第一部分第一部分第一部分第一部分：：：：

課 程 名 稱 ： 英 文 ( 二 ) 章 節 ： U n i t 9 、 文 法 原 班 級 ： 四 會 資 一 B 班 級 ： 四 財 一 A 學 號 ： 4 9 9 0 R 0 7 5 姓 名 ： 沈 俞 君

第一部分 第一部分 第一部分

第一部分： ： ： ：Unit9

動詞三態：

A-A-A (三態同形三態同形三態同形三態同形) 原式原式

原式原式 過去式過去式 過去式過去式 過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞 切切

切切 , 剪剪剪剪 cut cut cut 打擊

打擊打擊

打擊 hit hit hit

讀 讀讀

讀 read read read

痛痛

痛痛 , 傷害傷害傷害傷害 hurt hurt hurt A-B-A (原式和過去分詞同形原式和過去分詞同形原式和過去分詞同形原式和過去分詞同形)

原式 原式

原式原式 過去式過去式 過去式過去式 過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞 來

來來

來 come came come

跑跑跑

跑 run ran run

A-B-C (三態不同形三態不同形三態不同形) 三態不同形 原式

原式

原式原式 過去式過去式 過去式過去式 過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞 是是是

是 be was/were been

打破打破打破

打破 break broke broken

做 做做

做 do did done

落下 落下落下

落下 fall fell fallen

去 去去

去 go went gone

知道知道知道

知道 know knew known

騎 騎騎

騎 ride rode ridden

響 響響

響 ring rang rung

看 看看

看 see saw seen

拿拿拿

拿 take took taken

凍 凍凍

凍 freeze froze frozen

A-B-B (過去式和過去分詞同形過去式和過去分詞同形過去式和過去分詞同形過去式和過去分詞同形) 原式原式

原式原式 過去式過去式 過去式過去式 過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞 得到得到得到

得到 get got got/gotten

有 有有

有 have had had

說 說說

說 say said said

坐 坐坐

坐 sit sat sat

想想想

想 think thought thought

付款 付款付款

付款 pay paid paid

使使

使使 , 做做做做 make made made 遺失

遺失遺失

遺失 lose lost lost

文法說明：

The past continuous

What happened to you?

I hurt my knee while I was jogging in the park.

While I was driving to the hospital, I had a car accident.

How did it happen?

I was playing soccer when I ran into another player.

I was learning to windsurf when I crashed into someone.

文法練習：

◇ ◇

◇ ◇

1. I was playing tennis c a. while I was making a salad.

2. I cut my finger a b. when I ran into a door.

3. I tripped over some toys d c. when I sprained my ankle.

4. I was driving with my father e d. while I was cleaning the house.

5. She was riding down a hill f e. when we had a car accident.

6. I wasn’t paying attention b f. when she fell off her bike.

◇ ◇

◇ ◇

1. She burned (burn) her finger while she was cooking (cook) dinner.

2. I was walking (walk) down the street when I hit (hit) my head on a sign.

3. I was running (run) to class when I fell (fall) down the stairs.

4. He was playing (play) basketball when he hurt (hurt) his back.

5. While we were running (run) for the train, we crashed (crash) into each other.

6. I slipped (slip) on some ice while I was skiing (ski) with friends.

◇

◇

◇

◇

A I was walking to school when I fell and broke my arm.

B What did you do ?

A I went home. I didn’t go to school all week!

1. I was walking to school when

2. I cut myself while…I was making a salad.

3. I got a bad sunburn when 4. While I was on vacation, 5. I was shopping when

第二部分 第二部分 第二部分

第二部分： ： ： ：文法 文法 文法 文法

※ ※

※ ※動詞的五大句型 動詞的五大句型 動詞的五大句型 動詞的五大句型※ ※ ※ ※

句子依其動詞的種類，可以分成五種基本句型

說明：

(1)“及物動詞 Vt”和“不及物動詞 “及物動詞”需要“受詞

“不及物動詞”不需要“

(2)有些動詞可作“及物動詞 用什在麼樣的語句裡

Ex：The news set me thinking. ( The sun has set

第一句的 set 是“及物動詞

是“不及物動詞”因為它並沒有受詞

(3)我們不應憑一個動詞的中文譯法去斷它是 watch 和 look 都可譯為

詞”。

動詞 動詞 動詞 動詞

不及物動詞

及物動詞

t go to school all week!

