕఊᏰंـܚȂ оंـѮᢊπ๿ҕఊМϽȂоЅϛ୽ѠфҕఊᇄЊҁࢷπ๿МϽ௥ញᜰ߽࣏кौҬ኿ ПөȄ࿋ਢ॒೰ᝰരҕఊᏰंـܚޟঞસᖐӑҡζೣგ೩ҳΟΙ໢኿ҏࡉȂٮ໠ۖ௴ ໱Ѯᢊπ๿኿ҏհ࣏ंـޟސᜌ(ϛѵंـ଱ҕఊᏰंـܚ1986)ȄӣኺӴȂҕఊܚ኿ ҏࡉϛޟѮᢊন՞ҕ৤ҰȂζ࢐௃Ᏸ೚ޟُ࡙юีȂ஠ސ፴МϽ኿ҏࡸྱఊတ൐ϯϷ ᜸ങӖȂ৤юΞఊଽόఊȂёΰҁৃఊȄϚႆȂҥܻंـПөޟ౱ཌ৯౴Ȃϛं଱ҕ ఊܚ኿ҏࡉϛޟѮᢊন՞ҕސ፴МϽ኿ҏȂ࢐ᇄϛ୽Ѝኵҕఊ኿ҏٮӖ৤юȂՄѮσ Ρ᜸Ᏸف኿ҏങӖࡉ࢐ᇄЊҁࢷӴୢޟࠒПҕఊᄇྱȄҥԪџޣȂ։ٺ࢐஼፡ࡊᢎᏰ ೚ޣᜋޟ৤ҰȂϚӣൟ୿ϛޣᜋ֕౪ಢӫޟПԒᗙ࢐Ԥ৯౴Ȃᢎಀӵ৤ൟϛຜឈᄇྱ ୤ՃޟᄇຫζٮϚࣺӣȄ ҥܻΡ᜸Ᏸ஼፡ؐΙএМϽ൐՝഍ԤϚӣޟี৤ᐣѬڷधශ૕๜ȂӰԪΰक़Ρ ᜸Ᏸंـᐠᄺߣ೩ޟ኿ҏࡉܖങӖࡉȂඁн഍௴ڥఊတϷ᜸৤ҰȄఊတೝᇯ࣏࢐ശ ڎᡝޟМϽ൐՝ȂఊတϷ᜸৤Ұζೝᇯ࣏࢐֕౪МϽᐌᡝܒശ౩དޟ৤ҰПԒ(ಋύ 1933ȇങۉ࿰1958)ȄϚႆȂᏰ೚ڥөޟ৤ҰȂᗶณڎԤၥਟಠጝᝒᙱޟᓺ༖Ȃծζ ᡗ౪юΙٲ୰ᚠȈ(1)ആႆ৤ҰڎᡝϽޟӨఊМϽ৯౴ȂٺுѮᢊন՞ҕგϷ࣏όӴΞ ఊڷҁৃఊޟ྅܈ംᅚቊϽۡ࠮ȇΙޢڗ2001ԑоࡣȂߝδоپฒݲᡐ؁ޟѮᢊন՞ ҕఊတϷ᜸ᡝفȂϗംᅚೝ҈કȄ13 (2)ӵΡ᜸Ᏸড়ಁϛȂন՞ҕҡ౰ȃᇧհڷٺҢޟ ᏢސȂฒ፣ڏᆍ᜸࠮ᄘ࣏դȂкौ࢐Ңپᇳ݂МϽ྅܈ڷفಛܒޣᜋȇݠ፬ন՞ҕᏢ ސޟछཐȂ࡞Ѝԙ࣏֕౪१ᘈȇζӰԪȂ೨ӻ୤ᢎޱӵ৤ൟཐڧڗޟкौ࢐ങᙟؕ१ ڷਢުঝ๖ޟМϽཎຫȂՄϚ࢐छڷඛਇޟཐڧȄ(3)ᗶณΡ᜸Ᏸ৤Ұ౴МϽкौ࢐ה 13_{1994ѐĶࣧҝϔķ˘ෟϒёϲڱ఼࿅јࠎέ៉ݑफᄬր୉ཏޢཱྀ۞௚ჍĄ2001ѐ੓Ăࣧ} ҝϔ˝୉̶ᙷր௚జχ৔Ăд˘ֱ୉ཏૻধ۞ϒЩࢋՐ˭Ă߆عౙᜈдѩޢᇴѐมϒё ᄮؠĶܖ୉ķ(2001)ăĶጧႳᜋ୉ķ(2002)ăĶ͉ጆᅦ୉ķ(2004)׶Ķᇩ؈඿ֲķ(2007) ࠎέ៉ࣧҝϔ̚۞˘୉ĂҌ̫̏ѣȈˬ୉Ą

ఖആႆंـڷၛភȂඈনӔ౪኿ҏधࡣޟМϽ૕๜ڷཎဎȇծ࢐σഋϷᏰ೚৤Ұҥܻ ު໢ڷငາ฻ીȂσ഍஠ᏢސᓍཎᘛܹӵᛋᘣϛȂٷᒦЍ໔Мԅܖყߒᇳ݂ȇӰԪȂ ֕౪юپޟଉ਀ငல࢐ᘞᙏ෤ጕȃϸസڷᓗᄘޟȂ࡞ᜲႀڗඈন૕๜ڷ֕౪ཎဎޟ౩ དȄ σᡝՄِȂ௃ᏽࡣڗ1980ԑфȂσ྅ѫԤѮᢊࣸҳിސᓢ(ࠉ࣏٘РҏਢфޟѮ ᢊᖂ࿜ۺിސᓢ)ȃѮσΡ᜸Ᏸف኿ҏങӖࡉȃڷϛѵंـ଱ҕఊᏰंـܚ኿ҏങӖ ࡉ้έএΡ᜸ᏰंـᐠᄺȂ࢐৤Ұন՞ҕМϽޟкौൟ୿Ȅ஠ߖέΪӻԑޟਢ໢Ȃڏ тിސᓢ࡞Ѝᖞᒲন՞ҕࣺᜰ৤។Ȅ೻ٲᏰ೚ܒޟఊတϷ᜸৤ҰȂആႆޣᜋ᠌ࡄՄം ᅚۡ࠮࣏ন՞ҕМϽ֕౪ޟڐጒȇӨఊМސೝ኿ҏϽӴႤᚔ௶Ӗӵ࣠ይᛋᘣᄺԙޟު ໢൐ϯϱȂ჋࢐ΙହହϚӣ᜸տޟፅፆܖᇚံ኿ҏȂࡊᢎȃվᓗȃԤપוծીЍҡ ڼȄ೻ኺޟ৤Ұ๖ݎȂຽᚔΡ᜸ᏰޱඈনӔ౪МϽ૕๜ޟ౩དߨலልሉȄӣਢȂҥܻ Ρ᜸Ᏸंـᐠᄺҏ٘ٮϚ࢐Ѯᢊޥོкࢺቋ঄֕౪ޟൟ୿ȂӰԪ؁ё஼Οন՞ҕМϽ ೝ᜞ጢϽޟཎຫȄ

