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影響國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願之因素探討

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影響國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願之因素探討

大陸政府於 2000 年 7 月 1 日發佈「中外合資、合作醫療機構管理暫行辦法」。此項法令公佈之後,引起了台灣醫界 極大的迴響,除了長庚醫院率先宣布赴大陸投資醫院及護理學校之外,中華民國私立醫療院所協會於 2001 年 3 月也 組成了一支大陸醫療環境考察團,前往北京、上海、及成都三地考察。台灣的私立醫療機構紛紛有意赴大陸投資,

其原因是大陸的醫療市場充滿發展潛力?還是因為台灣醫療市場的競爭過於激烈因而迫使其轉向大陸發展?本研究 欲探討影響我國私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願的各項因素,並深究這些因素是否對採用的進入模式有所影響?期望 研究結果可以提供給有意赴大陸投資的醫療機構及政府相關單位參考。

本研究為國內針對醫療機構赴大陸投資的第一份研究,為求研究的周延性,分為量性研究及質性研究兩部分。在量 性研究方面,針對 119 家的私立醫療機構進行調查,以結構性的問卷作為測量工具,分別從外部環境因素及企業內 部因素,探討國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資的各項影響因素。問卷以郵寄的方式發出,回收之有效問卷為 54 份(回 收率 45.4% ),主要分析方法是以複回歸模式來探討影響國內私立醫療機構赴大陸投資意願之各項因素,針對有意 願赴大陸投資之醫療機構,再以多變量變異數分析的統計方法來探討影響投資進入模式的各項因素。在質性研究方 面,針對國內對大陸醫療市場有深入研究的專家學者,以深入訪談的方式詢問其對國內醫療機構赴大陸投資的看法 與建議,以補充量性研究之不足。

本研究量性問卷的研究調查部分,在探討赴大陸投資意願之影響因素的研究結果顯示:大陸醫事人力資源的充沛程 度…等九個衡量項目,與赴大陸投資意願呈顯著正相關;大陸相關法令的變動程度…等二個衡量項目,與赴大陸投 資意願呈顯著負相關。另外,地主國市場因素、及瞭解市場程度等 2 個研究變項,與赴大陸投資意願呈顯著正相關。

最後,在探討赴大陸投資進入模式之影響因素的研究結果顯示:母國環境因素、及管理技能等 2 個研究變項與投資 進入模式達 P=0.1 的統計顯著水準。本研究深入訪談的結果顯示,多數受訪的專家學者認為大陸地區的醫療市場具 有極高的發展潛力,但由於大陸地區的社會文化觀念與台灣仍有相當大的不同,加上當地的法令制度不夠周全,有 許多地方仍是人治多於法治,因此整體而言赴大陸投資的風險仍高。

根據研究結果,本研究建議: 1. 政府應參考產業界赴大陸投資的經驗,訂定相關的管理規範,並提供必要的協助與 輔導,俾使醫療機構赴大陸投資的風險能降至最低。 2. 醫療機構領導人應針對大陸設立醫療機構的相關法令、市場 狀況、及社會文化觀念作一通盤的瞭解,避免在投資的過程中觸犯當地的法令,或是做出錯誤的投資決策而造成損 失。 3. 由深入訪談的結果顯示,有不少產業界的企業團體亦有意願赴大陸投資醫療機構,因此,建議後續研究者可 將研究對象擴大至產業界,找出有意願赴大陸投資的母群體,進一步做更深入的研究探討。

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A Study of Factors Affecting of Taiwan Nongovern mental Hospital Investing in Mainland China

This is the first study investigates the key factors and will decision behaviors in non governmental health care organizations’ investment in China. This study is based o n both questionnaire and in-depth interviews with expert and scholar. The sample w as drawn from 119 nongovernmental health care organizations of different grades:

medical centers, regional hospitals and local hospitals. In total, 54 effective copies of the questionnaire were collected. Data was obtained by conducting a questionnai re survey of nongovernmental health care organizations’ managers. Multiple regres sion and MANOVA were used to analyze the data.

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with why do those Ta

iwan nongovernmental health care organizations want to invest China and the assoc

iation between investing in China, the will of investing and investing entry mode. T

he findings were: (1) there were nine factors associated with the will of investing in

China. (2) a changeable sort of relative regulations in China and the cost of domesti

c health care staff were found negatively associated with the will of investing China

. In conclusion, some recommendations in three points were made for the governmen

t, managers of health care institutions and further researchers. Besides, this study m

ay serve as a reference for who are interested in entering China health care market.

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