I was walking to school when…I fell and broke my finger.

I was making a salad.

I got a bad sunburn when…I hurt my back.

While I was on vacation, ...I had a car accident.

I was shopping when…I ran into a door.

※ ※

※ ※

可以分成五種基本句型

不及物動詞 Vi”的分別是﹕

受詞”

“受詞”

及物動詞”也可作“不及物動詞”。我們必須看清楚這個動詞是 用什在麼樣的語句裡，再作決定。

me thinking. (這消息使我陷入沉思。) set. (太陽已下沉。)

及物動詞”，因為它後面有 me 作它的受詞。第二句中的 因為它並沒有受詞。

我們不應憑一個動詞的中文譯法去斷它是“及物動詞”或“不及物動詞 都可譯為“注意”，但 watch 是“及物動詞”而 look

不及物動詞(Vi)

完全不及物﹕S+ Vi 不完全不及物﹕S+ Vi+SC

及物動詞(Vt)

完全及物﹕S+ Vt+O 授與動詞﹕S+ Vt+IO+DO 不完全及物﹕S+ Vt+O+OC

我們必須看清楚這個動詞是

第二句中的 set

不及物動詞”，Ex：

look 是“不及物動 S+ Vi

S+ Vi+SC S+ Vt+O S+ Vt+IO+DO

S+ Vt+O+OC

第一句型完全不及物：S+Vi

觀念 動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念，，，不需受詞及補語，不需受詞及補語不需受詞及補語。不需受詞及補語。。 。

例句

1. Flowers bloom. (花開。) S Vi

2. It rained last night. (昨夜下雨。) S Vi 修飾語

說明：

此句型常與修飾語連用，有下列之變化型式﹕

○¹S+Vi+Adv

〔副詞不是句子的主要結構，可增加減。〕

She went upstairs. (她上樓去。) Time flies like an arrow. (光陰似箭。) ○²There+Vi+S

There is a lamp on the desk. (在桌上有一盞燈。) ○³S+Vi+介詞+O

〔不及物動詞沒有受詞，但加了介系詞以後，也可接受詞。〕

He looks at me. (他看著我。)

I insisted on singing. (我堅持繼續唱。) ○⁴S+Vi+to+V

He stopped to take a rest. (他停下來休息。)

第二句型不完全不及物：S+Vi+SC

觀念 動詞本身就可以表達完整的意義動詞本身就可以表達完整的意義動詞本身就可以表達完整的意義動詞本身就可以表達完整的意義，，，需要主詞補語，需要主詞補語需要主詞補語。需要主詞補語。。 。

例句

I feel hungry. (我感到有點餓。) SC

He is a doctor. (他是個醫生。) SC

Sugar tastes sweet. (糖嚐起來是甜的。) SC

說明：

○¹用以補充說明的情況者，稱為主詞補語。

They are ···(他們是···)

The leaves turned ···in fall.(葉子變成···)

上面兩句雖然有主詞和動詞，但是主詞意思還是不完整。必須再 補充幾個字。這補充說明的字，就叫做主詞補語。

They are scientists. (他們是科學家。)

Leaves turned red in fall. (葉子在秋天變成紅色。)

○²此種句型常與 be 動詞或連綴動詞連用﹕

be 動詞：

連綴動詞：

“似乎”類﹕seem , appear

“感覺”類﹕feel , look , sound , smell, taste

“變成”類﹕become , come , go , get , grow , run , turn , fall

“仍然”類﹕remain, continue, stay am/is was

are were

第三句型完全及物：S+Vt+O

觀念 動詞本身需要一個受詞動詞本身需要一個受詞動詞本身需要一個受詞動詞本身需要一個受詞，，，方可使句意完整，方可使句意完整方可使句意完整。方可使句意完整。。 。

例句

We learn English. (我們學英文。) O

Thank you very much.(很感謝你。) O

I will have a good time. (我會玩得很開心。) O

說明：

受詞的形態包括：名詞、代名詞、形容詞、不定詞、動名詞、名詞片語、名詞子句等。

○¹I wrote a letter. (我寫了一封信。) (名詞名詞名詞名詞)

○²The result disappoints me. (結果使我失望。) (代名詞代名詞代名詞代名詞)

