河川高流量期磷負荷推估方法之研究

                                                                  htc2006冢䀋⣏⬠㔁⊁嗽 AcademicAffaisDivision,NationalTaiwanUniversityġ 䭉



୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢπᏢଣβЕπำᏢس റγፕЎ

Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering

National Taiwan University Doctoral Dissertation

ݞοଯࢬໆයᕗॄ಻௢՗Бݤϐࣴز Estimation of Phosphorus Loading in Rivers during High Flow Periods

ቅइֻ

Jih-Hung Liu

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ݅ ҅ ޱ റγ Advisor: Cheng-Fang Lin, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 102 ԃ 7 Д

Jul. 2013

ύЎᄔा

ᆵ᡼ޑН৤֡Ԗ܍ڙډᔼᎦᡶၸ౰ЇวᝯᜪғߏǴԶᏤठН৤ᓬᎦϯϐᗦኁǴ ჹܭᕗॄ಻ໆϐ௓ڋԋࣁΑᆢ࡭Н৤Н፦ޑനख़ाፐᚒǴ೚ӭӧᔭНவ٣ૡ༜܈

݀༜฻ޑၭ཰ࢲ୏ӧН৤ޑ΢ෞ໣Н୔຾ՉǴځ܌ౢғޑᔼᎦނх֖ᕗ೿ࢂڂࠠ

཮ӧଯࢬໆਔය཮ؑڇ຾ΕݞοޑԦࢉނǴ؂ԃεԖऊ 70ɴ90%а΢ޑᕗӧ೭ঁ

ਔයᙖҗݞοࢬΕН৤ǶኪߘჹӦय़ޑؑᔐத཮೷ԋβᝆؑᇑԶЇวݞούϐᝌ

ੌڰᡏނᐚࡋϐኪቚǴԶᗭಈᄊᕗΨࢂӧ೭ঁය໔೏ؑڇ຾ΕݞοǴ٬ளᗭಈᄊ ᕗޑ֖ໆԋΑଯࢬໆය໔ݞούᕴᕗϐЬाԋҽǶ

ҁࣴزܭ 2006 ԃӧᆨᆧН৤΢ෞങ຺ങᾴྛ໣Н୔΢ϐε݅ᐏࣁЬाࣴز௦ኬ ӦᗺǴҁࣴزჹܭНኬϐ֎ಥߕ୏ΚࣴزύǴว౜Н፦ኬࠔӧߥӸ 16 ঁλਔаࡕǴ ځݝࣳჹܭᕗϐ֎ǵಥߕբҔёаၲډѳᑽǴԶӧଯࢬໆਔයа܎਱ஏᅟ฻ྕ֎

ߕኳԄёаளډၨ٫ᗭಈᄊᕗϐኳᔕԋਏǴќѦ࣬ᜢၗ਑ΨҔܭ௢՗ 0609 ኪߘϷ ᅸճථረ॥ය໔ϐଯࢬໆය໔܌ౢғϐᕴᕗॄ಻ໆ՞Α 2006 ԃӄԃᕴᕗॄ಻ໆϐ 0.7%Ϸ 28.8%Ǵёـଯࢬໆය໔ϐᕴᕗॄ಻ໆ๱ჴ՞Αӄԃᕴᕗॄ಻ໆύࡐख़ाޑ

΋೽ϩǴќ൩᏾൑ኪߘය໔ϐऩаݞούϐ௦ኬၗ਑଺ࣁ௦ኬਔݞοӄᘐय़ϐ࣬

ᜢԦࢉނᐚࡋॶਔǴሡќѦԵໆ௦ኬᗺϐᒧ֟Ǵሡё٬Ԧࢉނᐚࡋӧݞοᘐय़ύ

ၲډֹӄషӝϐރᄊǴց߾௢՗БԄஒౢғ࣬྽ϐᇤৡǶ

ҁࣴزќѦܭਬऍረ॥Ϸ࣑࣑ረ॥ϐଯࢬໆය໔Ǵӧݞοᐉᘐय़аڰۓ໔ຯ ۓрऩυࠟጕ຾ՉԦࢉނᐚࡋϐӄᘐय़௦ኬаᕕှଯࢬໆය໔ݞοӄᘐय़Ԧࢉނ ᐚࡋϐϩթ௃׎Ǵයࣴᔕа׳Ԗਏ౗ޑБԄ௦ኬǴ௦ளၨڀж߄܄ϐ௦ኬၗ਑Ǵ ݝࣳ೽ϩ௦ҔߋМݝࣳᐚࡋϩթϦԄёᕇளόᒱϐԋ݀ǴԶӧྋှᄊᕗ೽ϩǴவ ᘉණ౛ፕࣁ୷ᘵ؃ளϐคӢԛᐚࡋওጕǴ٩ࣴزԋ݀ёޕऩଷ೛ݞούϐЬाԦ

ࢉྍวғϐᐒ౗ပӧӄНుϐᐒ౗֡࣬฻Ǵ߾ӧНుϐ 0.4

ɴ

0.6Dϐጄൎ຾Չ௦ኬǴ ёаၨܰ௦ளѳ֡ᐚࡋϐН፦ᐚࡋၗ਑ǹќѦǴӧᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋওጕ೽ϩǴว౜

ଯࢬໆਔයݞούϐᝌੌڰᡏނϐݝࣳᗭಈಈ৩ӭឦણβ܈ᗹβ፦ࣁЬǴځ࣬ၨ

ܭ΋૓ϐݝࣳჹܭᕗԖ׳εޑ֎ߕໆǴӧਬऍϷ࣑࣑ረ॥ύ܌௦ளϐН፦ኬࠔǴ ځК֎ߕໆQ (=X/m)ޑጄൎϩձࣁ 79ɴ3,065 mg P/kg SS Ϸ 67ɴ13,329 mg P/kg SSǴ

ԜӢଯࢬໆය໔ݝࣳӭឦܭಥߕރᄊǴԶӧჴሞᔈҔਔǴऩ೸ၸനλ୷ᘵᐚࡋ

C

₀ᆶ

֎ߕ߯ኧ

K

_mϷ

Q

_mϐ࣬ᜢ܄Ǵ߾҂ٰӧᔈҔ΢ё෧ϯ೚ӭࣁ؃ڗ߯ኧॶϐӭᎩ௦ኬǴ ё٬ᕗϐ௦ኬ׳ࣁԖਏ౗Ϸ࿶ᔮǴᆕӝҁࣴزϐࣴزԋ݀Ǵёаଯࢬໆਔය௦ኬ Ϸჹܭݞοॄ಻ໆϐ௢՗Ǵ໔ௗᕕှ໣Н୔ϐβӦ٬Ҕᆅ౛ԋਏǴ࣬ᜢԋ݀Ψё а଺ࣁ҂ٰ໣Н୔βӦ٬Ҕᆅ౛ϐୖԵǶ

ᜢᗖӷǺଯࢬໆයǵᕴᕗǵᕗॄ಻ໆǵ֎ߕǵಥߕǵ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ



Abstract

The reservoir in Taiwan almost subjected to the problem of eutrophication because of the surplus of nutrient result in the uncontrollable growth of algae. It is the most important topic to control the loading of phosphorus, in order to retain the good water quality of reservoir. Numerous agricultural activities, especially the production of tea or fruit in riparian areas, are conducted in watersheds in the upstream of reservoir.

Nutrients from such activities, including phosphorus, are typically flushed into rivers during high flow period, when over 70 to 90 % of the yearly total amount of phosphorous enters reservoirs. Excessive or enhanced soil erosion from rainstorms can dramatically increase the river sediment load and the amount of particulate phosphorus flushed into rivers, at this time, the particulate phosphorus is the dominant form of phosphorus.

The study area Da-Lin bridge is located at the Daiyujay Creek watershed, which feeding the Feitsui Reservoir in Taiwan. First, the kinetic of adsorption/ desorption is found that after the water samples preserved over 16 hours the adsorption and desorption of the system approached equilibrium. During the high flow rate periods the Langmuir isotherm performed the best results of the others in the specific adsorption of phosphorus, furthermore, the amounts of TP transported through the river cross section during the June 9 rainstorm and Typhoon Bilis during duration T were accounted for roughly 0.7% and 28.8% of total TP loading during 2006, respectively. It shows that during the high flow rate periods which contributed the most amount of TP loading in a year. During high flow rates periods, the sampling data the of the river always regarded as the average concentration of the river section, which must be confirm first that the nutrient concentration is completely mixed at the sampling section or the estimation of

the method may make some error.

Besides, river section are classified into several subsections during typhoon Saomai and typhoon Shanshan and the sampling and simulation are excuting by each subsection to identified a more efficiency method for more representative data. The Chiu’s sediment concentration distribution formula performs the suspended solid concentration well. As mention to the dissolved phosphorus, the method is developed by the diffusion theory and then dimensionless concentration profile formula is obtained.

According to the result, assume that the major source of the nutrient occurred at the depth of the river with the same opportunities. The results show that as the average concentration could easily pump at the depth between 0.4-0.6D. In addition, as mention to the particulate phosphorus concentration profile, the results found that the most part of the suspended solid could classified as silt or clay, which used to adsorbed more particulate phosphorus than any others. The specific adsorption Q (=X/m) ranges of water samples in the typhoon Saomai and Shanshan are observed as 79-3,065 mg P/kg SS and 67-13,329 mg P/kg SS, respectively, which almost at the state of desorption.

The usage of relation between basic concentration

C

₀ with adsorption coefficients

K

_m

and

Q

_m, whicn simplified the amount of sampling. So that the cost of sampling should be save and further makes the sampling of phosphorus becomes more efficiency and economic. To summarized the results of the research, which could found out the effect of management of land use in watershed by estimation of phosphorus loading during high flow periods and could also used as the references for the management of land use in watershed in future.

Keywords: high flow periods, total phosphorus, phosphorus loading, adsorption, desorption, adsorption isotherm.. 

Ҟᒵ

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ ... i

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ᖴᇞ ... ii

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ύЎᄔा ... iii

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मЎᄔा(Abstract) ... v

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Ҟᒵ ... vii

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კҞᒵ ... xi

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߄Ҟᒵ ... xv

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ಃ΋കǵᏤፕ ... 1

^

1.1߻ق ... 1

1.2ࣴزጔଆᆶҞޑ ... 3

1.3ࣴزϣ৒ᆶπբ໨Ҟ ... 4

ಃΒകǵЎ᝘ӣ៝ ... 7

^

2.1Ԧࢉނ໺ᒡࣴز ... 7

2.2ᕗϐൻᕉϷ੝܄ ... 9

2.3ᕗ֎ಥߕࣴز ... 10

2.4ݞοԦࢉނॄ಻ໆ௢՗ࣴز ... 12

ಃΟക ࣴزӦᗺϷ௦ኬϩ݋Бݤ ... 15

^

3.1ࣴزӦᗺϟಏ ... 15

3.1.1Ӧ౛Տ࿼Ϸ਻ং ... 15

3.1.2໣Н୔ϐ٬Ҕ౜ݩ ... 16

3.2Н፦ኬࠔϐ௦໣ϷߥӸ ... 17

3.2.1௦ኬБݤ ... 17

3.2.1.1ኪߘයݞοН፦௦ኬ ... 18

3.2.1.2ݞοਔ໔ׇӈ௦ኬ ... 20

3.2.1.3ݞοᐉᘐय़௦ኬ ... 21

3.2.2НኬߥӸБݤ ... 23

3.3Н፦ኬࠔϐϩ݋ ... 23

3.3.1ᝌੌڰᡏނϐᔠෳ ... 24

3.3.2Нύᕗϐᔠෳ ... 25

ಃѤക ଯࢬໆਔයݞούᕗॄ಻ໆ௢՗ ... 27

^

4.1ݞοᕗޑ໺ᒡ ... 27

4.2ᕗޑϩᜪ ... 29

4.3฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ ... 31

4.4ᕗॄ಻ໆϐ௢՗Бݤ ... 34

4.5ϩ݋ኳᔕ่݀ ... 36

4.5.1ᕗϐ֎/ಥߕ୏Κ ... 36

4.5.2฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄϐᔈҔ ... 40

4.5.3फ़ߘය໔ᆶߚफ़ߘය໔ϐԦࢉނᐚࡋКၨ ... 49

4.5.4ᕗ֎ߕໆϐ௖૸ ... 51

4.5.5ᕗॄ಻ໆ௢՗ ... 53

4.5.6फ़ߘ٣ҹය໔ᆶѳதਔයᕗॄ಻ໆϐКၨ ... 57

4.5.7ኳԄᔈҔϐज़ڋ ... 57

ಃϖക ଯࢬໆਔයଯਏ౗௦ኬБݤϐࣴز ... 59

^

5.1ݝࣳᐚࡋϩթϦԄ ... 59

5.1.1୷ҁݝࣳᐚࡋϩթ౛ፕ ... 59

5.1.2ߋМݝࣳᐚࡋϩթϦԄ ... 62

5.2ྋှᄊᕗϐࠟӛϩթ௃׎ ... 66

5.2.1୷ҁᘉණ౛ፕϐϟಏ ... 67

5.2.2ԦࢉނᐚࡋϐࠟӛϩթϦԄ ... 70

5.2.3ݞούྋှᄊᕗϩթϦԄ ... 72

5.3ᗭಈᄊᕗϐࠟӛϩթ௃׎ ... 78

5.3.1ᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋওጕϦԄ ... 78

5.4ᕴᕗॄ಻ໆϐ௢՗ ... 79

5.5ϩ݋ኳᔕ่݀ ... 82

5.5.1௦ኬ୺ՉБԄϐᇥܴ ... 82

5.5.2ݝࣳᐚࡋϩթϦԄϐኳᔕ่݀ ... 84

5.5.3ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϩթϦԄϐኳᔕ่݀ ... 87

5.5.4ᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋϩթϦԄϐኳᔕ่݀ ... 97

5.5.5ᕴᕗᐚࡋϩթϦԄϐኳᔕ่݀ ... 105

5.5.6ॄ಻ໆ௢՗ϐᔈҔ ... 107

5.5.6ኳԄϐज़ڋϷᆕӝϩ݋ ... 109

ಃϤക ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼ ... 115

^

6.1่ፕ ... 115

6.2ࡌ᝼ ... 117

ୖԵਜҞ ... 119

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კҞᒵ

კ 3-1 ࣴز௦ኬӦᗺՏ࿼კ ... 15

კ 3-2 ଯࢬໆਔය௦ኬ٬Ҕϐ೤ًᆶᝌӖ೛ഢ ... 19

კ 3-3 Н፦௦ኬ߻೛ഢϐෳ၂Ϸྗഢ௃׎ ... 19

კ 3-4 ਬऍረ॥ය໔౜൑Н፦௦ኬ ... 20

კ 3-5 аύᘐय़ݤ௦ڗНኬҢཀკ ... 22

კ 3-6 Нύᕗᔠෳϐϩ݋ࢬำკ ... 26

კ 4-1 ᕗӧНᡏύ໺ᒡൻᕉҢཀკ(Maidment et al.,1993) ... 28

კ 4-2 ଯࢬໆਔයݞοᕗޑ໺ᒡ ... 28

კ 4-3 ᕗӧНᡏύӸӧޑ׎Ԅ(Thomann et al.,1987) ... 30

კ 4-4 ӚᅿࠠᄊӸӧޑᕗӧНᡏύϐϸᔈϷൻᕉ௃׎(Chapra, 1997) ... 31

კ 4-5 0609 ኪߘය໔ࢬໆǵᝌੌڰᡏނϷᕴᕗᐚࡋϐਔ໔ᐕำᡂϯ ... 38

კ 4-6 ᅸճථረ॥ය໔ࢬໆǵᝌੌڰᡏނϷᕴᕗᐚࡋϐਔ໔ᐕำᡂϯ ... 39

კ 4-7 ٿफ़ߘ٣ҹН፦ኬࠔӧ௦ኬࡕߥӸόӕਔຯϩ݋ᕴᕗǵᗭಈᄊᕗϷྋှᄊ ᕗᐚࡋϐᡂϯ௃׎ ... 40

კ 4-8 0609 ኪߘය໔Н፦ኬࠔܭ௦ኬࡕϩձߥӸ 5 Ϸ 14 λਔࡕϩ݋ϐၗ਑Ҕа؃ ڗ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄϐ߯ኧკ ... 42

