計算機概論

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計算機概論

• Course Number: 90248040

• Credits: 2

• Time: Monday 7, 8 (3:30PM-5:20PM)

• Classroom: New CSIE Classroom 110

• Classification: Elective for freshmen

• Prerequisite: None

• Instructor: Chiou-Shann Fuh ( 傅楸善 )

• Office: New Computer Science and Information Engineering 327

• Phone: 23625336 ext. 327

• Office Hours: Tuesday 10AM-11:30AM

• Objective: Introduction to computer science through extensive course proj

ects.

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• Textbook: G. B. Shelly and M. E. Vermaat, Discovering Computers 2012, Thomson C ourse Technology, Boston, MA, 2012.

• Reference: P. Norton, Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6th Ed., McGraw-H ill, New York, 2006.

• Reference: M. M. Mano, Computer Engineering: Hardware Design, Prentice Hall, En glewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988.

• Reference: J. G. Brookshear, Computer Science: An Overview, 7th Ed., Addison Wesl ey, Reading, MA, 2003.

• excellent World Wide Web address: to look up computer terminology online http://www.wikipedia.org

• excellent World Wide Web address: to search companies, products, and events http://www.google.com, http://www.yahoo.com, http://www.msn.com

• Projects: will be assigned every week or every other week (30%)

• Examinations: one midterm (30%) and one final (40%)

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• Chapter 1: Basic Introduction to Computers

• Chapter 2: Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and Internet

• Chapter 3: Software for Systems

• Chapter 4: System Unit Components

• Chapter 5: Understanding Input

• Chapter 6: Understanding Output

• Chapter 7: Types of Storage

• Chapter 8: Types of Utility Programs and Operating Systems

• Chapter 9: Networks and Communications

• Chapter 10: Managing a Database

• Chapter 11: Manage Computing Securely, Safely, and Ethically

• Chapter 12: Exploring Information System Development

• Chapter 13: Computer Programs and Programming Languages

• Chapter 14: Enterprise Computing

• Chapter 15: Careers in Computer and Certification

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• Scan and add all figures, captions, and tables.

• Add Review Questions.

• Add Homework at end of http://www.csie.ntu.

edu.tw/~fuh/fcourse/shelly2012/Chapter01.p pt

• Add topics and explain in detail.

• Add jokes.

• Design two questions and answers.

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Prob1B. 劉立彥 .doc

• 1. (10%) What are the four steps in Informatio n Processing Cycle?

• Answer: Input, Processing, Output, Storage.

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I have a dream.

Martin Luther King Jr.

• ACM: Association for Computing Machinery

• ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest

• http://acm.uva.es/problemset/

• solving 20 problems = 5 points, 50 problems = 10 points

• 100 problems = 20 points, 200 problems = 30 points, 400 prob lems = 40 points

• all problems with on-line judge = 50 points

• tell me the number of problems solved immediately before fin

al examination

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Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012 Chapter 1

Basic Introduction to Computers

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Objectives Overview

Explain why computer literacy is vital to success in today’s world

Define the term, computer, and describe

the relationship between data and

information Define the term, computer, and describe

the relationship between data and

information

Describe the five components of a

computer

Describe the five components of a

computer

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when

working with computers

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when

working with computers

Define the term, network, and identify

benefits of sharing resources on a network

Define the term, network, and identify

benefits of sharing resources on a network

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World

Wide Web

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World

Wide Web

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 8

See Page 3

for Detailed Objectives

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Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system software and application

software

Distinguish between system software and application

software

Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category

Describe the role of each element in an information

system

Describe the role of each element in an information

system

Explain how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users

each interact with computers

Explain how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users

each interact with computers

Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health

care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health

care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing

See Page 3

for Detailed Objectives

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A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1

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What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating und er the control of instructions stored in its own me mory

Page 6

Collects data (input)

Processing

Produces information

(output)

Information Processing Cycle

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What Is a Computer?

Page 6 Figure 1-2

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The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mech anical components known as hardware

Pages 6 - 8

Allo • ws yo u to en ter d ata and ins truc tio ns in to a co mput

er mput co a to ns in tio truc ins and ata d ter en u to yo ws Allo •

Input Device er

Input Device

Har • dwar

e c om pone nt th at co nve ys in fo rm ati on to o ne o r m ore pe opl

e opl pe ore r m ne o o to on ati rm fo in ys nve co at th nt pone om e c dwar Har •

Output Device e

Output Device

Cas • e t hat co nta in s t he e le ctr oni c c om pone nts o f the co mput er tha t a re

used to pr oce ss data

Cas • e t hat co nta in s t he e le ctr oni c c om pone nts o f the co mput er tha t a re

used to pr oce ss data

System Unit System Unit

Rec • ords (w rit es) and/

or ret rie ves (r eads ) it em s t o a nd fr om st ora ge medi

a medi ge ora st om nd fr o a s t em ) it eads (r ves rie ret or and/ es) rit (w ords Rec •

Storage Device a

Storage Device

Ena • bles a co mput er to se nd and

rec eiv e da ta, ins tru cti on s, a nd

in fo rm ati on to and fro

m o ne o r m ore co mput ers o r m obi le de vic es

Ena • bles a co mput er to se nd and

rec eiv e da ta, ins tru cti on s, a nd

in fo rm ati on to and fro

m o ne o r m ore co mput ers o r m obi le de vic

Communications es

Device

Communications

Device

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 14 Page 7

Figure 1-3

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Advantages of Using Computers

