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The Theoretical Basis of Labor's Fundamental
Rights and Taiwan's Amendments to the Labor
Union Law: From the Perspectives of Law and
Practice of Labor Unions in the United States
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Chun-Jen Chen
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0Keywords: labor's fundamental rights, labor union, collective bargaining, Uti- litarianism, National Labor Relations Act, American law and prac- tice oflabor unions.
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Abstract
1\\e 6ecft6es' a&vocacy el!orts o! \anor
\aw sc'n.o\ars ana prac\i\ion- ers finally lead to recent breakthroughs since the amendments to the"three laws of labor's rights" are expected to be adopted by the legisla- ture currently in session. The "three laws of labor rights" refer to Tai- wan's three sets of statutes, the Labor Union Law, the Collective Bar- gaining Law, and Labor Management Dispute Resolution Law, which are corresponding to labor's fundamental rights, the right to engage in organizational activities, the right to bargain collectively, and the right to engage in concerted activities for mutual aid or protection, as so con- ferred by Taiwan's Japanese counterpart under Article 28 of the Consti- tution of Japan and by Taiwan's American counterpart under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. Employers and employees are both free to negotiate terms and conditions of the employments and en- ter into employment contracts; there is no need of state interference.
However, owing to the disparity of bargaining power between individual employers and individual employees, the latter may find it difficult to negotiate and bargain with the former. Hence, in order to protect em- ployees' interests, it is necessary to permit employees to bargain collec- tively with the employer. Such a collective bargaining system is pre- vailing in the continental Europe and the United States, and is also per- mitted under Taiwan's Collective Bargaining Law. The collective bar- gaining system is premised upon the organizations and functions of la- bor unions. Accordingly, it is essential to explore the law and practice of labor unions to better protect labor's rights and interests. This Ar- ticle takes a comparative approach to discuss the law and practice, as well as the theoretical bases of Taiwan and the United States, examines the draft amendments of the Labor Union Law, and furnishes critiques and recommendations.
39
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Ji.J!Jl ( 2008.06)This Article contains four parts. Part I is an introduction. Part II discusses the development of law and practice of labor unions in the United States. The discussions will first center upon the common law principle of employment-at-will, the rise of unionism, and the enactment of the National Labor Relations Act. Then the discussions will focus upon the theoretical basis of labor unions in the United States. Part III will discuss the decline of American unions and the underpinning rea- sons. The effects of globalization, development of transportations and technology, the rise of contingent workforce, the alternation of work- force compositions, and the availability of tort remedies will be explored.
The discussions then will lay emphasis on the law and practice of Tai- wan's labor unions and examine the draft amendments of the Labor Un- ion Law. Part IV is a conclusion.
