PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL BY ANODE WATER REMOVAL TECHNIQUE
陳玠汶、鄭錕燦
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
WITH THE MERITS OF HIGH ENERGY DENSITY, EASY TO START AND SHUTDOWN, LONGEVITY, POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL (PEFC) IS THE MOST PROSPECTIVE ONE AMONG LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS .PEFC FITS FOR THE USE ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE, LAPTOP COMPUTER, CELLULAR PHONE, AND IT GOES WITHOUT SAYING THAT PEFC WILL BECOME VERY POPULAR IN THE NEAR FUTURE. "WATER MANAGEMENT" IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF PEFC. GOOD WATER MANAGEMENT ENSURES HIGHER EFFIC -IENCY AND GOOD PERFORMANCE. SO WATER MANAGEMENT IS ONE OF THE CRUCIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF PE -FC.THE PRESENT RESEARCH IS ABOUT THE WATER MANAGEMENT OF PEFC. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS RESEARCH ARE TO CONSTRUCT A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PEFC AND TO SET UP A COMPUTER CODE FOR SIMULATION. THIS COMPUTER CODE WAS THEN USED TO SIMULATE THE OPERAT -ION OF A PEFC.THE VARIATION OF WATER CONTENT IN THE PEM AND THE FLOODING IN THE CATHDE WE -RE INVESTIGATED.IN ADDITION TO THAT,THE IMPROVEMENT OF PEFC PERFORMANCE BY APPLYING THE T -ECHNIQUE OF ANODE WATER REMOVAL WAS STUDIED.
Keywords : PEFC、THE TECHNIQUE OF ANODE WATER REMOVAL、WATER MANAGEMENT、FLOODING
、PERFORMANCE
Table of Contents
第一章 緒論--P1 1.1前言--P1 1.2燃料電池的介紹--P2 1.2.1燃料電池的基本原理--P2 1.2.2燃料電池的性能--P3 1.2.3燃料電池 的種類--P5 1.2.4 質子交換膜燃料電池的構造及待解決的問題--P6 1.3陽極除水法的基本原理--P9 1.4文獻回顧--P9 1.5研究動 機與目的-P11 第二章 研究方法--P13 2.1可逆電壓--P14 2.2歐姆過電位--P15 2.2.1質子交換膜所造成的歐姆過電位--P15 2.2.2 氣體擴散層所造成的歐姆阻抗--P16 2.2.3 流道板所造成的歐姆阻抗--P17 2.3陰極過電位--P17 2.3.1陰極的統御方程式--P17 2.3.2陰極的邊界條件--P21 2.4陰極之質傳現象--P22 2.5陰極的水平衡--P24 第三章 結果與討論--P34 3.1理論模型之驗證--P34 3.2質子交換膜燃料電池內部性質的變化情形--P35 3.2.1觸媒層內部性質的變化情形--P35 3.2.2質子交換膜的性能變化情 形--P38 3.3以陽極除水法提高質子交換膜燃料電池性能之探討--P38 第四章 結論與建議--P41 參考文獻--P43
REFERENCES
1.鄭雅堂,"燃料電池發電技術"汽電共生報導,第十四期,1998 2.田中正三郎著,賴耿陽譯,"應用電化學",復漢出版社P43 3.KARL KORDESCH, GUNTER SIMADER, "FUEL CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS" WENHEIM.NEW YORK.BAS
-EL.CAMBRIDGE.TOKYO, PP.45 4.KARL KORDESCH GUNTER SIMADER, "FUEL CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS"
WENHEIM.NEW YORK.BASE -L.CAMBRIDGE.TOKYO, PP.29 5.D.M. BERNARDI, M.W.VERBRUGGE, "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE BONDED T -O A POLYMER ELECTROLYTE", AICHE JOURNAL, VOL.37, NO.8, PP.1151~1163,1991. 6.T.E. SPRINGER, M.S. WILSON, S. GOTTESFELD, "MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS IN PO -LYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS", JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY , VOL.140 , PP. 3513~3526, 1993. 7.J.J.
BASCHUK ,X.LI,"MOLDELLING OF POLYMER ELECTRLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL WITH VARIABLE D -EGREES OF WATER FLOODING",JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 86,181~196,2000 8.T. OKADA,GANG XIE AND MORTEN MEEG
"SIMULATION FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN MEMBRANES FOR PO -LYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL",
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA VOL. 43, NOS. 14-15, PP. 2141-2155, 1998 9.C. MARR,X. LI,"COMPOSITION AND PERFORMANCE MODELING OF CATALYST LAYER IN A PROTON EXCHA -NGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL", JOURNAL OF POWER
SOUECES,VOL.77,PP.17-27,1999 10.H. H. VOSS, D. P. WILKNSION, P. G. PICKUP, M. C. JOHNSON, V. BASURA,"ANODE WATER REMOVE -AL: A WATER MANAGEMENT AND DIGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE FOR SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELL",ELECTROCHI -MICA ACTA. VOL.40, NO.3, PP. 321-328,1995 11.HISNG, I., FUTERKO, P., "TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF WATER TRANSPORT IN POLYMER ELECT -ROLYTE FUEL CELLS," CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGSCIENCE, VOL. 55, PP. 4209-4218, 2000.