Ϥȃൟ୿ӻϯϽᇄՌר֕౪ޟ໠৤

௃ѮᢊޥོᡐϽޟႆแپࣼȂ1960ԑфଔޟΠΪӻԑ໢Ȃџᇳ࢐Ѯᢊിސᓢ৤Ұ ڷΡ᜸Ᏸސ፴МϽंـ഍ୄᅗܖ૾ଝޟ໦ࢲȇΙП७ҥܻ୽ϱിސᓢငາྃીмȂѪ ΙП७ҥܻސ፴МϽंـംᅚಳᚔΡ᜸ᏰкࢺȄӣਢ౪фϽယ؏ёഀڷഋဣҡࣀלᄘ ׽ᡐȂٺுಒӫΡ᜸Ᏸޱ౩དޟȶ༈ಛȷȃȶઍᄂȷ኿ҏູپູᜲڥுȄӻᆍࢇݽȃ ငᔼڷᏰ೚Ӱશޟᆣӫኇ៪ȂߴٺѮᢊন՞ҕࣺᜰԝᙠڷ৤ҰȂԤ࡞ߝΙࢲਢ໢ඁߖ ୄႳȄޢڗ1980ԑфࡣ෈Ȃᓍ๿Ѯᢊငᔼࡨഀԙߝڷࢇݽ၌ᝒ໠ܹȂཱིඪюޟ୽ড় 12໶࡚೩ॎหޟМϽ࡚೩ॎหϛȂ஠ിސᓢᝰ࡚Ӗ࣏ี৤ПөȂϗ໠ۖю౪೨ӻཱི ޟിސᓢȃങӖࡉȃܖМϽ؆้σಀ৤Ұൟ୿ȄζӰ࣏ԃԪȂоҏπМϽڷন՞ҕ МϽ࣏кᚠޟࣺᜰ৤ҰᐠᄺȂ໠ۖσ໔ቨёȇٽԃȂѕ׹Мސᓢ(1984)ȃΞఊМϽ؆ (1986)ȃ୽ҳՌณऋᏰിސᓢ(1986)ȃѮᢊন՞ҕఊМϽ༪ୢ(1987)14 ȃ໷ઉѮᢊন՞ ҕിސᓢ(1994)ȃ୽ҳѮᢊѬࠉМϽിސᓢ(2002)ȂоЅ1980ԑфґ෈ଔച៉೩ҳӨ ᑪѿМϽϛЖങӖࡉ15 ้Ȅ 14_{఺࣎๩ડࣧώϤέ៉࠷߆ع؎੉̚δࡁտੰϔ୉ጯࡁտٙఢထࠎĶ̋г̼͛ՅķĂ1987} ѐϒёฟٸॡؠЩࠎĶᄂ៉̋г̼͛๩ડķĂ1994ѐצזĶࣧҝϔķϒЩྻજ۞ᇆᜩĂ ՀЩࠎĶέ៉ࣧҝϔ̼͛๩ડķĂனᔴᛳٺҖ߆ੰࣧҝϔ୉؎ࣶົგᔑć˵ЯࠎтѩĂ ϫ݈๩ડདϡ˞̙͌ࣧҝϔ̍үˠࣶĂТॡ˵ѣ̙͌ᄃࣧҝϔొར׶ဥវЪү۞ࢍ൪Ą 15_{1980ѐ΃ޢഇҌ90ѐ΃˯ΗഇĂБ઼ЧᎩξ̼͛؎ኛ૞छఢထĂనϲ˞ࡗ17ม૞ᗟপҒ}

