1 !"#$%&'#()*+,-./01234 2 !"#$% !"2005 3 18 !"#2005 8 30 !"#$2005 10 12 !"#$%&&100 !"# 19 307
!"
!"#$%&'()%&*+, (Frank, 2004) !"#$%&'()*+#,-# !"#$%&' ()* +,-. !"#$%&!'()*+,-.!-/ !"#$%&'()*+,-.& !"#$%&'()*+,-./ (Aasland et al., 1997) !"#$%&'()*+,- !"# (Theorell and Karasek, 1996; Johnson and Hall, 1988) !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&'()*#+,- 3 !"#$%&#'()*+,-./0 ! !"#$%&#'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./$0 2 !"#$%$&'()*+,-./ !"#$%#&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-.,-/0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 12 15 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*#+,-,./ 10-20 !"#$%& !"'() !"#$%&'()*+,-./ 20 !"#$%&'()*+ ,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-
1!
2!"#$%&'(%&)*+,-%&."/01(%&23,4567!" !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234056.7058129:;<=0>? - !"# (Job Demand Control) !"#$%&'()*"#+,-. (Chinese Health
Questionnaire) 12 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234!567 131 !"# !"#$%&'()*+,-.'/01 (64.6%) !"#$%&' (62.3%) !"#$% (59.2%) !"#$%&'$( (54.6%) !"#$%&'()*+, !"#$%&'()%*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0!12 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234567/89:;%<=>?"@ABCDE !"#$%& - !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;"#$< !"#$%& !'()*+,-.$/01234567$%89:;<= !- ! !"#$%&'($)*+,
! (Interventional cardiology) !" !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'( )*+,-./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-'./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,- (Arnetz, 1997; Howie et al., 1992) !"#$%&# !"#$%&'()*+,-. /&0 !"# $%& '()*+, !"#$%&'()*+',-./01' !"#$%&'()*+, !"#$ !"#$%&'()%* +,-. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&' ! !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+),-$./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%"&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'#()*'+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 !"#$%"&'()*'+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./01' !"#$%&'()*+,-./"012 !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()*+,-./1980 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 (psychosocial stress) !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&' A (type A personality) (Cottington et al., 1986) ! (hostility) (Diamond,
1982) !"#$%&'()*+#,- .
!"#$%&'(Karasek1979 !"#$%(Job Demand Control model JDC ) (Karasek, 1979) !"#$%& ! (Job Content Questionnaire JCQ) !"#$% !"#$%&'(Person-En-vironment Fit model) !"#$%&'( (Caplan et al., 1975) !"#$%&'()*+$%, !"#$%&'()*+,-./0
Karasek (1979) !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*+,-./012%& (psychological workload demand) ! (decision latitude) !"# (control) !"#$%&'()*+,$%& (high strain) !"#$%&'()*+%&,-./ !"#$%&' !"()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-$./)0 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . (skill utilization) !"#$%& (decision-making) Karasek !"#$%%&'()*%&+, !"#$%&'( (job strain) !"# !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012!" ! " # $ % (Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Karasek et al., 1988) Johnson !"#$% !"#$%&'()*+,-.+,/012 !"#$%&'(%&)*+, -./ !"#$%&'() (Johnson & Hall, 1988; Johnson et al., 1989) Bosma et al. Whitehall II !"#$%&'()*%+,%&'()*% !"#$%&'()*+, (OR) 1.93 (Bosma et al., 1997) Marmot ! " # !"#$%&'!()*+,-./012 !"# $%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'"#$()*+,"!- !"#$%&'()*+,- (Marmot et al.,
1997) Schnall 1994 JDC !