კ 4-9 ᅸճථረ॥ය໔Н፦ኬࠔܭ௦ኬࡕϩձߥӸ 4 Ϸ 16 λਔࡕϩ݋ϐၗ਑Ҕа ؃ڗ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄϐ߯ኧკ ... 43

კ 4-10 0609 ኪߘ٣ҹճҔӚᅿ֎ߕኳԄኳᔕᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋᆶჴෳॶϐКၨ่݀ ... 44

კ 4-11 0609 ኪߘ٣ҹճҔӚᅿ֎ߕኳԄኳᔕᕴᕗᐚࡋᆶჴෳॶϐКၨ่݀ ... 45

კ 4-12 ᅸճථረ॥٣ҹճҔӚᅿ֎ߕኳԄኳᔕᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋᆶჴෳॶϐКၨ่ ݀ ... 46

კ 4-13 ᅸճථረ॥٣ҹճҔӚᅿ֎ߕኳԄኳᔕᕴᕗᐚࡋᆶჴෳॶϐКၨ่݀ .. 47

კ 4-14 Ӛᅿ֎ߕኳԄኳᔕК֎ߕໆᆶྋှᄊᕗ่݀ᆶჴෳॶϐКၨკ ... 49

კ 4-15 ٿफ़ߘ٣ҹᝌੌڰᡏނǵᗭಈᄊᕗǵྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϷК֎ߕໆϐਔ໔ᐕำ ᡂϯ ... 53

კ 4-16 ӧόӕࢬໆރᄊΠճҔࢬໆᆶᕴᕗॄ಻ໆϐጕ܄ᜢ߯კ ... 54

კ 5-1 ݞοݝࣳॄ಻ϩթҢཀკ ... 60

კ 5-2 ߋМݝࣳᐚࡋϩթϦԄୖኧҢཀკ ... 63

კ 5-3 ౛ፕ୊ᔈΚϩթკ(Chiu et al., 2000) ... 64

კ 5-4 M- ᜢ߯კ ... 66

კ 5-5 ଯථڄኧϐϩթკ ... 69

კ 5-6 Ԧࢉނ໺ᒡࠟӛϐ০኱سۓက ... 72

კ 5-7 ߥӺ܄ᗺྍԦࢉނ໺ᒡϐ᜔य़ਏᔈҢཀკ ... 74

კ 5-8 ԵໆНѳय़Ϸݞ׉ۭϐٿ᜔य़ਏᔈ܌᠄уԶԋϐᐚࡋওጕҢཀკ ... 76

კ 5-9 Нѳय़Ϸݞ׉ۭᜐࣚϐคज़຀ᗺྍ܌ౢғϐ᜔य़ਏᔈ᠄уԶԋϐᐚࡋওጕ Ңཀკ ... 77

კ 5-10 ਬऍረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐݝࣳᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 85

კ 5-11 ਬऍረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐݝࣳᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 86

კ 5-12 ਬऍረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 87

კ 5-13 ࣑࣑ረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 89

კ 5-14 аVc=0.3ࣁٯଞჹόӕϐЬाԦࢉྍӧНుόӕޑՏ࿼ਔǴk ॶჹܭྋှ ᄊᕗᐚࡋওጕϐቹៜ ... 91

კ 5-15 ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋӧόӕୖኧచҹΠϐคӢԛᐚࡋϩթԔጕ ... 92

კ 5-16 คӢԛᘉණ໦იЁࡋჹᆶѳ֡ᐚࡋౢғՏ࿼ϐᜢ߯კ(΋) ... 93

კ 5-17 คӢԛᘉණ໦იЁࡋჹᆶѳ֡ᐚࡋౢғՏ࿼ϐᜢ߯კ(Β) ... 93

კ 5-18 όӕ k ॶϷคӢԛᘉණ໦იЁࡋచҹΠคӢԛᐚࡋওጕჹܭНుϐᑈϩॶ ... 95

კ 5-19 คӢԛᘉණ໦იЁࡋచҹΠคӢԛᐚࡋওጕჹܭНుϐᑈϩॶ ... 97

კ 5-20 ਬऍረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 101

კ 5-21 ࣑࣑ረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 102

კ 5-22

C

₀ᆶK_m ໔ϐ଑ᘜᜢ߯კ ... 104

კ 5-23

K

_mᆶ

Q

_m໔ϐ଑ᘜᜢ߯კ ... 104

კ 5-24 ਬऍረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐᕴᕗᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 105

კ 5-25 ࣑࣑ረ॥ε݅ᐏΠБݞοᘐय़ϐᕴᕗᐚࡋϩթኳᔕԔጕ ... 106 კ 5-26 คӢԛᘉණ໦იЁࡋჹᆶѳ֡ᐚࡋౢғՏ࿼ϐᜢ߯კ ... 112

߄Ҟᒵ

߄ 3-1 ങ຺ങᾴྛ໣Н୔Ծ 2006 ԃ 4 ДԿ 2007 ԃ 3 ДϐН፦௦ኬၗ਑ ... 17

߄ 3-2 Н፦໨ҞߥӸБݤϷሡНໆ ... 23

߄ 3-3 Н፦໨ҞᔠᡍБݤ ... 24

߄ 4-1 ٿफ़ߘ٣ҹճҔӚᅿ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ٠аጕ܄଑ᘜ؃ڗ߯ኧϐ่݀᏾౛ .... 41

߄ 4-2 ኪߘයԦࢉނϐᐚࡋϩ݋Кၨ߄ ... 50

߄ 4-3 ࢬໆӾঢ়ࢤϷଏНࢤѳ֡ԦࢉໆКၨ߄ ... 52

߄ 4-4 ճҔӚᅿόӕϐ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄኳᔕीᆉٿफ़ߘ٣ҹϐᕴᕗॄ಻ໆ ... 56

߄ 4-5 फ़ߘ٣ҹӄำᐕਔ T ය໔ᕴᕗԾӄݞοᘐय़ᒡрϐॄ಻ໆ ... 56

߄ 5-1 ଯථڄኧॶϷ໦იጄൎϣ܌х֖ϐ፦ໆԭϩК ... 69

߄ 5-2 ਬऍረ॥ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋওጕϦԄϐୖኧ ... 88

߄ 5-3 ࣑࣑ረ॥ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋওጕϦԄϐୖኧ ... 89

߄ 5-4 όӕ k ॶΠჹܭคӢԛᐚࡋওጕჹܭคӢԛНుϐᑈϩॶ ... 95

߄ 5-5 คӢԛྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋওጕ؂ൂՏుࡋϐᑈϩॶ ... 96

߄ 5-6 ऍ୯ၭ཰೽(USDA)βᝆಈ৩ϩᜪ ... 99

߄ 5-7 ਬऍረ॥ය໔ݞοӄᘐय़Ԧࢉނѳ֡ᐚࡋϐीᆉ่݀ ... 107

߄ 5-8 ࣑࣑ረ॥ය໔ݞοӄᘐय़Ԧࢉނѳ֡ᐚࡋϐीᆉ่݀ ... 108

߄ 5-9 ਬऍረ॥ය໔ݞοӄᘐय़Ԧࢉނॄ಻ໆϐीᆉ่݀ ... 108

߄ 5-10 ࣑࣑ረ॥ය໔ݞοӄᘐय़Ԧࢉނॄ಻ໆϐीᆉ่݀ ... 109

߄ 5-11 όӕफ़ߘ٣ҹϐѳ֡ԦࢉނᐚࡋКၨ௃׎ ... 110

߄ 5-12 όӕफ़ߘ٣ҹК֎ߕໆϐКၨ௃׎ ... 110

ಃ΋കǵᏤፕ

1.1 ߻ق

ᆵ᡼ࢂ΋ঁੇ৞୯ৎځ਻ংឦܭ٥዗஥਻ংϐࠠᄊǴफ़ߘӧਔ໔Ϸޜ໔΢ߛ ࣁό֡Ǵу΢ҁ৞Ӧ׎ԖΟϩϐΒޑβӦ೿ࢂξڵ৚ᔂǴӢԜНၗྍޑߥӸε೿

࿶җӧξكᑫࡌН৤ٰၲԋǶ߈൳ԃٰᆵ᡼ΓαόᘐӦቚуǴғࢲࠔ፦ҭόᘐග ϲǴНၗྍޑલЮϷჹܭҔНࠔ፦ޑा؃Ǵߦ٬ᆅ౛ᐒᜢჹܭН৤΢ෞ໣Н୔ݞ οН፦ϐᆅ౛׳ࣁख़ຎǴԶᒿ๱ਔжޑᄽඹǴ҇౲ჹܭᕉნϷғᄊޑཀ᛽Ψ೴ᅌ ଯᅍǴӧξكᑫࡌН৤ჹܭຼᎁᕉნ܌ౢғޑख़εፂᔐǴςό೏೭ঁਔж܌Ϣ೚Ǵ ӢԜаᑫࡌН৤ٰߥӸНၗྍޑਔжς࿶ၸѐΑǴᆵ᡼ҁ৞Ҟ߻εऊԖ 39 ০Н৤Ǵ ӵՖૈӧࡽӸޑН৤ύǴၮҔԖਏ౗ޑ໣Н୔ᆅ౛ǴஒࡽԖޑН৤Ϸځ໣Н୔ᙖ җ׳٫ޑᆅ౛аၲډځന٫фૈϷਏҔǴаዴߥН৤НໆϷН፦ϐᆢ࡭ૈၲډҔ Нሡ؃ϷНᡏϐН፦኱ྗǴςࢂ΋ঁߚதख़ाޑፐᚒϷҺ୍ǶӧН৤Н፦ޑᆢ࡭

Бय़ǴаН৤ᓬᎦϯϐ௓ڋࣁനख़ाǴ೷ԋН৤ᓬᎦϯޑӢηࡐӭǴՠࢂёᘜય рځЬाޑӢηࢂНᡏύේǵᕗޑໆǴځٿޣ໔ӸӧϐКٯΨඓ௓Αғނғߏ܌

ሡᎦҽޑᜢᗖྍᓐǴԶԾฅࣚύᕗޑӸӧໆ࣬ၨܭේޑӸӧໆΞ࣬ჹӦၨϿǴΨ ӢԜᕗᕴࢂԋࣁ΋ঁ׭ڋН৤ᓬᎦϯޑख़ाӢηǴԶН৤ύᕗޑٰྍε೿ࢂҗΓ ᜪޑࢲ୏܈Н৤໣Н୔΢ෞޑؑᇑϷరᘠբҔ܌ౢғǴӃ࿶җᅐӦࢬϷؑᇑྎឫ рǴฅࡕ࿶җྛࢬ໺ᒡ຾ΕН৤ǴӢԜёаᕕှډज़ڋᕗவ΢ෞ໣Н୔ޑᒡрࢂ

ߚதख़ाޑ΋ঁ௓ڋྍᓐǶ

ᆵ᡼ޑН৤җܭᔼᎦނޑεໆޑᒡΕ೷ԋᝯᜪޑғߏനࡕᏤठᓬᎦϯǴᔼᎦ

ྍႥਔԋࣁΑԦࢉྍǶᆵ᡼Н৤֡ՏӧଯੇܘӦ୔ǴଯੇܘӦ୔ϐ਻ংΨࢂᅿ෌

ૡ཰ϐന٫ᕉნǴΨӢԜᆵ᡼ૡඦӜύѦǴՠ࣬ჹԶقǴऩӧ໣Н୔ϐහ݅ǵξ ڵӦǵၭҖ܈ྛࢬຼᜐεໆޑᅿ෌ૡᐋ܈வ٣ځѬၭ཰ࢲ୏Ǵځ܌ౢғޑᔼᎦނ(х

ࡴᕗ)Ǵӧኪߘය཮೏ߘНؑڇࡕᒿϐ຾ΕྛࢬǴനࡕᙖҗྛࢬ໺ᒡࢬΕН৤ǴԶ Ԝය໔܌ᒡΕޑᕗ՞ΑӄԃᒡΕН৤ᕗᕴໆޑ 70ɴ90%ǶᕗӢࣁځᐱ੝ޑ੝܄٬

ฅǴځԖமਗ਼֎ߕӧݝࣳᗭಈޑ໼ӛǴѳਔӢࣁ໣Н୔ϐၭ཰ࢲ୏܌ሡϐࡼޥ܈

ၭᛰޑቔ᠀ஒ٬εໆޑᔼᎦނූ੮ӧβᝆ္Ǵ΋ѿวғफ़ߘ٣ҹǴߘᅀჹܭβቫ

ϐؑᔐ࣬྽ቃਗ਼Ǵ࣬ჹӦ೭٤֎ߕၸໆᕗޑβᝆ೏ؑᇑр໣Н୔ࡕǴόՠቚуΑ

ྛࢬύޑݝࣳॄ಻ໆǴځύݝࣳ܌֎ߕޑᗭಈᄊᕗҭ཮ᒿ๱ݝࣳޑᐚࡋԶቚуǴ

΋ٳឫ஥຾ΕН৤ǶԶ྽ࢬໆϷݝࣳᐚࡋ֡ࡐεޑਔংǴᗭಈᄊᕗӧԜਔԋࣁΑ ᕗӸӧྛࢬύޑЬाࠠԄǴՠࢂࢬໆϷݝࣳᐚࡋϐໆෳӧኪߘයޑଯࢬໆය໔ࢂ

࣬྽ᜤ୺ՉޑҺ୍ǴΨӢԜቚуΑᅱෳݞούᕗᒡрໆ௢՗ޑ֚ᜤࡋǶҞ߻ςԖ

೚ӭޑࣴز೿๱ख़ӧߺ෧໣Н୔ߚᗺྍԦࢉ(NPSP)ޑന٫ᆅ౛բ཰(BMPs)฻௛ࡼ

ٰ௓ڋ໣Н୔ᔼᎦނ(ፏӵǺᕗǵේǵᅹ฻)฻ޑᒡрǶฅԶӚᅿБԄޑ׭ڋ௛ࡼ֡

ሡाةаεໆϐ௦ኬаᡍ᛾࣬ᜢ௛ࡼ୺ՉࡕǴჹН৤ᔼᎦނॄ಻ໆϐߺ෧ໆǴБ

ૈᕕှځ୺ՉϐԋਏǶ

аᆵ᡼Ҟ߻୺ՉϐٯՉ܄Н፦௦ኬǴӭа؂ۑ܈؂Д୺Չ΋ԛǴӢԜჴሞϐ ௦ኬၗ਑ӭаѳதਔයϐၗ਑ࣁЬǴᗲϿԖኪߘයϐ௦ኬၗ਑Ǵ٬ள๊εӭኧᕴ ᕗϐॄ಻ໆคݤඓඝǴ׳ඌፕ௖૸໣Н୔ݯ౛ϐԋਏǴځচӢε೿ࢂӢࣁ௦ኬࡕ

ۘሡ຾ՉН፦ኬࠔϐߥӸϷϩ݋Ǵځ࣬ჹԋҁҭၨଯǴऩ௦ኬᓎ౗ၸܭஏ໣৮௨ ᔒࡹ۬ᐒᜢځѬݯ౛ႣᆉϐᚐࡋǴฅԶӧረ॥ǵኪߘଯࢬໆයϐ௦ኬӒᓀ܄ཱུଯǴ Γ঩ϐӼӄ܄ཱུᜤඓඝǴӢԜჹܭଯࢬໆයϐ௦ኬᕴࢂལԶᇻϐǴӧԜӕਔ㞊Ψ ѨѐΑᕕှѳத໣Н୔ݯ౛ϐԋਏϷଯࢬໆයᕴᕗॄ಻ໆ࡚ቃቚуჹܭН৤ᓬᎦ ϯϐჴሞቹៜǴ׳όҔගϷᔠ૸܈ᓬϯݯ౛฼ౣǶჹԜҁࣴز੝ձӧݞοଯࢬໆ ය໔຾ՉН፦ϐਔ໔ׇӈ௦ኬϷϩ݋ǴќѦჹܭ௦ኬࡕᕗϐ֎ಥߕ୏Κҭ຾Չ௖