೨ӻཱི೩ᐠᄺϛޟন՞ҕ৤ҰȂӰ࣏ ငາپྛȃೣ዁σωȃкौҬ኿ȃкᚠϱ ৠڷкौᢎಀᄇຫ഍ϚࣺӣȂ৤Ұޟᢎ ᘈȃ࠮ᄘڷЙݲζ໠ۖю౪ӻϯᡐϽȄԤ ٲ௴Ңкᚠܖ৤Ұ൬ϭϷ᜸Ԋ௶֕౪๖ ᄺȂԤٲоᏢސ᜸࠮Ϸ᜸࣏নࠌୢႤ৤ Ұ൐ϯ(ԃ݈ႺȃጡᙑȃУᓏ้)ȇԤٲ৤ Ұ஼፡Ᏸ೚ȂԤٲࠌ୑१σಀఀىȃ᛺೚ ݠ፬ȃ೽߹৏ዅܖᢎӎငᔼ้Ȅٽԃ1986 ԑׇώ໠ܹޟ୽ҳՌณऋᏰിސᓢȶѮᢊ ࠒ৬ҕఊ৤ҰᢈȷĩყΪΙĪ࢐ӵȶϛ୽ऋ ᏰᢈȷϱޟΙএ৤ൟȂкौоσಀܒऋ ලఀى࣏Ҭ኿ȇڏ৤Ұ֕౪ၮఊတܒӴ ௴ҢкᚠڷЙݲϷ࣏ඁএୢ༵Ȃкौѓࢂ ȶΣο៑჋ୢȷȃȶყߒ၌ᇳڷМԅȷȃ ȶᆹဣශᢎ዁࠮ୢȷȃȶΞఊኇ჋ୢȷȃ ௶ᢊఊүݖࡐ዁࠮ୢȷȃȶ໯छఊഅ಻዁࠮ୢȷȃȶӻ൬ᡝኇ჋ୢȷȃȶώ᛺ᇄ᛺೚ ᄂސ኿ҏୢȷȃȶРᐃਢ෈༃ҩྱаୢȷ้(೨ђ݂1998Ȉ136)Ȅ1994ԑؽΡӌཾ೩ ҳޟ໷ઉন՞ҕിސᓢȂШၶ஼፡Ꮲސछཐޟ֕౪ȂങӖ࢜ᄺкौࠌٷ৤ࠢ᜸࠮Ȃ஠ Өఊ኿ҏМސᆣӫϷ࣏ȶΡᇄՌณᕗცȷȃȶҡࣀᇄᏢڎȷȃȶ՘ႺᇄМϽȷȃڷ ȶ߬Ӊᇄಊቈȷ้൐ϯ৤юȄ2002ԑ໠ᓢޟ୽ҳѮᢊѬࠉМϽിސᓢȶѮᢊࠒ৬ҕ ఊᢈȷĩყΪΠĪȂࠌ๖ӫкᚠڷఊတϷ᜸Πᆍ࠮ᄘȂ௴ڥΙএఊတΙএкᚠ֕౪ޟП ԒȂၶ౏ΣӴϭಝငႆࢅᒵޟфߒܒМϽ७өȂٽԃȶҁৃఊޟఊတᜰ߽ȷȃȶ੎໯ ఊޟМϽӻϯܒȷȃȶ௶ᢊఊޟᆹဣᇄ࡚ᑞȷȃȶߡछఊޟڍܒϷώȷ้ȇȶ໯छఊ ޟ੕ࢷМϽȷȃȶڠࠒఊޟོܚڙ࡙ȷȃȶᏇഷఊޟҡॎПԒȷ้ȇоЅȶᗉেఊޟ ࿤᡹ಊȷȃȶႋఊޟᏽಊڷωԽಊȷȃоЅȶҀၻఊޟד೚ᇄᆠ᡹ᢎ܈ȷ้ȄШၶ୑ өӄ໣৏ዅڷੑາᢎӎհҢޟМϽ؆ܖМϽ༪ୢȂζӰ឴ܒڷҬ኿१ᘈޟϚӣȂՄԤ ᐡĂΒ߁آᜋᎩέ៉ᑚᆐᐡăૄษξঔ߶ᐡăέΔᎩ౜஭౾ۏᐡăॿ๩Ꭹ౬׍౾ۏᐡă າѻξࠟሬᘹఙᐡăࡺॷᎩ͢ᐎ౾ۏᐡăέ̚ᎩਨበপҒᐡăέ̚ξέ៉ϔܸ͛ۏᐡă ݑԸᎩѻᘹপҒᐡăၓ̼ᎩݑΔᐡপҒᐡăำڒᎩъᇁᘹఙᐡăလཌྷξࢠశ౜পҒᐡă έݑᎩ̼Ϯᐡăέݑξϔม็௚̍ᘹᐡă੼ฯᎩϩᇆᑚᐡăލڌᎩଵ៉୉ᐎגᐡăέڌ Ꭹ̋г͛ۏౘЕވă܅ቷᎩϮᐎᘹఙᐡăመസᎩঔ߶ྤ໚ᐡඈć׎̚ѣҌ͌ѣ5ă6มপ Ғᐡߏͽέ៉ࣧҝϔणϯࠎ͹ࢋ̰टٕొ̶̰टĄྤफ़ֽ໚ણ҂ܘ؄։1993Ą ყΪΙȁġ୽ҳՌณऋᏰിސᓢࠒ৬ҕఊ৤Ұ ᢈޟΣο៑჋ୢĩनড়࿊ីȂIJĺĺĵĪ