!"#$%&'()"#*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0%12 (somatic symptoms) (Schnall et al., 1994) Cheng !"#$%&'()*+,-./0#$ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 ( SF36) ! (Cheng et al., 2000) ! !"#$%&'()*+*,-./+0*1 !"#$% Karasek !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123$ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123
!"#$%&'()*+,-./)01
Karasek !"#$%&'()*+,-./0
( 1997) ! Cheng !"#$ !"#$%&'()*+,-./012#$ (job insecurity) !"#$%&'( !"#$!"%&'()*+,-./012 (Cheng et al., 2005) !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'(!)*+,-./0$1 !"#$%&'()#*+,-./0.1 !"#$%&'( (Schnall et al., 1994) !"#$%&'()*+# !"#$% !"#$%& (Siegrist, 1996) JDC !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 (social role) !"#$%&'()*%+,- . !"#$%&'()*+ ,-.//012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234 (Siegrist, 1996; Siegrist et al., 2004)
!"#$%&'()*+,- .-* ! Karasek !"#$%&'() !"#$%"&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-." !"#$%&!'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&' Karasek !"#$% !"#$%&'()*'+,-./ ! !"#$%&'()*+,$-./ Karasek !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$!%&'()*+,-./01
!"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$
!"#$%91 !"#$%&'() 945 !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+,-./#01# !"#$%&'%()*+,-./+01)2+ !"#$%&'()- !"#$%&' (JobContent Questionnaire) !"#$%&'( !"#$% (Chinese Health Questionnaire) 12 !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$ !"#$%&'()*"+ !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0(1 !"#$%!"&'()"*+,"-. !"#$%&'()*+,-'(./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+$,-./0 !"#$%#$&'()*+,-./0 !"#$% !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 23 !"#!$% (principal component analysis) !"#$% (varimax) !"#$%& !"#$ !%&'()*+ 4 ! 19 !" !"# !"#$% !"#$% !"#$% !"#$% !"#$%& ! ! ! (Likert) !"#$%&'( 1 5 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 - !"#$%&' (Job Content
Questionnaire, JCQ)
!"#$%&' ()* Karasek and Theorell (1990) !"#$%&'( 5 !"# 9 14 !"#$%&'( !"#$ 6 !"#$% 3 ! !"#$%&'()*+, !"#$ !" ! ! (Likert)
!"#$%&'()*+,-./012 ! 1 4 !"#$%&'!()*+ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0*+ !"#$ Karasek and Theorell (1990) !"#$% (2001) !"#$%&'( (3 (Q1+Q2)+2 (15-(Q3 ! +Q4+Q5)) !"#$%&!'()*"%$%&! + ! " ! # $ % & ' ( ) ! " ! # $ * (Q9+Q11+Q8+Q14+Q13+(5-Q10)) 2 !" !"(Q6+Q12+(5-Q7)) 4 !"# !"#$%&'(# / !"#$ !"# $%&'() *+, -. / !"#$%&'( - !"#$%&' !"#$%&'($)*+,-./0!1 !"#$%&'( !)*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+," (2001) !"#$%&'( !"# !"#$ (131) 126 96.2 (130) 45 65 50.0 46 55 41 31.5 55 24 18.5 !" (130) !" 115 88.5 ! ! (129) 81 62.8 !"#$ (72) 200 47 65.3 200 25 34.7 !"#$ (129) 0 8 30 23.2 8 12 85 65.9 12 14 10.9 !" (130) 57 43.8 73 56.2 ! (128) 300 49 38.3 300 79 61.7 !"#$ (128) 38 29.7 !"#$% 79 61.7 !" 11 8.6 ! !" (128) ! 56 43.8 ! 72 56.2 !" (130) ! 62 47.7 !"# 47 36.2 !"# 21 16.2 ! (131) 52 39.7 ! (131) 92 70.2 !" ( / ) (131) 37 28.2
!"#$%&"'()*+,!-./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-$./0 !"#$12 (Chinese Health
Questionnaire, CHQ)
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01 Cheng (Cheng & William, 1986) Goldberg (1979) !"#$%& (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()$*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+, SF36 ! !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+ (Goldberg et al.,
1997) !"#$%&' !"# !"#$ !"#$% ! ! !"#$% !"#$% !"#$%&'()*+,-.&/ ) !"# 0 !"#$%&'()*+, !"#$%&' 1 !"#$%&'( !"#$ 6 10 !"#$%& !"# $%&'()*+,-./0% !"#$%&'()*+ 0 ! 12 !"# !"#$%&#'()*!+,%&- !"#$%&'()*+,-./!012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 !"#$%&'()*+,-(./0 (Goldberg et al., 2001; Moller et al., 1996) (mortality) ! (morbidity) ! !"#$%&'(!)*+,-./012! !"#$%&'()*+, (Goldberg et al., !"#$%&'%()*+',-./0 (Cronbach’s α) !" * Cronbach’s α (%) !" 0.58 1. !"#$%&'()*+,-. 63.08% 2.84 2. !"#$%&'()*+,- 81.54% 3.07 3. !"#$%&'()*+# 66.15% 2.78 4. !"#$%&'()*+,-. 46.15% 2.34 5. !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 59.23% 2.65 !"# 0.61 6. !"#$%&'()*+, 93.85% 3.40 7. !"#$%&'()*+,-./01%2345 6.15% 1.45 8. !"#$%&'()*+, 94.62% 3.59 9. !"#$$%&'()*+,-./012 95.38% 3.55 10. !"#$%&'()* 66.92% 2.85 11. !"#$%&'()* 43.85% 2.47 12. !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456 66.92% 2.78 13. !"#$%&' 94.62% 3.33 14. !"#$%&'()*!+, 54.62% 2.60 * ! Range 1 4 !"#$%&'()
2001; Moller et al., 1996; Kaplan et al., 1996; Miilunpalo et al., 1997; Liukkonen et al., 2004) !"#$%&'()%*+ ,- ! ! ! !"# ! ! ! ! !" !"#$ !"#$%&'() !"#$% 1 2-4 5 !" !"#$%&'()*+,-./01( 1 ! 2-4 5 !" !"# !" 95% !"#$%&'()*+,-./012
!"
