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質子交換膜燃料電池性能之理論探討 李書鋒、鄭錕燦

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質子交換膜燃料電池性能之理論探討 李書鋒、鄭錕燦

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

燃料電池的性能曲線是其工作電壓與電流密度之間的關係曲 線,在同一電流密度之下,工作電壓較高的燃料電池,即具有 較高 的能源轉換效率和輸出功率,因此擁有較佳的性能。如何以較低的 成本生產出性能良好的燃料電池,是無數燃料電 池研發人員所殫智 竭力鑽研的目標。本論文研究的主要內容,即在探討與PEMFC 性 能相關的各項問題。 影響PEMFC 性 能因素很多,除了本身觸媒層、氣體擴散層、 質子交換膜之各項物理參數外,PEMFC 的反應氣體的壓力、溫度、 氣體成 份等操作參數,皆對PEMFC 的性能產生重要的影響。由於 參數眾多且交互影響,使得PEMFC 之反應現象錯綜雜亂,難 以得 知最佳化參數值之設定。因此,本研究利用陰極觸媒層無因次化的 方法並且透過數值模擬,直接的探討觸媒層與氣 體擴散層之各項物 理參數對PEMFC 性能的影響,並且將深入探討陰極的活化過電位 和極限電流的發生機制。 此一研究 結果將有助於釐清PEMFC 性能相關問題的全貌,亦 有利於思考出改善燃料電池性能的方法。

關鍵詞 : 質子交換膜燃料電池,陰極過電位,數學建模,無因次化 ,性能曲線 目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 ...iii 中文摘要... v 英文摘要 ...vi 誌謝 ...viii 目錄 ...ix 圖目錄 ...xii 表目錄

...xiv 符號說明... xv 第一章 緒論... 1 1.1 前

言... 1 1.2 燃料電池簡介... 3 1.2.1 燃料電池工作原理 ...3 1.2.2 燃料電池的 種類與特性... 4 1.3 文獻回顧 ...8 1.4 研究動機與目的 ...12 第二章 研究方法 ...14 2.1 質子交換膜燃料電池的基本原理與反應機制 ....14 2.1.1 質子交換膜燃料電池之結構 ...14 2.1.2 質子交換膜燃料電池之原理 ...16 2.1.3 質子交換膜燃料電池的性能特徵 ...18 2.1.4 影響質子交換膜燃料電 池性能之因素 ...21 2.2 陰極觸媒層模型... 25 2.3 陰極氣體擴散層模型 ...28 2.4 陰極觸媒層與氣 體擴散層數學模型之整合 ...30 2.4.1 陰極觸媒層部份 ...30 2.4.2 陰極氣體擴散層部份 ...32 2.4.3 數 值解部份 ...33 2.5 分析方法 ...34 2.5.1 陰極活化過電位之探討 ...34 2.5.2 陰極極 限電流之探討 ...35 第三章 結果與討論 ...37 3.1 各項參數對PEMFC 性能之影響 ...38 3.1.1 不同陰極觸媒層氧氣擴散係數 ...39 3.1.2 不同陰極氣體擴散層氧氣擴散係數 ...39 3.1.3 不同陰極觸媒層中離子聚 合物之有效導電係數 40 3.1.4 不同觸媒單位活化面積 ...40 3.1.5 不同陰極氣體擴散層厚度 ...41 3.1.6 不同 陰極觸媒層厚度 ...41 3.2 高效能觸媒層之PEMFC 性能 ...42 3.2.1 高效能觸媒層下不同觸媒層厚度 ...42 3.2.2 高效能觸媒層下不同觸媒活化面積 ...42 3.3 不同氧氣擴散係數對極限電流之敏感度 ...43 3.4 不同π

、b值下對活化過電位之影響 ...44 3.5 不同陰極反應氣體壓力與氣體擴散層孔隙率 ....46 第四章 結論與建議 ...47 參考文獻 ...49 附錄A Tafel 公式推導與交換電流密度影響因素 ....78 參考文獻

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Springer, T. E., Wilson, M. S., and Gottesfeld, S., “Modeling and experimental diagnostics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.140,No 12, pp.3513~3526, 1993. 6. West,A.C. and Fuller,T.F. “Influence of rib spacing in protonexchange membrane electrode assemblies”, Journal of the Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 26, pp.557-565, 1996. 7. Marr, C., and Li, X., “Composition and performance modeling of catalyst layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol.77, pp.17~27, 1999. 8.

Kim, J., Lee, S. M., Srinivasan, S., “Modelling of Performance of PEM Fuel Cells with Conventional and Interdigitated Flow Field” Journal of Electrochemical Society, Vol. 142, No.8, pp2670-2674 , 1995. 9. Nguyen, T. V., and White, R. E., “A Water and Heat Management Model for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 140, No.8, pp2178-2186, 1993. 10. Rho, Y. W., Velev,

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&Sons, chapter 1-4,6,pp 1-107,141-161,2000. 17. A.O.McDougall, “FUEL CELLS”, John Wiley&Sons, chapter1-5, pp 1-67,1976. 18. Jeng, K. T., Chen, C. W., “Modeling and simulation of a direct methanol fuel cell anode”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol.112, pp367-375, 2002. 19.

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參考文獻

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