৤Ұ֕౪ΰޟ৯౴ȄٽԃȂȶΞఊМϽ؆ȷ࢐Ѯᢊ಑Ιএоন՞ҕМϽୈ࣏֕౪кᚠ ޟၽዅ༪ୢȂѺоज़඼ۊዅ༪࣏౩དȂ஼፡ᇧഅڷੑາ᠍ዅޟငᡛȇ༪ϛፒᇧ৤юޟ Ξఊ࡚ᑞᆹဣȂᇄዉࢸ৞ט߆༪ୢϛޟγᅭᗉ৞ڷরኈមዂȂоЅ᠍ዅжࣨϛޟ໴Ꭸ ॴٙڷҐپжࣨٮညȂඪټᢎಀפഀޟငᡛڷӻኺޟੑາᒵᐅȄࣺၶϞήȂȶѮᢊন ՞ҕఊМϽ༪ୢȷȂᗶณζ࢐оন՞ҕ࡚ᑞڷᆹဣॳᇼ࣏৤ҰкᚠȂծ೻এ༪ୢҥᏰ ޱ॒೰ೣგȂӰԪၶ஼፡ඈনȶׇᐌȷڷȶ༈ಛȷޟѮᢊন՞ҕ࡚ᑞڷᆹဣॳᇼĩყ ΪέĪȄϚႆ࣏Οቨёҕಀᢎӎਡၽޟᑹ፸Ȃ༪ϱζၼҢଢ଼ᄘᅈᇆߒᅋȃ360࡙ᕗלቑ ൟȃন՞ҕ༭჋ᓢȃώ᛺ఀࡉȃڷิό؏ၾ้ӄ໣ࣀଢ଼೩ࢊȄ ࿋ณȂন՞ҕࣺᜰ৤Ұൟ୿ኵ໔ޟቨёȂٮϚфߒ৤ҰᢎᘈڷڥөԤ࡞σ׽ᡐȇ ೨ӻ৤Ұϫณ֕౪ਢު૕๜ঝ๖ޟন՞ҕړݖӟຫȄ৤Ұϛন՞ҕޟُՓȂଶΟႭ࢑ ӵЍኵ৤ൟೝဒҢ࣏ώհޱܖҰጒߒᅋޱѴȂσഋϷζᗙ࢐ೝ৤Ұޟࡊᡝڷȶтޱȷ (೨ђ݂1998)ȄശߖΪඁԑȂڧڗΡ᜸ᏰІࣸࡦዘڷཱིിސᓢᏰᢎᘈޟኇ៪ȂΙٲി ސᓢζ໠ۖკၐएક৤ҰၛភޱҥᓢষܖंـޱкᏲޟ३ڙȂᗜ፜ন՞ҕᐊӈ੫৤๊ ৤ΡȄٽԃ1995ԑଔ໷ઉন՞ҕിސᓢۡ෈ᖞᒲȶᇄഋဣ๖ӫȷ੫৤Ȃؐԩ੫৤оΙ এఊတ࣏кᚠᗜ፜ഋဣఊΡᐊӈӓӣӫհ๊৤ΡĩყΪѲĪȇҬࠉϐᒲႆޟ৤ᚠѓࢂԃ ȶႋఊޟҡࣀжࣨșHUPAȃHOSAȃKUBAȷȃȶڠࠒ٠ᙄșҥᘸಊюีȷȃȶ௶ ᢊႀҟ៌ഋဣఀࡉȷȃȶҀၻఊΡငᔼࣀଢ଼МϽᡐ᎐ȷȃȶிेޟ࢈ٱș੎໯ࢗᙑ ώ᛺ȷȃȶᗉেБ඼ႀႣಊڐȷȃȶনۖ!!Ꮗഷఊޟ༈ಛМϽȷȃȶߡछఊޟҡࣀස ყΪΠȁġ୽ҳѮᢊѬࠉМϽിސᓢѮᢊࠒ ৬ҕఊᢈĩেᝋ޿ីȂijııĸĪ ყΪέȁġѮᢊন՞ҕఊМϽ༪ୢϱඈন१࡚ ޟ௶ᢊఊүݖࡐĩ׈жಈីȂijııĸĪ

ኋșࠒ༖ߡछΜယύޥȷȃȶ཮ᘛҀᒻȈ ੩پন՞ҕఊલᙑМϽȷȃȶಋଢ଼ޟഋ ဣș഍ѿᘎݓ၇ޟনᇆޱȷ้ȄڏтԃѮ ݍѬࠉМϽിސᓢζԤΙٲᇄޥୢ๖ӫޟ კၐȂԃ2002ԑଔച៉௰юȶپՌഋဣޟ ᖐॱȷڷȶӱᏹЮᒑޟᅈȷ้৤ҰȂ൷࢐ оন՞ҕ࣏ఄٱޱȂ֕౪࿋фন՞ҕഺհ ᛺೚ড়ڷ๿Ӫॱዅড়ޟ࢈ٱȄᗶณ೻ٲ੫ ৤σӻೣ዁ၶωȃਢ໢ၶ฻ȂԤਢ৤ൟ೩ ࢊϚࣥ౩དȂծѺঈಳᚔΟҕఊᏰԒޟࡊ ᢎȃվᓗՄ౵ᚔޟҳൟȂкᢎՄҡଢ଼Ӵߒ ႀᄇМϽ༈ಛܖ࿋фҡࣀដᚠޟᜰݧȇ೻ ٲᡐϽхΡԤՆҬΙཱིޟཐڧȂζߒ౪ю ন՞ҕ௃ၮМϽೝ৤юޟȶтޱȷᙽ඲࣏ ՌרၛភޱޟཎဎȄଶԪϞѴȂԤٲഋဣ அߜོܖఀོȂζкଢ଼ีଔޟΙٲ᛺೚ഺհڷҡᄘ߳ى৤ҰॎหȂٽԃҀၻഋဣޟѮ ᢊন՞ҕ࿋ф᛺೚ϛЖȃႋఊόछޥୢޟႀ্Ӏّҡᄘϴ༪ȃڷ੎໯ఊᚊՙൣޟҡᄘ ിސᓢ้Ȃ؁ԤཎყӴᐌӫڞ፡ഋဣȂ৤౪кᡝཎᜋڷМϽࣀΨȄ 1990ԑфࡣ෈ȂӴПിސᓢޟ࡚೩ӵᇃᢊࡻ៉ีᐶȂন՞ҕӨ໐ᚊζિિ໠ۖތ ڥငາȂӵഋဣϱ࡚ҳിސᓢȄശߖΪԑ໢ȂӒ୽ӨӴᖂॎ೩ҳΟ஠ߖ40໢ন՞ҕഋ ဣിސᓢܖМސᓢĩყΪϤȃΪϲĪȄ16 ೻ٲിސᓢඁн഍೩ညӵন՞ҕޟᆹဣϱȂޢ ௥ኇ៪ഋဣҡࣀጒ൜Ȅ೨ӻন՞ҕনҏ෈࡟ഋဣിސᓢޟ೩ҳȂ૖ஊႀڗߴ໌ӴПᢎ ӎȃี৤ငᔼ౰ཾȃ߳Ԇ༈ಛМϽڷᏗᆹఊတᇯӣཎᜋ้ӻ१ҬޟȄϚႆȂ೨ӻഋဣ ിސᓢҥܻӴᘈ୑ሉȂΡዘϚܾᆹ໱ȇՄиിސᓢᆓ౩ᐠڙငலฒݲᇄনԤޟഋဣಢ 16_{Ҥࢍ2::1ѐ΃ޢഇҌ̫Бέ៉̂ࡗјϲ૟ܕ311มг̼͛͞ᐡć׎ࣧ̚ҝϔ͛ۏᐡࡗѣ} 51มĂΒ߁тέΔᎩনֽ঍ฮϔ୉౾ۏᐡćॿ๩ᎩೇᎸฏ۞ᘲঙՅ঍ฮᖐο͛ۏᐡă፨ ̥Յ঍ฮϠ߿͛ۏᐡăˬϔՅૄ઼ࠁᖞିૅ͛ۏᐡćࡺॷᎩݑᡫฏ۞ᔈआϔܸ͛ۏᐡć آᜋᎩݑ፫ฏ۞঍ฮ͛ۏᐡă̂Тฏ۞঍ฮ୉౾ۏᐡć܅ቷᎩРщฏ۞ܠ࡚͛ۏᐡăု ᖳฏ۞ࣧҝϔ͛ۏᐡăսڒฏ۞͉ጆᅦ঍ฮ̋г͛ۏᐡćݑԸᎩ̥ຑฏ۞ዶϠࡔهᐡć ੼ฯᎩϥ΅ฏ۞̈ڒπं୉͛ۏᐡăॿ໚ฏ۞οྺ୉͛ۏᐡăˬϔฏ۞ࣧҝϔ͛ۏᐡć ލڌᎩհ̜ฏ۞ࣧҝϔ̍͘ᘹ͛ۏᐡă໽̄ฏ۞͛ۏౘЕᐡăᙳέฏ۞ጆ౶୉͛ۏᐡć έڌᎩјΑᗉ۞ࣧҝϔ͛ۏᐡăঔბฏ۞οྺ୉͛ۏᐡăؼπฏ̰ώ౩Ϡ߿̼͛ᐡăᜋ ᑎ͛ۏᐡඈĄ ყΪѲȁġ໷ઉন՞ҕിސᓢȺᇄഋဣ๖ӫȻ ੫৤˕Ꮗഷ੫৤ĩᅪᝉ⩹ីȂijııijĪ