૸Ǵӆஒϩ݋่݀Ҕܭ௢՗फ़ߘය໔ϐॄ಻ໆǴ٠ᆶѳਔϐ௦ኬ่݀຾Չ΋سӈ ޑКၨϷ௖૸ǴќѦ΋Бय़ҁࣴز׳լܺϺংӢનǴشـܭа۳ߵᓀܭረ॥ය໔

຾ՉԦࢉނᐚࡋϐӄᘐय़௦ኬǴᙖҗᕕှଯࢬໆය໔ݞοӄᘐय़Ԧࢉނᐚࡋϐϩ թ௃׎Ǵё੿҅௢՗ረࢫਔයޑݞοᕴᕗ೯ໆǴќѦ௖૸ځ࣬ᜢН፦ୖኧ໔ϐ࣬

ᜢ܄Ǵаගଯ҂ٰ௦ኬϐਏ౗ࣁҞޑǴࣴᔕрଯࢬໆය໔ଯਏ౗ໆෳྋှᄊᕗϷ ᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋϐ௦ኬϷ௢՗БݤǴа଺ࣁ҂ٰჹܭଯࢬໆය຾Չॄ಻ໆ௢՗୺Չ ௦ኬ฼ౣϐᔕۓୖԵǴᙖҗҁࣴزගрϐ௦ኬБԄࡌ᝼Ǵёफ़եଯࢬໆය໔௦ኬ ϐԛኧǴՠϝё٬ځ่݀ϝёаၲډ࣬྽ϐྗዴ܄Ǵёගଯࢬໆය໔௦ኬϐਏ౗

Ϸफ़ե௦ኬϐԋҁǶ

1.2 ࣴزጔଆᆶҞޑ

аҞ߻܌ቶݱ୺Չϐ௦ኬᓎ౗Ǵε೿ӧЬाǵԛा܈ख़ᗺྛࢬϷݞοǴа؂

ۑ܈؂Д΋ԛϐᓎ౗຾ՉН፦௦ኬǴԶЪН፦௦ኬεӭӧϺ਻ؼӳޑਔং୺ՉǴ ӢԜ൩Ҟ߻܌ૈᕇளϐ௦ኬၗ਑࣬ၨܭӄԃёૈวғޑ౲ӭफ़ߘ٣ҹԶق࣬྽ό ԋКٯǴӢ܌ૈᕇளϐН፦ၗૻၸܭีϿҭคݤֹ᏾ඔॊ΋᏾ԃӢࣁӚঁफ़ߘ٣ ҹჹܭݞοࣗԿჹН৤܌೷ԋϐቹៜǴԶᕗவݞοޑᒡрεӭࢂӢࣁफ़ߘ٣ҹჹ ܭ໣Н୔ϐؑᇑ܌ౢғǴҁࣴ൩ࢂࣁΑ΋ձၸѐε೿ѝӧեࢬໆය຾Չ௦ኬǴค ݤᕕှჴሞ΋൑फ़ߘ٣ҹჹܭݞοН፦܌೷ԋϐቹៜϷځ܌ж߄ϐख़ा܄Ƕ

ѳதಕᑈӧ໣Н୔ޑᔼᎦނᕗǴ೿཮֎ߕӧβᝆޑᗭಈ΢ǴԶ྽ኪߘٰਔǴ βᝆᗭಈ཮வ໣Н୔೏Ӧय़೵ࢬ܌ᑃڊឫ஥рٰǴ༓ࡕ೏ឫΕݞοǴ೭ᅿࠠᄊޑ ᕗ೏ᆀࣁᗭಈᄊᕗ(particulate phosphorus, PP)ǴќѦ྽ᕗࢂ࿶җ໣Н୔ύϐӦቫ໺

ᒡǴ܈࿶җరྋϷݝࣳಥߕբҔԶ຾Εݞοࠠᄊޑᕗ߾ᆀࣁྋှᄊᕗ(dissolved phosphorus, DP)ǴԶྋှϷؑᇑ֡ࢂёаӧ໣Н୔ύ౽୏ᕗޑ໺ᒡࠠᄊǴԜѦᗭಈ ᄊᕗϷྋှᄊᕗϐᕴӝໆǴջᕴᕗ(total phosphorus, TP)Ǵҭж߄Αѳத໣Н୔ҁ ي܈Γࣁࢲ୏܌Ꮴठϐ่݀Ƕ

ҁࣴزӧಃ΋೽ҽύ჋၂ӧᆨᆧН৤΢ෞങ຺ങᾴྛ໣Н୔നΠෞϐε݅ᐏǴ ൩ 2006 ԃϐٿ൑ኪߘ٣ҹǴϩձࢂ 6 Д 9 ВޑኪߘϷᅸճථረ॥ޑٿ٣ҹޑၸำ ύа฻ਔ໔໔ຯϐᓎ౗຾Չ᏾൑ኪߘϐӄำ௦ኬǴ٠ஒ௦ڗϐН፦ၗ਑Ҕа௢՗

Ԝٿ൑ኪߘ܌ౢғϐᕴᕗॄ಻ໆǴ٠ᆶӄԃեࢬໆය௦ኬ܌௢՗рϐᕴᕗॄ಻ໆ

຾Չ࣬ᜢКၨǴаᕕှӢࣁफ़ߘ٣ҹ܌़ғϐݝࣳϷᕴᕗᐚࡋϐᡂϯǴаዴޕफ़ ߘ٣ҹଯࢬໆਔයϐॄ಻ໆჹܭ໣Н୔ݞοϐቹៜำࡋǶҁࣴز٠ӧ຾ՉН፦ϩ

݋ਔǴ੝ձஒᕴᕗ୔ϩࣁᗭಈᄊᕗϷྋှᄊᕗ(җܭᗭಈᄊᕗᆶྋှᄊᕗ໔ϐ୔ϩ όܰǴӢԜ೯தۓကёа೯ၸ 0.45-m ᆛҞϐᘠጢޣࣁྋှᄊᕗǴԶคݤ೯ၸ 0.45-mᆛҞϐᘠጢޣࣁᗭಈᄊᕗ)ǴӃჹܭН፦ኬࠔܭ௦ኬࡕߥӸόӕਔ໔໔ຯࡕ

຾Չϩ݋ԿډྋှᄊᕗϷᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋၲډѳᑽࣁЗǴаᕕှଯࢬໆਔයྋှᄊ ᕗϷᗭಈᄊᕗၲډѳᑽ܌ሡाޑਔ໔Ǵаዴߥ҂ٰଯࢬໆਔයН፦ኬࠔϩ݋ϐਔ ᐒϷН፦ϩ݋ԋ݀ϐ΋ठ܄ǹќ΋Бय़ᗭಈᄊᕗӧݞοଯࢬໆਔයǴځ՞ᕴᕗᐚ ࡋКٯϐӭჲǴҭёаӧҁࣴزύᕇளǶନԜϐѦǴёа؃ளӧόӕྋှᄊᕗᐚ

ࡋϐచҹΠݝࣳჹܭᗭಈᄊᕗϐК֎ߕໆᜢ߯ǴԜ֎ߕᜢ߯঺Ҕӧ፾Ҕϐ฻ྕ֎

ߕኳԄΠǴёа଺ࣁ҂ٰ௢՗ᗭಈᄊᕗΏԿᕴᕗॄ಻ໆਔϐख़ाୖԵǶ

ӢࣁҞ߻ݞοН፦ϐ௦ኬǴ๊ε೽ҽࢂӧݞοޑН߄य़௦ڗНኬǴՠࢂᕗவ ݞοޑᒡрεӭࢂӧफ़ߘ٣ҹਔයफ़ߘჹܭ໣Н୔ϐؑᇑ܌ౢғǴځݞοࢬໆϐ НుҭၨѳதਔයϐݞοࢬໆϐНుଯр೚ӭǴځݞοϐࢬݩҭၨࣁፄᚇǴᔼᎦ ނӧځύϐ໺ᒡϷᘉණҭԖձܭѳਔݞοࢬݩၨឦܭᛙᄊ௃ݩǴӢԜऩ໻ӧݞο ϐ߄य़຾Չ௦ኬ৮คݤளډၨڀж߄܄ϐН፦ၗ਑ǴҁࣴزޑಃΒ೽ҽջჹܭԜ ᅿ௃׎టගрׯ຾БԄǴ჋၂ӧ 2006 ԃϐਬऍረ॥Ϸ࣑࣑ረ॥ය໔Ǵӧ߻ॊ࣬ӕ Ӧᗺε݅ᐏ຾Չ௦ኬǴځ௦ኬБԄࣁӧݞၰϐᐉᘐय़а฻໔ຯჄϩऩυࠟጕ(ջஒ ݞၰᘐय़ϩപࣁኧঁηᘐय़)຾Չݞၰӄᘐय़ϐࠟጕ௦ኬǴ௦ኬϐ໨ҞԖᝌੌڰᡏ ނᐚࡋǵྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋǵᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋϷᕴᕗᐚࡋ฻໨ҞǴ٠ճҔӚԾόӕϐᐚ ࡋϩթϦԄ຾Չኳᔕϩ݋Ǵа੿҅ᕕှଯࢬໆය໔ݞού΢ॊኧᅿᔼᎦނӧݞၰ ᘐय़ϐϩթ௃׎Ǵҁࣴز٠჋၂௖؃ଯࢬໆයݞοН፦௦ኬਔё௦ளၨڀж߄܄

НኬϐڗኬᗺǴаයӧଯࢬໆයൾӍϐ௦ኬᕉნΠϝฅёаԖਏ౗Ӧ௦ளڀԖж ߄܄ϐН፦ၗ਑Ǵ٠ᙖҗ࣬ᜢН፦ୖኧϐ໔ϐ࣬ᜢ܄ࡌҥ଑ᘜᜢ߯Ǵ҂ٰջёа ճҔݝࣳϷྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϐ௦ኬԋ݀ǴҔа௢՗ᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋǴ຾Զ௢؃ᕴᕗϐ

ॄ಻ໆǶҁࣴز܌ගрϐБݤёаӧଯࢬໆය໔Ԗਏफ़ե௦ኬϐԛኧǴՠϝฅᆢ

࡭௦ኬϷॄ಻ໆ௢՗ԋ݀ϐྗዴ܄ǴќѦ΋Бय़׳ёаफ़ե௦ኬϐԋҁǴаቚу ଯࢬໆ௦ኬϐё୺Չ܄Ǵځԋ݀ҭёа଺ࣁ҂ٰ໣Н୔ݯ౛Ϸᅱෳݞοᕴᕗॄ಻

ໆϐख़ाୖԵǶ

1.3 ࣴزϣ৒ᆶπբ໨Ҟ

ҁፕЎЬाϩࣁϤঁക࿯Ǵ؂΋ക܌఼ᇂޑϣ৒εठᄔाӵΠǺ

ಃ΋കࢂᏤፕǴଞჹҁࣴز߻قǵࣴزጔଆᆶҞޑϷࣴزϣ৒Ϸπբ໨Ҟ଺΋ཷ

ा܄ϐឍॊǶ

ಃΒകࢂЎ᝘ӣ៝ǴଞჹԦࢉނ໺ᒡࣴزǵᕗϐൻᕉϷ੝܄ǵᕗ֎ಥߕࣴزϷݞ οԦࢉނॄ಻ໆ௢՗ࣴز฻ϐ࣬ᜢЎ᝘଺΋ֹ᏾܄ޑӣ៝Ƕ

ಃΟകࢂࣴزӦᗺϷ௦ኬϩ݋БݤǴЬाࢂଞჹࣴزӦᗺϟಏǴଞჹ᏷ۓ௦ኬӦ

ᗺϐӦ౛Տ࿼ǵ਻ংϷ໣Н୔ϐ٬Ҕ౜ݩǴբ΋ཷा܄ϐϟಏǹќѦǴН፦ኬ ࠔϐ௦ኬϷߥӸǴ߾ჹܭҁࣴز܌຾Չϐ౜൑௦ኬځ௦ኬБݤϷН፦ኬҁߥӸ ϐБݤ຾ՉᇥܴǹനࡕǴН፦ኬࠔϐϩ݋Ǵ߾ӧܭᇥܴҁࣴزჹܭН፦ኬࠔϐ Н፦໨Ҟϩ݋܌௦ҔϐБݤ຾ՉϟಏǶ

ಃѤകࢂଯࢬໆਔයݞούᕗॄ಻ໆ௢՗Ǵҁക߾ଞჹݞούᕗޑ໺ᒡ௃׎Ϸᕗ ӧНᡏύӸӧࠠԄϐϩᜪϒаᇥܴǹќѦჹܭҁࣴز܌௦Ҕϐ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ຾

ՉϟಏǴௗ๱ஒჴෳݝࣳᐚࡋᆶ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ่ӝ܌ว৖ᕗॄ಻ໆ௢՗Бݤ຾

ՉϟಏǴനࡕஒ΢ॊϐБݤჴሞᔈҔӧ 2006 ԃ 6 Д 9 Вϐኪߘ٣ҹϷ 2006 ԃ 7ДύԒ໔ϐᅸճථረ॥ϐٿफ़ߘ٣ҹǴ٠ᆶѳਔ҂วғफ़ߘ٣ҹਔݞούᕴ ᕗॄ಻ໆϐރݩ຾Չϩ݋ϷКၨǴаᇥܴଯࢬໆයᕗॄ಻ໆඓඝϷ௓ڋϐख़ा

܄ǴΨჴሞᇥܴҁࣴزϐБݤёаԖਏᔈҔӧଯࢬໆਔයϐᕗॄ಻ໆ௢՗Ƕ

ಃϖകࢂଯࢬໆਔයଯਏ౗௦ኬБݤϐࣴزǴ२ӃЇΕҗऍ୯ϰ૟ൕεᏢߋྣฑ

௲௤܌ว৖ϐݝࣳϩթϦԄǴᒿࡕӆஒݞοᕵᘐय़ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϐϩթϦԄϒ аዴۓǴനࡕӆஒ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄжΕྋှᄊᕗϷݝࣳᐚࡋϐϩթϦԄǴջёа

؃ளᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋϐϩթϦԄǴനࡕஒ΢ॊБݤჴሞᔈҔӧ 2006 ԃ 8 Д΢Ԓ ਬऍረ॥Ϸ 2006 ԃ 9 ύԒ࣑࣑ረ॥ϐٿफ़ߘ٣ҹύǴ٠уаϩ݋Ϸ௖૸рଯ ਏ౗ϐໆෳБݤǴаϷӵՖჴሞᔈҔӧ҂ٰ௦ኬϐ୺Չ΢Ƕ

ಃϤക߾ଞჹҁࣴزගр่ፕᆶࡌ᝼Ǵа଺ࣁ҂ٰᔈҔϷว৖ϐୖԵǶ

ಃΒകǵЎ᝘ӣ៝

ҁࣴزޑख़ᗺӧܭྋှᄊᕗ(DP)ǵᗭಈᄊᕗ(PP)Ϸᕴᕗ(TP)ॄ಻ໆ௢՗Бݤϐ

ࣴزǴՠࢂ௦ኬϷ௢՗ϐБݤǴӧ೿Ѹ໪ӃᕕှӚᔼᎦނӧݞοНᡏύϐ໺ᒡБ ԄϷځൻᕉᐒ౛ωૈว৖р಄ӝނ౛౜ຝϐ௢՗БݤǴԶҁࣴزЬा๱౳ӧଯࢬ ໆය໔ϐ௦ኬϷॄ಻ໆϐ௢՗ǴӢԜ೭೿ሡाଞჹଞჹԦࢉނ໺ᒡǵᕗϐൻᕉϷ

