者的動態有更進一步的了解。 二、政府方面 （一）加強游泳池的水質以及衛浴設備的 各項檢測工作，使腸病毒無法在游 泳池的活動環境中生存。提供社會 大眾安全的活動空間。 （二）加強中部災區的各項基礎工程的整 建，使民眾安心前往活動。 （三）持續提出輔導中部業者的各項措 施，以振興該區產業。 （四）進一步了解經濟不景氣對中部三縣 市的休閒運動業者營運的影響。 三、消費者方面 （一）多了解泳池業者對腸病毒的防範方 式，以提高本身的安全性。 （二）多了解中部三縣市的資訊，以提高 本身前往中部活動的機動以及安全 性。 四、後續研究 (一) 進一步研究 89 年公立泳池游泳之泳 客人數減少的原因。 (二) 持續觀察民眾前往中部地區休閒的 意願態度。 關鍵字：腸病毒、921 地震、休閒產業、經 濟影響、風險管理
A Study of Risk Management on Spor t and Recreation Related Industr ies:
The Cases of the Effects of Enterovir us in 1998 and 921 Ear thquake in 1999
Abstr act
In general, risks (such as natural and human disasters) are so unpredictable in the world of sport and recreation. However, it may occur tremendous hurts for the participants. Therefore, to provide a safety environment and protect the participants’ rights is an important task for practitioners in sport and recreation related industries. Therefore, risk management skills are one of the necessity competencies for sport industry managers.
Risk management plans can avoid a lot
of losses, such as facilities and equipment damages, participants’ injuries, and even human lives. Moreover, if a crisis case happened, a well-planned risk management strategy can assist managers to handle the situation, which may raise the reputation of an organization even help his/her organization to generate more benefits.
The main elements of a good risk management plan are as follows:
1.Planning and preparation. 2.Gathering written information. 3.Preliminary review of documents. 4.Conducting interviews.
5.Site survey.
6.Reviewing and analyzing information. 7.Designing risk-reduction ecommendations. 8.Writing a risk analyzing report. (Berlonghi,
A., 1990)
In Taiwan, sport related industry practitioners do not pay a lot attention to the risk management process especially some natural disasters acted by God, which may cause more loses. In addition, no specific research related to risk management are found to help people realizing the losses and the ways that sport management professionals solve their problems occurred by some specific risks.
This study tries to analyze two specific crisis cases happened in this island- the effect of Enterovirus in 1998 and the 921 earthquake in 1999. The purpose of this study were as follows:
1. To understand the economic losses occurred by these two cases.
2. To evaluate the risk management strategies developed by sport and recreation related industry practitioners.
3. To suggest appropriate risk management strategies to the sport and recreation industry practitioners to handle this crisis situations.
The results of this study were as follows:
l For the case of Enterovirus pervading in 1998
average annual gate receipts during the period of Enterovirus pervading in 1998; 2.For the suppliers: most of them had done
risk management related process by following the government regulation, such as making public announcement to remind the public, purchasing insurances to the swimmers, etc.
3.For the demanders: about 67.4%
responses thought that the Enterovirus did not effect their willing to go swimming. In addition, over half of the subjects (52.6%) thought that this factor did not affect their children’s usual activities as well.
l For the case of 921 Earthquake in 1999 1. For the whole recreation industry in
center Taiwan area: the market scale was decreased. There were tremendous losses caused by 921 Earthquake disasters, including 9,638,945,299 NT direct recreation consumption losses offered by the consumers; however, the whole negative economic impact was over 10 billion NT. The recreation sites owners’ losses were from 200 million NT to zero NT. Most of the practioners’ losses were from 500 to 300 thousand NT.
2.For the supplier: 921 Earthquake Disaster was a kind of “Act of God”, therefore, recreation industry practioners were not able to handle it. The ways they can reduce their hurts were to transfer the risks (such as buying insurances), follow the government regulations to reinforce their prevention, and set up various of notices to notify the visitors.
3. For the demanders: Affected by the 921 Earthquake, most of the people in Taiwan did not have the interest to visit the center Taiwan area. Therefore, substitution effect was occurred because they visit recreation sites in other areas of Taiwan.
Finally, the researcher of this study provided the following suggestions:
1.To the supplier.
（1）For the case of Enterovirus: it is important for the owners to develop more strategies to prevent the influence of its negative impact,
develop promotion events to reduce the worry of the public and attract more swimmers during the hard time.
（2）For the case of 921 Earthquake: in order to improve the bad economic climate of recreation industry in center Taiwan area, suppliers need to offer more information and
promotion events to interest the public.
2.To the demanders: the consumers can pay attention to the promotion information offered by the recreation industry practioners, which may save the consumers’ money and provide an opportunity to increase their surplus. 3.To the government: In order to improve the
economic climate in center Taiwan area, the government officials need to understand the impact situation, provide ideal services to this area, such as making endorsement to the public for the acquit owners to guarantee their safety environment. In addition, making road construction reinforcement, and providing recreation industry assistance regulations to the recreation industry praticition in the central Taiwan region.
4.To the further researchers: To analyze the whole impact on this area, to keep on observing the consumers’ aptitudes, and to evaluate the performances of the promotion events provided by the practioners and assistance policy developed by the public sector.
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