!"#$%&'()*+ () !"# !"# 91 4 5 ! 945 !"#$%&' 20% (William et al., 2002) ! 131 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678 !" !"# ! ! ! ! ! !" ! ! ! ! ! !"#$%&' 0.766 62.3% !"#$%& 0.710 35.4% !"#$%&' 0.720 40.0% !"#$%&'(%) 0.477 54.6% !"#$%&' 0.557 59.2% !"# !$%&' 0.506 37.2% !"#$%&'() 0.636 16.3% !"#$%&'()* 0.685 16.3% !"#$% 0.804 21.9% !"#$%& 0.788 19.4% !"#$%&'( 0.622 64.6% !"#$ 0.766 38.5% !"#$ 0.651 48.1% ! 0.641 56.9% !"# 0.865 50.7% !"# 0.520 43.4% !"#$% 0.349 49.7% ! 0.462 28.6% !"#$%&' 0.529 28.5% 2.944 2.761 2.572 2.079 1.380 !"#$%&' 15.50% 30.03% 43.56% 54.51% 61.77% Cronbach’s alpha 0.850 0.848 0.800 0.802 0.74017.3% (131/756 = 17.3) !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,-."/$0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./!"0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 SPSS 12.0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 !"#$%&'( )*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./! 5 !"# 20% !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'() (linear regressions) !" (logistic regressions) !"# !"#$%&'()*+ () ! ! !"#$%&'(#)*+, 126 (96.2%) 45 !"#$%& 65 (50%) 46 55 41 (31.5%) ! 55 ! ! 24 (18.5%) !"# 46.6 115 (88.5%) !"#$%&'()*+ !" !#$!%&'() 11.5% !"#$%&'()*+,-./0,) !"#$%&'()*+, () !"#$%& ! !"#$% !"#&'#()*+, !"#$%&'()!#* 112 (86.8%) 17 !"#$!%&!'( (13.2%) 62.8% !"#$%&'()*+ !"# 249 !"#$%&'()*+ 8 12 ! 65.9% 12 ! 10.9% !"# 8 !"#$ 23.2% !" 10.2 !"#$%&'()*+,-43.8% 38.3% !"#$%&'( 300 !"#$%& 300 61.7% !"# !"#$%&'() 29.7% !" !"#$%&'() 8.6% !"#$% !"#$%&'#() 56 43.8% !"#$%&'()"*+,- 80% !"#$%&'()*!+,-./0! ! 47.7% !"#$% 36.2% () !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()#* 20 46 !" 33.26 !"# 5.71 Cronbach’s alpha !"#$%&'( 0.58 !