ᙑ๖ӫȂഅԙন՞ҕ୤ᇄٺҢޟᐠ౥ٮϚଽȄӣਢȂ೨ӻӴПࢇۺฒݲඪټᕊၼငາ ܖിސᓢᄂ୛׬೚ޟڞօȂӰԪഅԙ೨ӻഋဣിސᓢᗶณ࡚ᑞ੉ࣂछᢎȂծԝᙠȃ৤ Ұܖᕊၼ้ώհࠓҐ૖଩ӫีථђ૖ȄϚЍിސᓢဣԙϞࡣ༉૖ࠎ஼໠ߞᄞషငᕊȂ ࣥՍԤٲߝ෈ᜰߞȂԙ࣏ᗖ፣׳ຟޟȶ૶υᓢȷܖȶ૶ᇆᓢȷȄߖپԤٲഋဣിސ ᓢȂ໠ۖоடਰॎหПԒȂތڥၼҢԤ३ޟငາڷΡΨȂೣგԊ௶ΙٲڎԤՌרᢎᘈ ޟ৤ҰȇٽԃөЈ෹ᗉেҕ߹Мސᓢ৤ᢈޟۗЪᕓȂоЅ੕ᆒ໐ҀၻМސᓢ2005ԑᖞ ᒲޟȶ଄ᏹᆍේņഋဣኇ჋ӱ៫৤ȷ੫৤้ȂџоࣼюӴПޟֆΨڷഺཎȄᗶณ೻ٲ ഋဣിސᓢޟี৤ᗙҐԙዣȂ೨ӻ୰ᚠᗙӵᄥષ၌ؚȇծ࢐ᄇܻѮᢊിސᓢၼଢ଼ڷࢇ ݽُΨПөޟᡐϽՄِȂࠓڎԤࡾ኿ܒޟཎဎȄҬࠉޟΙٲҭࣽڷ֨ᜲȂܖ೨џоᡱ σড়؁໌Ι؏ࡦՃിސᓢᇄഋဣޟᜰ߽ȂоЅ৤Ұڷᕊၼ҆໸७ᄇޟΙٲᄂ୛୰ᚠȄ

ϲȃ๖ȁȁᇭ

ᔮຜႆўΙԻӻԑپѮᢊন՞ҕ৤ҰޟᡐϽȂџоَࣼϚӣਢު૕๜ήΡ᜸Ᏸȃ ിސᓢڷন՞ҕϞ໢ޟଢ଼ᄘϣଢ଼ᜰ߽ȇڏϛਖ਼ЅѴپޱᄇন՞ҕޟԁۉᢎ౴ȃ୽ড়ಛ ݽЙݲޟၼҢȃڷΡ᜸Ᏸޱޟޣᜋ࡚ᄺȂζІࢎন՞ҕޥတޟُՓڷ՝ညȄ৤Ұϛ࡚ ᄺޟন՞ҕཎຫȂҥ܏౴џܐޟഏᢍΡȃ࡟໠Ͻޟπ๿ȃМϽࢺѶޟଽόఊȃڗМϽ ࡻ៉ޟѮᢊন՞ҕȂю౪Ϛӣלᇼฐᘈޟᙽ඲Ȅ17 ҥࠉ७ޟଆ፣џޣȂন՞ҕ৤Ұୈ ყΪϤȁġijııijԑဣԙޟऻਸөЈ෹ᗉেҕ߹ Мސᓢĩनড়࿊ីȂijııĵĪ ყΪϲȁġඈᑹ໐੎໯ᙑҀώ᛺Мސᓢ৤ Ұᢈĩनড়࿊ីȂijııķĪ