12.T.E.SPRINGER, T. A. ZAWODZINSKI, AND S. GOTTESFELD "POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL MODEL "JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 138 NO.8 P2334~P2342,1991 13.D.STASCHEWSKI, "INTERNAL HUMINDIFYING OF PEM FUEL CELL", INT. J. HYDROGEN ENERGY, VOL. 21, NO.5 PP. 381-385,1996 14.M.ISE, K.D. KREUER, J. MAIER,
"ELECTROOSMOTIC DRAG IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES: AN ELECTROPHORETIC NMR STUDY" SOLID STATE IONIC VOL. 125, PP. 213-223,1999 15.TATSUHIOR OKADA, STEFFEN MOLLER-HOLST,ODDVAR GORSETH, SIGNE KJELSTRUP "TRANSPORT AND EQ -UILIBRIUM PROPERTIES OF NAFIONR MEMBRANES WITH H+ AND NA+ IONS"
JOUNAL OF ELECTROANALY -TICAL CHEMISTRY VOL.442, PP.137-145, 1998 16.X. GONG, A. BANDIS, A. TAO, G. MERESI, Y.
WANG, P.T. INGLEFIELD, A.A. JONES, W.-Y. WEN "SELF-DIFFUSION OF WATER, ETHANOL AND DECAFLUROPENTANE IN PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMER BY PULSE FIELD GRADIENT NMR" POLYMER 42, PP.6485-6492, 2001 17.D. RIVIN, C.E.
KENDRICK, P.W. GIBSON, N.S. SCHNEIDER "SOLUBILITY AND TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR OF WATER AND ALCOHOLS IN NAFIONTM " POLYMER VOL.42, PP.623-635, 2001 18.KYOUNG-HWAN CHOI, DONG-HYUN PECK, CHANG SOO KIM, DONG-RYUL SHIN, TAE-HEE LEE, "WATER TR -ANSPORT IN POLYMER MEMBRANES FOR PEMFC" JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES VOL.86, PP.197-201, 2000 19.THOMAS F. FULLER AND JOHN NEWMAN "EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE TRANSPORT NUMBER OF WATER IN NAFION 117 MEMBRANE" J. ELECTROCHEM. SOC., VOL.139 ,NO.5 ,MAY 1992 20.FELIX N. BUCHI AND GUNTHER G. SCHERER "INVESTIGATION OF THE TRANSVERSAL WATER PROFILE I -N NAFION MEMBRANESIN IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS" JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, VOL.148(3) A183-A188 ,2001 21.THOMAS A. ZAWODZINSKI,JR.,CHARLES DEROUIN,SUSAN RADZINSKI,RUTH J. SHERMAN,VAN T.
SMITH, THOMAS E. SPRINGER, AND SHIMSHON GOTTESFELD "WATER UPTAKE BY AND TRANSPORT THROUGH NAFF -IONR 117 MEMBRANES" J. ELECTROCHEM. SOC., VOL. 140, NO.4, APRIL 1993 22.XIAOMING REN, WESLEY HENDERSON, AND SHIMSHON GOTTESFELD "ELECTRO-OSMOTUC DRAG OF WATER IN IONOMERIC MEMBRANES" J. ELECTROCHEM.
SOC., VOL. 144, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 1997 23.SATHYA MOTUPALLY, AARON J. BECKER,AND JOHN W. WEIDNER "DIFFUSION OF WATER IN NAFION 115 MEMBRANES" JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 147(9),PP. 3171-3177,2000 24.THOMAS A. ZAWODZINSKI, JOHN DAVEY, JUDITH VALERIO, AND SHIMSHON GOTTESFELD "THE WATER C -ONTENT DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRO-OSMOTIC DRAG IN PROTON-CONDUCTING POLYMER ELECTROLYTES" E
-LECTROCHIMICA ACTA, VOL.40 NO.3, PP.297-302, 1995 25.TRUNG V. NGUYEN AND RALPH E. WHILE "A WATER AND HEAT MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR PROTON-EXCHAN -GE MEMBRANES FUEL CELLS" J. ELECTROCHEM. SOC., VOL. 140, NO. 8, AUGUST 1993 26.THOMAS A. ZAWODZINSKI, JR., THOMAS E. SPRINGER, JOHN DAVEY, ROGER JESTEL,CHUZ LOPEZ,AND SHIMSHON GOTTESFELD "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WATER UPTAKE BY AND TRANSPORT THOUGH IONOME -RIC FUEL CELL MEMBRANES" J. ELECTROCHEM. SOC., VOL. 140, NO. 7, JULY 1993 27.JAMES T. HINATSU, MINORU MIZUHATA, AND HIROYASU TAKENAKA "WATER UPTAKE OF PERFLUOROSULF -ONIC ACID MEMBRANES FROM LIQUID WATER AND WATER VAPOR", J. ELECTROCHEM. SOC., VOL.141, NO. 6, JUNE 1994 28.YONG WOO RHO, OMOURTAG A. VELEV, AND SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN, "MASS TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS USING O2/HE, O2/AR AND O2/N2 MIXTURES" J. ELECTR -OCHEM. SOC., VOL.141.NO.8, PP.2084~2088, AUGUST1994 .
