色素增感型太陽能電池之電化學與光電特性探討 邱鵬潔、姚品全
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
本研究主要以商業化的TiO2(Degussa P25)作為色素增感型太陽電 池之工作電極,並以Tetra (4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) 作為染料,電解質部分則使用Potassium iodide(KI)、Iodine(I2 )並以Propylene carbonate(PC)作為溶劑,對電極則使用 白金(pl atinum,Pt)作為催化劑,研究製程參數對色素增感型太陽能電池 (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, DSSC)光電效率的影 響,並使 用電化學方法(循環伏安法與交流阻抗分析法)探討氧化還原媒 子(mediators, I-/I3-)之電化學特性,推估擴散係 數、擴散極限 電流密度及其電化學阻抗等。 本研究主要針對工作電極、電解質、對電極進行研究。以旋轉塗 佈法將調配 好的TiO2 漿料塗佈於ITO 導電玻璃基板上,經450℃ 燒結,形成中孔奈米晶薄膜工作電極,探討以不同厚度之TiO2 薄膜 製作之工作電極,其光電轉換效率之影響。以不同比例與組 成之[I- ]/[I3-],觀察其電化學特性之變化,並添加具有抑制 光電子再結合(recombination)作用的4-tert- butylpyridine( TBP) ,觀察TBP 對本系統光電轉換效率之影響。此外本研究並 以 電化學方法,探究白金對電極之電化學行為,以不同厚度的白 金鍍膜,探討對整個電解質系統之擴散極限電流密度與交流 阻抗 的影響。 研究結果發現TiO2 工作電極膜厚與旋塗次數成正比,而當工作 電極膜厚達到6.3μm 時(2 層),具有最佳的 光電轉換效率(η) ,當工作電極膜厚再次增加時,光電轉換效率不再增加,但是 短路電流Isc 略降。 電化學分析結果顯示
:隨著[KI]增加,擴散極限電流密度 (diffusion-limited current density,Jlim)和Isc 有上升趨 勢,而等效電阻和開路電壓(Voc) 有下降趨勢,當[KI]=0.3M 可 得到最佳的光電轉換效率。同樣的,當[I2]增加時,Jlim 和Isc 有上升趨勢,而其等效電阻、
填充因子(FF)和碘錯化物(I3-)之擴 散係數( DI3- )有下降趨勢,在[I2]=0.05M 可得到最佳的光電轉 換效率。當添加TBP 後
,Isc 略微下降,Voc 有上升趨勢,而等 效電阻中之電荷轉移阻抗(charge transfer resistance,RCT)明 顯下降,當[TBP]=0.1M 可得到最佳的光電轉換效率。當白金厚度 增加時,對電極之Jlim 有隨之上升,反之其等效電阻逐漸下降, 在白金厚 度=10nm 可得到最佳的表現。元件之入射光子- 電流轉 化效率(Incident Photo-to-Current Conversion Efficiency, IPCE)量測顯 示當波長在350~400nm 時具有最高的轉化 效率IPCE=20%)。 綜合以上結論,可知本研究之最佳製程參數:TiO2 膜厚6.3 μm, [KI]=0.3M、[I2]=0.05M、[TBP]=0.1M,白金厚度10 nm,可得到 最大光電轉換效率η=0.21% , 此時Voc=0.45V
, Isc=0.885mA ,FF=0.53。研究結果顯示以電化學技術作為DSSC 元件特性之 量測,是一種有效的製程診斷與改進電池 效率之工具。
關鍵詞 : 色素增感型太陽電池 ; 二氧化鈦 ; 循環伏安 ; 交流阻抗 ; 擴散極限電流密度 目錄
目錄 封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書...iii 中文摘要...iv 英文摘 要...vi 誌謝...viii 目錄...ix 圖目 錄...xii 表目錄...xv 第一章 緒論...1 1.1 前 言...1 1.2 太陽能電池的種類...2 1.3 研究背景與目的...4 1.4 本文架構...6 第二章 文獻回顧與理論原理...9 2.1 交流阻
抗...9 2.1.1 基本元件:電阻、電容和電感...12 2.1.2 複合元件與簡單電
路...14 2.2 循環伏安法...26 2.3 DSSC ...27 2.4 TiO2 工作電 極...30 2.5 染料...32 2.6 電解質...33 2.7 對電 極...35 2.8 DSSC 之交流阻抗等效電路...36 2.9 電化學測試元件(electrochemical cell) ...39 2.10 TCPP 染料...41 第三章 實驗設備與方法...44 3.1 實驗設
備...44 3.2 藥品耗材...45 3.3 實驗方法...46 3.3.1 實驗 流程...46 3.3.2 ITO 玻璃基板之清洗...47 3.3.3 TiO2 工作電極製
備...47 3.3.4 Pt 對電極製備...48 3.3.5 電解液配製...49 3.3.6 元件組 裝...49 3.4 材料分析與鑑定...50 3.4.1 紫外光-可見光光譜儀(UV-Vis)分
析...50 3.4.2 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR)分析...50 3.5 DSSC 效率量測...51 3.5.1 光電轉換效率量測...51 3.5.2 入射光子-電流轉換效率(IPCE)分析...52 3.6 電化學量
測...53 3.6.1 循環伏安(cyclic voltammogram,CV) 量測...53 3.6.2 電化學阻抗頻譜分
析(Electrochemical ImpedanceSpect roscopy,EIS) ...54 第四章 結果與討論...55 4.1 工 作電極分析...55 4.1.1 型貌與結構...55 4.1.2 TiO2 膜厚光電特性分
析...60 4.2 電解質系統分析...62 4.2.1 碘化物(KI)濃度分析...62 4.2.2 碘化 物(I2)濃度分析...71 4.2.3 添加TBP 之影響...81 4.3 對電極特性分
析...89 4.4 入射光電轉化效率(IPCE)分析...93 第五章 結論與建議...96 5.1 結論...96 5.2 建議...98 參考文獻...99 參考文獻
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