࣏Ιᆍ੫੆᜸࠮ޟӔ౪ൟ୿ڷޥོ౰ސȂڏᙽלᡐϽ࢐ΡတȃᏢސȃޣᜋᢎ܈ڷ᠌Ψ ᜰ߽ӵϚӣਢު૕๜ήҺϣၼհޟ๖ݎȄڏϛІৢᡗ౪ޟ୰ᚠȂкौџоᘪઽ࣏Πএ ቹ७Ȅ Ιএቹ७࢐ᜰܻӔ౪ޟ୰ᚠȂЎڏ࢐Ӕ౪ࢇݽ(politics of representation)ڷڎᡝϽ (objectification)ޟ୰ᚠȄ৤ҰӔ౪࢐ӵޥོ࢜ᄺΙᆍԤཎყޟ՗࣏ᐇհȂആႆڎ჋ಒ ဴୈ࣏ȶຜឈୢᒱȷ(visual distinction)ฐᘈȂ࡚ᄺᢎಀޟငᡛܖӟຫȂٮຫ኉ܒӴߒ ႀቋ঄ڷཎဎ(Alpers 1991; Baxandall 1991; Hall 1997)Ȅҥܻڏႆแਖ਼Ѕфߒސޟڥ ுȃਘҢȃڷᒵᐅȂζሯौငႆԊ௶ޱޟಢӫᇄ๖ᄺȂӰԪ҆ۡ౞ਖ਼ࢇݽငᔼޟၼհ ᜰ߽ȄѪѴȂӔ౪ޟ׬೚Ȃζᄇڎᡝ֕౪ޟ๖ݎڎԤ१ौኇ៪ȇٽԃങӖޟПݲȂـ ത࢐ၼҢ࣠ይᘣങӖȃ໠࢜Ԓ৤Ұȃ௑ცඈন዁࠮ȃ༭჋ܖ៑჋ȃઍΡ৤ᅋȃኇॱӻ ൬ᡝȃܖᐌᡝܒޟቊϽঝ๖ܖҡଢ଼ࣀዑཐڧ้Ȃ഍џ૖അԙ୤ᢎငᡛڷ଄ᏹޟ౏ړኇ ៪Ȅ ѪΙএቹ७࢐ԤᜰМϽ፭᠌(cultural empowerment)ޟ୰ᚠȄ1980ԑфо६Ȃڧڗ Ӓ౨ിސᓢІࣸᖐ੏ޟኇ៪Ȃ౴МϽԝᙠ৤Ұᗴ֤ޟϚᄇᆎ᠌Ψᜰ߽ڷၮࣨਘҢҏ፴ ູپູڧ१ຜȇᄇܻ৵༖ఊတޟ१ཱི፭᠌Ȃζԙ࣏σড়ᜰݧޟដᚠȄ18 Ӱᔖ୽ሬॳዘ ڷ୽ϱࢇݽҡᄘޟᙽᡐȂ1990ԑфଔȂ೨ӻѮᢊন՞ҕޥတംᅚ໠ۖڗӨএിސᓢ൶ ײႆўޟМސၥਟȂٮᑖྃތڥޥୢี৤ငາڷၥྛȄࠉ७ඪڗ৤ҰӻϯϽޟี৤ȃ ഋဣിސᓢޟᑹ࡚ڷՌר৤ҰޟკၐȂ഍࢐ӵԪ௑ცήޟΙٲӱᔖȄ࿋ณȂন՞ҕᇄ ിސᓢޟཱིᜰ߽Ȃֶ๿ፒᚕՄӻቹԩޟఊတᇯӣȃငᔼ౰ཾڷМϽᢎӎี৤ȃоЅࢇ ݽᐇհ้ଢ଼ΨȂ࡞ᜲײڗᙏ൐Մׇछޟ๎ਰȄծ࢐Ȃ७ᄇႆўߝ෈оپ৤ҰӔ౪ൟ୿ ޟ᠌ΨϚҁ้౪ຫȂԃդቨ໌σಀᄇন՞ҕ৤Ұҏ፴ޟᕣ၌ȃࡦՃন՞ҕՌרߒႀ ޟཎဎȂܖᜰݧন՞ҕၼҢႆўМϽᒸ౰Ȃ۽ժ଄ᏹȃ࡚ᄺᇯӣڷഺഅࢇݽငᔼΨ ໔้ដᚠȂ഍ሯौԤ؁ӻޟଆ፣ڷ՗ଢ଼(Ames 1992; Belcher 1991; Brown 1990; Cassia 1992)Ȅ ᖂ๖ՄِȂ৤Ұϛޟন՞ҕȂฒ፣࢐ୈ࣏ᄇຫޟȶтޱȷܖ࢐кଢ଼ޟȶרတȷȇ ֕౪ޟ৤ࠢฒ፣ೝຜ࣏ۉ࣢౴ސȃՌณѬ኿ҏȃ᛺೚ࠢȃМϽᏢސȃܖ࢐ᇯӣಒጆȂ ഍ӵ੫ۡਢު௑ცڷၥྛనӇή֕౪ഋϷཎဎȄԃӣҕఊᇬޟਪቸӔ౪Ȃ৤ҰӔ౪ζ 17 णϯ̚၆έ៉ࣧҝϔ۞ჍײĂ።གྷĶ൫୉ķăĶ੼ࡀ୉ķăĶ੼̋୉ķăĶ̋гТ ࡪķăĶ˿඾ϔ୉ķăזĶࣧҝϔķ۞Լតćࣧҝϔ̶ᙷĂ˵ଂϠ൫0ሢ൫ăז̱୉ă ˣ୉ă˝୉Ăזன̫ᔘ޺ᜈдត̼̚۞Ȉˬ୉Ąࣧҝϔ۞֗Њ֎ҒĂ˵ଂజજ൑ᓏ۞ Ķ΁۰ķഈШ͹જ൴ᓏ۞ĶҋԧķॗொĄ 18 ѣᙯणϯГன࿅඀̚ᝋ˧̙πඈ۞ͅ࠷׶̼͛ኬᝋᙯܼ۞੅ኢĂኛણ֍Cole 1985; Nichols 1989; Warren 1989; Fuller 1992; Clifford 1994; Gosden 2001Ą

