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A Study on CMOS RF Front-End LNA Circuit 林愷、陳勛祥

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A Study on CMOS RF Front-End LNA Circuit 林愷、陳勛祥

E-mail: 9223483@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

A CMOS Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) which is suitable for Radio Frequency (RF) wireless applications will be investigated in this paper. A fully integrated 2.38-GHz CMOS LNA implemented by using 0.25μm CMOS technology with 2.5V power supply. The main simulation points are input/output impedance matching, isolation, power gain, linearity and power consumption. Through adjusting the component values of LNA, we can find out the optimization of LNA. Simulation results show that the LNA has the features of power gain of 20dB, noise figure of 1.5dB, IP3 of -18dBm, power dissipation of 18.5mW, and well-matched input/output.

Keywords : CMOS LNA ; wireless ; fully integrated amplifier ; low noise ; noise figure ; 1-dB compression ; IP3 Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書……… iii 中文摘要………

……… iv 英文摘要……… v 誌謝………

……… vi 目錄……… vii 圖目錄………

……… x 表目錄……… xii 第一章 緒論 ………

………1 第二章 射頻積體電路的基本觀念 ………3 2.1 導論………

………3 2.2 基本觀念………3 2.2.1 線性與非線性系統………

…3 2.2.2 諧波………4 2.2.3 增益壓縮………5 2.2.4 阻隔………

………7 2.2.5 互調變………8 2.2.6 敏感度………

…12 2.2.7 動態範圍………13 2.3 串級系統………14 2.3.1 串級系 統的雜訊指數………14 2.3.2 串級系統的非線性現象………15 第三章 射頻積體化被動元件的特 性 ………16 3.1 導論………16 3.2 電阻………

………16 3.2.1 多晶矽電阻………17 3.2.2 源極汲極擴散電阻………18 3.2.3 井區電阻………19 3.2.4 金氧半電晶體電阻………20 3.2.5 金屬連接層電阻………

………20 3.3 電容………20 3.3.1 平行板電容 ………

…21 3.3.2 橫向電容 ………23 3.3.3 電晶體電容 ………23 3.3.4 接面電容 …

………24 3.4 電感………25 3.4.1 螺旋電感的佈局方式 ………

………25 3.4.2 螺旋電感的模型 ………28 3.5 連接線電感………33 第四章 低雜訊放大器結構設計 ………36 4.1 電路概述………37 4.2 串疊結構………38 4.2.1 減輕米勒效應的影響………38 4.2.2 輸出阻抗變大…

………40 4.2.3 較共源串級放大器省電………41 4.2.4 輸出電壓擺幅減小………

…42 4.2.5 雜訊指數較共串級放大器差………43 4.3 輸入匹配網路………43 4.3.1 常用的 四種輸入級………43 4.3.2 本文所採用的輸入級………46 4.3.3 阻抗匹配的計算………

………47 4.4 偏壓電路………48 4.5 增益………

…49 4.6 雜訊指數………52 第五章 模擬結果與佈局圖 ………54 5.1 阻抗匹配模擬………54 5.2 反向隔絕模擬………56 5.3 功率增益 模擬………57 5.4 線性度模擬………58 5.4.1 1dB 壓縮點…………

………58 5.4.2 三階截止點………59 5.5 雜訊指數模擬………

…60 5.6 穩定度模擬………61 5.7 溫度變異模擬………62 5.8 供應 電壓變異模擬………63 5.9 Corner Model模擬 ………64 5.10 佈局平面圖 ……

………65 第六章 結論 ………67 REFERENCES

[1] Jan Crols and Michiel Steyaet, “CMOS Wireless Transceiver Design,” Kluwer Academic Dublishers, 1995 [2] Sedra and Smith,

“Microelectronic Circuit, 3rd edition,” Saunders College Publishing, 1991 [3] B.Razavi, “RF Microelectronics:Chapter 2, Basic Concepts in

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RF Design,” second edition, Prentice Hall, 1997 [4] H.T. Friis, “Noise Figure of Radio Receivers,” Proc. IRE. Vol32, pp.419-422, July 1944.

[5] Thomas H.Lee, “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits:Chapter 2.2, Resistors,” Cambridge, 1998 [6] J. L. McCreary,

"Matching Properties, and Voltage and Temperature Dependence of MOS Capacitors," IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, v. SC-16, no. 6, December 1981, pp. 608-16.

[7] P. Yue et al., “A Physical Model for Planar Spiral Inductors on Silicon,” IEDM Proceedings, December 1996 [8] H.A. Wheeler, “Simple Inductance Formulas for Radio Coils,” IRE Proceedings, 1928, p.1398.

[9] The ARRL Handbook, American Radio Relay League, Newington, CT, 1992, pp.2-18 [10] Huang, J. C., R. M. Weng, C. C. Chang, K. Hsu and K. Y. Lin, “A 2V 2.4GHz Fully Integrated CMOS LNA,” Circuits and Systems, 2001. ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on, Volume: 4, 6-9 May 2001, Page(s): 466 -469 vol. 4.

[11] 廖文裕, “CMOS低雜訊放大器之研究,” 國立清華大學電機工程學系碩士班碩士論文, 民國88年 [12] 林哲煜(民91),Design of RF CMOS IC,CIC訓練課程(A602)。

[13] Thomas H.Lee, “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits:Chapter 11.3, LNA Topologies:Power Match Versus Noise Match,” Cambridge, 1998.

[14] 方勝鴻, “無線通訊之單晶片CMOS低雜訊放大器設計,” 國立清華大學電子工程研究所碩士論文, 民國89年 [15] Agilent

Technologies, “Advanced Design System Fundamentals,” 安捷倫高科技學院講義, p.5-18 [16] El-Gamal, M.N., R.A. Rafla, “2.4-5.8 GHz CMOS LNA's using integrated inductors,” Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE Midwest Symposium, 2000, vol.1, 302 -304.

[17] Debono, C.J., F. Maloberti and J. Micallef, “A 1.8 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier,” The 8th IEEE International Conference,2001, vol.3, 1111-1114.

[18] Zhao, H., J. Ren and Q. Zhang, ”A 3.3-V, 2-GHz CMOS low noise amplifier,” ASIC 4th International Conference, 2001, 818 -820.

[19] El-Diwany, E., H. El-Hennawy, H. Fouad and K. Sharaf, “An RF CMOS modified-cascode LNA with inductive source degeneration,”

Radio Science Nineteenth National Conference of the Proceedings NRSC, 2002, 450 -457.

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