新聞媒體裡的圖書館

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(1)IiiltliW:RID'\!fj!fU 36(Feb '01)15-27 ISSN 1023-2125. ~JT j'Jly¥ft~1.881i1l·~lrg. News Library: from "Morgue" to• Digital Archive J!JlEitf,;. Pailin Chen n~3 j;;;~tJi' JVtJf.I~~~. Associate Professor Dept. of Journalism National Chengchi University E-mail: blchen@nccu.edu.tw. [ {~ .t-. Abstract]. •• t*,~ •• ft••• aI-M~·~~I ••. '.*MM«.A~.#~~*.M.M. •• ·. •• Ar.Mt#~J·*~I~.~MM.ftt#~~.~· •• ·ft.W.~A**Aht.~*~· •• MM.ft.Ma~ft.,t#~.*~ •• fu-~'I#~A~**~L~~S~ ••• ~~~· News libraries refer to the libraries owned by news organizations where journalists restore and retrieve the collection of news clips. This article reviews the past, the present and the future of news library. In the past, news libraries were regarded as "morgue". Many news libraries, however, are in transition to restructure itself as digital archive. The author argues that fate of librarians is set in limbo as the library moves toward a new identity.. lIj1fqJ. Keyword. ~~I. ••. ~. ••ft MMt#. ~.. a~~~. Journalism ; News library ; Special library ; Digital archive ; Morgue. 15.

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(10) tt. 1993) ; Salomon ( 1993) ~ AtlHf:l r !tllll~~ng J (Distributed intelligence) l¥J~tt ' ~mA~~nM~ ~::f{l ${ EI P3 :tE~:m~tJ ' IE] tJif J!:tEffl1lt~Iil: ~a~U9\-:(£[;I!Jtl¥J~. OOA~~fI] 1E]ff'fl¥JffiIi-8-f'F ' ~ffl ~fiJ:j:lir~!l!Il ' PJ:&fifEl3i.1!Jtfl]tt~l¥JfiJ,WJ ' ~PJttf5iR~nl.;~~ ::t5& r!tlIll~~ngJ l!lHjHil¥J~::fff.Hf:l ' A~ ~fJg;ij!OOA~iftl: ff11f!Jt ' jf${3tIi f'F ffll'"l¥J~fI]~~ ~ litlffl :¥:Hn;ij!~.*Ji.f!Effi 1It!UiHt:) !tl.~ tvfJl.;*${ (!l.It>r5iR . 1998). I : Pea (. 0. 0. 0. tt 2 : ~J~Dfi±~1Il. :tE 1980 1f:ft:rJ]:M5tw.t9:jf'Cft;JtmD~~. (Knight-Ridder). (Videotext) fl]fl~'C;Jt*ME. . W.. *~~~~~ili~~·~;ij!~~l¥JOOTo. 3 : ~OO-i!Jm CONIT l¥Jii}f~~•.. ~~H; MIT l¥Jii}f~A~ Richard Marcus. fI]. Francis Reintjes ' ~:tE~1:iiHfffl. EI~~~*~l¥J~l:jffl~*ME'fi~§l¥Jh*~~OO~~P3~~~*~I~o. tt. 4: (®~$EI EI3~) MfJlffiff~). :tE 1971. 1f:alJn:'C)Jgj~WJIUi1l~}:'j*ME. . PX&:tE. 19721f:~Mlii}f~~:x::*~*MEl¥J (~~. 0. 5 : tUJ Endres ( 1985) ffff'Fl¥JMl.Gml1t ' B~ffffl~l:lffl~l¥J~t~J{lf65'tlW1l!tl¥J 22% !lfJJ!I(:JItl1~ 25 ~ f7Jl¥J*~J:j:l • =.:7t;Z:=We~~nffl~l:j(fl~ , mJ:j:l/NW~~aJffllt~HlUlh1l£ lit9\- ' m. Hansen & Ward (1991) l¥JMl.Gml1t ' ~fJ:It+~{7JPJl:l¥JJ:j:l*~~jij:1iJffl~l:j(fl/!t!l¥Jtt~J§f£~=.:7t;Z:= f!H~:!lfJ:JI :tElltPJl'"l¥JJ:j:l/J\~~~ , fffflilfj~j1ifl/!t!;Z:lt${&ti~f~ Hegg (1991) mili ' IJ\~~~fffflj1ifl/!t!l¥Jlt ~J{lfl5%li:tl Endres (1985) mili ' iIfj~~l:jffl/!t!n.~iI!6;ij!J:j:l/J\~~~W?tl¥J::t~JJR~ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 6:. 0. ' :tE 1980 1f:ftWW:l ' tt~ A~~::Rte:!~OOjlflP3~".px:m~ij 1m ' imm-fl~ft.+=:¥+ ;\l¥J'CJlilIf'F/Nij fIl.EI3~.DfiA}:'jgR l'!I!~fJg~AItv.tt1lJjl¥J~1:ii!' 1I:IJ.l¥JI{'FP3~:tE 19951f:lIflftlf,f=:+:7tfi (Cole, 1995) g-1fiW ' • f¥tt1lJjilim~:g,.{t ' t4JIIf:ElI:JItlim ' PJIli.i:Jltlim ' PJ:&~~:ltl¥Jitt:Jltlim ' iliW:tE 1990 1f:ftr",~-ttt 'rJH#J!I(w: . ~~.f¥ ' ftjl , ~.f7}l¥Jffliti ~J!I(W:.f¥IEl.m~l¥Jg-1JHi~~1:ii! ' ~1j;ij!J!I(W:E~ (Digital compression) , ~;fljffl.)Jgj~lij!.te:!J!I(W:jifll¥JlElif~~1't)jt*1JDPJm~nFJljm-8- . fifPJ~¥Ij~~m~jl*+ :tE 19901f:ft '. 'C)Jgj~lij!.tt~fl:M:,li!:l~?t. '. &:~:tE~~~~~~. 0. $~J*i!t. 0. 0. 0. Jil¥J§l¥J • ~~m~~~E~gRl'!I!PJW. '. f6ffljifl.f¥~Ib~l¥Jlt~J*iIIl~~H~. . jim-PJPJ~~+:¥Bffl·. tt 7 : ~J~:ff 1980 1f::rJJW:l • -1§t.)Jgjlij!limfi*l¥J.f¥~rd3::f~=:{lW:lC (300 MB) • ~B~UllCPX:;$:11!m~li + 1.§;ij!:tE 1997 . ~lij!limftf¥~ImPJ~BtlflllC (10 GB) , slt{ilJfflIfif!JU)j~B:ffi~Mi ' ~B~ flllCPX:;$:ili /I!t:¥~1flli fi3li:tl ~lCli:tl. 0. 0. 24.