࢐ӻϯиџތ፣ޟȄؠԤΙᆍ৤ҰџоׇᐌӴӔ౪МϽӒᇼȇծ঄ு൶ؑޟ࢐ಠᑶޟ ᄇၗȂоЅᐭᕝюޟ౏ړࡦՃڷཐڧȄ۽ժᛳ៌Б੫(Roland Barthes)ᄇಒဴཎဎޟ၌ ភȂרঈџоᇳȈ৤ҰޟཎဎȂٮϚ࢐پՌܻଉ਀ᄇຫȂՄ࢐پՌܻᡗ៩ଉ਀ޟПԒ (Barthes 1989[1957])ȄѮᢊন՞ҕ৤ҰܚᡗҰޟζϚ༉࢐ন՞ҕȂᗙѓࢂѮᢊിސᓢ Ρ᜸Ᏸޟี৤ᐣแȂоЅ৤ҰӔ౪ႆแϛ࡚ᄺޟપוȃቋ঄ڷ᠌Ψᜰ߽Ȅ࿋ณȂ౩၌ ৤ҰӔ౪ޟҏ፴ϞࡣȂԃդၼҢϚӣ׬೚҈કন՞ҕ৤ҰޟᓗᄘቊϽӟຫȂԃդᡱ؁ ӻᖐॱ૖ஊ๖ӫ֕౪؁ᙴ൲ଢ଼ᄘޟМϽ७ᇼȇоЅԃդᡱിސᓢၥྛڷМϽၥ౰૖ᄇ ন՞ҕМϽ۽៉ีථ؁ᑖྃғ७ޟհҢȂᔖ၎࢐ҐپിސᓢڷΡ᜸Ᏸሯौ؁ёᜰݧޟ ដᚠȄ

୤ՃਪҬ

ωύۦဎ  1942  Ȳ᥎ᦝᥳ᥷ᥡ᥌ᇭᤢܻ᥂Ѯᢊଽँఊᤥ՝ညȳȂȮЊҁࢷ୼ȯΰڢȈ451- 503Ȅ༁ؾఃឍ1993: 338-380Ȅ πҤฅ

 1991  Ȯҁৃఊ፝ᇭंـᚕ଄ȯ(Miscellanies of Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Formosa)Ȃpp.146-179ȂݍٵσᏰМᏰഋᇭِᏰंـࡉȄ ϛѵंـ଱ҕఊᏰंـܚ  1986  ȮΡ᜸Ᏸড়ޟിސᓢȯȄѮѕȈϛѵंـ଱ҕఊᏰंـܚȄ Тюืጡ  1903  ȮѮᢊᓢȯȄѮѕȈ಑Ϥӱϱ୽ᝎཾി។ོѮᢊڞᜓོȄ дགྷό  1992  Ȳിސᓢҕఊᇬޟ྅܈ᇄПݲȈঙЅᇃᢊΡ᜸Ᏸിސᓢޟߑ؏ᔮଆȳȄ ȮᇃᢊѬҤഏंـ೽ଉȯ24: 76-109Ȅ үύᇺ  2005  Ȯ෥ҕఀϽᇄȶҐ໠ϽȷཎຫޟӔ౪șоѲএി។ོ࣏ٽȯȄ୽ҳѮᢊσ ᏰΡ᜸Ᏸفंـܚᆈρ፣МȄ ѮѕࡔσМࢇᏰഋѬᏰऋ  1936  ȮѮѕࡔ୽σᏰ໠ᏰԒक܈৤។ҬᓃȯȄѮѕࡔσМࢇᏰഋѬᏰऋȄ ѮᢊσᏰΡ᜸Ᏸفጡ  1955  Ȯ୽ҳѮᢊσᏰМᏰ଱ՃѠΡ᜸Ᏸف኿ҏങӖࡉങӖࠢᇳ౱ȯȄѮѕȈ୽ ҳѮᢊσᏰȄ

٬ΰᆋΙጡ  1939  ȮѮᢊᖂ࿜ۺിސᓢഺҳέΪԑक܈፣М໱ȯȂѮᢊിސᓢڞོȄ ӈ੕  1993  ȲിސᓢЅڏᄇᇃᢊন՞ҕМϽޟᇧഅȳȂȮό੕МϽȯ1: 29-35Ȅ ӡَ߸ࠚ  1992  Ȯി។ོᤥࢇݽᏰȯȄݍٵȈϛѵϴ፣ޥȄ Ӏ૖ოઐ  1898  ѮᢊߦܻߌࠆӨᒁఊߩϷշȂȺѮᢊ೽߬಑22ӱȻȂȮݍٵΡ᜸Ᏸོᚕ ᇬȯ146Ȃ1898/5Ȅ  1898b  ᒁ௑ंـོ໠ᄍԒ৤។Ȃᒁ௑ंـོᇬȂ಑Ι෈Ȃᒁ௑ंـོȂڢॶყɍ 302Ȅ  1899  Ѯᢊ᥵ܻࠤ࡞ȶࡌࠗࡐȷఊࡁ྅ᄆȂȺѮᢊ೽߬Ȼ಑28ӱȂȮݍٵΡ᜸Ᏸ ོᚕᇬȯ154: 126-136Ȅ  1910  ȲР़ിᤢܻᤈ᥂ѮᒁȳȂȮݍٵΡ᜸Ᏸོᚕᇬȯ಑26ڢ಑297ဴȈ125Ȅ  1904  Ȳॳ߹ΰ᤿᥁َᤖ᥂Ѯᢊᓢȳĩ1Īĩ2Īĩ3Īĩ4Īĩ5ĪȂȮѮᢊᄛಬ଄ٱȯ಑2ڢ಑6 ဴȈ76-83ȃ7ဴȈ77-85ȃ8ဴȈ75-80ȃ9ဴȈ86-89ȃ10ဴȈ79-83Ȅ ᴖ໋Љ  1953  Ȳҏف኿ҏԝᙠᙏѬȳȂȮ୽ҳᇃσՃѠΡ᜸ᏰѐȯȂ1: 16-22Ȅ ؃υჿ  2006  ȲᙠࠢᐣѬᇄ৤ҰࢇݽȈѮᢊᖂ࿜ۺിސᓢԝᙠᇄ৤ҰޟҡڼѬȳȄȶѮ ᢊᐣѬᇄМϽ୽ሬོដ፣МȷȂ2006/5/29-30ȂМϽᖂོȃᇃᢊᐣѬᏰོ кᒲȂॲ113-142Ȅ ؃Їࣰ  1992  ȲѮᢊࠒ৬ҕఊޟ᎐ಋᐣѬș௃ᇭِၥਟЅ౪ຫܚୈޟ௤ଆȳȂȮϛѵं ـ଱ѮᢊѬҤഏंـ೽ଉȯ22: 23-30Ȅ ؃һ༪  1992[1986]  ȲΡ᜸Ᏸড়ᇄтޟിސᓢȳȂԝᓃܻȮМϽޟყ჋ĩΰĪȯȄॲ137- 143ȄѮѕȈϰ఑Ȅ ߧУМΙॢ  1938   ȲѮᢊᖂ࿜ۺിސᓢέΪ໊ԑक܈Рᤢ࿋᥁ᤝȳȂȮऋᏰߩѮᢊȯ6(4): 1-4Ȅ ߙۅي  1993  Ȯҕ୽ΤΪΙԑѮᢊ᛺Мࣀଢ଼ຟեൢ֙ȯȄ՗ࢇ଱МϽ࡚೩ۏষོȄ