੝܄ǵᕗϐ֎ǵಥߕϷݞοԦࢉނॄ಻ໆ௢՗฻ࣴز຾Չӣ៝Ǵҁകջଞჹ߻ॊ

ϐࣴز຾ՉЎ᝘ӣ៝Ƕ

2.1 Ԧࢉނ໺ᒡࣴز

෌ނ܌ᒘағߏޑᔼᎦނऩ௨ΕНᡏǴёаගٮНύғނғߏ܌ሡϐᔼᎦǴ ՠࢂऩ௨ܫၸໆ೷߾཮೷ԋԋНύғނޑၸࡋғߏǴԶ٬ளН፦ൾϯǴচٰޑᔼ Ꭶނ൩཮ᡂԋԦࢉނǴԶѸሡჹܭځ௨ܫໆуа௓ڋǴՠࢂԦࢉނϐᅿᜪࡐӭǴ Զ؂΋ᅿԦࢉނ೿Ԗځ੝܄Ǵ໺ᒡϐࠠᄊҭԖ܌όӕǴӢԜᕕှԦࢉނϐ໺ᒡБ ԄჴࣁࣁඓඝНᡏН፦ϐख़ाᜢᗖǶDi Toro et al. ӧ 1982 ԃஒࢥ܄ނ፦ӧНᡏύ ޑ໺ᒡ౜ຝϩࣁНࢊቫϷۭݝቫǴ٠ϩձ؃ှԜٿቫύӧࡡۓރݩΠޑࢥ܄ނ፦

ᐚࡋǶO’Connor ӧ 1988 ԃϩձଞჹόӕ௃ݩȐคΕࢬǵН৤෫ݲϷݞοΟᅿ௃ݩȑ ว৖рόӕޑࢥ܄ނ፦ኳԄǴЪᔈҔܭݞοȐFlint Riverȑ΢ǶќѦReddy et al. ӧ 1996 ԃޑࣴزύว౜ྛࢬύޑݝࣳወӧ֎ߕᕗޑૈΚǴฅԶଯࢬໆ౗аϷНᆶݝ

ࣳ໔อኩޑௗ᝻ਔ໔߾ஒߔᛖ೭ঁၸำǶHatch et al.ܭ 1999 ԃϷ Bowes et al.ܭ 2005 ԃޑࣴزύଷ೛ݞοޑୁӛᒡΕࢂࡐλޑచҹΠǴݞούᕗᐚࡋޑӕϯ౗

(assimilation rates)Ǵڗ،ܭНࢊύᕴᕗޑᐚࡋᆶᕗЬाٰྍ(primary source)ຯᚆ໔ ޑ΋໘૰෧ᜢ߯ϐڄኧٰ௢՗ǶՠࢂݞοӧኪߘයਔࢬໆϐᡂϯཱུεǴԶኪߘਔ යࢬໆᆶᕗޑᐚࡋᜢ߯ᡉ౜р΋ঁᒨᅉޑਏᔈǴԶԜᒨᅉਏᔈӧНЎᐕำጕޑ΢

ަϷΠަޑၸำύځ࣬ӕࢬໆਔᕗޑᐚࡋ֡ό࣬ӕǹќѦǴBowes et al.ӧ 2008 ԃ ޑࣴزύࡰрᔼᎦނޑᐚࡋᆶݞοޑࢬໆ೏ܴዴӦ᛾ܴрڀԖଯࡋޑ࣬ᜢ܄Ǵՠ

ࢂ೭ࢂவ಍ीᏢޑᢀᗺǴԶ௨ନᔼᎦނ໺ᒡޑނ౛ᐒڋǶόၸ྽๱౳ܭݞού໺

ᒡޑނ౛ᐒڋਔǴϝฅԖ೚ӭࣴز௖૸ᔼᎦނ໺ᒡᆶݞοଯࢬໆ໔ϐᜢ߯Ƕ܈೚

ᔼᎦނᆶࢬໆ໔ԖКٯޑᜢ߯Ǵՠࢂ᏾ঁ٣ҹޑၸำύԜᜢ߯ό཮࡭ុᆢ࡭Ƕ൩

Ⴝ໣Н୔ޑ߃ۈؑڇวғਔǴҗ໣Н୔ؑڇрٰޑᔼᎦނϷᝌੌݝࣳ೿཮ᒿ๱ࢬ ໆޑቚуԶቚуǴՠࢂӧ࿶ၸ΋ࢤਔ໔ϐࡕଯࢬໆޑᡏᑈёૈ཮ჹݞούϐᔼᎦ ނᐚࡋౢғีញբҔǴฅԶ೭Ψڗ،ܭଯࢬໆࢂց࡭ុԖჹ໣Н୔ౢғؑᇑǶ Lesack et al. ӧ 1980 ԃ 7 ДԿ 1981 ԃ 6 Дය໔ǴଞჹྋှᄊϷᗭಈᄊނ፦ӧݞο ύϐ໺ᒡᆶࢬໆϐᡂϯ຾ՉࣴزǴ٠аՋߚࢪޑ Gambia River ࣁٯǴځࣴزύჹ ܭᗭಈᄊᕗ(PP)ᐚࡋᆶࢬໆϐᜢ߯ԔጕύǴځᐚࡋϐᡂϯև౜΋ঁ໩ਔដᖿ༈ޑᒨ ᅉ଑୮౜ຝǴᡉҢᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋᆶࢬໆ໔٠ߚࢂ΋ֹӄ҅Кᜢ߯ǶҗԜёޕǴӧ ኪߘය໔ǴݞοНࢬύޑᔼᎦނᐚࡋࢂࡐፄᚇޑǴԶЪځቹៜёૈҗ໣Н୔ϐؑ

ڇǵ໣Н୔ϐڵࡋǵफ़ߘޑமࡋϷݝࣳޑ֎ߕރݩ฻Ӣન܌ಔԋǴӢԜᔼᎦނᐚ ࡋکଯࢬໆ౗༈Ѹό཮ֹӄӦᒥӺ๱۶Ԝ໔ޑКٯᜢ߯Ƕ

ҁࣴزύЬाࢂ๱ख़ӧၭ཰ࢲ୏܌ౢғޑߚᗺྍԦࢉǴ൩Ⴝޥ਑Ϸၭᛰޑࡼ

ҔቚуΑ೵ࢬύԦࢉނᕗޑᐚࡋǴᒿ๱ڬᎁᕉნޑόӕǴፏӵේǵᕗՔᒿᝌੌڰ ᡏނޑᐚࡋ֡ԖόӕำࡋϐቚуǶၸໆޑේϷᕗ཮ᏤठНύғނޑၸࡋғߏനಖ ᏤठН৤ޑᓬᎦϯ೷ԋН፦΢ޑόё଍ቹៜǴԶᕗΨࢂ೷ԋᆵ᡼Н৤ᓬᎦϯޑ΋

ঁЬाԦࢉނԋҽϐ΋Ƕफ़եН৤ᓬᎦϯޑനӳБݤ൩ࢂѸ໪෧ϿН৤໣Н୔΢

ෞᕗޑᒡрǶBeauchemin et al.ӧ 1996 ԃޑࣴزύǴᡉҢрଯ୏ނஏࡋӦ୔ϐβᝆ Кե୏ނஏࡋ܈හ݅Ӧ୔ϐβᝆ׳໼ӛܭӧНύྋᘠрၨӭޑᕗǶKronvang ܭ 1992ԃϷ Correll ܭ 1998 ԃޑࣴزύ֡ว౜྽ΓᜪޑӚᅿࢲ୏܌ౢғޑᕗ຾Ε෫

৤Ǵ۳۳ࢂ೷ԋᝯᜪᕓ໔εໆғߏǴН፦ᓬᎦϯচӢǶ

ӧ Pionke et al.ܭ 1996 ԃޑࣴزύࡰрᕗԾ໣Н୔ύԖவ٣ၭ཰હբӦ୔ޑᒡ рໆǴЬाࢂڗ،ܭኪߘය໔ޑߏอǶεऊ 70%Н࣬ᕗ(water-phase phosphorus)ޑ ϐᒡрࢂ՞܌ԖኪߘයࢬໆԖᅱෳਔ໔ޑ 10%ǶࡽฅኪߘයЍଛΑᕗޑᒡрǴӢ Ԝऩёа௓ڋ೭٤໣Н୔ύ೭ਔයܰڙډफ़ߘቹៜԶ௴୏ϐᕗᒡрǴځჴ೭Ψග ٮΑ௓ڋܰ೏ᝯᜪ֎ԏޑᕗᒡр໣Н୔ϐന٫ᐒ཮ǶԶ೾ਁੀ฻ܭ 2000 ԃޑࣴز ύࡰрǴӧᆵ᡼୯ϣޑН৤ݝࣳکᕗᔼᎦᡶ฻ӭӧኪߘයεໆҗ໣Н୔ᒡр຾Ε Н৤Ƕҗа΢ϐЎ᝘ӣ៝ύᕕှǴΓᜪࢲ୏ЍଛΑᕗޑЬाٰྍǴᕗӧኪߘයϐ

໺ᒡ౜ຝڙډ࣬྽ӭӢનޑቹៜǴЪځ໺ᒡӧᐚࡋᆶᆶࢬໆ໔Ԗ΋ᒨᅉϐᜢ߯Ǵ όܰҗ΋૓ϐ಍ी଑ᘜᜢٰ߯௢՗؃ளǴԖѸाӆϒаుΕϐࣴزǶ

2.2 ᕗϐൻᕉϷ੝܄

ҁࣴزϐԦࢉނаᕗࣁЬा኱ޑǴԾฅࣚӸӧޑᕗǴε೿ࢂҗݝࣳ֎ߕ֖ᕗ

᝜ނϷ୏ǵ෌ނᡏԾيϩှ܈௨ݧౢғԖᐒᕗǴ໣Н୔ᕗޑٰྍۘх֖Γࢲ୏܌

׎ԋޑᗺྍϷߚᗺྍԦࢉǴа΢Ӛᅿᕗٰྍёаᝌੌᄊ܈ྋှᄊᕗޑࠠԄ຾ΕӦ ߄НᡏǴԶ Abrams and Jarrell ܭ 1995 ԃǴଞჹ Tualatin River ࢬୱޑଯӦϷեӦ฻

όӕՏ࿼ϐβᝆ຾Չ௦ኬځύว౜ Tualatin River ࢬୱԖ 50%а΢ޑβᝆࢂ໣Н୔

ϣወӧߚᗺྍᕗޑٰྍǴӕਔΨᡉҢрϺฅβᝆ܌֖ޑᕗࢂ΋ঁወӧߚᗺྍԦࢉ

ᕗޑٰྍϐ΋Ƕќ΋Бय़ǴKronvang ܭ 1992 ޑࣴزύࡰрᆶݝࣳԖᜢߚᗺྍᕗϐ

໺ᒡനࣁख़ाǴ୷ܭ΢ෞؑᇑکΠෞݝࣳ໔ޑᜢ߯Ǵёа،ۓрᗭಈᄊᕗϐٰྍǴ Ψ൩ࢂᇥݞούᗭಈᄊᕗޑ໺ᒡჹܭᕗޑᒡрٰᇥתᄽ๱ࡐख़ाޑفՅǹLesack et al. ܭ 1980 ԃ 7 ДԿ 1981 ԃ 6 Дය໔ǴଞჹྋှᄊϷᗭಈᄊނ፦ӧݞούϐ໺ᒡ ᆶࢬໆϐᡂϯ຾ՉࣴزǴ٠аՋߚࢪޑ Gambia River ࣁٯǴӧځࣴزය໔ྋှᄊ ᕗϷᗭಈᄊᕗϐ໔ࢂև౜֡ϬϩଛǴՠࢂӧځࣴزය໔ޑ 1 ДԿ 6 Дᗭಈᄊᕗϐ ϩଛКٯԖКྋှᄊᕗϐКٯٰޑଯޑᖿ༈ǶԶჹܭᕗᒡрໆޑࣴزύǴSharpley and Syersܭ 1979 ԃޑࣴزჹܭ໣Н୔ᕗᒡрޑ௃׎Ǵϩձ൩Ӧय़ǵӦቫǵӦΠН

೵ࢬکྛࢬ௨Нس಍฻όӕࠠԄǴჹ໣Н୔ϣ 20 Ϧഘޑށ૛ӦᅱෳΑ 3 ԃǶӧ 1977 ԃ໔ޑᅱෳ่݀ǴྛኲύݞྛݝࣳޑؑᇑϷख़ཥᝌੌჹܭݞྛࢬໆύᕗޑ໺ᒡ՞

Αࡐख़ाޑԋϩǴϩձࣁᗭಈᄊᕗ 86%ǵᕴᕗ 77%Ϸݝࣳ 74%ǶUnsitalo et al.ܭ 2000ԃჹݞούᕗϩթޑࣴزύǴࡰрྋှϸᔈ܄ᕗ(Dissolved reactive phosphorus, ᙁᆀ DRP)ࢂ୤΋όڙډ೵ࢬНύᝌੌڰᡏނϐᐚࡋ܌ቹៜޑᔼᎦྍǴҺՖԖճܭ

ؑᇑ௓ڋޑ௛ࡼǴջ཮फ़եᗭಈᄊᕗύёಥߕᕗޑໆ(desorbable particulate P)ǴԶ

྽ᗭಈᄊᕗ՞Αᕴᕗޑ๊ε೽ϩਔǴ߾ݞούޑᝌੌڰᡏނᐚࡋஒࢂѸ໪ा೏Ե ໆޑӢηǶ

ӧݝࣳޑ֎ಥߕБय़ǴGreen et al. ܭ 1978 ԃමࣴز Maumee River ࢬୱޑᝌ

ੌݝࣳϐ֎ߕ-ಥߕ໔ޑ੝܄ǴᡉҢрݝࣳϐ֎ߕࢂё଍ޑǴ྽ݝࣳڬᎁᕗޑᐚࡋ Кᕗޑѳᑽᐚࡋ(Equilibrium P Concentration, EPC)ाٰޑեਔǴԜਔᕗ཮வݝࣳញ ܫрٰǴԶЪ྽ځᕉნޑރᄊፏӵ pH ॶ܈ޣځ਼ϯᗋচ༈ૈׯᡂਔǴᕗΨёૈ཮

ញܫǶќѦǴWang et al. ܭ 2003 ԃޑࣴزύճҔኳԄኳᔕН৤ۭቫݝࣳǴځ؇ᑈ

ݝࣳᆶНޑҬࣚय़΢ᕗញܫϐႣෳǴ܌٬ҔϐኳԄᆫขӧ؇ᑈݝࣳᆶНޑҬࣚय़

္ࢲ܄ၨଯޑ؇ᑈݝࣳǴԶԜࣴزനࡕΨ᛾ܴΑǴۭቫݝࣳࢂёа຾Չ֎ߕၟಥ ߕޑբҔǴځӧНᡏύޑفՅёаࢂᕗޑٮᔈޣ܈֎ԏޣǶ

ӧᔼᎦނޑ௓ڋӢηБय़ǴRedfield et al.ܭ 1963 ԃޑࣴزύᇡࣁᕗΨࢂНғ ނޑᔼᎦᡶϐ΋Ǵӧ፾྽ޑӀྣᆶНྕచҹΠǴᝯᜪឪڗᕗа຾ՉӀӝբҔᕷ෗Ǵ ᝯᜪϩηԄύǴC/N/P ವԸКٯࣁ 106:16:1(ख़ໆКࣁ 41:7.2:1)Ǵᙁᆀࣁ Redfield ratioǶ Healey and Hendzelܭ 1980 ԃϷ Hecky et al.ܭ 1993 ԃޑࣴزύǴࡰрऩНύ N/P ख़ ໆКଯܭ 7Ǵ߾ᝯᜪғߏޑज़ڋӢη(limiting factor)ࣁᕗǶӧεӭኧ෫ݲϷН৤ύǴ ज़ڋᕗჹᝯᜪғߏКज़ڋේ׳ԖਏǴԶ Chapra ӧځ 1997 ԃޑН፦ኳᔕ஑ਜύࡰрǴ Нғ෌ނӧவНᡏύ֎ԏคᐒᔼᎦނځӚԋҽӧीໆ΢և౜΋ঁКٯᜢ߯ǴԶӧ