○³The rich should help the poor. (有錢人應幫助窮人。) (the+形容詞形容詞形容詞) 形容詞

○⁴My watch needs repairing. (我的錶需要修理。) (動名詞動名詞動名詞動名詞)

○⁵I hope to see my girlfriend. (我想去看我的女朋友。) (不定詞不定詞不定詞不定詞)

○⁶I do not know what to do . (我不知所措。) (名詞片語名詞片語名詞片語名詞片語)

○⁷Do you know where he lives? (你知道他住何處嗎?) (名詞子句名詞子句名詞子句名詞子句)

第四句型授與動詞：S+Vt+IO+DO

觀念 動詞需要兩個受詞動詞需要兩個受詞動詞需要兩個受詞動詞需要兩個受詞，，，句意才能完整，句意才能完整句意才能完整。句意才能完整。。 。

例句

He bought me a book. (他買一本書給我。) 間接受詞(人) 直接受詞(物)

Tell me what he said. (告訴我他說了什麼。) 間接受詞(人) 直接受詞(物)

說明：

○¹凡有兩個受詞〔間接受詞(表人)，直接受詞(表物)〕的動詞，稱之為授與動詞。

IO DO

○²直接受詞與間接受詞對詞時，應加適當的介系詞﹕

□¹The sun gives us light and heat. (太陽給我們光和熱。) ＝The sun gives light and heat to us.

□²I will buy you a bicycle. (我要買一輛自行車給你。) ＝I will buy a bicycle for you.

□³He asked me a question.

＝He asked a question of me. (他問我一個問題。)

○³

授與動詞授與動詞

授與動詞授與動詞 介系詞介系詞介系詞介系詞 pay(付)、give(給)、lend(借給)、send(寄給)、show(指示)、offer(提

供)、tell(告訴)、sell(賣)、teach(教)、write(寫給)、bring(帶來)、

deliver(遞送)

to

buy(買給)、make(做)、get(取得)、choose(選擇)、leave(留給)、

order(訂購) for

ask(要求；問) of

play(做) on

第五句型不完全及物：S+Vt+O+OC

觀念 動詞本身有一個受詞外動詞本身有一個受詞外動詞本身有一個受詞外動詞本身有一個受詞外，，，還需要一個受詞補語，還需要一個受詞補語還需要一個受詞補語。還需要一個受詞補語。。 。

例句

We elected him chairman. (我們選他為主席。) O OC

I found the room empty. (我發現房間是空的。) O OC

He had his watch stolen. (他的錶被偷了。) O OC

說明：

○¹以名詞為受詞補語的動詞有“elect, choose, make, appoint”； 若是指“一個人 可以擔任的職位”時，便應影省略冠詞，如﹕

They elected him President. (他們選他為總統。) ＜比較＞He made her a servant. (他僱她僕人。)

○²以形容詞為受詞補語﹕

試比較下列各句之異同﹕

I found the book. (我找到了這本書。)〔S+Vt+O〕

I found the book easily. (我容易地找到了這本書。)〔S+Vt+O〕

(副詞)

I found the book easy. (我覺得這本書容易。)〔S+Vt+O+OC〕

(形容詞)

○³以不定詞為受詞補語﹕

He asked me to take off my shoes.(我要我脫掉鞋子。)

They warned me not to come early.(他們警告我不可早到。)

○⁴以V-ing 或 P.P.為受詞補語﹕

S Vt O OC

We heard somebody laughing.

I found the man Stealing the money.

I caught them kissing each other.

I must have my hair cut.

He can not make himself understood.

I heard my name called.

註﹕◇¹ 以 V-ing 當受詞補語的受詞是“發出動作”者，表主動。

而以 P.P.當受詞補語的受詞是“接受動作”者，表被動。

◇² 此類動詞有﹕

See/hear/feel

Keep/leave/find/catch Make/have/get

※

※

※ ※練習題 練習題 練習題 練習題※ ※ ※ ※

D1. I am sorry to have kept you . (A)to wait (B)wait (C)waited (D)waiting

B2. I found the dog over by a car on the road.

(A)to run (B)run (C)ran (D)running C3. Mary is going to have her hair . (A)did (B)to do (C)done (D)do

A4. I felt somebody me.

(A)touch (B)touched (C)to touch (D)touches D5. He taught me .