ہϢғϤॢ  1903  Ȳ಑Ϥӱϱ୽ᝎཾി។ོϞΡ᜸ᏰȳȂȮݍٵΡ᜸ᏰོᚕᇬȯȂ಑206 ဴȂ301-302Ȅ ٷ඼ۄႀᓓݘԊ٥Ҁ  2003  ȲࡏᡝܖᄂᡝȉоҀၻఊωԽҤᘸൟޟᢎ܈ࣼҀၻഋဣѮᢊন՞ҕ࿋ф᛺ ೚ϛЖᇄΙૡിސᓢȳȂȶ׳րȃІࣸᇄᄂ፺șԻԑپѮᢊിސᓢޟন՞ ҕМϽ৤౪፣ᏫȷȂ୽ҳѮᢊѬࠉМϽിސᓢȄ नড়࿊  1996  Ȳ௃ҕఊᏰंـڗ౴МϽ৤ҰȈҥѮσΡ᜸ᏰفȺন՞ҕސ፴МϽȻ੫৤ ፙଔȳȂȮ୽ҳѮᢊσᏰՃѠΡ᜸Ᏸѐȯ 51: 148-171Ȅ  1998  ȲӀ૖ოઐޟᇃᢊন՞ҕंـᇄސ፴МϽԝᙠȳȂԝᓃܻनড়࿊ȃ஬Ӏ៌ кጡȂȮᇃσΡ᜸ᏰفӀ૖ᙠࠢंـȯȂॲ37-65  2001  Ȳ଻୍ԝᙠᇄᇃᢊন՞ҕӟຫȳȂԝᓃܻȮ଻୍ിρԝᙠѮᢊন՞ҕМ ސșؕ஛Իԑޟ੕Ѵᒸ࣢ȯȂॲ66-74ȄѮѕȈ໷ઉѮᢊন՞ҕിސᓢȄ  2004  Ȳി។ོᇄѮᢊন՞ҕș෥ҕਢ෈ޟ৤ҰࢇݽᇄȶтޱȷཎຫȳȂȮ୽ҳ ѮᢊσᏰՃѠΡ᜸ᏰѐȯȂ62: 3-39Ȅ  2006  Ȳڐᙠᇃᢊސ፴МϽȈ௤ષΪΞжकҕఊᏰ኿ҏІࢎޟᇃᢊཎຫȳȂȶᇃ ᢊᐣѬᇄМϽ୽ሬོដ፣МȷȂ2006/5/29-30ȂМϽᖂོȃᇃᢊᐣѬᏰོ кᒲȂ5/29-30Ȅ नო࣡  2002  Ȯിސᓢᇄন՞ҕМϽӔ౪ș໷ઉন՞ҕിސᓢഋဣ๖ӫ੫৤ϷݙȯȄ୽ ҳѮᢊৱጒσᏰޥོఀىंـܚᆈρ፣МȄ ৞ҏ۽Ρ  1935  Ȳཱི၆ᤥѮѕࡔ୽σᏰᤥπ߹ΡᆍᏰंـࡉЅᤪ኿ҏࡉᤥ྅ᢎȳȂȮᥳᦕ ᦋᦝȯȂ4(1): 32-34Ȅ ଻ెݍΙ  1974[1954] ଽँఊ࠰ಋଢ଼ࠇࡊ࠵ϷշȂনѐܻȮҕఊᏰंـȯ18ĩ4ĪȂࡣԝܻȮ଻ ెݍΙ๿հ໱ȯ಑ΠڢȂॲ243-460ȄݍٵȈੁԒོޥޥོࡦདޥȄ ೨ђ݂  1994  Ȳിސᓢᇄন՞ҕМϽޟ৤౪ȳȂȮിސᓢᏰ۟ѐȯ8(3)Ļġ3-10Ȅ  1997  Ȳন՞ҕᢎಀᄇऋിᓢѮᢊࠒ৬ҕఊ৤ҰࣼݲϞंـȳȂȮ୽ҳѮᢊσᏰ ՃѠΡ᜸Ᏸѐȯ52: 99-128Ȅ  1998  Ȳȶ໷ઉᇄন՞ҕȷϞרَș௃৤ҰፙଔȳȂԝᓃܻȮിސᓢᇄন՞

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Museums, Anthropology, and Exhibitions on

Taiwan Indigenous Peoples

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Chia-yu Hu

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to explore the historical transformation on exhibiting

Taiwan indigenous peoples. The complicate entangled processes

between collecting ethnographic specimens, producing anthropological

knowledge, and making representations of others are examined based on

museum anthropological perspectives. Five major exhibitionary periods

are analyzed according to differences of representational settings and

driving forces: (1) the period of showing indigenous peoples as vague

others and spectaculars; (2) the period of presenting indigenous peoples

DVV\VWHPDWLFDOO\FODVVL¿HGJURXSVWKHSHULRGRIH[KLELWLQJLQGLJHQRXV

peoples as metaphors of the colonized savages in contrast to the civilized

colonizers; (4) the period of displaying indigenous peoples as preserved

cultural units for academic research; (5) the period of developing

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self. Through comparative analysis of the material images,

social-political interactions and cultural premises on exhibiting indigenous

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and power relation behind the exhibitions could be understood more

thoroughly in context.

Key words: representational settings, cultural representation, museum

anthropology, quasi-museum institutes, exhibitionary

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