ේᆶᕗޑКॶ΢ځ N:P ޑКॶӧНύλܭ 7.2 ਔǴ߾НᡏύϐේࣁНύғނޑज़ڋ ӢηǴϸϐ߾ᕗࣁज़ڋӢηǶନԜϐѦǴᕗϡનޑ΋ঁ੝፦൩ࢂѬёаКේϡન

׳மਗ਼ޑ֎ߕӧᗭಈᄊޑݝࣳ΢ǴԶЪځ٠҂Ԗа਻ᡏӸӧޑࠠᄊǶ

җа΢ޑЎ᝘ӣ៝ύǴᕕှډ໣Н୔ύϺฅβᝆΨࢂᕗޑٰྍϐ΋Ǵӧ௓ڋ ᓬᎦϯޑӢηύǴа௓ڋᕗၨࣁԖਏǴԶݞούྋှᄊᕗᆶᝌੌڰᡏނᐚࡋޑᜢ

߯٠όεǴՠࢂݝࣳࢂឦܭ֎ߕ܈ಥߕޑރᄊ㞊Ξڗ،ܭྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋޑቹៜǴ Զ໣Н୔ᕗޑᒡрڗ،ܭᝌੌڰᡏނᐚࡋ܌՞ޑКٯǴऩݞούݝࣳޑКٯୃଯ ਔǴ߾ᗭಈᄊᕗԜਔջ׳ᡉख़ाǶ

2.3 ᕗ֎ಥߕࣴز

Ԗᜢᕗޑ֎ǵಥߕՉࣁࣴزύǴMorrissey and Grismer ܭ 1999 ԃޑࣴزύǴ Ҕߏਔ໔Ёࡋޑ֎ಥߕ୏Κჴᡍаၨ࠼ᢀǵ੿ჴޑفࡋѐᕕှᄌ֎ಥߕՉࣁޑ੿

࣬ǴаЧ✉ǵशᆶҘश਻࣬ᘉණ֎ߕܭଯᔂҡǵҲ๲ҡᆶᆾ੝ҡԜΟᅿᗹβ᝜ނ ύ຾ՉೱុԄ֎ಥߕჴᡍǶPan et al.ܭ 2002 ԃޑࣴزύаѭᛥݞ(Nile)ࣁٯǴࣴز ᕗޑ֎ǵಥߕՉࣁǴӧځࣴزύᡉҢѭᛥݞԿܿӦύੇ(East Mediterranean Sea)໔ Нᡏύޑᗭಈᄊނ፦(particulate matter, PM)Ǵ཮ᒿ๱܌ӧޑόӕНᡏ(߄य़ੇНǵ

ుቫੇНϷݞοН)Զԋࣁᕗޑٮ๏(ಥߕ)܈֎ԏ(֎ߕ)ޣޑᚈख़فՅǴځֹӄڗ،

ܭКᐚࡋ(Specific Concentration)ǴКᐚࡋࢂН࣬ᕗᐚࡋ C ᆶᕗѳᑽ႟ᐚࡋ(zero

equilibrium P concentration, EPC₀)ޑКॶ (=C/ EPC0)Ǵځύ EPC0೏ۓကࣁ฻ྕ֎

ߕኳԄԔጕᆶН࣬ᐚࡋືҬΰޑྋှᄊᐚࡋॶǶ྽ >1 ਔǴԜਔ C>EPC0ᗭಈᄊނ

፦ࢂև౜֎ߕޑރᄊǹϸϐ྽ <1 ਔǴ߾և౜ಥߕޑރᄊǶLiu et al.ܭ 2002 ԃޑ

ࣴزύǴჹܭඦηԢ(ջߏԢ)ݞαᆶੇ۞ዊδభ᠁୔ୱጄൎ຾Չ௦ኬ٠ӧჴᡍ࠻ύ ϩ݋Ϸ௖૸҅ᕗለᡶ(PO4-P)ޑ֎ߕ௃׎Ǵӧځࣴزύࡰрᕗ֎ߕӧݝࣳޑၸำε ऊวғӧ 0-10 λਔϣǴฅࡕ൩ၲډ୏ᄊѳᑽǴ೭ঁჴᡍύว౜നεޑ֎ߕೲ౗ε ऊวғӧ 0-0.5 λਔϣǴԶຎӦୱ܄ޑৡ౦ጄൎεऊӧ؂λਔ 10.40–56.40 mg/kgǶ

֎ߕޑೲ౗ࡐܴᡉڙډݝࣳύಒλᗭಈ(<63 m)ݝࣳᐚࡋϐቹៜǶ฻ྕ֎ߕԔጕ಄

ӝঅ҅܎਱ஏᅟБำԄǴځ֎ߕ৒ໆޑጄൎεऊӧ 26.32 Կ 204.08 mg/kgǶќѦჴ ᡍޑ่݀ᡉҢрྕࡋǵpH ॶǵᡶࡋ೿ࢂࡐख़ाቹៜᕗ֎ߕޑᕉნӢηǴԶӧᕗ֎

ߕޑᡂϯࢂև౜ V ࠠޑԔጕǶӧ pH ॶӧ 7-8 ϐ໔ᕗޑ֎ߕໆࢂၨեޑǹӧեᡶࡋ Ӧ୔Ǵᕗ֎ߕޑໆᒿ๱ᡶࡋޑቚуԶܴᡉቚуǴՠӧᡶࡋຬၸίϩϐϖϐࡕԖ٤

༾෧ϿޑഘӛǹԶྕࡋΨࢂ΋ঁቹៜ֎ߕޑख़ाӢηǴӧځჴᡍύᕗޑ֎ߕࢂᆶ

ྕࡋևጕ܄ᜢ߯ǶHarter ܭ 1968 ԃǵWilliams et al.ܭ 1970 ԃϷ Ku et al.ܭ 1978 ԃޑࣴزύǴว౜ݝࣳჹܭॄ಻ໆޑቹៜǴ཮ᒿ๱ۑ࿯Զӧ਼ϯᗋচ༈ૈǵpH ॶ Ϸྕࡋ׳ඹ฻ޑచҹΠ،ۓݝࣳ֎ߕѳᑽޑ௓ڋᜢ߯Ƕ၀׳ඹΨှញΑݝࣳёа ӕਔࢂٰྍ(source)Ϸ׭ڋ(sink)ޑόӕفՅǶε೽ҽޑࣴز཮ᆫขܭᕗӧჇ਼ރᄊ ΠޑញܫǶࣁΑ،ۓᕗӧ਼ჇӧރᄊΠޑՉࣁǴε೽ϩԐයޑࣴز௦Ҕ܎਱ஏᅟ ѳ ᑽ Б ำ Ԅ (Langmuir equilibrium equation) ܈ ޣ ן উ ள ٚ ڻ Б ำ Ԅ (Freundlich equation)ёаӝ౛ӦаኧᏢޑБԄඔॊ਼ϯᗋচǵpH ॶϷྕࡋჹܭݝࣳ֎ߕѳᑽ ޑቹៜǶ

Ԗᜢܭݝࣳ֎ߕϐࣴزύǴNash and Halliwell ܭ 2000 ԃޑࣴزύǴࡰрྋှ

ᆶؑᇑޑၸำ೿ёа໺ᒡϷ౽୏ᕗǴؑᇑ೏ۓကࣁคݤ೯ၸ 0.45-m ᘠᆛᑔᒧޑݝ

ࣳځނ౛܄ϐ໺ᒡǹྋှ߾ࢂྋှӧНύޑᕗ܈ޣࢂ٩ߕӧጤᡏ׷፦ёа೯ၸ 0.45-mᘠᆛᑔᒧޑᕗϐ໺ᒡၸำǶғނ኱૶ࢂё೏Ҕٰගଯ྽߻໣Н୔ϣଓᙫٰ

ྍᕗޑБݤǴԶ᛽ձрНύᕗޑٰྍࢂࡌҥ໣Н୔᏾ݯׯ๓฼ౣ܌όё܈લޑ೼

৩ǶKarickhoff and Brown ܭ 1978 ԃޑࣴزว౜֎ߕ߯ኧᆶಈ৩ಔԋԖࡐεޑᜢ߯Ǵ ջ֎ߕ߯ኧࣁόӕᗭಈ֎ߕբҔޑᕴᡏ߄౜ǹԶ Miller et al.ܭ 1982 ԃϷ Dong et al.

ܭ 1983 ԃޑࣴزύǴஒ໣Н୔ᕗᒡрໆᆶΓࣁ໒วय़ᑈϷᗹβ֖ໆᜢ߯௢Ꮴр଑

ᘜ࿶ᡍԄǶ၀౛ፕ୷ᘵᇡࣁλᗭಈᗹβڀԖ֎ߕၨӭᕗޑૈΚǹGale et al.ܭ 1994 ԃޑࣴزаᔸӦբࣁᅉ੮ᕗޑ΋ᅿБԄǴܭࣴزύճҔጕ܄ǵןউளٚڻک܎਱

ஏᅟΟᅿ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄǴϩձаόӕޑᔸӦచҹǴхࡴӧғނჇ਼کߚჇ਼ރᄊ ΠǵΓπᔸӦکϺฅᔸӦܭόӕޑ pH ॶచҹΠβᝆჹܭᕗޑ֎ߕ௃׎Ǵჴᡍ่݀

ว౜ןউளٚڻ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ࣬ჹܭځѬٿޣڀԖၨଯޑ፾Ҕ܄Ƕ

җа΢ޑࣴزύǴёޕНᡏύޑݝࣳёаӕਔࣁᕗޑٮᔈޣ܈֎ԏޣǴځֹ

ӄڗ،ܭݝࣳҁيϐᗭಈελϷځ܌ӧϐНᡏᕉნ܌،ۓǶ

2.4 ݞοԦࢉނॄ಻ໆ௢՗ࣴز

ԖᜢݞοԦࢉॄ಻ໆࣴزǴWarwick ܭ 1997 ԃޑࣴزύǴа WASP5 ჹ Nevadad Carson River଺Н፦ኳᔕǴ٠௖૸ߚᗺྍॄ಻ໆჹݞοޑቹៜǶSavenko ܭ 1999 ԃ ޑࣴزύǴමჹШࣚ΢ख़ाݞοᒡрޑᝌੌڰᡏᆶᕗॄ಻ໆ຾Չ಍ीǴว౜ѳ֡

ޑᕗ֖ໆࢂ 1000g P/g SSǶFurumai and Ohgaki ܭ 1989 ԃޑࣴزύǴࡰрӧε೽

ҽޑӾঢ়ࢬໆਔǴᕗޑᐚࡋ๱Ӧᒿ๱ࢬໆޑቚуԶቚуǶ௨Нس಍ϣᕗޑԃॄ಻

ໆ୷ҁࢂҗख़εޑࢬໆ٣ҹύёࢬ୏ᕗӧ߄βύϐӸӧໆ܌،ۓǶॄ಻ໆޑ௢՗

Ѹ໪ࡌҥӧ܌Ԗࢬໆ٣ҹޑஏ໣௦ኬϐ୷ᘵ΢ǴԶЪѸ໪௨ନჹܭ௢՗ёૈౢғ ޑᡉ๱όዴۓ܄ӢનωૈၲԋǶࣁΑߦ຾όӕࣴز໔ϐКၨǴॄ಻ໆϐ௢՗Ѹ໪

ᕴࢂх֖ߞᒘ୔໔Ƕ

Fulweiler and Nixonܭ 2005 ԃ຾ՉӚᅿේǵᕗόӕࠠԄϐॄ಻ໆࣴزǴځࣴ

زӦᗺЬाࢂҗӧ໣Н୔ϣϩթහ݅ϷեΓαஏࡋ(80 people/km²)ޑ Pawcatuck Riverࢬୱ(764 km²)ௗΕభݞα Narragansett Bay ࣁٯǴԜࣴزύჹܭේϷᕗޑӚ ᅿӸӧࠠԄ຾ՉໆෳΨӧ΋ԃ໔ޑ 80 ӭԛӧዊԤቹៜΠໆෳݞαᝌੌڰᡏނϐᐚ ࡋǴ٠௢՗ԃॄ಻ໆǴ؂ԃ܌ᒡрᕴේύǴྋှคᐒේࠠԄ(NO^3-)ऊ՞Α 83%Ǵځ ᎩࢂԖᐒේޑࠠԄǴԶᗭಈᄊේ߾՞Α܌Ԗᒡрޑ 17%ǹᕗޑᒡр߾Ьाҗᗭಈ ᄊࠠԄࣁЬǴ՞Αӄԃᒡрໆޑ 67%ǵྋှᄊคᐒᕗଅ᝘Α 30%ԶྋှᄊԖᐒᕗ

߾՞Α 8%Ƕ೭ځύᕴේᆶݞοࢬໆԖமӈޑ଑ᘜᜢ߯Ǵόىޑၗ਑ёаճҔጕ܄

ϣකޑБԄаݞοࢬໆٰ௢՗ේޑᐚࡋϷԃᒡрໆǴՠࢂᕗ൩ؒԖ೭ኬޑՉࣁ੝

܄ǴԶځᒡрໆ߾Ѹ໪வ໣Н୔ٰ՗ᆉǶ

ၸѐޑ൳ΜԃǴӦय़Нᡏх֖Н৤ǵ෫ݲϷੇ۞ᓬᎦϯୢᚒ֡೴ᅌ೏сᡉϷ ᜢЈǴҞ߻ᗺྍԦࢉς೴ᅌ೏ٛݯǴՠࢂ೚ӭၭ཰ࢲ୏ޑᄽඹϷࠤѱۚՐว৖܌

ౢғޑߚᗺྍԦࢉςڗԶжϐ೴ᅌ೏ຎࣁ೷ԋН፦ᓬᎦϯޑЬाচӢϐ΋ǴӢԜ ࣁΑຑ՗ၭ཰ࢲ୏ޑ׳ॏϷᆅ౛௛ࡼჹܭӦय़НᡏϐቹៜǴၭ཰܈೿ѱ໣Н୔܌

ౢғϐࢬໆǵݝࣳᒡрໆϷᔼᎦނޑॄ಻ໆޑᅱෳϷໆϯࢂѸाޑǴGikas et al.ܭ 2006ԃճҔऍ୯ၭ཰೽(USDA)܌৖ SWAT ኳԄӧч׆ᛪޑ΋ঁξᔂ/ၭ཰ॿӸځ य़ᑈ 1,349 km²ޑ໣Н୔ǴճҔ 1998 ԃ 5 ДԿ 2000 ԃ 1 Дӧ໣Н୔ 9 ঁЬाЍࢬ ޑ௦ኬઠϐၗ਑ǴኳᔕځНЎᐕጕǵݝࣳǵฮለᡶϷᕴᕗϐᐚࡋᐕጕ٠࿶ၸኳԄ ϐᔠۓǵᡍ᛾ǴനࡕஒΟঁݯ౛฼ౣᔈҔܭኳԄǴኳᔕჴሞჹܭ௨рܭӦύੇॄ

಻ໆߺ෧ϐԋਏǶ೾ਁੀ฻Ǵܭ 2006 ԃޑࣴزύǴճҔ CE-QUAL-RIV1 ௢՗Α ᆨᆧН৤΢ෞॄ಻ໆᡉҢԧයଯࢬໆය໔܌஥ٰޑᕴᕗॄ಻ໆऊ՞ӄԃᕴᕗॄ಻

ໆϐ 80%-90%Ǵ٠௢՗ 2006 ԃӄԃҗч༈ྛр߻຾ΕᆨᆧН৤ϐᕴᕗໆऊࣁ 33.43 ᏒǶ



































 

ಃΟക ࣴزӦᗺϷ௦ኬϩ݋Бݤ

3.1 ࣴزӦᗺϟಏ

ᆨᆧН৤(Feitsui Reservoir)߯ᆵ᡼ޑч೽ޑЬाН৤ϐ΋ǴёаගٮεѠчӦ

୔؂Вऊ 630 ࿤҇౲ϐ҇ғҔНǴԶҁࣴزӦᗺ߯ՏܭځಃΒεЍࢬങ຺ങᾴྛ

(Daiyujay Creek)໣Н୔Ǵ௦ኬӦᗺ߾Տܭ၀ྛࢬሒௗΕч༈ྛ(Peishi Creek)Ьࢬ߻

΢ෞϐε݅ᐏ(Da-Lin Bridge)Ƕ

3.1.1 Ӧ౛Տ࿼Ϸ਻ং

ҁࣴ߯Տܭч༈ྛࢬୱ΢ෞᆨᆧН৤໣Н୔ϣǴᆨᆧН৤ޑ໣Н୔ᕴय़ᑈऊ 303ѳБϦٚǴځύεठёаϩࣁΎঁЬाޑЍࢬǴН৤΢ෞޑч༈ྛࢬୱх֖О ᐨክྛǵࡕ֞ηྛǵߎҐቧྛǵങ຺ങᾴྛϷ᡼዇ྛ฻ЍࢬǴԶҁࣴزЬाࢂаങ຺ങ ᾴྛࣁЬǴങ຺ങᾴྛϐ໣Н୔ऊ 50 ѳБϦٚǴࢂᆨᆧН৤΢ෞޑಃΒε໣Н୔Ǵ ऊ՞ᆨᆧН৤໣Н୔ᕴय़ᑈޑ 17%ǴН፦௦ኬӦᗺε݅ᐏ߾ՏܭЍࢬങ຺ങᾴྛЬ ࢬ΢Ǵຯᆶч༈ྛ༊ࢬೀ΢ෞऊ 600 ϦЁǴЪܭόڙᆨᆧН৤㥲НϐቹៜǴځӦ