!"#$%&'( (Cheng et al., 2000) !"#$!%&'()*+,'(-36 ! 47 36.43% !"#$% !"#$%&'()*+,$$- 32 86 ! " # $ 65.27 ! " 9.46 Cronbach’s alpha 0.61 !"#$%&# !"#$%&!"'62 ! 48 38.1% !"#$%&'()*+ - !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$ !"#$% 16 !"#$ (12.3%) 3 !"#$ !"#$%&'()*+,)*-./,0 !"#$%&'()*+,-. () !"#$%&
!"#$%& Cronbach’s alpha 0.85 !" 62.3% !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()&*+,-./01 !"# 59.2% !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()*+,-./,01$ 54.6% !"#$%&'(%)*+,- !"#$% Cronbach’s alpha !"#$%&'(%)*+,- 0.8 !"#$%&'(%)*+,- 64.6% !"#$%&#'()*#+, !"#$%"&'()*+'(,-./ Cronbach’s alpha 0.80 56.9% !"#$%&'()*+,-.+/012 50.7% !"#$%&'()*+,- ! !"#$%&'()*+,- " # $ % & ' ( ) # $ * + , - " Cronbach’s alpha 0.85 !"#$%&
() !"#$%&'!"() !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%& 1.34 (range 1-10) 2.07 !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 31 23.7% ! "# 52 39.7%
!"#$%& (70.2%) !"#$%& !"#$% 3 !"#$%&'() !" 90% !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&' (Hughes et al., 1992) !"# (regression models) !"#$%&'()(&*+,&-. !"#$%#&'()#*+,-. !"#$ !"#$ - !"# !"#$%&'($)*+,-./ !"#$% (model 1) !" (model 2) !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$% (full models) !"#$ (backward stepwise) !"#$%& (parsimonious models) !"#$%#&'
() model 1 !"#$ (CHQ) !"#$%&'()*+,-.%/0- !"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-.%/0-&'()*+, - !"#$%&'()*+,-.%/0- ! !"#$%&'()*+,'-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'($)*+,-.$/0 !"#$%&'()*+,-. - ! !"#$%&'()*+,- - !" !"#$%&'()*+, -./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 ! (p < 0.01) !"#$ - !" !"#$%&'()*+,-./#$% !"#$%&'()*+,-./ (p < 0.05) !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 () model 2 !" !"#$%&'()*+,-.%/0- !"#$%&'() - !"#$%&'()*+,-.%/0- !"#$%& !"#$%&'()*+,-.'/01 !"#$%&'()*+ (p < 0.05) !"#$%&'!()*+,-.-/0 - !"#$%&'()*+, - ! !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 15% !"#$%&'()*+, !"#$%&'()*+,
!"
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&' (CHQ) !"#$%&'()*&+ !" ! 1. !" #$%&' 18 13.8 2. !" #$% 8 6.2 3. !"#$%& 12 9.2 4. !"#$"% 9 6.9 5. !"#$% 17 13.1 6. !"#$%& 20 1 15.4 1 7. !"#$%&'() 25 19.4 8. !"#$%& 13 10.0 9. !""#$%& 9 6.9 10. !"#$% 20 1 15.5 1 11. !"#$%&'() 18 13.8 12. !"#$% 4 3.1 1 6 10 !"#$%&'()%* !+%,-.!"#$%& 10-20% 1994 !"#$% 17.3% !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0$12$ !"#$%&'()*+,-'./012 !"#$%&'()*+, (95.5%) !"#$%&'()*+%,-./01) !"#$%$&'()*!"+,-./0 !"#$%&'()*+, X !"# !"#$%&'()*+,-"./01 !"#$!%&'(")*+,-) (46.7%) !"#$ (35.2%) ! ! 80% !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'()*+,$-./01 !"#$%&'()* (CHQ) !"# ! ! !"#$ P !"#$ P ! !" !" / !"# -0.17 0.08 -0.16 0.06 ! !"#$% 200 / 0.05 0.72 200 / -0.06 0.66 !"#$ 8 12 / 0 8 0.22 0.08 0.16 0.07 12 / 0 8 0.09 0.48 0.15 0.13 !" / 0.04 0.72 ! 300 / 300 -0.05 0.65 !"#$ / !" 0.15 0.42 !"#$% / !" 0.11 0.56 !"#$ 6 10 / 0 5 0.07 0.60 0.04 0.69 11 15 / 0 5 -0.11 0.34 -0.17 0.05 15 / 0 5 0.07 0.66 -0.01 0.94 !"# / -0.05 0.61 ! !" / 0.04 0.74 !" ! / !"# 0.25 0.20 !"# / !"# 0.21 0.22 !" !" 0.02 0.89 !" 0.29 0.01* 0.38 0.01** !" 0.11 0.42 !" -0.06 0.65 !" 0.08 0.53 / 0.07 0.47 / 0.12 0.24 g`n ! L 0.21 0.04* 0.21 0.02* *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01 ! ! 95% CI for OR 95% CI for OR B(S.E.) OR B (S.E) O R Lower Upper Lower Upper ! !"#$% 200 / -1.98 (1.63) 0.14 0.01 3.32 200 / -1.44 (1.94) 0.24 0.01 10.59 !"