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影響國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願之因素探討

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影響國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願之因素探討

A Study of Factors Affecting of Taiwan Nongovernmental Hospital Investing in Mainland China

中文摘要

大陸政府於2000 年 7 月 1 日發佈「中外合資、合作醫療機構管理暫行辦法」。此項 法令公佈之後,引起了台灣醫界極大的迴響,除了長庚醫院率先宣布赴大陸投 資醫院及護理學校之外,中華民國私立醫療院所協會於2001 年 3 月也組成了一 支大陸醫療環境考察團,前往北京、上海、及成都三地考察。台灣的私立醫療機 構紛紛有意赴大陸投資,其原因是大陸的醫療市場充滿發展潛力?還是因為台 灣醫療市場的競爭過於激烈因而迫使其轉向大陸發展?本研究欲探討影響我國 私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願的各項因素,並深究這些因素是否對採用的進入 模式有所影響?期望研究結果可以提供給有意赴大陸投資的醫療機構及政府相 關單位參考。

本研究為國內針對醫療機構赴大陸投資的第一份研究,為求研究的周延性,分 為量性研究及質性研究兩部分。在量性研究方面,針對119 家的私立醫療機構進 行調查,以結構性的問卷作為測量工具,分別從外部環境因素及企業內部因素,

探討國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資的各項影響因素。問卷以郵寄的方式發出,回 收之有效問卷為54 份(回收率 45.4%),主要分析方法是以複回歸模式來探討 影響國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願之各項因素,針對有意願赴大陸投資之 醫療機構,再以多變量變異數分析的統計方法來探討影響投資進入模式的各項 因素。在質性研究方面,針對國內對大陸醫療市場有深入研究的專家學者,以深 入訪談的方式詢問其對國內醫療機構赴大陸投資的看法與建議,以補充量性研 究之不足。

本研究量性問卷的研究調查部分,在探討赴大陸投資意願之影響因素的研究結 果顯示:大陸醫事人力資源的充沛程度…等九個衡量項目,與赴大陸投資意願 呈顯著正相關;大陸相關法令的變動程度…等二個衡量項目,與赴大陸投資意 願呈顯著負相關。另外,地主國市場因素、及瞭解市場程度等2 個研究變項,與 赴大陸投資意願呈顯著正相關。最後,在探討赴大陸投資進入模式之影響因素的 研究結果顯示:母國環境因素、及管理技能等2 個研究變項與投資進入模式達 P=0.1 的統計顯著水準。本研究深入訪談的結果顯示,多數受訪的專家學者認為 大陸地區的醫療市場具有極高的發展潛力,但由於大陸地區的社會文化觀念與 台灣仍有相當大的不同,加上當地的法令制度不夠周全,有許多地方仍是人治 多於法治,因此整體而言赴大陸投資的風險仍高。

根據研究結果,本研究建議:1.政府應參考產業界赴大陸投資的經驗,訂定相 關的管理規範,並提供必要的協助與輔導,俾使醫療機構赴大陸投資的風險能 降至最低。2.醫療機構領導人應針對大陸設立醫療機構的相關法令、市場狀況、及 社會文化觀念作一通盤的瞭解,避免在投資的過程中觸犯當地的法令,或是做

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出錯誤的投資決策而造成損失。3.由深入訪談的結果顯示,有不少產業界的企業 團體亦有意願赴大陸投資醫療機構,因此,建議後續研究者可將研究對象擴大 至產業界,找出有意願赴大陸投資的母群體,進一步做更深入的研究探討。

英文摘要

This is the first study investigates the key factors and will decision behaviors in nongovernmental health care organizations’ investment in China. This study is based on both questionnaire and in-depth interviews with expert and scholar. The sample was drawn from 119 nongovernmental health care organizations of different grades:

medical centers, regional hospitals and local hospitals. In total, 54 effective copies of the questionnaire were collected. Data was obtained by conducting a questionnaire survey of nongovernmental health care organizations’ managers. Multiple regression and MANOVA were used to analyze the data.

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with why do those Taiwan nongovernmental health care organizations want to invest China and the association between investing in China, the will of investing and investing entry mode. The findings were: (1) there were nine factors associated with the will of investing in China. (2) a changeable sort of relative regulations in China and the cost of domestic health care staff were found negatively associated with the will of investing China.

In conclusion, some recommendations in three points were made for the government, managers of health care institutions and further researchers. Besides, this study may serve as a reference for who are interested in entering China health care market.

參考文獻

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