౛Տ࿼Տܭങ຺ങᾴྛၨѳޔࢤǴЪՏܭങ຺ങᾴྛΠෞന҃ᆄϐՏ࿼ǴӧԜ௦ኬё ඓඝ᏾ঁങ຺ങᾴྛ໣Н୔Ԧࢉॄ಻ໆϐ௃׎Ƕ

 კ 3-1 ࣴز௦ኬӦᗺՏ࿼კ

23.5⁰N Tropic of Cancer

121⁰E TAIWAN Daiyujay Creek

Peishi Creek Sampling Station

(Da-Lin Bridge)

Feitsui Reservoir

ᆵ᡼ޑ਻ংЬाࢂୋ዗஥ۑ॥਻ংǴоۑ౰Չܿчۑ॥ዊᔸӭߘǴহۑ౰Չ ϐՋࠄ਻ࢬǴহۑ౰ՉϐՋࠄ਻ࢬǴӢڙഓξξેϐߔ႖Ǵჹҁ୔ቹៜၨλǶҁ Ӧ୔ΜДԿ΋Д໔հ਻იவύ୯εഌӦ୔ࠄΠډᆵ᡼Ǵ೷ԋε೽ҽޑϺኧ֡ೀܭ फ़ߘޑࠠᄊǴԶӧহۑය໔ǴԜࣴز୔ୱ߾ڙډረ॥ϷኪߘޑቹៜǴத஥ٰёᢀ ޑᇬߘǶฅԶΖДԿΜ΋ёᆀࣁҁࣴزӦ୔ϐЬाߘۑǶԾ 2002 ԃԿ 2011 ԃය ໔ԜӦ୔ϐԃफ़ߘໆѳ֡ࣁ 3,405 ϦᮯǹฅԶԜ୔ϐफ़ߘ൩೴ԃϐϩթࠠᄊԶقǴ ٠ߚࣁ֡ϬϩթϐࠠᄊǴЬाࢂڙ΢ډॊϐۑ࿯܄ᡂϯϷረ॥ߟ᠍ϐόёႣޕޑ

਻ংࠠᄊ܌౐୏Ƕ

3.1.2 ໣Н୔ϐ٬Ҕ౜ݩ

ᆨᆧН৤΢ෞϐ໣Н୔Ԗ 85.9%ޑКٯ൳Яࢂහ݅ǴԶၭ཰ǵۚՐӦϷ૛Ӧय़ ᑈϐϩթ߾ϩձ՞໣Н୔ޑ 6.6%ǵ1.1%Ϸ 2.6%Ƕ໣Н୔ϣ೚ӭޑૡ༜ǵ๼༜Ϸዿ Җ֡ϩթ০ပܭݞοϷН৤ϐᔭНӦ୔Ǵӕਔҗܭᆵ᡼ޑୋ዗஥਻ংǴԜӦ୔ޑ ዿբ؂ԃёаԏԋٿԛǶΨҗܭΓࣁϐࢲ୏ӧԜӦ୔ᓎᕷޑวғǴӢԜჹܭၭહ

܌Ѹा٬Ҕޑޥ਑ϷఠᙝᏊϐҔໆаϷΓࣁࢲ୏܌ౢғϐғࢲቲНǴ֡όܰᕇள Ԗਏޑ௓ڋǶ

чەଯೲϦၡޑ໒೯ࡕǴᆵчѱډەើᑜϐਓำਔ໔Ψᒿϐε൯ޑ෧ϿΑǴ ځύჹܭԜ୔Ӧ஥ٰคኧޑၯ࠼ਓԛǴ࣬ჹޑჹܭԜӦ୔ޑΓαΨԖ࣬ჹޑගϲǴ ԶᆨᆧН৤໣Н୔ޑΓαኧӧ 2006 ԃਔεऊԖ 8,890 ΓǴฅԶ࿶җᢀӀ࠼ӧଷВ

ౢғޑၯ࠼ኧ؂Вεऊёаቚу 3,000-5,000 ΓǴӧපଷය໔ຬၸ 1,000 Γኧ཮੮ ӧ྽ӦၸڹၯᏨǶӃόԵቾ਻ংޑӢનǴၯ࠼࿶ၸ܈ଶ੮ӧڳ݅Ӧ୔ᢀӀޑΓኧ

֡ჹܭч༈ྛϷങ຺ങᾴྛౢғ࣬྽ኧໆޑේϷᕗॄ಻ໆǶ

ԾவчەଯೲϦၡ໒೯ϐࡕ࣬ᜢޑН፦ᅱෳ࡭ុޑԖӧ຾ՉǴவ 2006 ԃ 4 Д Կ 2007 ԃ 3 ДԜය໔΋ԃ໔ϐᅱෳኧᏵύǴྋ਼(DO)ǵᝌੌڰᡏނ(SS)ǵᕴᕗ(TP) Ϸ਽ේ(NH3-N)ޑᐚࡋεऊϩձࣁ 7.9ǵ3.39ǵ0.017 Ϸ 0.033 mg/LǶങ຺ങᾴྛޑН

፦ޑ௓ڋ߾Ѹ໪а೭٤ᅱෳၗ਑ࣁ୷ᘵٰ຾ՉǶ



 

߄3-1 ങ຺ങᾴྛ໣Н୔Ծ2006ԃ4ДԿ2007ԃ3ДϐН፦௦ኬၗ਑

Year Mon.

DO

(mg/L)

SS

(mg/L)

TP

(mg/L)

NH₃N

(mg/L)

2006 Apr. 6.3 3.23 0.014 0.050

 May 7.0 2.68 0.016 0.035

 Jun. 8.0 7.38 0.015 0.033

 Jul. 6.9 3.50 0.064 0.040

 Aug. 7.9 2.35 0.018 0.038

 Sep. 7.9 6.90 0.012 0.033

 Oct. 8.5 2.60 0.011 0.042

 Nov. 8.4 3.15 0.014 0.035

 Dec. 8.9 2.10 0.012 0.024

2007 Jan. 8.7 1.65 0.012 0.020

 Feb. 8.4 2.55 0.010 0.025

 Mar. 8.4 2.60 0.011 0.023

Average 7.9 3.39 0.017 0.033

ၗ਑ٰྍǺ᏾౛ԾҬ೯೽ᆵ᡼୔୯ၰཥࡌπำֽᆛઠ



3.2 Н፦ኬࠔϐ௦໣ϷߥӸ

ҁࣴزЬाϐ௦ኬբ཰֡ࢂӧኪߘය໔ϐଯࢬໆਔය຾ՉǴӢԜόፕࢂൾӍ ޑ਻ংᗋࢂଯᅍޑНՏჹܭ௦ኬ֡೷ԋཱུεϐԵᡍǴќѦҗܭ௦ኬ࡭ុޑਔ໔֡

ࣁ᏾൑ኪߘϐଯࢬໆය໔ǴӢԜჹܭᡏΚ΢ޑॄ಻ϷН፦ኬࠔϐߥӸ֡ࢂཱུεϐ ԵᡍǴӢԜҁࣴز௦ኬޑБԄҭ௦ҔΑԖձܭа۳όӕޑБԄٰ຾ՉǶ



3.2.1 ௦ኬБݤ

ҁࣴزϐ௦ኬЬाϩࣁٿঁ೽ϩǴಃ΋ঁ೽ϩࣁଯࢬໆය໔ϐਔ໔ׇӈ௦ኬǴ ЬाҞޑࢂा௦໣᏾൑ኪߘϐଯࢬໆය໔ϐݞοԦࢉނᐚࡋϐਔ໔ׇӈᡂϯǹಃ

Βঁ೽ϩࢂଯࢬໆය໔Ԧࢉނᐚࡋӧݞၰᐉᘐय़ϐϩթ௃׎ǶኪߘٰᖏԖਔࢂࡐ

ِೲޑǴӢԜࣁΑዴߥኪߘය໔܌ԖНՏᅍଏၸำޑН፦ኬࠔ֡ૈ୼ඓඝளډǴ

ӢԜҁࣴزӧѳਔ୷ࢬයջሡஒ܌Ԗϐ௦ኬᏔ׷ഢִǴќѦѸ໪ᒿਔଓᙫᆨᆧН

৤΢ෞ໣Н୔ϐջਔ਻ຝၗૻǴаዴߥӧᕇޕफ़ߘૻ৲ਔૈϷਔډၲ௦ኬӦᗺ٠ ҥջ୺Չ௦ኬǴаዴߥ᏾൑ኪߘϐଯࢬໆය໔ϐН፦ኬࠔ֡όϒᒪᅅǶ

3.2.1.1 ኪߘයݞοН፦௦ኬ

ኪߘϐଯࢬໆය໔ǴځНՏၨѳதਔයϐНՏࣁଯǴЪӢНՏ΢ᅍਔ໔Ϸ΢

ᅍೲࡋඓඝόܰǴӢԜНኬϐ௦ڗόܰа᎞߈܈ᔭНϐБԄڗளǴӢԜҁࣴز௦ ኬᒧ֟᏷ۓӧԖᐉၠᐏఉޑӦᗺǴаᇻᚆݞၰϐᐏ΢բ཰БԄࣁЬǴҁࣴزа΋

Ѡ 3.5 Ꮢޑ೤ًǴ٠уаׯးଛ࿼΋ᝌӖ೛ഢǴӵკ 3-2ǴаߡᝌӖၩख़ၲऊ 300 ዳЪ಄ӝ USGS ೕ਱ϐႉങǴ௦ኬ֡җᐏ΢ᝌࠟԿݞο຾ՉǴ٠ᙖҗ೤ًϐख़ໆ ϷᐒఓӖᖉϐբ཰Ǵёаቚуբ཰ϐᛙۓ܄ǴӢଯࢬໆය໔ݞοϐࢬೲ֡Кѳத ଯр೚ӭǴऩҗΓΚᏹբ௦ኬ೛ഢ৮Ӣբ཰ය໔ၸߏ೷ԋΓ঩ϐᡏΚคݤॄ಻Ǵ ӕਔёफ़եଯࢬໆය௦ኬϐόዴۓ܄ӢનǴаዴߥ௦ኬϐբ཰໩ճǶ

Н፦௦ኬϐБԄǴЬाࢂᔈҔႉങϐख़ໆǴ٠ஒڗኬНᆅڰۓӧႉങ΢Ǵӵ კ 3-3ǴӵԜ΋ٰёаճҔӖً΢ϐᝌӖس಍೛ۓటܜНڗኬϐՏ࿼ϷۓᗺǴ٠ᇶ ϐаλࠠܜНᐒڗኬǴНኬёаޔௗӧᐏ΢ᕇளǴҁࣴزჴሞаӖًӖ௠λࠠܜ НᐒϷճҔНᆅڰۓܭႉങۓᗺڗኬϐᏹբ௃׎Ǵӵკ 3-4Ƕ

კ 3-2 ଯࢬໆਔය௦ኬ٬Ҕϐ೤ًᆶᝌӖ೛ഢ



კ 3-3 Н፦௦ኬ߻೛ഢϐෳ၂Ϸྗഢ௃׎



კ 3-4 ਬऍረ॥ය໔౜൑Н፦௦ኬ

3.2.1.2 ݞοਔ໔ׇӈ௦ኬ

ҁࣴزЬा๱ख़ӧଯࢬໆਔයǴӧᆵ᡼ߘۑٰᖏϷረ॥ߟ᠍วғਔ໔ϐᡂϯ

܄࣬྽εǴ٠ค΋ۓϐೕࡓ܄ǴฅԶዴࢂНၗྍϐЬाٰྍǴҁࣴزЬाջӧ௦

໣ଯࢬໆਔයϐН፦ၗ਑аᔆံ΋૓໻ӧѳதਔය௦ኬ܌อલϐၗૻǴҁࣴزന Ьाޑόӕ൩ӧܭଯࢬໆය໔ϐ௦ኬǴځН፦ϐၗ਑ҭࢂҞ߻ޑ࣬ᜢࣴز္നલ Юޑ΋೽ҽǴӢࣁଯࢬໆਔයࢬໆϐᡂϯ࣬྽ޑቃਗ਼ǴځНໆϷН፦ӧ؂ϩដϷ

؂λਔ໔ϐᡂϯໆ֡࣬྽εǴՠ࠽ܭ௦ኬϝคݤаೱុ܄Ӧٰ຾ՉǴځѸሡ઻຤

࣬྽εޑԋҁǴЪჴሞӧኪߘය௦ኬਔǴӢݞοϐࢬೲ࣬྽זǴჹܭ௦ኬ೛ഢϷ բ཰Γ঩֡Ԗ࣬྽εޑ॥ᓀǴӢԜҁࣴز܌୺Չޑ௦ኬ୷ܭа΢ϐԵໆǴ௦ҔΑ ٿᅿόӕޑਔ໔໔ຯǴϩձ௦ҔΑ 15 ϩដϷ 1 λਔޑਔ໔໔ຯٰ຾Չ௦ኬǴЬा

ࢂ߯Եໆኪߘයϐਔ໔ၨอǴ೯தᐕਔനߏΨόຬၸ΋ВǴӢԜѸ໪ᕭอ௦ኬਔ ໔໔ຯǴБૈԖਏඓඝኪߘයϐН፦ᡂϯ௃׎Ǵനࡕ،ۓ௦Ҕ 15 ϩដϐਔ໔໔ຯ

ٰ຾Չ௦ኬǹՠࢂӧረ॥ය໔Ǵځᐕਔനอёૈ΋ВǴനߏΨёૈډၲΟǵѤВ

ࣗԿ׳ߏǴӢԜԵໆΓΚᡏૈϷ௦ኬӼӄ܌ૈॄᏼϐज़ڋచҹǴനࡕ௦ 1 λਔϐ ਔ໔໔ຯٰ຾Չ௦ኬǶ

Ԝ೽ϩ௦ኬЬा௦໣᏾൑ኪߘϐଯࢬໆය໔ݞοԦࢉނᐚࡋϐਔ໔ׇӈᡂϯ

௃׎ǴӢԜࢂаۓᗺǵۓਔ໔໔ຯϐБԄٰ௦ኬǶҁࣴزջӧങ຺ങᾴྛҁࢬϐε

݅ᐏаۓᗺЪۓਔ໔໔ຯϐБԄӧݞοϐύᗺ௦໣Н፦ኬࠔǴځ௦ኬਔ໔ࣁ᏾൑

ኪߘଯࢬໆයݞοНՏϐᅍଏၸำǴ؂ಔ௦ኬֹԋਔջҥջӧ౜൑٩Н፦ኬࠔϐ ߥӸБݤϒаߥӸǶ

3.2.1.3 ݞοᐉᘐय़௦ኬ

а۳ӧ຾ՉࢬೲޑໆෳਔǴऩஒݞၰࠟޔ୔ϩࣁऩυঁηᘐय़ਔǴӧӚηᘐ य़໔،ۓݞၰࠟጕѳ֡ࢬೲϐБݤԖ(1)΋ᗺݤǹ(2)Βᗺݤǹ(3)Οᗺݤǹࢬೲय़ᑈ ݤ฻൳ᅿதـϐБݤǶ२Ӄҗ΢ॊ฻ӚБݤ؃ளηᘐय़ޑѳ֡ࢬೲǴӆаѳ֡ࢬ ೲၗ਑४аݞၰηᘐय़य़ᑈǴջё؃ளӚηᘐय़ϐࢬໆǹځݞၰϐࢬໆջࣁځη ᘐय़ࢬໆޑᕴکǶ