#$ 8 12 / 0 8 2.16 (1.53) 8.65 0.44 172.09 12 / 0 8 2.96 (2.55) 19.36 0.13 2864.63 !" / 3.26 (1.72) 26.10 0.91 753.09 ! 300 / 300 -1.49 (1.57) 0.23 0.01 4.85 !"#$ / !" 2.52 (2.35) 12.42 0.12 1242.28 !"#$% / !" 1.22 (1.86) 3.39 0.09 129.50 !"#$ 6 10 / 0 5 -0.18 (1.58) 0.84 0.04 18.63 11 15 / 0 5 -0.36 (2.02) 0.70 0.01 36.30 15 / 0 5 -2.14 (2.19) 0.12 0.01 8.67 !"# / 0.95 (1.26) 2.59 0.22 30.36 ! !" / -2.45 (1.70) 0.09 0.01 2.42 !" ! / !" 0.09 (1.06) 1.10 0.14 8.71 !" !" -0.24 (0.31) 0.78 0.43 1.43 !" -0.08 (0.23) 0.93 0.59 1.46 !" 0.48 (0.35) 1.62 0.81 3.23 !" -0.47 (0.35) 0.63 0.31 1.26 !" -0.23 (0.56) 0.80 0.27 2.37 / -2.63 (1.43) 0.07 0.01 1.19 -1.35 (0.77) 0.26 0.06 1.18 / -2.67 (1.87) 0.07 0.01 2.69 JCQ ! / -3.75 (1.60) 0.02* 0.01 0.54 -1.89 (0.77) 0.15* 0.03 0.69
Model Chi-square Improvement
χ 2 = 21.1 P = 0.52 χ 2 = 8.42 P = 0.02 *P < 0.05
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
!"#$%&'()*+,- Karasek and Theorell !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$% !"#$"%& !'()*+,- !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+ (high strain) !"#$%&'()*+,-. !/0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,$-./0 !"#$%&!"#'()*+,-./0 !"#$ %&'()*+,&-(./0 !"#$%&'()*'+,-"./ 0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 !" 3D !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&'()*+,-.$/01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0"12% !"#$%&'()*+ ,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01# !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01# !"#$%&' ! (cohort study) !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$ Johnson !"#$ Karasek !"#$%&'()*+ (Johnson & Hall,
1988) !"#$%&'&()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 !"#$%&'()* +,-./01 !"#$% Johnson !"#$%&' !"#$%&'()*+",-./01 !"#$%&'
!
(1994) !"#$%&'()*+, ! 21(3) 153-165 !"#$ (2001) - - - !" !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 ! 21 6411-6419 !"#$!%&'!() (1997) !"#$%&'()*+,-.-/0 !"#$ !"!#$ 13 332-341Aasland, G., Olff, M., Falkum, E., et al. (1997). Health complaints and job stress in Norwegian
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Elucidating the Relationships between Physician Job
Strains and Health
Duan-Rung Chen Cheng-Ta Chung
Abstract
Physician health has been largely ignored. This study assessed the principal factors associated with physician health in a cardiologist sample group. Job Demand Control model was applied to assess the psychosocial environment in which physicians work. Mental health was measured using the Chinese Health Questionnaire. Self-reported health status was also examined. A total of 131 cardiologists responded to questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression results demonstrated that physician self-reported health status was associated to stressors related to hospital management and the health care environment. Job strain was significantly associated with minor psychiatric distress. Employment in a medical center and/or as managerial staff was a health risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Preliminary results indicate that more objective physiological indictors assessing health are needed.
Key words: Physicians, job strain, health status
1
Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Health Care Organization Administration, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University.
2
Director, Chia-I Veterans Genera Hospital.
Received: Mar. 18, 2005 Revised: Aug. 30, 2005 Accepted: Oct. 12, 2005