(11) ~OO~IIf.!I!J¥J!IliUif{. .~1i*~. :. :EJQ!~ (1994) ~1l"l~AJ;\'ID'\iil±.®frj~ : 1f;f~~OO3i:*jlfl~%ffl(JI~M~ 0. iMIl~~~IIJKlIi.~fJ. : ~j(flcp{AIi!1fiJifa. CPIf;fiil±fU ' 115 m'. 0. ~iJ¥IHHU. mlmfll. (1995). ~~~~. , !i!U ( 1984) • j(fl ~ !IiJ{t1JJ?J7mlfJ{'F~ : ll'il1=fI*JtI\?}L®*~?t;fff~15 '. 0. 0. '. t48. m' w78-83. ~iJ¥lUHU. '. w36-40. 0. 0. ~ 73. Xf. 10. El. It, W74-84· .slt. (2000). m)(~. ( 1999). miB~ (1998). • •JIJ. 0. 1W~~~mYli®j7q~?t;fff. 0. CP¥B1JItf:lIl&XfIi (. : tf:l1t&0iJ •. , ~:lL~ft1*~ , a~tm .. 0. ~ii'd:ffiij@mij!lUJffWft¥zliff;re. ,. 0. a.:lt!f"8~~f1t]1ifl$zliff;re. • *ilill&~±~)( , ~:lL~ft1*~ ,. (1996) • ~mJl}l*!l!~a. *ilill&fIB±~)(. 70-8) • a~t. : *"t:::~~1t~~N ' tplf;fjfd:tU ' W32-38. a~tm. 0. '. Albers, Rebecca R. (1994 December). Wanted: Information Coaches. Presstime, 21.. Anderson, Albert (Ed.). (1998). Electronic Databases and Publishing. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction. Publishers.. Baird, K. H. (1979 December). Computerized Libraries Aid Newsroom. Presstime, 28.. Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York;. Monthly Review Press.. Brown, Stephanie W. (1998 September 1.). Indexing Photographs. In Visual Edge' 98 Archive Program, Also available. URL: <http://sunsite. unc.edu/slal>.. Christopher, L. (1998). Technology and journalism in the electronic newsroom. In D. L. Borden and K. Harvey. Mahwah. (Ed.), The electronic Grapevine: Rumor, Reputation, and Reporting in the New On-line Environment (pp.123-141). New. Jersey, LEA Publisher.. Cole, D. M. (1995). The Virtual Library. Presstime, 47-57.. Endres, F. (1985). Daily Newspaper Utilization of Commercial Databases. Newspaper Research Journal, 7 (I), 29-35.. Foley, K., & Briscoe, E. D. (1989 November). The Newspaper Library in The Information Age: A Personal View from. Within. Online, 15-24.. Hansen, K. A., Ward, J., & McLeod, D. M. (1987). Role of the Newspaper Library in the Production of News. Journalism. Quarterly, 64 , 712-720.. Hansen, K. A., & Ward, J. (1991 Fall). Information Technology Changes in Large Newspaper Libraries. Special Libraries,. 267-273.. 25.

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