(A)how should I speak English (B)how spoke English (C)how speak English (D)how to speak English (E)how can I speak English

B6. I shall make your dream .

(A)coming truly (B)come true (C)to come true (D)comes true A7. He told home.

(A)us not to go (B)we not go (C)us not go (D)us to not go (E)we not go to A8. The food tastes .

(A)good (B)well (C)goodness (D)deliciously A9. He looks .

(A)happy (B)happyily (C)happiness (D)unhappiness CD10. We found the baby on the floor. (複選) (A)slept (B)sleep (C)asleep (D)sleeping

D11. The speaker found himself all alone.

(A)leave (B)to leave (C)leaving (D)left B12. Canned foods do not go easily.

(A)sourly (B)sour (C)souring (D)soured

B13. Even in bed his uneasiness about his riches kept him . (A)wake (B)awake (C)waken (D)to waken

A14. He is still unable to make himself in English; his English is too poor.

(A)understood (B)understands (C)understanding (D)understand D15. She found her money .

(A)steal (B)to steal (C)stealing (D)stolen

※

※

※ ※假設語氣 假設語氣 假設語氣 假設語氣※ ※ ※ ※ 重點一

重點一 重點一 重點一： ： ： ：

與現在事實相反的假設語氣

Note

從屬子句 主要子句

If+ S. + were……

過去式 V.

S. + would/should +原形 V.

could/might +原形 V.

Example 1. If I were you, I would tell the truth.

2. If he had money, he could buy it.

重點二 重點二 重點二 重點二： ： ： ：

與過去事實相反的假設語氣

Note

從屬子句 主要子句

If + S. +had+P.P. S. +would/should+have P.P.

could/might + have P.P.

Example 1. If I had had enough time, I would have gone with you.

2. If he hadn't lost the money, he could have bought a bicycle.

重點三 重點三 重點三 重點三： ： ： ：

If 引導的句子也可以表示未來可能發生的事

Note

從屬子句 主要子句

If+ S. + 現在式 V. S. +will (can, may)+ 原形 V.

祈使句(以原形 V.為首) Example 1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.

2. If you take off your jacket, you will catch a cold.

重點四 重點四 重點四 重點四： ： ： ：

Should 表萬一的假設法

Note 從屬子句 主要子句

If + S. + should + 原 V. S. + will (should) +原 V.

Example 1. If I should fail, I will ( or would ) + 原 V.

2. If it should rain tomorrow, the picnic will be cancelled.

重點五 重點五 重點五 重點五： ： ： ：

省略If 的倒裝寫法

Note (1).Were + S. + Adj./N. …, S.+ would +原 V.

(2). Should + S. + 原 V. …, S. + would +原 V.

(3). Had + S. + P.P. …, S. + would + have+ P.P.

Example

1. If I were young, I would learn to ski.

= Were I young, I would learn to ski.

2. If I had been there, I would have helped you.

= Had I been there, I would have helped you.

3. If it should rain, they would not come.

= Should it rain, they would not come.

重點六 重點六 重點六 重點六： ： ： ：

表但願的假設法

Note (1). I wish (that) S. + were/ V-ed →與現在事實相反 (2). I wish (that) S. + had + P.P. →與過去事實相反

Example

1. I wish I were a millionaire.

2. I wish I could speak English fluently.

3. I wish I had been in France last year.

4. I wish I had studied English well in my youth.

重點七 重點七 重點七 重點七： ： ： ：

表好像的假設法

Note (1). S. + V. + as if + S. + were/V-ed →與現在事實相反 (2). S. + V. + as if + S. + had + P.P. →與過去事實相反 Example 1. The child talks as if he were a man.

2. He talks as if he had known the news yesterday.

※

※

※ ※練習題 練習題 練習題 練習題※ ※ ※ ※

A1 If it ___ tomorrow, we won't go to the Palace.

(A) rains (B) rained (C) will rain (D) shall rain D2 But for air, we ___ live.

(A) can (B) can not (C) could (D) could not D3 ___I not so busy, I would do it.

(A)If (B) Was (C) Are (D) Were D4 If only I ___ to ski then.

(A) learn (B) learned (C) have learned (D) had learned C5 ___ I you, I would not think so.

(A) If (B) Am (C) Were (D) Had