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龍眼核萃取物之抗氧化活性分析 楊敦傑、

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龍眼核萃取物之抗氧化活性分析 楊敦傑、

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本研究以熱迴流方式,將新鮮龍眼核與曬乾龍眼核利用不同溶劑(水、甲醇、50%乙醇、乙酸乙酯)進行萃取,探討不同溶 劑對萃取物的抗氧化能力之影響。主要試驗包括:(1)抗氧化成分之含量分析:總多酚類與類黃酮含量測定;(2)抗氧化活性 分析:DPPH自由基的清除能力、亞鐵離子螯合能力、還原力、清除超氧陰離子能力及清除ABTS陽離子能力,並與標準 品BHA、EDTA-Na及沒食子酸之抗氧化能力做比較,評估龍眼核萃取物之抗氧化活性。就總多酚試驗而言,50%乙醇萃取 新鮮龍眼核有最高的含量,達到98.2 mg/g,但乙酸乙酯萃取之含量最低只有5.8 mg/g,曬乾組試驗裡,50%乙醇萃取物與 乙酸乙酯萃取物含量最高,分別達87.9 mg/g與89.0 mg/g;總類黃酮試驗裡,新鮮組與曬乾組都以乙酸乙酯萃取物含量最 高,分別為16.3 與51.7 mg/g。實驗結果顯示,新鮮龍眼核以50%乙醇萃取之萃取率為最高,可達12.9 %,而曬乾龍眼核也 是以50%乙醇萃取之萃取率為最高,可達14.8 %;抗氧化活性方面,新鮮組裡,乙酸乙酯萃取物在濃度1.0 mg/mL時,清 除DPPH自由基能力已達99%;乙酸乙酯萃取物於濃度2.0 mg/mL有最高螯合能力表現,達84.9%;在清除ABTS自由基能 力方面,乙醇萃取物在濃度0.1 mg/mL時,達95.0%;乙醇萃取物於濃度2 mg/mL時,相對還原力與標準品比較,達 到110.8%。曬乾組裡,50%乙醇萃取物在濃度0.5 mg/mL時,DPPH自由基清除能力已達95%;水萃取物濃度於1.0 mg/mL 時有最高螯合能力表現,達85.2%;50%乙醇萃取物在濃度0.1 mg/mL,清除ABTS自由基能力達53.0%,比標準品還高;

50%乙醇萃取物於濃度2.0 mg/mL時,相對還原力比標準品高,達到108.5%。綜合研究結果顯示,整體而言,曬乾龍眼核 效果明顯較佳,其中又以50%乙醇萃取物之效果最好,此結果將可做為機能性食品開發之參考。

關鍵詞 : 龍眼核、熱迴流萃取、總多酚化合物測定、類黃酮含量測定、抗氧化能力 目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 v 誌謝 vii 圖目錄 xi 表目錄 xiii 1.緒論 1 2.文獻回顧 3 2.1無患子科植物 3 2.1.1台灣的 無患子科植物 3 2.1.2無患子屬植物的特徵 3 2.2龍眼 5 2.2.1龍眼介紹 5 2.2.2龍眼的性狀 5 2.2.3龍眼的品種 7 2.2.4龍眼核之研 究 8 2.3 自由基之介紹 12 2.3.1自由基 12 2.3.2種類 13 2.3.3體內自由基來源 15 2.4 抗氧化劑 16 2.4.1天然抗氧化劑 16 2.4.2人 工合成抗氧化劑 19 2.5抑制微生物試驗 22 3.材料與方法 23 3.1實驗材料 23 3.2試驗之材料 23 3.2.1 藥品 23 3.2.2 儀器 25 3.2.3 實驗菌體 26 3.3 實驗方法 26 3.3.1 實驗架構 26 3.4 萃取物製備 30 3.5 抗氧化成分含量分析 32 3.5.1 總酚化合物 32 3.5.2 類黃酮化合物含量 33 3.6抗氧化活性試驗 34 3.6.1螯合亞鐵離子能力試驗 34 3.6.2清除ABTS 陽離子能力 35 3.6.3相對還原 力(RRP)測定 36 3.6.4清除DPPH自由基能力 37 3.6.5 清除超氧陰離子試驗 37 3.7抗氧化效力評估方法 38 3.8 HPLC成分分析 39 3.9 抑制微生物試驗 39 3.9.1實驗材料 39 3.9.2實驗方法 39 4. 結果與討論 41 4.1 萃取率 41 4.2 抗氧化成分含量分析 41 4.2.1總多酚類化合物含量分析 41 4.2.2 類黃酮化合物含量分析 43 4.3抗氧化能力分析 43 4.3.1清除DPPH自由基能力 45 4.3.2 螯合亞鐵離子能力 45 4.3.3清除ABTS陽離子能力 49 4.3.4還原力 49 4.3.5清除超氧陰離子能力 53 4.3.6 半數清除濃度 56 4.4 HPLC成分分析 60 4.5抗菌試驗 65 5.結論 71 5.1結論 71 5.2未來展望 71 參考文獻 73 圖目錄 圖2. 1台灣的無患子科植物樹狀 圖 4 圖2. 2 龍眼植物圖 6 圖2. 3 δ-tocopherol之化學結構 20 圖3. 1 實驗流程圖 28 圖3 .2 抗氧化活性分析 29 圖3 .3萃取流程 31 圖4 .1新鮮龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物之清除DPPH自由基能力 46 圖4 .2曬乾龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物之清除DPPH自由基能力 47 圖4 .3新鮮龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物之亞鐵離子螯合能力 48 圖4 .4曬乾龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物之亞鐵離子螯合能力 50 圖4 .5 新鮮龍眼核萃取物清除ABTS自由基能力 51 圖4.6 曬乾龍眼核萃取物清除ABTS自由基能力 52 圖4 .7新鮮龍眼核不同溶劑 萃取物之三價鐵還原力 54 圖4.8曬乾龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物之三價鐵還原力 55 圖4 .9新鮮龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物對清除超 氧陰離子能力影響 57 圖4.10曬乾龍眼核不同溶劑萃取物對清除超氧陰離子能力影響 58 圖4. 11 沒食子酸之HPLC層析圖 61 圖4 .12 新鮮組龍眼核四種萃取物HPLC分析圖 62 圖4 .13曬乾龍眼核四種萃取物HPLC分析圖 64 圖4. 14 抑菌圈示意圖 67 圖4. 15不同溶劑萃取龍眼核之抑制枯草桿菌 68 圖4 .16不同溶劑萃取龍眼核之抑制金黃色葡萄球菌 69 圖4 .17不同溶劑萃取 龍眼核之抑制大腸桿菌 70 表目錄 表 2.1龍眼核的主要營養成分 9 表 2.2龍眼核礦物質的含量 10 表 2.3類黃酮的抗氧化特性 21 表 3. 1實驗採用微生物 27 表 4. 1不同溶劑萃取龍眼核之萃取率 42 表 4. 2不同溶劑萃取龍眼核之總多酚類和類黃酮類化 合物含量 44 表 4. 3 IC50不同溶劑萃取龍眼核之半抑制濃度 59

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