ҁࣴزࣁᕕှᕗᐚࡋܭଯࢬໆයӧӄݞၰᘐय़ϐϩթ௃׎ǴӢԜୖ௦ࢬໆϐ ໆෳБԄǴӧݞၰϐᐉӛຯᚆ௦؂ 5 ϦЁϐ໔႖୔ϩ΋ηᘐय़ǴԶஒݞၰ୔ϩࣁ ऩυঁηᘐय़Ǵ٠ӧ؂ঁηᘐय़ύᗺޑࠟጕ΢Ǵ٩НుϐుభόӕǴа฻໔ຯӭ ᗺໆෳϐБԄǴϩձаܜН೛ഢӧӚࠟጕ΢ܜڗ΋ᗺډϖᗺό฻ϐНኬǴځБԄ

฻ӕܭࢬೲϐෳۓБԄǴ୤΋όӕӧܭߚໆෳࢬೲԶࢂܜڗНኬ຾Չϩ݋ǴаԜ

࣬ၨܭа۳׳ࣁஏ໣ϐ௦ኬБԄǴаჴሞᕕှྋှᄊᕗǵᗭಈᄊᕗϷᕴᕗᐚࡋӧ ݞοࠟጕӚᕵᘐय़ϐϩթ௃׎ǴќѦ׳຾΋؁ёаᕕှܭଯࢬໆය໔ӧݞၰӄᘐ य़ϐϩթ௃׎Ǵӵკ 3-5Ƕ

ќѦࣁΑӧෳளݞၰӄᘐय़ԦࢉނᐚࡋϐӕਔǴҭёаҗ܌ෳளϐၗ਑௢ᆉ ளӄݞၰᘐय़ϐྋှᄊᕗǵᗭಈᄊᕗϷᕴᕗϐᕴᕗ಻ໆǴӢԜҁࣴز௦ύᘐय़ݤ (Mid-section method)௢ᆉॄ಻ໆǶ෤ၰᘐय़җኧঁηᘐय़܌ಔԋǴӢԜሡ௢՗Ӛη ᘐय़ϐԦࢉނѳ֡ᐚࡋ

C

nϷηᘐय़ᘐय़ᑈa_nа௢؃Ӛηᘐय़ϐॄ಻ໆl_nǴӵ(3-1) Ԅ܌ҢǺ

n n n n n

n

C u a C q

l ˜ ˜ ˜

^(3-1)

ځύǺ

l

n=ηᘐय़ॄ಻ໆ(g/s)ǹ

C

n=ѳ֡ᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ

u

n=ѳ֡ࢬೲ(m/s)ǹ

a

n_{=ηᘐय़ᑈ(m}²_)ǹ

q

n_{=ηᘐय़ࢬໆ(m}³_/s)Ƕ

ќѦǴݞοӄᘐय़ϐᕴॄ಻ໆ L ջࣁӚηᘐय़ॄ಻ໆl_nϐᕴکǴӵ(3-2)Ԅ܌ҢǶ

¦

¦

_nⁿ₁

^l

ⁿ _nⁿ₁

^C

ⁿ

^{˜ q}

ⁿ

L

(3-2)

ځύǺ

L

=ӄᘐय़ᕴॄ಻ໆ(g/s)ǹ

l

n=ηᘐय़ॄ಻ໆ(g/s)ǹ

C

n=ηᘐय़ѳ֡ᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ

q

n=ηᘐय़ࢬໆ(m³/s) Ƕ



d4

炽炽炽炽炽

b₁ b₂ b3 b4 b_n3 b_n2 b_n1 bn

d2

d1 d3 dn3 dn2 dn1 dn

௦ኬᗺ!

     5

m  

5

m  

5

m  

5

m



炽炽炽炽炽      5

m  

5

m  

5

m  

5

m



bi烉⎬⫸㕟朊ᷳ⮔⹎^(m)

di烉⎬⫸㕟朊ᷳ㯜㶙(m)

კ 3-5 аύᘐय़ݤ௦ڗНኬҢཀკ

3.2.2 НኬߥӸБݤ

Нኬ཮ӢϯᏢ܈ғނ܄፦Զᒿ๱ਔ໔Ԗ܌ԖᡂϯǴࡺ௦ኬᆶᔠᡍ໔႖ޑਔ໔ όەϼߏǴӵ໔႖ਔ໔ၨอǴ܌ளϐ่݀ᆶჴሞ௃ݩৡ౦ၨλǶՠӢኪߘ௦ኬ࿶

தሡा΋ࢤਔ໔຾ՉޑၸำǴӧН፦௦ኬޑၸำύϷၮଌډϩ݋ϐ߻߾ሡа፾྽

БݤߥӸНኬۯ጗ځౢғᡂϯǴ΋૓ߥӸБݤԖ pH ௓ڋǵհᙒ܈బу၂Ꮚ฻Ƕҁ

ࣴز߾ࢂ٬Ҕ pH ௓ڋکհᙒΒ໨ߥӸБݤǴځߥӸБݤࢂਥᏵᕉნߥៈ࿿Ϧ֋

ȨН፦ᔠෳБݤᕴ߾ȩ(NIEA W102.51C)຾ՉኬࠔߥӸǶ

ҁࣴزஒ๱ख़ӧݞοНᡏН፦໨Ҟޑᝌੌڰᡏໆ(SS)ǵᕴᕗ(TP)Ϸᗭಈᄊᕗ (PP)Ϸྋှᄊᕗ(DP)฻໨ҞǴаբࣁࡌҥଯਏ౗ݞοԦࢉނॄ಻ໆ௢՗Бݤਔ܌ሡ ϐኧᏵၗ਑ǴԶଞჹҁࣴز܌ᔠෳϐН፦໨ҞǴӈр٬ҔޑሡНໆکߥӸБݤӵ ߄ 3-2 ܌ҢǶ





߄3-2 Н፦໨ҞߥӸБݤϷሡНໆ

ᔠᡍ໨Ҟ Нኬሡाໆ

(mL) ৒Ꮤ ߥӸБݤ ߥӸයज़

ᝌੌڰᡏ 500 לለ܄ϐ࣒

ዟ܈༟ጤ౟ སೀǴ4ɗհᙒ 7Ϻ

ᕴᕗ 100 а 1 + 1 ዗ᡶለ

ࢱృϐ࣒ዟ౟

у౷ለ٬Нኬ pH < 2 ǴསೀǴ4 ɗ հᙒ

7 ϺȐऩࣁᔠෳ҅

ᕗለᡶǴ߾ค໪బ у౷ለǴЪ໪ܭ 48

λਔϣ຾Չᔠෳȑ

ᕗለᡶ 100 а 1 + 1 ฮለ

ࢱృϐ࣒ዟ౟

Ҕᐚ౷ለஒኬࠔለϯ Կ pH ॶࣁ 1.5 Կ 2.0Ǵ٠ܭ 4 ɗΠຟӸ

48λਔ

ၗ਑ٰྍ: Չࡹଣᕉნߥៈ࿿ᕉნᔠᡍ܌(ᆛ֟Ǻhttp://www.niea.gov.tw/)





3.3 Н፦ኬࠔϐϩ݋

ҁࣴزϐ௦ኬЬाࢂϩ݋ᝌੌڰᡏ(SS)ǵᕴᕗ(TP)ǵᗭಈᄊᕗ(PP)Ϸྋှᄊᕗ (DP)Ǵ܌Ԗޑኬࠔஒ೏୔ϩࣁΟঁ೽ϩǴಃ΋೽ϩࢂࡽԖϐኬࠔǴಃΒϷಃΟ೽

ϩ߾٩ࢂցёа೯ၸ 0.45-m ᆛҞϐᘠጢٰ୔ϩǴё೯ၸޣࣁಃΒ೽ϩǴځᎩࣁಃ

Ο೽ϩǶᝌੌڰᡏϷᕴᕗϐϩ݋ࢂճҔಃ΋೽ϩࡽԖ௦ளϐኬҁٰᔠෳᕇளǴԶ ྋှᄊᕗ߾ࢂҗಃΒ೽ϩޑኬࠔٰᔠෳளǴಃΟ೽ҽ߾ឦόё೯ၸ 0.45-m ᘠጢǴ ځឦܭᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋ(Cp)೽ϩǴ߾ёа෧ϯҔಃ΋೽ϩ؃ளϐᕴᕗᐚࡋ(CT)෧ѐྋ

ှᄊᕗϐᐚࡋ(Cd)ٰ؃ளǶН፦ᔠᡍБय़߾٩ྣՉࡹଣᕉნߥៈ࿿നཥႧթޑН፦

኱ྗᔠෳБݤǴ຾ՉН፦໨Ҟϩ݋کᔠᡍǴӵ߄ 3-3Ƕ

߄3-3 Н፦໨ҞᔠᡍБݤ

Н፦ϩ݋໨Ҟ ᔠᡍБݤ

ᝌੌڰᡏ(SS) НύᕴྋှڰᡏϷᝌੌڰᡏᔠෳБݤ-103ɗɴ105ɗଳᔿ

NIEA W210.56A

ᕗ(ᕴᕗTPǵྋှᄊᕗDP ǵᗭಈᄊᕗPP)

НύᕗᔠෳБݤ-ϩӀӀࡋी/ᆢғનЧݤ NIEA W427.53B

ၗ਑ٰྍ: Չࡹଣᕉნߥៈ࿿ᕉნᔠᡍ܌(ᆛ֟Ǻhttp://www.niea.gov.tw/)

3.3.1 ᝌੌڰᡏނϐᔠෳ

ᘠጢӧჴᡍჴࡼ߻Ѹ໪ӃϒаྗഢǴஒᘠጢያय़ර΢⬏ܭၸᘠး࿼΢ǴѺ໒ ܜ਻း࿼ǴೱុӚа 20 mL ၂ᏊНؑࢱ 3 ԛǴᝩុܜ਻Կନѐ܌ԖϐНϩǴஒᘠ ጢڗΠ࿼ܭ༝ዬ΢Ǵ౽Ε੗ጃύа 103ɴ105ɗ੗ଳ 1 λਔǴӆஒϐڗр౽Εଳᔿ ᏔύհࠅǴࡑځࡡख़ࡕуаᆀख़Ǵฅࡕஒᠳ܏֡ϬϐНኬаԜςޕख़ໆϐᘠጢၸ ᘠǴӆஒᘠጢ౽Ε 103ɴ105ɗ੗ጃύଳᔿԿࡡख़Ǵځ܌ቚуϐख़ໆջࣁᝌੌڰᡏ ख़Ƕځᝌੌڰᡏϐीᆉᜢ߯ԄǴа(3-3)Ԅ߄ҢǶ

 

V 1000 D

SS C u

(3-3) ځύǺ

C =ᝌੌڰᡏϷᘠጢख़

  ^g

^ǹ

D=ᘠጢख़

  ^g

^ǹ

V =ኬࠔᡏᑈ

  ^L

^Ƕ

3.3.2 Нύᕗϐᔠෳ

НύᕴᕗϐᔠෳǴϩ݋ϐಃ΋؁ǴѸ໪ஒНኬа౷ለǵၸ౷ለᡶ੃ϯೀ౛Ǵ

٬ځύϐᕗᙯᡂࣁ҅ᕗለᡶϐ׎ԄӸӧࡕǴಃΒ؁ᡯ߾ӆуΕ✘ለሓ(ammonium molybdate)ǵଚҡለᎌႇ(antimony potassium tartrate)Ǵ٬ځᆶ҅ᕗለᡶբҔғԋ΋

ᚇӭለ-ᕗ✘ለ(phosphomolybdic acid)Ǵ࿶ᆢғનЧ(ascorbic acid)ᗋচࣁᙔՅፄӝ ނ✘ᙔ(molybdenum blue)ǴаϩӀӀࡋी(spectrophotometer)ܭݢߏ 880nm ೀෳځ

֎ӀࡋۓໆϐǶӧԜ၂ᡍǴӢࣁѝԖ҅ᕗለᡶёаౢғᙔՅϸᔈǴӢԜНኬӵ҂

࿶੃ϯೀ౛Ǵ܌ෳள໻ࣁ҅ᕗለᡶϐ֖ໆǶӵाᙖҗ֎ӀࡋۓрᕗޑᐚࡋǴѸ໪

Ӄࡌ࿼ᔠໆጕǴᔠໆጕޑࡌ࿼ࢂϩձᆒڗ 0.00ǵ5.00ǵ10.00ǵ20.00ǵ30.00 Ϸ 50.00 mLᕗ኱ྗྋన(I)(ջ C=0.5 mg/L)܈ᕗ኱ྗྋన(II)(ջ C=0.05 mg/L)܈ځд፾ӝᐚ ࡋϐᕗྋనีញԿ 50.0 mLǴ٩Нኬ࣬ӕϐ؁ᡯᏹբǴ᠐ڗ 880 nm ϐ֎Ӏࡋ (absorbance)Ǵᛤᇙᕗ֖ໆ(g)-֎ӀࡋϐᔠໆጕǴջёᙖҗᔠໆጕۓрᕗޑᐚࡋǴ ҁࣴزН፦ϩ݋ϐࢬำǴӵ⚾ 3-6Ƕ

ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋӕኬΨࢂҔ΢ॊᔠෳᕴᕗޑБԄ؃ளǴ୤΋ޑόӕࢂӧܭН፦

ኬࠔࢂցԖӃ೯ၸ 0.45-m ᘠጢၸᘠǴԖ࿶ၸᘠጢၸᘠၸޑНኬǴ܌ᔠෳளޑջࢂ

ྋှᄊᕗޑᐚࡋǴќѦᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋ߾ࢂҔᕴᕗᐚࡋ෧ѐྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋ؃ளǶӵ (3-4)Ԅ܌ҢǶ

d T

p C C

C 

ġ

^(3-4)

ځύǺ

CT =ᕴᕗᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ Cp =ᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ Cd =ྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋ(mg/L)Ƕ







კ 3-6 Нύᕗᔠෳϐϩ݋ࢬำკ





 

Water samples

Passing through 0.45 m membrane

Without passing through 0.45 m membrane

filtrate

The samples were preserved under 4ɗ and control the pH < 2 by condensed sulfuric acid to prevent the samples from reactions

Analysis the content of phosphorus by Spectrophotometer / ascorbic acid

Dissolved Phosphorus

C

_d

The samples were preserved under 4ɗ and control the pH < 2 by condensed sulfuric acid to prevent the samples from reactions

Analysis the content of phosphorus by Spectrophotometer / ascorbic acid

Total Phosphorus

C

_T

Dry the membrane by heat and weigh the samples keep by the membrane to obtain the weight of suspended solids

Particulate Phosphorus

C

_p

= C

_T

– C

_d

ಃѤക ଯࢬໆਔයݞούᕗॄ಻ໆ௢՗

ᕗࢂ܌ԖғڮόёᕇલޑϡનǴ೭ཀᒏ๱టᆅ౛ᆅНᡏᓬᎦޑ௃׎Ǵ߾Нᡏ ύ(ٯӵǺН৤܈෫ݲ)ᔼᎦނޑᕴໆѸ໪уа௓ڋǴޔډНύғނޑኧໆளډ׭ڋ ࣁЗǴӢԜНᡏ΢ෞޑݞοН፦൩ᡉளߚதޑख़ाǶҁࣴزύᕗࢂН፦ᓬᎦᆅ౛

ޑЬाᔼᎦނǴ܌аࡌҥᕗӧݞούॄ಻ໆ௢՗ޑБݤǴакϩΑှݞούᕗॄ

಻ໆޑᡂϯ௃׎ǴωԖᒤݤჹᕗޑᒡр଺຾΋؁ޑ௓ڋǶҁകӃჹܭᕗޑ୷ҁϩ ᜪϷ໺ᒡᐒڋ຾ՉϟಏǴԶࡕஒख़ᗺ๱ख़ӧܭΑှଯࢬໆය໔ᝌੌڰᡏނǵྋှ

ᄊᕗǵᗭಈᄊᕗϷᕴᕗᐚࡋϐᡂϯ௃׎Ǵ٠ЇΕ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄࡌҥྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋ ᆶݝࣳ֎ߕໆޑᜢ߯ǴࡕុऩෳளྋှᄊᕗᐚࡋϷᝌੌڰᡏނᐚࡋջёճҔԜࡌ ҥϐᜢ߯Ҕа௢՗ᗭಈᄊᕗᐚࡋǴ٠຾ԶᔈҔܭଯࢬໆයᕗॄ಻ໆޑ௢՗Ƕ

4.1 ݞοᕗޑ໺ᒡ

ᕗӧ໒ܫ܈࠾ഈНᡏύޑ໺ᒡޑၸำǴځٰྍ٩୔ୱёϩࣁѦ೽ॄ಻(external loading)Ϸϣ೽ॄ಻(internal loading)Β೽ҽǴѦ೽ॄ಻ݱࡰҗᗺྍԦࢉ(πቷϷԦН

ೀ౛ቷ฻)ϷߚᗺྍԦࢉ(βᝆؑᇑǵफ़ߘϷӦΠН฻)܌ౢғϐᕗ༊໣຾ΕНᡏس

಍ϐ೽ϩǹϣ೽ॄ಻߾ࢂᕗᅉ੮ӧНᡏϣ೽ޑ؇ᑈݝ္ࣳ຾Զ໺ᒡ຾ΕНᡏޣǶ ᕗӧНᡏύ໺ᒡൻᕉҢཀკǴӵკ 4-1 ܌ҢǶ

კ 4-1 ᕗӧНᡏύ໺ᒡൻᕉҢཀკ(Maidment et al.,1993)

ҁࣴز߾๱ख़ܭᕗӧଯࢬໆਔය໺ᒡ௃׎ޑࣴزǶ྽НՏଯᅍਔǴݞοޑࢬ ೲཱུଯǴ܌а܌ԖᒡΕޑᔼᎦނ֡ᕓೲޑϩණډ᏾ঁݞοޑᘐय़Ǵ࣬ၨܭϣ೽ॄ

಻Ѹ໪ᙖҗНᡏϣᐚࡋϐৡ౦܄Զ೴ᅌញܫǴԜଯࢬໆය໔ݞούϐᔼᎦނᐚࡋ

ِೲ΢ϲϣ೽ॄ಻߾ёаϒа۹ౣǶӢԜଯࢬໆਔයϐᕗ໺ᒡёа෧ϯԋࣁᕗޑ

֎ߕϷಥߕޑբҔǴӵკ 4-2Ƕ

კ 4-2 ଯࢬໆਔයݞοᕗޑ໺ᒡ Dissolved

Phosphorus

Particulate Phosphorus

adsorption

desorption

Inflow Outflow

ݞούε೽ϩᕗޑٰྍ೿ࢂٰԾ۟ҡϷβᝆޑ᝜ϯբҔǵၭ཰ޑࡼޥϷΓᜪ ޑࢲ୏܌ౢғǶ೭٤ᔼᎦނѳத֡೏ᅉ੮ӧ໣Н୔ϣޔډΠ΋൑ኪߘஒϐؑڇр

຾ΕݞοǶ໣Н୔ޑڵࡋϷफ़ߘமࡋࢂቹៜ๱ᕗ೏ؑᇑр໣Н୔ኧໆӭჲޑٿঁ

ख़ाӢηǴफ़ߘமࡋቹៜ๱ߘᅀፂᔐ߄βޑፂᔐૈໆǴၨଯफ़ߘமࡋޑߘᅀፂᔐ ӧ߄β཮೷ԋၨӭኧໆޑᔼᎦނவ໣Н୔ؑڇрٰǶӆޣǴ໣Н୔ޑڵࡋ٠όѝ ԖቹៜᔼᎦނ໺ᒡޑࢬΠೲࡋǴᔼᎦނவ໣Н୔౽୏ډݞοǴځࢬ࿶ޑຯᚆຫߏ ᔼᎦނಕᑈޑኧໆΨຫӭǶӄԃεऊԖ 70-90%ޑᕗӧଯࢬໆයҗ໣Н୔ᒡрǴՠ

ࢂ໣Н୔ϣЬाගٮᕗᒡрޑय़ᑈεऊѝ՞ӄ೽໣Н୔य़ᑈޑ 10%Ƕӵ݀Ԗ࣬྽

ӭޑၭ཰܈੬ށࢲ୏ӧ໣Н୔ϣբ཰Ǵ߾೭٤ࢲ୏೯த൩ࢂᕗޑЬाٰྍǶ

෌ނ࿶җ֎ԏНύޑᔼᎦނԶᕇளԶғߏޑѸाᎦҽǴӵ݀܌ԖԋҽޑᔼᎦ ނٮ๏֡ࢂى୼ЪόϒውЮޑ௃׎ΠǴ߾෌ނޑғߏஒय़ᖏคݤ௓ڋޑඳຝǶӚ ᅿԋҽޑᔼᎦނڙډ෌ނ܌֎ԏਔ೿ࢂԋ΋ۓޑКٯǴӢԜӵ݀ाճҔᔼᎦނޑ ٮ๏ٰ௓ڋ෌ނޑғԋޑ၉Ǵ߾аज़ڋКٯύനલϿޑᔼᎦނᐚࡋǴჹܭᔼᎦނ

܌ሡ௓ڋޑໆёаၲډനϿǴՠࢂځһڋ෌ނғߏޑໆࠅёаၲډനεǶӢԜࣁ Α௓ڋ෌ނޑғߏǴಃ΋؁൩ࢂाዴᇡόӕᔼᎦނё೏ᕇڗ֎ԏޑКٯǴ٠ዴۓ р൳ᅿёаനಖ௓ڋ෌ނኧໆόᘐගଯޑᔼᎦނԋҽǴځӧᓬᎦޑᆅ౛ࢂࡐख़ा

ޑ΋ᕉǶനᙁൂޑᑽໆྗ߾ջࢂӧғᄊᕉნύේ(N)ᆶᕗ(P)೏෌ނ֎ԏޑКǴځК ॶ೯தࢂ 7.2ǴӢԜѝा N/P ӧНύޑКॶλܭ 7.2Ǵ߾ᡉҢේӧԜғᄊᕉნύឦ ܭ೏෌ނ܌֎ԏޑᔼᎦނύϐ௓ڋᎦϩǴ܌аѝा࡭ុज़ڋේӧԜғᄊᕉნύޑ ໆǴջёа੝ុһڋ෌ނޑԋߏໆ(Chapra, 1997).Ƕ

ങ຺ങᾴྛࢬୱځԃᕴේ(TN)Ϸᕴᕗ(TP)ޑᒡрໆऊౣϩձࣁ 20,132 ᆶ 1,720 kg/haǴځᕴේऊࣁᕴᕗᒡрໆޑ 12 ७(TN/TPɼ12>7.2)Ǵځж߄ΑԜғᄊᕉნύ

ේࢂၸໆޑᔼᎦނǴ܌аځ෌ނӸӧޑᕴໆڙډᕴᕗᒡрໆޑӭჲ܌௓ڋǶ

4.2 ᕗޑϩᜪ

ᕴᕗ(TP)೯தࢂҗٿঁЬाԋϩ܌ಔԋǴϩձࣁྋှᄊᕗϷᗭಈᄊᕗǴྋှᄊ ᕗ ࢂ җ ൳ ᅿ ࠠ Ԅ ܌ ಔ ԋ Ǵ х ࡴ Α ҅ ᕗ ለ ᡶ (orthophosphate)( ջ ϸ ᔈ ܄ ᕗ DRP(dissolved reactive phosphorus)Ǵӵ݀Ӹӧӭᕗለᡶ(ployphosphates)߾ᙯඤࣁ҅

ᕗለᡶ)ϷፄӝྋှԖᐒᕗ(complex dissolved organic P), ځύനख़ाޑ൩ࢂёҗੌ

ෞ෌ނ܌֎ԏޑྋှϸᔈ܄ᕗǹќѦᗭಈᄊᕗ߾ࢂаβᝆᗭಈϷځѬόёၸ 0.45

mᑔϐᗭಈᄊᕗǴځҗ൳ЬाᅿЬाࠠԄಔԋǴхࡴΑҗคᐒಈᄊᕗ(inorganic PP) ϷԖᐒᗭಈᄊᕗ(organic PP)܌ಔԋǴԶԖᐒᗭಈᄊᕗΞхࡴΑූ৕(detritus)Ϸੌෞ

෌ނ(phytoplankton)ǴӚᅿࠠᄊᕗӸӧНᡏύϐϩᜪǴӵკ 4-3ǶӚᅿࠠᄊӸӧޑ ᕗӧНᡏύϐϸᔈϷൻᕉ௃׎Ǵ߾ӵკ 4-4 ܌ҢǴќѦკύаಉ໵ጕᡉҢޑൻᕉ଑

୮ǴջࣁЬाᕗғౢᆶϩှޑғڮൻᕉǶ

䷥䢟 ŕŰŵŢŭġűũŰŴűũŰųŶŴ

㹞妋䢟 ŕŰŵŢŭġťŪŴŴŰŭŷŦť

⏠旬䚠 ŕŰŵŢŭġűŢųŵŪŤŶŭŢŵŦ

㚱㨇䢟 ńŰŮűŭŦŹġťŪŴŴŰŭŷŦť ŰųŨŢůŪŤġűũŰŴűũŰųŶŴ

㬋䢟愠渥 ŅŪŴŴŰŭŷŦťġųŦŢŤŵŪŷŦ

űũŰŴűũŰųŶŴ ĩŰųŵũŰűũŰŴűũŰųŶŴĪ

䃉㨇䚠 ŊůŰųŨŢůŪŤ

㚱㨇䚠 ŐųŨŢůŪŤ

㭀⯹

ŅŦŵųŪŵŶŴ

㴖㷠㢵䈑 őũźŵŰűŭŢůŬŵŰů

⎗塓㴖㷠㢵䈑⏠㓞 ĩłŷŢŪŭŢţŭŦġŧŰų űũźŵŰűŭŢůŬŵŰůġŨųŰŸŵũĪ

კ 4-3 ᕗӧНᡏύӸӧޑ׎Ԅ(Thomann et al.,1987)



 კ 4-4 ӚᅿࠠᄊӸӧޑᕗӧНᡏύϐϸᔈϷൻᕉ௃׎(Chapra, 1997)

ҁࣴزޑനЬाҞޑ൩ࢂዴᇡӧݞούᗭಈᄊᕗϷྋှᄊᕗ܌ӸӧޑКٯᜢ

߯Ǵ٠ࣴزᕗӧଯࢬໆଯНՏਔځ໺ᒡޑՉࣁǶҁࣴز٠ଷ೛֎ߕϷಥߕၲډѳ ᑽޑ୏ᄊၸำޑ઻ਔࢂࡐِೲޑǴӧϩ݋ਔ٠ஒᕗЬा୔ϩԋᗭಈ࣬Ϸྋှ࣬Ǵ ӢԜᕴᕗ(TP)ǵᗭಈᄊᕗ(PP)Ϸྋှᄊᕗ(DP)ᐚࡋёа߄Ңӵ(4-1)ԄǴҭջ(3-4) ԄǺ

d p

T C C

C  (4-1)

٠ճҔ 4.3 ࿯܌ϟಏϐ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄٰࡌҥྋှᄊᕗᆶݝࣳК֎ߕໆϐᜢ߯Ǵ٠ᔈ Ҕܭࡕុॄ಻ໆϐ௢՗Ƕ

4.3 ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ

ᕴᕗ(TP)ࢂޑځύ΋ঁಔԋЬाԋҽ൩ࢂᗭಈᄊᕗ(PP)ǴаᗭಈࠠᄊӸӧޑᕗ

൳Я೿ࢂ֎ߕӧᝌੌڰᡏނᗭಈ΢ᕗޑໆǶ֎ߕЬाวғӧڰᡏ-నᡏ(solid-liquid) ޑҬࣚय़΢ǴԶྋనޑᐚࡋ߾ుుӦቹៜ๱ڰᡏ֎ߕᕗޑૈΚǶ֎ߕکಥߕޑำ

朆柮䰺ンᶵ⎗

⏠㓞㚱㨇䢟

Nonparticulate

unavailableorganicP

柮䰺ン㚱㨇䢟

Particulate

organicP

⎗⏠㓞䃉㨇䢟(⎗

㹞妋⍵ㅱ⿏䢟)

AvailableinorganicP

(SRP)

朆柮䰺ンᶵ⎗⏠㓞䃉㨇䢟

NonparticulateUnavailable

InorganicP

柮䰺ン䃉㨇䢟

Particulate

inorganicP

όё֎ԏ!

Unavailable

ё֎ԏ

Available

ᗭಈᄊ!

Particulate

ߚᗭಈᄊ!

Nonparticulate

Ԗᐒ

Organic

คᐒ

Inorganic

ׇ཮۶ԜόᘐӦ຾ՉޔډᗭಈᄊᕗϷྋှᄊᕗϐᐚࡋၲډᛙۓǴ೭Ψཀᒏ๱֎ߕ Ϸಥߕٿޣޑೲ౗ၲډѳᑽǴջԜਔٿޣϐೲࡋ࣬฻Ƕ೭ঁѳᑽރݩӧε೽ҽޑ ϯᏢނ፦ύǴεऊ֡ёаӧ൳ϩដډ൳ঁλਔϣֹԋǴځύᕗΨх֖ӧϣǶӧڰ ۓྕࡋǴՠόӕᐚࡋᕉნచҹΠ΋سӈ೭٤ᜪࠠޑѳᑽՉࣁ೏ᆀࣁ฻ྕ֎ߕ (sorption isotherm)Ǵ֎ߕࢂ΋ᅿวғӧٿ࣬(ڰ-਻܈ڰ-న)໔ނ፦ޑಕᑈǴԖ೚ӭ ޑ֎ߕس಍ёа೏ۓကǴځύх֖Α਻ᡏ֎ߕӧڰᡏ΢کనᡏ֎ߕӧڰᡏ΢ٿᅿ

ࠠᄊ(Clark, 2009)ǴԶ൳ᅿኧᏢኳԄς࿶೏ว৖рٰҔٰኳᔕόӕᐚࡋΠޑ֎ߕѳ ᑽՉࣁǶ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄёаҔٰ୔ϩྋှᄊᕗᆶᗭಈᄊᕗ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕ֎ߕӧނ౛

΢ޑཀကࣁӧྋှύϩηናᔐډڰᡏޑ߄य़ǴԶ٩ߕԋࣁڰᡏ΋ҽηޑ౜ຝǶ֎

ߕჴᡍ܌ԏ໣ϐኧᏵ߄Ңӧ΋੝ۓྕࡋکᓸΚΠ֎ߕᏊޑ֎ߕૈΚǹᗨฅԖόϿ ޑ֎ߕ౛ፕёҔٰ߄Ң֎ߕޑ౜ຝǴࠅؒԖ೯Ҕޑ౛ፕٰඔॊ܌Ԗޑ֎ߕբҔǴ όၸ΋૓ӧଯǵեόӕᐚࡋΠၨத೏٬ҔޑኧᏢ֎ߕኳԄԖɡ(1)Linear isothermǹ (2)Freundlich isothermǹ(3)Langmuir isothermǶ૟௶ॊӵΠǶ

1. ጕ܄฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ炷Linear isotherm炸烉

ጕ܄฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄࢂҗ Travis ک Etnier ܭ 1981 ԃගрޑǴଷ೛ൂՏख़ໆ֎ߕ Ꮚ܌֎ߕނ፦ϐख़ໆک֎ߕނ፦ޑѳᑽᐚࡋϐ໔ևጕ܄ᜢٰ߯௢՗(Reynolds, 1992)ǴӧեᐚࡋਔǴጕ܄฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄёаஒԜϩଛᡉҢޑ࣬྽όᒱǴځБำԄ ӵΠǺ

d

d C

K

v ˜ (4-2)

ځύǺ

Q ⁼

X m

=ൂՏख़ໆ֎ߕᏊ܌֎ߕނ፦ϐख़ໆ(mg/mg) X =೏֎ߕނ፦ϐᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ

m

=ᝌੌڰᡏނޑᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ C =֎ߕނ፦ޑѳᑽᐚࡋ(mg/L)ǹ d

K =ϩଛ߯ኧ(L/mg)Ƕ d

2. ܎਱ஏᅟ฻ྕ֎ߕኳԄ炷Langmuir isotherm炸烉