Disadvantages of Using Computers

Speed Speed Reliability Reliability Consistency Consistency

Storage Storage

Communications Communications

Health Risks Health Risks Violation of Privacy Violation of Privacy

Public Safety Public Safety

Impact on Labor Force Impact on Labor Force Impact on Environment Impact on Environment

Pages 9 - 10

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

• Green computing involves reducing the electricity consu med and environmental waste generated when using a c omputer

• Strategies include:

– Recycling

– Regulating manufacturing processes – Extending the life of computers

– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Page 10

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Networks and the Internet

• A network is a collectio n of computers and devi ces connected together, often wirelessly, via com munications devices an d transmission media

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• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that c onnects millions of businesses, government agencies, ed ucational institutions, and individuals

Page 11 Figure 1-7

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• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Access Information

Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

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• A social networking Web site encourages membe rs to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users

Page 14 Figure 1-9

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Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the comput er what tasks to perform and how to perform the m

Pages 15 - 16 Figures 1-10 - 1-11

System Software

• Operating system

• Utility program

System Software

• Operating system

• Utility program

Application Software

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Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardw are

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Computer Software

• A programmer develops software or writes the i nstructions that direct t he computer to process data into information

Page 18 Figure 1-13

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Categories of Computers

Embedded computers Embedded computers

Supercomputers Supercomputers

Mainframes Mainframes

Servers Servers Game consoles Game consoles

Mobile computers and mobile devices Mobile computers and mobile devices

Personal computers Personal computers

Page 19

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Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Appl e

– Desktop computer

Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Personal computer you can carry from place to place

Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs

Mobile Computer

Computing device small enough to hold in your hand

Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e- book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras

Mobile Device Mobile

Device

Pages 20 - 23

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer Notebook computer

Tablet PC Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader E-book reader

Pages 20 - 22 Figures 1-17 – 1-20

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer Handheld computer Portable media player Portable media player

Digital camera Digital camera

Pages 22 - 23 Figures 1-21 – 1-23

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Game Consoles

• A game console is a mo bile computing device d esigned for single-player or multiplayer video ga mes

Page 24 Figure 1-24

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Servers

• A server controls access to the hardware, softwa re, and other resources on a network

– Provides a centralized st orage area for programs, data, and information

Page 25 Figure 1-25

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Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful co mputer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simu ltaneously

Page 25 Figure 1-26

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Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful co mputer

– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing mor e than one quadrillion instructions in a single second

Page 25 Figure 1-27

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Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose com puter that functions as a component in a larger pr oduct

Page 26

Consumer Electronics Consumer Electronics

• Mobile and digital telephones

• Digital televisions

• Cameras

• Video recorders

• DVD players and recorders

• Answering machines

• Mobile and digital telephones

• Digital televisions

• Cameras

• Video recorders

• DVD players and recorders

• Answering machines

Home Automation Devices Home Automation

Devices

• Thermostats

• Sprinkling systems

• Security

monitoring systems

• Appliances

• Lights

• Thermostats

• Sprinkling systems

• Security

monitoring systems

• Appliances

• Lights

Automobiles Automobiles

• Antilock brakes

• Engine control modules

• Airbag controller

• Cruise control

• Antilock brakes

• Engine control modules

• Airbag controller

• Cruise control

Process Controllers and Robotics Process Controllers

and Robotics

• Remote monitoring systems

• Power monitors

• Machine controllers

• Medical devices

• Remote monitoring systems

• Power monitors

• Machine controllers

• Medical devices

Computer Devices and Office Machines

• Keyboards

• Printers

• Faxes

• Copiers

• Keyboards

• Printers

• Faxes

• Copiers

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Figure 1-28

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Elements of an Information System

Hardware

Hardware Software Software Data Data

People

People Procedures Procedures

Page 27

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Figure 1-29

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Examples of Computer Usage

Home User

• Personal financial management

• Web access

• Communications

• Entertainment

Home User

• Personal financial management

• Web access

• Communications

• Entertainment

Small Office/Home Office User

• Look up information

• Send and receive e-mail messages

• Make telephone calls

Small Office/Home Office User

• Look up information

• Send and receive e-mail messages

• Make telephone calls

Mobile User

• Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet

• Transfer information

• Play video games

• Listen to music

• Watch movies

Mobile User

• Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet

• Transfer information

• Play video games

• Listen to music

• Watch movies

Pages 28 – 31 Figures 1-30 – 1-32

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Examples of Computer Usage

Power User

• Work with multimedia

• Use industry-specific software

Power User

• Work with multimedia

• Use industry-specific software

Enterprise User

• Communicate among employees

• Process high volumes of transactions

• Blog

Enterprise User

• Communicate among employees

• Process high volumes of transactions

• Blog

Pages 31 – 32 Figures 1-33 – 1-34

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Computer Applications in Society

Education Education Finance

Finance

Government Government Health Care Health Care

Pages 34 - 36 Figures 1-36 – 1-39

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Computer Applications in Society

Science Science

Publishing Publishing Travel

Travel

Manufacturing Manufacturing

Pages 36 - 38 Figures 1-40 – 1-43

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Video: Computer History in a Barn

CLICK TO START

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Summary

Basic computer concepts

Basic computer

concepts Components of a

computer

Components of a computer

Networks, the Internet, and computer software Networks, the Internet, and computer software

Many different categories of

computers, computer users, and computer applications in society

Many different categories of

computers, computer users, and computer applications in society

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Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012 Chapter 1

Basic Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Complete

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Project due Oct. 3

• Open your personal computer at home and list the hardware s pecification as detailed as possible, including the manufacture r, product type, and serial number. List every software installe d on your personal computer. For example: