大眾運輸導向的城市開發財務機制之探討---增值回饋方法之運用

大眾運輸導向的城市開發財務機制之探討--增值回饋方法

之運用

研究成果報告(精簡版)

計 畫 類 別 ： 個別型 計 畫 編 號 ： NSC 98-2410-H-004-148- 執 行 期 間 ： 98 年 08 月 01 日至 99 年 07 月 31 日 執 行 單 位 ： 國立政治大學地政學系 計 畫 主 持 人 ： 賴宗裕 計畫參與人員： 碩士班研究生-兼任助理人員：蘇偉強 博士班研究生-兼任助理人員：沈育生 處 理 方 式 ： 本計畫可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 99 年 10 月 11 日

Չࡹଣ୯ৎࣽᏢہ঩཮ံշ஑ᚒࣴزीฝ

Ɏԋ݀ൔ֋

ɍයύ຾ࡋൔ֋

ε౲ၮᒡᏤӛޑࠤѱ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋϐ௖૸..ቚॶӣ㎸БݤϐၮҔ!

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ीฝᜪձǺɎঁձࠠीฝ!!!ɍ᏾ӝࠠीฝ!

ीฝጓဦǺNSC98ɡ3521ɡIɡ115ɡ259

ɡ

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୺Չය໔Ǻ:9 ԃ 9 Д 2 ВԿ :: ԃ 8 Д 42 В!

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୺ՉᐒᄬϷس܌Ǻ୯ҥࡹݯεᏢӦࡹᏢس!

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ीฝЬ࡭ΓǺᒘےျ!

ीฝୖᆶΓ঩Ǻ᝵଻மǵ؇ػғ!

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ԋ݀ൔ֋ᜪࠠ)٩࿶຤ਡۓమൂೕۓᛦҬ*ǺɎᆒᙁൔ֋!!ɍֹ᏾ൔ֋!

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ҁीฝନᛦҬԋ݀ൔ֋ѦǴќ໪ᛦҬаΠр୯Јளൔ֋Ǻ!

ɍॅ୯Ѧрৡ܈ࣴಞЈளൔ֋!

ɍॅεഌӦ୔рৡ܈ࣴಞЈளൔ֋!

ɍрৢ୯ሞᏢೌ཮᝼Јளൔ֋!

ɍ୯ሞӝբࣴزीฝ୯Ѧࣴزൔ֋!

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ೀ౛БԄǺ

ନӈᆅीฝϷΠӈ௃׎ޣѦǴளҥջϦ໒ࢗ၌

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!!!!!!!!!!!!ɍੋϷ஑ճ܈ځдඵች଄ౢ៾Ǵɍ΋ԃɎΒԃࡕёϦ໒ࢗ၌!

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ύ!๮!҇!୯!ΐ!Μ!ΐ!ԃ!ΐ!Д!Β!Μ!Ύ!В!

ᄔा

βӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯ၮᒡޑ᏾ӝ׎༟рΒᅿ࣬౦ޑ೿ѱኳԄǴϩձࣁًؓᏤӛว ৖ࠤѱȐAODȑᆶε౲ၮᒡᏤӛว৖ࠤѱȐTODȑǴԜΒᅿࠠᄊςԋࣁ྽ϞШࣚ ӚεࠤѱޑЬा೿ѱኳԄǶவ೚ӭ࣬ᜢϐЎ᝘ࡰрǴTOD ࠤѱӚᅿਏ੻ଯܭ AOD ࠤѱǴTOD ςԋࣁШࣚӚεࠤѱ܌ଓ؃ϐҞ኱ǴѠ᡼ΨόٯѦǴ೚ӭ࣬ ᜢࣴزഌុගрǴхࡴ TOD ޑჴ୍ೕჄǵ೛ीྗ߾ǵਢٯ૸ፕᆶჴ᛾ࣴزǴ࣬ ᜢڋࡋςᅌᖿֹഢǴՠჴ୍ᏹբ΢ࠅय़ᖏε౲ၮᒡ໒วਔǴሡा׫Εᚳεޑၗ ߎǴ೷ԋ଄ࡹޑ֚ნǶᏵԜǴमǵऍӚࠤѱ໒ۈᔈҔ΋঺βӦቚॶӣ㎸Ȑvalue captureȑБݤɡิߎቚᚐᑼၗ(Tax Increment Financing, TIF)ڋࡋǴаၗշ໒ว TOD ࠤѱޑၗߎǴ೴ᅌ׎ԋ΋঺଼ӄޑ଄୍ᐒڋǶ TIF ߯΋଄୍ԾᓭπڀǴࡹ۬೽ߐճҔ TIF ੝୔ϐჄۓǴаิԏග߻ϩଛБ ԄǴԏڗ၀Ӧ୔ว৖ϐβӦ҂ٰቚॶǴ٠ஒ၀ิߎቚᚐ೽ϩբࣁᓭᗋҬ೯ࡌ೛ϐ ᏼߥǴᙖаᑼၗǶԶ൩࣬ᜢࣴزว౜ǴѠ᡼ว৖ TOD ࠤѱஒ஥ٰ೚ӭ҅य़ޑਏ ੻ǴځύٰΞа܊ӦౢቚॶࣁനЬाਏ੻ǴڀԖပჴቚॶӣ㎸଄୍Бݤޑ୷ᘵǶ ጔԜǴҁࣴزϐҞޑஒᔈҔቚॶӣ㎸ޑБݤǴ௖૸ӵՖࡌᄬѠ᡼ε౲ၮᒡᏤ ӛޑࠤѱ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋǴځࣴزϣ৒߯༼᏾୯ϣ࣬ᜢቚॶӣ㎸ϐ଄୍ᐒڋǴ٠ᆶ ୯Ѧ TIF ຾Չڋࡋ໔ޑКၨࣴزǴࡌҥа TIF ࣁቚॶӣ㎸Бݤϐ΋঺଼ӄޑ TOD ࠤѱ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋǶ

൘ǵ߻ق

࿶ᔮว৖ࢂࡹ۬όᡂޑࡹ฼Ҟ኱Ǵҭࢂ҇౲ғࢲᛙۓޑ٩᎞ǶߏයаٰǴ೸ ၸβӦ໒วٰჴ፬࿶ᔮԋߏޑᜫඳǴ٬ளӭኧΓۚՐޑ೿ѱӦ୔೴ᅌӛѦคજׇ Ӧᘉ஭Ǵ೿ѱว৖ࠠᄊӢԶ೏סԔǶቹៜ܌ϷǴхࡴᕉნၗྍεໆ೏ߟᇑǴࡹ۬ ཇٰཇคΚॄᏼᇻᚆѱ୔ޑϦӅ೛ࡼᑫࡌԋҁǴѱ҇޸Кၸѐ׳ӭޑਔ໔ߎᒲ۳ ߇ܭ൩཰ᆶՐӻϐ໔Ǵ২ቚޑҬ೯ਓԛό໻уख़ѱ୔ၰၡޑॄᏼǴ׳೷ԋޜ਻Ԧ ࢉǴቹៜғࢲᕉნࠔ፦Ǵҭуख़ӦБ଄ࡹॄᏼǶ߈ԃٰǴ୯Ѧ࣬ᜢࣴز໒ۈख़ຎ ε౲ၮᒡᏤӛว৖ȐTransit-Oriented Development, аΠᙁᆀTODȑޑ೿ѱว৖ࠠ ᄊǴჹϦӅ೛ࡼଛ࿼ǵҬ೯ၮᒡਏ౗ǵӦБ଄ࡹǵβӦᕉნၗྍޑ҅य़ቹៜǴ٠ ჹ೿ѱว৖฼ౣගрڀᡏࡌ᝼Ƕ ϸᢀ୯ϣǴѠ᡼Ӧ୔Ӧ੟Γ࿨Ǵ࿶ᔮጲࠁว৖Ǵޗ཮࿶ᔮࢲ୏ᓎᕷǴΓαό ᘐӦ෢ӛ೿ѱ໣ύǴλًؓ࡭Ԗ౗Ψε൯ቚуǴฅԶၰၡय़ᑈڙज़ܭ೿ѱीฝᆶ Ԗज़ޑβӦၗྍǴคݤ࣬ჹϷਔቚуǴᏤठচԖޑ೿ѱ୷ዬ೛ࡼόኦ٬ҔǴځ܌ य़ᖏޑࢂҬ೯ࡌ೛຾ࡋ࣬ჹပࡕǴε౲ၮᒡس಍ᔼၮਏ౗όᑪ౛གྷǴЪ҂ૈᆶβ ӦճҔԖਏ่ӝǴ٬ள೿ѱҬ೯׳уધ໶ǵၗྍᔲҔЪ২ቚᕉნϷޗ཮ԋҁǶࣁ ٬Ԗज़ၗྍوӛ҉ុว৖ޑҞ኱ǴӃ຾୯ৎӭ׫Εၗҁࡌᄬε౲ၮᒡس಍Ǵ΋Б य़෧ϿدΓၮڀ٬ҔჹβӦၗྍᆶᕉნϐፂᔐǹќ΋Бय़ǴႴᓰගϲε౲ၮᒡ٬ Ҕ౗Ǵౢғ൑ઠᆫ໣࿶ᔮਏ݀ǴߦԋӦ୔୘཰ࢲ୏ϐว৖Ǵቚу൩཰ᐒ཮Ƕோࡹ ۬ϐ଄୍׫ၗǴߦԋӦБ࿶ᔮࢲ๎Ǵࠅсᡉࡹ۬ᆶ҇໔ε౲ၮᒡس಍ࡌᄬϐҁ੻ КϩଛୢᚒǴЀځࢂѠ᡼Ьाᑜѱࡌᄬϐε౲ၮᒡس಍ӭ٩ᒘύѧࡹ۬ϐံշǴ ԶᑫࡌࡕϐᔼၮԏΕᆶӦБิԏࠅӭҗӦБࡹ۬ڙ੻Ǵаठ΋Бय़Ӹӧύѧວ ൂǵӦБڙඁޑ௃׎Ǵќ΋Бय़ߦ٬ӦБᑈཱུӛύѧݾڗႣᆉᑫࡌ௘ၮǴࠅӧલ Ю፾྽ޑԋҁਏ੻ϩ݋ϷԖਏၮໆޑຑ՗ΠǴ৒ܰ೷ԋӵଯ໢௘ၮ૓ޑᔼၮό٫ ᆶ଄୍ӒᐒǴ೭ᅿ଄ࡹѨᑽϐୢᚒॶள຾΋؁ϩ݋௖૸Ƕ Ѡ᡼೿ѱࣁՖाჴࡼTODǻTOD ပჴڀԖব٤ਏ੻Ǵᒘےျǵ׵ৎሾ Ȑ2008ȑᆕӝᘜયрTOD ਏ੻ޑቫભᜢ߯ǵ࣬ϕቹៜᜢ߯ᆶਔ໔୏ᄊᜢ߯Ǵࡌ ҥрѠ᡼TOD ೿ѱኳԄਏ੻ᡏسǴӅी11 ঁηਏ੻ǵ3 ঁቫԛȐᕴਏ੻ǵਏ੻ ဂಔǵηਏ੻ȑǵ35 ঁቹៜᜢ߯аϷ5 ᜪਔ໔୏ᄊᜢ߯ǶҗԜёޕǴӧѠ᡼ပ ჴTOD ཷۺǴёаᕇளፏӭ҅य़ϐਏ੻Ƕ၀ीฝӆၮҔ஑ৎᏢޣୢڔᆶANP Б ݤϐϩ݋Ǵว౜ว৖TOD നεޑፐᚒǴӧܭલЮၗߎᷤݙε౲ၮᒡޑࡌ೛ᆶβ Ӧޑ໒วǴฅԶǴပჴTOD ёа஥ٰനεޑ߻2 ঁηਏ੻ࠅࢂ࿶ᔮਏ੻Ǻߦ຾ ౢ཰ว৖Ȑ17.93%ȑᆶගଯ܊ӦሽॶȐ14.49%ȑǴவ΢ॊϐࣴزளޕǴӵՖၮ ҔTOD ܌஥ٰޑ࿶ᔮਏ੻ٰၗշTOD ޑӆว৖ǴԋࣁѠ᡼ࠤѱว৖TOD ޑख़

ाፐᚒǴΞځύቚॶӣ㎸Ȑvalue captureȑޑཷۺࢂ྽߻ШࣚӚ୯҅ӧ௖૸ޑЬ ा᝼ᚒǴӵSmith ᆶGihringȐ2006ȑࣴزࡰрቚॶӣ㎸ёа஥ٰTOD ว৖ޑᙯ ᐒǴԖշܭࠤѱ଄୍ᐒڋޑ҉ុว৖ǶԶቚॶӣ㎸ၮҔܭ໒วε౲ၮᒡس಍ᆶ TOD ࠤѱޑҞޑǴ߯ӧܭᙶమࡹ۬ൂՏǵ໒วޣǵڙ੻ޣޑ៾ճϷက୍ᜢ߯Ǵ ٠ගঀ٦ڙډε౲ၮᒡ໒ว܌஥ٰޑό୏ౢቚॶޑڙ੻ޣǴᔈஒځ೽ϩӣ㎸ܭޗ ཮ε౲Ǵࡹ۬ஒԜӣ㎸ӆҔܭ໒วε౲ၮᒡس಍Ǵ٣ჴ΢Ǵቚॶӣ㎸ύڙ੻ޣб ຤ᆶך୯Ȩπำڙ੻຤ȩᜪ՟ǴΨܴЎၩܭβӦݤಃ147 చᆶ೿ѱीฝݤಃ77 చ ޑϣ৒ύǴΞቚॶӣ㎸ޑќ΋ঁཷۺ܌ගϷǴᔈܭ΋ۓයज़ϣǴ܊Ӧౢᗨ҂࿶౽ ᙯǴҭёаፐቻځቚॶޑ೽ϩǴԜ΋ཷۺᆶך୯βӦݤಃ176 చಃ1 ໨ᜪ՟ǴջǺ ȨβӦቚॶิྣβӦሽॶϐჴኧᚐीᆉǴ…Ǵ܈ᗨค౽ᙯԶۛᅈΜԃǴቻԏϐǶȩ ൩ך୯ޑβӦ໒วᆶ೿ѱว৖࣬ᜢݤзڋࡋԶقǴቚॶӣ㎸ޑჴࡼࢂԖځ࣬ᜢϐ ݤࡓೕۓǴՠ౜ϞࠅલЮ΋঺ёᏹբԶ࠼ᢀޑᐒڋǶ җܭቚॶӣ㎸ᐒڋёкျTOD ଄ྍǴ٠Ԗշܭᓭᗋε౲ၮᒡϐᑫࡌԋҁǴ ԖճܭࠤѱβӦ໒วϷ࿶ᔮว৖ǶฅԶǴ୯ϣҞ߻࣬ᜢᐒڋࠅ҂วචᔈԖਏ੻Ǵ ࡺୖԵ୯Ѧቚॶӣ㎸࣬ᜢёՉᐒڋǴว౜ิߎቚᚐᑼၗ(Tax Increment Financing, аΠᙁᆀTIF )ڋࡋǴςܭमǵऍ฻୯ՉϐԖԃЪڀ࣬྽ϐԋਏǶTIF ߯ӦБࡹ۬ தҔϐ଄୍Ծᓭπڀϐ΋ǴҔаှ،ӦБ଄ࡹ֚ნ (National Association of Realtors, 2002)ǶTIF ߯ࡹ۬೽ߐ೸ၸTIF ीฝӦ୔ϐჄۓǴԏڗ҂ٰሽॶ(value capture)Ǵஒ҂ٰϦӅࡌ೛ᆶғࢲᕉნϐ׫ၗׯ๓Ǵ܌஥ٰ҂ٰิ୷ቚуϷิߎ ቚᚐϐ่݀ǴբࣁᓭᗋӚ໨ࡌ೛ǵ೛ഢ࿶຤ϐᏼߥǴᙖаᑼၗǶӢԶTIF ࣁ΋ё ᏹբၮҔϐቚॶӣ㎸଄୍ᐒڋǴѠ᡼ࢂցёаୖԵၮҔǴॶள຾΋؁௖૸ǶԶ TIF ܭჴ୍ᏹբ΢ӭၮҔܭ೿ѱ׳ཥ଄୍Ծᓭ΢Ǵ٠а೿ѱ׳ཥ૰௳⫠ड़኱ྗ೵ ՉჄۓTIFीฝӦ୔Ǵ҂ٰऩाၮҔܭTOD ΢ǴᔈᔕрќѦ΋঺ຑᒧБԄǴаჄ ۓε౲ၮᒡൺผ׫ၗ୔ǶΞTIF ଄୍ᐒڋڀԖ࣬྽ϐ଄୍ཀ఼Ǵࡺᔈа଄୍ϩ݋ БԄϒаዴҥǶ ᆕ΢܌ॊǴ҂ٰ೿ѱว৖ஒаԋߏᆅ౛ࣁᖿ༈ǴܭҬ೯ၮᒡᆶβӦ໒ว΢ර ӛTOD ว৖ǴаҬ೯ၮᒡϐਏ੻ߦ຾βӦ໒วࢲ๎Ǵ٠຾ԶЇᏤβӦ໒วǴ٬ ೿ѱᆙஏว৖ǴЪၗྍଛ࿼ന፾ϯǶӢԶβӦ໒วᆶҬ೯ၮᒡᜢ߯ஒ׳уஏϪǴ ࡺ҂ٰ೿ѱᔈаӭϡϯޑय़ӛ຾ՉೕჄǶՠҞ߻ܭ଄୍΢ࠅϝ҂ஒٿޣ่ӝǴᏤ ठε౲ၮᒡࡌ೛଄୍Ծᓭ౗ୃե௃׎ǴԶӢε౲ၮᒡ܌ՔᒿϐβӦቚॶਏ੻Ǵࠅ ࢂҗڬᜐβӦ܌Ԗ៾ΓڗளǴ׎ԋճ੻ϩଛόϦѳ௃ݩǶԖ᠘ܭԜǴҁࣴزటࡌ ҥ΋঺ቚॶӣ㎸ᐒڋǴஒTOD ܌೷ԋϐό୏ౢቚॶਏ੻೽ϩϒаӣԏǴ٠ᷤݙ ԿTOD Ӛ໨ࡌ೛ᆶβӦ໒วύǴкျTOD ଄ྍǴ٬଄୍ᘜឦܴዴǴ٠ᗉխدΓ

׫ᐒǶࡺёᘜયрҁࣴزख़ा܄ӵΠǺ 1.ӧᏢೌ΢Ǵᙶమ୯ϣၸѐჹܭTOD ౛ۺޑၮҔǴۘଶ੮ӧȨऍ୯ȩTOD ࢂ ࿤ૈޑᒱᇤᢀۺǴаϷፋډTOD ޑࣴزǴӭ๱ख़ܭ൑ઠڬᜐβӦ٬Ҕޑ೛ी ᆶೕჄǴЁࡋၸܭ੟႕ԶคݤวචTOD চۈ఼ကޑज़ڋǶጔԜǴ၂კࣴᔕр ΋঺፾ҔܭѠ᡼ޑTOD ࡹ฼Ҟ኱ᆶڋࡋǴ٠ගٮຑ՗ᆶᅱ௓ځਏ੻Ǵ٠а҉ ុޑ଄୍ၗߎϐཷۺǴࣴ૸TOD ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋᔈҔܭѠ᡼ϐёૈБݤǴаံ Ҟ߻Ў᝘ϐόىǴ٠ёٮࡹ۬ࡹ฼ڋुᆶ଄୍ᏹբϐୖԵǹ 2.ӧࡹ฼΢Ǵ೿ѱว৖ᔈঋ៝ԾฅᕉნǵҬ೯ǵϦӅ೛ࡼᆶӦБ଄ࡹǴωૈᗉ խ೿ѱԋߏޑ႐ᚐжሽǴ຾Զၲԋ೿ѱว৖Ҟ኱ǶԶAOD ࡹ฼҂ૈԖਏޑᆅ ౛೿ѱว৖Ǵ෧եჹܭӦБ଄ࡹǵҬ೯ǵᕉნϐፂᔐǴ೷ԋ౜Ϟ೿ѱว৖֚ ნǴቹៜ೿ѱೕჄԋਏᆶࡹ฼ϐӝ౛܄ǶӢԜǴҁࣴزΏ೸ၸ౛ፕǵࣽᏢБ ݤϷჴ᛾ࣴزǴගрѠ᡼ࠤѱޑTOD ೕჄ౛ۺᆶࡹ฼Ǵ٠а଄୍ԾᓭБԄம ϯჴ୍ёՉ܄Ǵаံம೿ѱว৖฼ౣǴ٠ёගٮࡹ۬࣬ᜢൂՏᔕۓβӦճҔ ࡹ฼Ϸ೿ѱว৖฼ౣϐୖԵǶ 3.ӧჴ୍ᏹբ΢ǴаTIFբࣁTODࡌ೛଄୍ԏЍѳᑽᐒڋǴගٮࡹ฼ڋुޣᆶೕ Ⴤޣӧ೛ीׯ຾ၮᒡᆶ೿ѱว৖ࡹ฼ϐୖԵǶ 4.ӧ҉ុว৖᝼ᚒ΢ǴTOD ౛ۺΏ่ӝԾฅᕉნǵε౲ၮᒡǵӦБ଄ࡹǵޗ཮ Ϧѳǵ࿶ᔮਏ౗฻य़ӛǴ܌ࡌᄬޑβӦ٬ҔೕჄϷ೿ѱว৖฼ౣǴё෧Ͽ೿ ѱᜐጔԾฅၗྍ઻ཞǴ෧Ͽ೿ѱϣޑҬ೯ࢬໆǴᗉխӦБ଄ࡹᓸΚǹ׳ख़ा ޑࢂǴTOD ౛ۺӧШࣚӚ୯ჴࡼԋ݀තฅǴԜςࢂڀᡏёՉϐ฼ౣǴҁࣴز ёᙖԜว৖፾ӝѠ᡼ϐTOD ౛ۺᆶҞ኱Ǵ٠ࡌҥԖਏ౗ޑೕჄБݤǴԶၲډ ҉ុว৖ϐҞ኱Ƕ

ມǵࣴزҞޑ

ҁࣴز߯Ҿკவቚॶӣ㎸ޑᢀۺǴࢎᄬрTOD ࠤѱ໒วޑ଄୍ᐒڋǴࡺҁ ࣴزҞޑӵΠǺ TOD ࡹ฼നಖԋфޑᜢᗖӧܭ଄୍ࢂցૈ୼ၗշ܈ѳᑽǴ଄୍ѳᑽҭࢂ྽ ߻୯Ѧ௖૸TOD ന዗ߐޑ᝼ᚒǶጔԜǴҁࣴزஒॷ᜔୯ѦаTIF բࣁTOD ޑ ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋϷځပჴቚॶӣ㎸ϐБݤǴ٠ᔠຎ୯ϣ౜Ԗ࣬ᜢ଄୍ᐒڋǴ຾Չ ڋࡋ໔ޑКၨࣴزǴаගٮѠ᡼TOD ࠤѱ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋϐୖԵǶ

㡌ǵЎ᝘௖૸

ਥᏵȠᏦݤȡಃ΋ԭѤΜΒచೕۓǺȨ୯҇࿶ᔮᔈа҇ғЬကࣁ୷ҁচ߾Ǵ ჴࡼѳ֡Ӧ៾Ǵ࿯ڋၗҁǴаᒉ୯ी҇ғϐ֡ىǶȩѳ֡Ӧ៾ჴࣁ୯ϣβӦڋࡋ ϐख़ाҞ኱ǶҗܭҬ೯฻ϦӅࡌ೛ஒߦ٬ӦሽቚॶǴ஥୏࿶ᔮว৖ǴԶ၀ޗ཮ว ৖ԶளϐቚॶǴਥᏵѳ֡Ӧ៾౛ፕύᅍሽᘜϦϐᆒઓǴᔈҗࡹ۬ஒ၀ޗ཮Ծฅቚ ॶԏᘜϦԖǴаၲӦճӅ٦Ǵᙖа੃ନدΓኪճϐόϦѳ౜ຝǶ ШࣚӚ୯࿶ᡍ߄ܴǴࠤѱε౲ၮᒡࡌ೛ஒ஥ٰݮጕ୔ୱϐѮᚐ໒วճ੻ǶҬ ೯ࡌ೛ߦ٬ڬᜐ܊Ӧሽ΢ᅍϐ௃׎ǴςԖ೚ӭ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ࣴز᛾ჴǴՠᆶϐ࣬ჹᔈ ޑǴࠅࢂҬ೯ࡌ೛໨Ҟϐ׫ၗБ۳۳คݤޔௗᕇڗ၀ԏ੻ǴౢғόϦѳϐᅪቾǶ ཀջ TOD ೸ၸׯ๓ݮጕϐёϷ܄ᆶߡճ܄Ǵஒ֎Їౢ཰ᆶΓαᆫ໣Ǵڈᐟڬᜐ βӦ໒วճҔǴε൯ගଯڬᜐβӦ٬ҔሽॶǴคᓭޑࣁݮጕβӦ܌Ԗ៾Γ஥ٰ႐ ᚐճዎǴ٠໔ௗቚᅍӦБࡹ۬࣬ᜢิԏǶӢԜǴε౲ၮᒡ܌Քᒿϐό୏ౢቚॶ߯ ឦޗ཮຾؁ว৖܌஥ٰϐβӦԾฅቚॶǴԶߚدΓβӦׯؼǴࡺࡪѳ֡Ӧ៾౛ፕ ϐᅍሽᘜϦᆒઓǴ౛ᔈஒቚॶ೽ϩӣ㎸Կޗ཮ε౲Ӆ٦Ƕ Ҭ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛ᆶβӦ໒วϕࣁቹៜǴՠҞ߻Ѡ᡼ TOD ܌ౢғϐβӦ໒วਏ ੻ࠅ҂ᆶϦӅ଄୍Ѝрೱ่Ƕҗܭε౲ၮᒡࡌ೛ڀԖ׫ၗԋҁᚳεЪӣԏයߏϐ ੝܄ǴԶѠ᡼Ҟ߻ε౲ၮᒡࡌ೛໻а౻ጃԏΕࣁԏΕٰྍǴӢԶᏤठԾᓭ౗ୃե ȐЦሎቺ฻Ǵ2006ȑǴЪ΋૓ӭ௦ե౻ሽࡹ฼ȐԶߚԋҁሽȑǴаठதय़ᖏᔼၮ ԏΕคݤᓭܢࡌ೛ԋҁǴࣗԿᔼၮԏΕҭคݤӣԏᔼၮԋҁޑ௃ݩǴόፕܭᑫࡌ ය܈ࢂᔼၮයࣣሡ᎞ύѧࡹ۬ϒаံຠǶࡺӵՖճҔቚॶӣ㎸БݤǴஒβӦ໒ว ృԏ੻ᷤݙ௘ၮࡌ೛Ǵ෧ᇸࡹ۬ޑံຠǴࣁ҂ٰ TOD ว৖ख़ाԵໆӢનϐ΋Ȑ໱ ҅҇฻Ǵ2009ȑǶӢԜǴࡌҥֹ๓ޑ TOD ଄୍ᐒڋǴࣁ଄୍ԏЍѳᑽϐБݤǴ Զ໻ᙖҗ౻ጃԏΕբࣁ଄୍ԾᓭԏΕ଄ྍǴ՟ЯคݤӢᔈᚳεϐ TOD ε౲ၮᒡ ҁᡏࡌ೛ᆶβӦ໒วЍр຤ҔǴЪҬ೯ࡌ೛ᎃ߈βӦ໒วਏ੻Ǵёૈ໻җ၀βӦ ܌Ԗ៾Γᐱ٦ǴஒၴϸӦճӅ٦ϐβӦճҔচ߾Ƕ ໺಍଄ࡹڋࡋஒ೚ӭόӕޑิፐԏΕ໣ύܭϦ৤ǴၮҔ಍ᝢ಍ЍБԄаճቸ ܄ೀ౛ǴฅԶࠅ೷ԋ଄ྍϩණǴᏤठᜤаЍᔈεࠠϦӅࡌ೛ᚳεၗߎǶᢀϐ୯Ѧ Ў᝘Ȑӵ Day-Marshall and Lester, 2008; CDFA and ICSC, 2007: 39-97ȑǴၮҔ TIF ᐒڋှ،ӦБ଄ࡹ֚ึୢᚒЪԋਏࣗᄆǶࡺᔕ௖૸ TIF բࣁ TOD ޑࠤѱ໒ว଄ ୍ᐒڋǴа TIF ᐒڋၮբஒӦБิԏ଺ӝ౛ϩଛǴа஑ී஑ҔБԄǴೱ่ڙ੻ᜢ ߯ǴճҔ੝ۓӦ୔ϐ҂ٰิߎቚᚐǴග߻ϩଛᷤݙԿ౜ӧϐҬ೯ࡌ೛΢Ǵջஒ҂

ٰޑԏΕԖਏޑ໣ύϩଛԿ౜Ϟ܌ሡЍр΢ǴаշܭЍᔈᚳεޑࡌ೛࿶຤Ǵ၂კ ೸ၸ଄୍ԾᓭБԄࡌҥቚॶӣ㎸ᐒڋǴԶ٬ TOD ว৖ڀԖкျϐࡌ೛଄ྍǶ аΠӃ௖૸ TOD ϐਏ੻Ǵ٠ᇥܴό୏ౢቚॶࣁځЬाёຑ՗ਏ੻ǶฅԶǴ ၀ቚॶਏ੻ࠅҗڬᜐβӦ܌Ԗ៾Γᐱ٦ǴԶ҂ᑈཱུޑӣ㎸Կ TOD ໒วࡌ೛ύǴ ׎ԋࡹ۬ᆶ҇໔ҁ੻КϩଛୢᚒǶࡺ೚ӭ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ගрճҔβӦ໒วᆶҬ೯ၮᒡ ϐᖄӝ໒วǴаஒ၀ό୏ౢቚॶӣ㎸Կ೷ԋճ੻ϐ TOD ҁيǴа٬଄୍ԏЍჹ ᆀǴՠ՟Я࣬ᜢЎ᝘ϝ҂ගр΋ܴዴϐቚॶӣ㎸଄୍ᐒڋǶ ΋ǵTOD ϐਏ੻ βӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯ၮᒡޑ࣬ϕቹៜᆶ᏾ӝࡹ฼Ǵவ 1960 ԃжଆ΋ޔ೿ࢂख़ा ޑࣴز᝼ᚒǴΨჹܭ೿ѱ᏾ᡏޑว৖ౢғܴᡉޑቹៜǴӵ׎༟рጭۯว৖ޑًؓ ϯࠤѱϷᆙஏว৖ޑε౲ၮᒡᏤӛࠤѱȐCervero and Landis, 1992ǹDittmar and Ohland, 2004ǹFogelson, 1967ǹMiddleton,1967ǹManning, 1979ǹNewman and Kenworthy, 1999abǹPorter, 1997ȑǶԶ1990 ԃжǴ୯ϣǵѦࣴزୁख़ܭβӦ٬ ҔჹҬ೯ၮᒡޑ࣬ϕቹៜǴӵ௖૸βӦ٬Ҕύޑว৖ஏࡋǵࢲ୏மࡋǵషӝ٬Ҕǵ ೿ѱ೛ीǵኦӦीฝϷၡᆛ೛ी฻ӢનǴᆶਓԛวғǵਓၮՉࣁǵਓၮຯᚆǵਓ Չਔ໔ǵҬ೯ԋҁᆶၮڀኳԄ฻Ҭ೯ၮᒡቫय़ޑ࣬ϕቹៜǴӧፏӭޑ࣬ᜢࣴز ύǴ׎ԋ΋ঁӅ᛽܈ଷᇥǴջβӦ٬ҔኳԄ཮ቹៜਓၮՉࣁǴਓၮՉࣁޑᡂϯ߾ ӣ㎸ԿβӦ٬ҔޑׯᡂǴόᘐӦൻᕉᆶ࣬ϕቹៜǶ1990 ԃжǴε೽ϩޑࣴزଶ ੮ӧܭှញȨჴ᛾่݀ȩǴᘜયрβӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯ၮᒡ฻Ӣન཮Ԗ࣬ϕቹៜǴ຾ Զ׎༟೿ѱኳԄǴ٠ჹ೿ѱϣ೽ౢғӚᅿόӕቫय़ޑፂᔐ1 όӕޑ೿ѱኳԄǴჹ೿ѱϣ೽ౢғόӕ҅य़ਏ੻ᆶॄय़ፂᔐǴቹៜԿᕉნߥ ៈǵ೿ѱ଄ࡹǵ࿶ᔮว৖ǵϦӅࡌ೛ǴаԿܭ೿ѱۚ҇ޑғࢲᕉნᆶཀ᛽ࠠᄊ ȐCrane, 2000ǹDieleman et al., 2000ǹEwing and Cervero, 2001ǹKerr et al., 2007ǹ Kim et al., 2007ǹKnaap et al., 2005ǹKushner, 2004ǹLitman, 2006ǹMoudon et al., 2005ǹNewman and Kenworthy, 2000ǹSafirova et al., 2007ȑǶӢԜǴፏӭࣴزவ 2000 ԃжǴ໒ۈ຾΋؁௖૸βӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯ၮᒡ᏾ӝǴჹ೿ѱኳԄޑғԋᆶځ

Ƕ

1

1990 ԃжޑ୯ѦࣴزǴӵAnderson et al. (1996), Atash (1993, 1995), Berechman and Small (1988), Berman(1996), Cervero and Seskin(1995),Crane (1996, 1998a, 1998b), Davis and Seskin (1997), Ewing (1997), Ewing et al. (1998), Gibbs (1997), Handy (1996, 1997), Johnston and Ceerla (1995), Southworth (1997), Southworth and Ben-Joseph (1997) ,ᆶWachs et al. (1993)฻Ƕ୯ϣࣴزӵЦ߷ ත(1993)ǵЦमੀ(1997)ǵЦ୯׷(1995)ǵЦᅽቼ(1996)ǵҬ೯೽ଯ៓ֽ(1997)ǵҬ೯೽ၮᒡ܌ (1994)ǵԢྷ౺(1991)ǵէऍ३(1997)ǵ஭ذ௵(1992)ǵ஭ࡿ޼(1993)ǵ໱҅҇฻(1995)ǵ໳Ј܃ (1994)Ϸယᝬ቞(1998)฻Ƕ

ϣ ೽ ่ ᄬ ޑ ፂ ᔐ Ǵ ᘜ ય р Β ᅿ ೿ ѱ ኳ Ԅ Ǵ ջ Ȩ ؓ ً Ꮴ ӛ ว ৖ ࠤ ѱ Ȑ automobile-oriented development, AOD ȑȩ ᆶ Ȩ ε ౲ ၮ ᒡ Ꮴ ӛ ว ৖ ࠤ ѱ Ȑtransit-oriented development, TOD ȑȩǶ

ፏӭȨჴ᛾ࣴزȩࡰр TOD аᆙஏว৖ޑβӦ٬Ҕ٠᏾ӝаε౲ၮᒡࣁЬ ޑၮڀǴஒёှ، AOD ܌஥ٰϐጭۯǵԦࢉǵӼӄᆶ࿶ᔮፐᚒǴTOD ೿ѱኳ Ԅ࣬ၨܭ AOD ೿ѱኳԄ׳Ԗਏ੻Ǵவ TOD ޑ࣬ᜢࣴزύளޕǴӚ୯Ψഌុග р࣬ᜢݤзࡹ฼ᆶჴ୍ೕჄǴҾკஒ೿ѱȨᏤӣȩ҉ុว৖ޑᜫඳ٠ᡣԋߏȨफ़ ྕȩȐgrowing coolerȑǶӢԜǴ൩βӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯ၮᒡ᏾ӝೕჄԶقǴаӵՖᆒ຾ TOD ޑೕჄচ߾ᆶࣴᔕࡹ฼БਢǴࣁ྽߻୯Ѧࣴز᝼ᚒޑЬືǴӵჴ୍ೕჄǵ ೛ीྗ߾ǵਢٯ૸ፕᆶჴ᛾ࣴز฻ϖঁय़ӛǴ߻Ѥޣ૸ፕϐፕᗺᆶ่ፕ߯хൎ๱ TOD ཷۺǴᡣೕჄᆶ೛ीྗ߾ಒጏϯǴჴ᛾ࣴزޑ೽ϩ߾ഌុගрࣁՖ TOD ё аှ، AOD Ӛঁय़ӛޑፐᚒᆶ TOD ྽߻ޑ୺ՉԋਏǴаբࣁჴ୍ೕჄޑ୷ᘵǶ җԜёـǴTOD ៳ฅςԋࣁӚ୯೿ѱว৖ոΚϐБӛǶTOD ϐϣ఼ࣁǺȨа ε౲ၮᒡس಍ϐࡌᄬǴЇᏤۚՐǵπբǵᖼނǵҶ໕฻ࢲ୏ޜ໔ܭε౲ၮᒡၡጕ ൴஥΢ԖજׇϐϩѲǴа׎༟ଯёۚ܄ǵёϷ܄ϷԖਏ౗ޑ೿ѱว৖ࠠᄊᆶβӦ ճҔኳԄϐᒏȩȐ׵ৎሾǴ2009ȑǶځҞޑӧܭफ़ե೿ѱό྽ޑӛѦᘉ஭ࠠᄊǴග ϲϣ೿ѱϐβӦ٬ҔஏࡋǴаගଯβӦ໒วϷϦӅ೛ࡼଛ࿼ϐਏ੻Ǵ٠ׯ๓Ҭ೯ ၮᒡᐒૈǶӧБݤ΢Ǵ߾ଛӝճҔፓ᏾βӦ٬Ҕᆅڋϣ৒ǴၮҔࡌᑐ೛ीǵඳᢀ ೕჄϷ೿ѱ೛ीϐБԄǴऍϯ೿ѱඳᢀǴၲډ೿ѱޜ໔ӧۚՐǵౢ཰ࢲ୏Ϸғࢲ ᐒૈගٮϐ፾ە܄ǶӵΠკ 1 ܌ҢǴTOD ߯ճҔε౲ၮᒡϐ߈ߡ܄ᇨӢǴ٠ଛ ӝࡌᑐ೛ीǵ೿ѱ೛ीϐБԄǴऍϯ೿ѱඳᢀǴၲډ೿ѱޜ໔ӧۚՐǵౢ཰ࢲ୏ Ϸғࢲᐒૈගٮϐ፾ە܄Ƕ კ 1Ǻε౲ၮᒡᏤӛว৖ϣ఼კ ၗ਑ٰྍǺLi and Lai(2009)ǹҁࣴز᏾౛

ќѦǴTOD ೛ी฼ౣёа 4Ds ٰᇥܴǴջх֖ǺȐ1ȑೕჄ୔ୱȐDistanceȑǺ аًઠࣁว৖ਡЈǴа؁ՉёϷЪന๤፾ࣁೕჄຯᚆǹȐ2ȑஏࡋமࡋȐDensityȑǺ ගଯ௘ၮًઠڬᜐβӦ٬ҔமࡋǹȐ3ȑβӦ٬ҔషӝȐDiversityȑǺߦ຾βӦ٬ ҔޑషӝǴ่ӝۚՐǵπբᆶҶ໕฻ᐒૈǹȐ4ȑ೿ѱ೛ीȐDensityȑǺཥ೿ѱЬ ကೕჄǵӭфૈޑޗ୔ᐒૈᆶΓҁࣁЬޑຉၰ೛ीǴബ೷΋ঁ๤፾ǵ໩ᄣޑΓՉ ୏ጕǶԶӧጰ੦໥ᆶᒘےျȐ2000ȑޑࣴزύǴᇡࣁঃऩ TOD ाပჴӧ೿ѱϦ Ӆࡹ฼ύǴѸ໪ڀԖӵΠѤঁჴࡼाનǺȐ1ȑᕴໆȐamountȑǺܭ௘ၮًઠߕ߈ ஒ೏Ϣ೚ගଯځ໒วஏࡋǴख़ཥೕჄёϢ೚ϐว৖ᕴໆǹȐ2ȑࠠᄊȐtypeȑǺࣁ ᅈى TOD ጄൎϣϐғࢲᐒૈǴᔈೕჄӧ΋ۓຯᚆጄൎϣϢ೚ӭኬϯϐβӦ٬Ҕ ࠠᄊǹȐ3ȑޜ໔ȐspatialȑǺࣁႴᓰঁΓۚՐ܈πբޑӦᗺӭ٬Ҕε౲ၮᒡπڀǴ ࡺᔈख़༟ޜ໔ޑфૈǴᕭอβӦ٬Ҕᆶε౲ၮᒡس಍ϐຯᚆགǹȐ4ȑᜢ߯ ȐrelationalȑǺ೸ၸ೿ѱ೛ीޑࡰᏤǴख़ཥࢎᄬβӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯س಍ϐᜢ߯Ǵό ໻٬షӝ٬Ҕϐ໒วࠠᄊڀԖ࣬৒܄ǴЪᡣβӦ٬Ҕᆶ௘ၮس಍ϐ໔բ΋фૈ܄ ޑ่ӝǶҗԜ࣮р TOD ೛ी฼ౣЬा߯ஒε౲ၮᒡᆶβӦ٬Ҕ׳уஏϪ่ӝǴ ճҔ TOD ߦ຾ڬᜐว৖Ǵ٠٬೿ѱว৖ຫ׎ᆙஏǵ҉ុǶ

TOD ϐ೿ѱว৖ኳԄڀԖਏ੻ǴCervero et al.Ȑ2004ȑࡰр TOD ៳ฅԋࣁ ߦ຾ඵችࠠԋߏޑ΋ঁख़ाπڀǴаߦ຾ϣ೿ѱޑӆว৖ᆶᘉεғࢲࠠᄊޑᒧ᏷ ܄ǴDittmar and OhlandȐ2004ȑΨࡰр TOD ࢂߦ຾୔ୱ࿶ᔮว৖ᆶ଼நԋߏޑ ख़ाӢનǶTOD ޑਏ੻زഖх֖ব٤ቫय़Ǵவ BermanȐ1996ȑǵCalifornia Development of TransportationȐаΠᙁᆀ CaltransȑȐ2002ȑǵCervero et al.Ȑ2004ȑǵ Niles and NelsonȐ1999ȑǵWells and RenneȐ2004ȑᆶ Renne et al.Ȑ2005ȑ࣬ᜢ Ў᝘ύёаว౜Ǵ٣ჴ΢ǴTOD ޑਏ੻ډۭࣁՖǻԖคܴዴϐࣚज़ǻࡐᜤуۓ ကǴΨࡐᜤᑽໆǴ߯Ӣࣁ TOD ࣁඵችࠠԋߏޑπڀϐ΋ǴTOD ౢғϐਏ੻Ԗ ёૈࢂඵችࠠԋߏ᏾ᡏБਢ܌஥ٰޑਏ݀܈у४բҔǴջ၈ӵ PorterȐ2001ȑ܌ قǴTOD ࢂඵችࠠԋߏ᝼ำޑ΋ᕉǴԖշܭඵችࠠԋߏޑϤঁҞ኱ 16 ޑၲԋǴ ပჴඵችࠠԋߏႣයਏ੻ǴඤقϐǴTOD ޑਏ੻ஒԖշܭၲԋඵችࠠԋߏޑҞ ኱ǴԶඵችࠠԋߏޑ࣬ᜢ฼ౣҭ཮ౢғᆶ TOD ࣬՟ϐਏ੻ǴӢԜǴाӵՖϩപ р TOD ޑਏ੻ࡐᜤவჴ᛾΢ᕇளܴዴޑှញǶԖ᠘ܭԜǴCervero et al.Ȑ2004ȑ ջவќ΋ঁᢀᗺٰפр TOD ޑਏ੻ϣ఼Ǵ२Ӄ೸ၸୢڔፓࢗޑБԄǴவࡹ฼ڋ ुޣޑفࡋࣴᔕୢڔǴவ࣬ᜢ೽ߐڙೖޣޑᇡޕ௖૸ TOD ཮ౢғব٤ቹៜǴ᏾ ౛рϤঁय़ӛࢂڙೖޣᇡࣁၨख़ाǴхࡴǺȐ1ȑቚуε౲ၮᒡਓԛኧǹȐ2ȑׯ๓ ᎃٚғࢲࠔ፦ǹȐ3ȑቚуՐӻӭኬϯᒧ᏷ǹȐ4ȑቚуε౲ၮᒡࡹݯЍජǹȐ5ȑ෧ ጗ጭۯǹȐ6ȑׯ๓Ҭ೯Ꮮ༞Ƕቹៜϣ৒ऩڀԖ҅य़܄Ǵջᗦ֖Α TOD ޑϣ೽ਏ

੻ǴCervero et al.Ȑ2004ȑ຾΋؁೸ၸୢڔϐᡍ᛾Ǵа፦܄БݤޑᡄᒠǴᘜયр TOD ܌ᔈڀഢϐਏ੻ǴӅϩࣁϦ੻ᆶد੻ǴаϷϤঁЬाᆶΜঁԛाਏ੻Ƕ ҁЎ຾΋؁ஒ TOD ࡹ฼ਏ੻ϣ఼༼᏾Ǵёаว౜ TOD ᗨࣁϦӅࡹ฼Ǵՠ Ѭࠅёа஥ٰϦ೽ߐᆶد೽ߐϐਏ੻Ǵځࡹ฼΢ޑਏ੻ᆶᜢ߯ӵკ 2 ܌ҢǴTOD ޑࡹ฼ਏ੻ёаϩࣁΒε೽ϩǴಃ΋ࢂϦ೽ߐޑԋਏǴନΑёаቚуε౲ၮᒡ೽ ߐޑᔼԏϐѦǴҭёаߦ຾೿཮ᆶӦ୔ޑ࿶ᔮว৖ϷᕷᄪǹಃΒࢂد೽ߐԋਏǴ ჹܭدΓനεޑଅ᝘ջࢂ TOD ቚуΑβӦሽॶᆶගٮեሽՐӻޑᐒ཮ǴฅԶǴ ೭٤ਏ੻ޑౢғӆу΢࣬ϕቹៜǴஒ཮ౢғ၈ӵ Cervero et al.Ȑ2004ȑ܌ᇥޑԛ ाਏ੻Ȑsecondary benefitsȑǴӵȨቚуε౲ၮᒡམ४ਓԛኧᆶᔼၮӣԏȩ཮ౢғ Ȩ෧ϿҬ೯Ꮮ༞ǵ෧եًमধኧȐVMTȑԋҁǴӵԦࢉǵҡϯၗྍޑ઻຤ȩǵȨ෧ Ͽጭۯǵߥៈ໒ܫޜ໔ȩǵȨ෧Ͽၰၡᘉ஭຤Ҕᆶځд೛ࡼޑ޸຤ȩޑԛਏ੻ǴΞ Ȩൺผᎃٚว৖ȩᆶȨ࿶ᔮว৖ȩޑЬाਏ੻཮ౢғȨቚуޗ཮ၗҁᆶϦӅ׫Εȩ ԛਏ੻Ƕ׎ԋڀԖ่ᄬ܄ޑ TOD ਏ੻ቫભǶ კ 2ǺTOD ਏ੻ᆶځቹៜკ ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز᏾౛Ծ Cervero et al.Ȑ2004ȑ

ပჴ TOD ޑࡹ฼ஒёаլܺ AOD ܌஥ٰޑӚ໨ॄय़ፂᔐǶTOD ёаׯ ᡂ೿ѱޜ໔่ᄬǴ٠ЇᏤ೿ѱරӛ׳ᆙஏว৖Ǵа׭ڋ೿ѱޑጭۯǹԜѦǴTOD ೿ѱаε౲ၮᒡࣁЬाϐҬ೯πڀǴҭගϲΑβӦճҔਏ౗ǵ෧ϿҬ೯Ᏹ༞ǵᕉ ნԦࢉϷ࿯࣪ޗ཮ᆶ୯ৎ଄ࡹԋҁǶа TOD ൑ઠϷځڬᜐ໒วࣁਡЈϐ଄୍ᐒ

ڋࡌҥǴёа٬ TOD ਏ੻ϐჴ፬ᕇளёૈϐᐒ཮Ǵ೭Бय़҅ࢂѠ᡼Ҟ߻ࣴزલ ЮϐೀǶTOD ౛ۺύᗨԖܴዴޑೕჄচ߾ᆶय़ӛǴฅԶځচ߾Πჴࡼޑϣ৒໻ ԖӧȨ೿ѱ೛ीȩ೽ϩၨࣁֹ᏾ǴฅԶǴ࣬ᜢЎ᝘Ψࡰр྽߻ TOD ޑ໒วڙज़ ܭȨၗߎޑ֚ึȩǴલЮ΋঺଼ӄޑ଄୍ڋࡋǴӢԶԖቚॶӣ㎸ޑཷ೏ۺ೏ගрǴ ጔԜǴҁࣴزஒவ୯Ѧڋࡋޑ௖૸ᆶीໆБݤޑၮҔǴаගрε౲ၮᒡᏤӛޑࠤ ѱ໒ว଄୍ᐒڋǶ ΒǵTOD ᆶቚॶӣ㎸ Ȑ΋ȑTOD ߦ຾ό୏ౢቚॶ җܭ TOD ౢғޑ࿶ᔮਏ੻ᜤаֹӄໆϯǴԶβӦቚॶࢂёаीᆉޑǴӢԶ ёᙖԜբࣁ՗ीቹៜ၀୔ว৖ϐࡰ኱ǶTOD നޔௗЪЬाౢғޑቹៜջёϷ܄ ȐAccessibilityȑǴߦ٬ᎃ߈βӦሽॶගϲǴЪ֎ЇځдدΓ׫ၗ໒ว຾Ε၀୔Ǵ ߦ຾၀Ӧ୔࿶ᔮว৖Ƕε౲ၮᒡس಍ᑫࡌࡕǴஒගଯݮጕ୔ୱϐёϷ܄Ǵᕷᄪڬ ൎӦ୔࿶ᔮǴ຾ԶׯᡂӦሽǶҬ೯ၮᒡჹݮጕӦሽቚॶࢂᡉ๱ޑǴӵВҁӜђࡂ ॉၰҬ೯ጕǵ๮౰Ⴅ੝୔Ӧ៓ǵ΢ੇӦ៓ǵࠄ٧Ӧ៓ǵቶԀӦ៓ϐ಍ीϩ݋᛾ܴǴ ೿ѱҬ೯ၮᒡݮጕ΋٤୔ୱޑ୘཰ҔӦǴӦሽቚॶ൯ࡋၲډ 100ʘɴ300ʘȐഋ ӀǴ2005ȑǶླྀᓉॣȐ1988ȑ߾а௘ၮч఩ጕࣁࣴزჹຝǴࣴز่݀ᡉҢ௘ၮس ಍Ї຾Ǵஒ٬ݮጕߕ߈Ӧ୔Ҭ೯੝܄ׯᡂǴӵਓՉਔ໔ᕭอǵਓՉԋҁᙯᡂǴ๤ ፾ǵߡճǵӼӄ܄ගଯǴ຾Զቹៜၮڀᒧ᏷ׯᡂǵޜࡂ౗Ϸό୏ౢሽ਱ׯᡂ฻Ƕ ໱҅҇฻Ȑ1989ȑа Logit ኳࠠǴࡌҥٮሡڄኧǴ٠Ⴃෳ௘ၮч఩ጕჹό୏ౢሽ ਱ϐቹៜǴ่݀ᡉҢч఩ጕᑫࡌֹԋࡕǴ၀ݮጕӦ୔܊Ӧሽஒቚॶ 4.01ʘǶЦዅ ௵Ȑ2008ȑࣴز่݀ᡉҢǴଯ໢௘ၮ೯ًࡕ؂ௗ߈௘ၮઠ΋Ϧ ٚǴёቚу܊ࡂᕴ ሽऊ 78-100 ࿤ǹଯ៓Ѱᔼઠӧ௘ၮ೯ً߻ჹ೸ϺϷ۫य़চࣁॄӛቹៜǴ೯ًࡕ ҅ӛቹៜܴᡉቚуǴ᛾ჴଯ໢௘ၮ೯ ًࡕǴό໻ගϲΑ௘ၮݮጕϐҬ೯ёϷ܄Ǵ ҭߦ٬ځ܊Ӧౢሽ਱΢ᅍǶ໱҅҇฻Ȑ1993ȑᇡࣁ௘ၮس಍ჹ܊ሽϐቹៜନೕჄ ࡌ೛໘ࢤѦǴӧᔼၮ໘ࢤჹӦ୔೷ԋβӦ٬ҔǵΓαख़ϩթ܈ၮᒡၡ۳ϐׯᡂ฻ ໔ௗਏ݀ҭࡐܴᡉǶਥᏵ΢ॊЎ᝘ࣴز่݀ᡉҢǴҬ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛ჹܭڬൎ܊Ӧሽ εӭࣁ҅ӛቹៜǴ٠ࢲ๎ڬᜐӦ୔ว৖Ƕ ȐΒȑ၀ό୏ౢቚॶҗدΓԏڗ Ҭ೯ࡌ೛ϐёϷ܄ஒε൯ᕭอ೯༇ਔ໔ǵफ़եҬ೯ԋҁǴӢԶߦ٬βӦቚ ॶǶՠࡹ۬ऩ҂ஒ၀ቚॶϒаӣԏǴ߾ஒԋࣁβӦ܌Ԗ៾Γ܈໒ว୘ϐຬᚐճ ዎǶယᗪ०ǵጰጩȐ2002Ǻ432ȑǹহර໚Ȑ2006Ǻ28ȑࡰрҞ߻Ҭ೯ݮጕ໒วճ ੻ϐЬाڙ੻ჹຝࣁβӦ܌Ԗ៾ΓȐ܈໒ว୘ȑǴऊ 70%ቚॶҗځԏڗǶӦሽ΢

ᅍճ੻җدΓԏڗȐـΠ߄ 1ȑǴ՟ЯၴϸᅍሽᘜϦϐβӦճҔচ߾Ǵࡺ຾Զࡘ ԵӵՖஒ೭٤βӦቚॶճ੻ӣԏϩଛᆶޗ཮ε౲ǶќѦǴᔼ཰ޣճ੻ቚуǵӦБ ࡹ۬ิԏቚу฻ࣣࣁҬ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛܌஥ٰϐޔௗ܈໔ௗճ੻ǴځҬ೯ڙ੻ჹຝᆶ ճ੻׎ԄǴӵΠკ 3 ܌ҢǶ ߄ 1ǺҬ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛ݮጕӚЬᡏԏ੻௃׎ ൂՏǺሹВϡ ጕၡ໒೯ࡕ 0-5 ԃ ጕၡ໒೯ࡕ 5-10 ԃ ጕၡ໒೯ࡕ 10-15 ԃ βӦ܌ԖΓ 1301(70%) 1465(73%) 1515(73%) ᔼ཰Γ 246(13%) 283(14%) 312(15%) ۚ҇ 296(17%) 262(13%) 259(12%) ၗ਑ٰྍǺβϔ଼љȐ1989ȑǴ೿ѱҬ೯ࡼ 侰᏾䣅喕Ք啰䥾ճ੻喘侓䬲Бݤ喕䥾 喃喵ࣴزǹЇԾယᗪ०ǵጰጩǴ2002 ೿ѱҬ೯ࡌ೛ ڙ੻ჹຝ ۚ҇ ໒ว୘ ځдӚᜪ୘ ৎǵҾ཰฻ ࡹ۬ ճҔޣճ੻ ᗦ֖ճ੻ ਔ໔࿯࣪ǵ ຤Ҕफ़եǵ Ӽӄ܄ගଯ ܊ሽ΢ϲ Ӧሽǵ܊ሽ΢ϲ ᔼ཰ᚐ΢ϲ ิԏቚу კ 3ǺҬ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛ڙ੻ჹຝᆶճ੻׎Ԅ ၗ਑ٰྍǺယᗪ०ǵጰጩǴ2002 ȐΟȑTOD ቚॶӣ㎸ϐ଄୍ᐒڋ ٩߻ॊϐϩ݋Ǵவ୯ϣѦϐჴ᛾ϩ݋Ǵёа௢ፕε౲ၮᒡᏤӛϐว৖ȐTODȑ ёаౢғ೚ӭόӕय़ӛϐਏ੻Ƕோ೭٤ਏ੻ࢂցૈჴ፬ǴᆄᒘӦБࡹ۬ࢂցԖى ୼଄ྍٰ໒៘ε౲ၮᒡس಍ǶӢԜǴ௖૸TOD ޑቚॶӣ㎸଄୍ᐒڋԖځѸा܄Ƕ ඤقϐǴε౲ၮᒡޑ໒วሡाᚳεޑၗߎǴࢂ྽߻໒วTOD ࠤѱၸำύय़ᖏന εޑ֚ნǴӢԜǴӵՖၗշTOD ໒วޑ᝼ᚒϷ฼ౣ࣬ᝩ೏ගрǴҁࣴز᏾౛࣬ ᜢЎ᝘ӵΠǺ

1.ၗշε౲ၮᒡ໒วޑཥᐒڋ-ቚॶӣ㎸ ၗշε౲ၮᒡ໒วനᙁߡޑБԄǴջࢂ೸ၸࡹ۬ጓӈႣᆉ௦ϦӅࡌ೛ޑБԄ ຾ՉǴฅԶӧ྽ϞШࣚӚεࠤѱ଄୍ᆙᕭޑ௃ݩΠǴόᘐӦጓӈႣᆉҗࡹ۬ံ շǴஒ཮٬ளࡹ۬଄ࡹЍрεࣁගଯǴߚՠ௨ᔒځдࡌ೛ޑ຤ҔǴε౲ၮᒡس಍ ޑଯᚐᑫࡌᆶቻԏԋҁǴς࿶คݤ٬ࡹ۬ᝢ௛ى୼ޑ଄ྍǶӢԜǴШࣚӚ୯టว ৖ε౲ၮᒡޑࠤѱǴ໒ۈᑈཱུ൨פཥޑ଄ྍԏΕϷ଼ӄޑᐒڋǶځύӵऍ୯தҔ ޑБԄ߾аᜪ՟Ѡ᡼ޑπำڙ੻຤Ȑspecial assessmentȑǵิߎቚᚐᑼၗȐtax increment financingȑϷᖄӝ໒วȐjoint developmentȑȐFogarty, 2008ȑǶBuchanan Ȑ1988ȑޑࣴزࡰрǴӧम୯Ϧًǵ៓ၡکၰၡ฻ၮᒡس಍໒วޑ࣬ᜢൔ֋ᘜયǴ ऩ٩ൻѱ൑ޑሡ؃ஒёаफ़եၮᒡޑϦӅԋҁϷ෧ե༞ًޑރݩǴԶӵϞӧ଄୍ ޑज़ڋΠǴѱ൑΢നεޑሡ؃൩ӧܭϦًᆶ៓ၡ୍ܺǴԶځύᕇڗᑫࡌ຤ҔޑБ ԄǴхࡴҗدΓ׫ၗ໒วǵε౲ၮᒡدԖϯǵԏڗၰၡ٬Ҕ຤ᆶޔௗፐቻε౲ၮ ᒡڬᜐβӦቚॶิǴ٠ஒځගٮ๏ε౲ၮᒡ໒ว٬ҔǶځύёޕǴޔௗፐቻε౲ ၮᒡڬᜐβӦቚॶิς࿶ڀԖȨቚॶӣ㎸ȩޑཷۺǶӧStathman ᆶDuckerȐ1987ȑ ޑࣴزύǴځӈᖐ೚ӭፐิޑБԄǴځύፐቻβӦӢε౲ၮᒡԶቚॶޑ೽ϩǴК ፐቻځдิԏٰளڀԖ҅က܄Ϸ፾Ҕ܄ǴᏵԜǴቚॶӣ㎸ޑၮҔςฅԋࣁၗշε ౲ၮᒡ໒วޑཥᐒڋǶࡕុ࣬ᜢЍ࡭ቚॶӣ㎸ࣴزǴӵPhilip ᆶAdlerȐ1995ȑ аફᐛՋԀᐊᙼᆶફऊѱࣁٯǴࡰр໒วε౲ၮᒡس಍وӛѸ໪ࡌᄬӧԾᝢ଄ ྍǴԶᖄӝ໒วᆶፐቻӦሽิࢂѸाБԄǴќѦǴҭё೸ၸ໒ว೚ёޑБԄǴа ගଯًઠڬᜐβӦޑ٬ҔமࡋǴගଯமࡋࡕǴஒ٬၀୔βӦቚॶගଯǴԶፐቻޑ Ӧሽิิ୷ΨஒගଯǶMatthewȐ2004ȑ೸ၸ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ӣ៝٠аᐞࢪࣁਢٯǴᇡ ࣁβӦऩӢε౲ၮᒡޑᑫࡌԶቚॶǴஒځቚॶϐ೽ϩፐቻբࣁ໒วࡕයε౲ၮᒡ س಍ޑၗߎǴஒёаࢲ๎ࡹ۬ޑ଄୍ڋࡋǶӢԜǴቚॶӣ㎸ޑཷۺᆶ໒วε౲ၮ ᒡޑ่ӝ׎ԋ΋ঁཥޑࡘၡǶ 2.ε౲ၮᒡ໒วޑ៾ճᆶက୍ᜢ߯ ε౲ၮᒡ໒วޑ៾ճᆶက୍ᜢ߯ޑࡌҥǴჹܭ଼ӄޑ଄୍ᐒڋԖࡐεޑշ ੻Ǵ൩҇ЬᆶၗҁЬကΠޑޗ཮Ǵε౲ၮᒡ໒ว೏ຎࣁࡹ۬ޑက୍ǴԶ҇౲ዴԖ ٦ڙ៾ճǴՠ٣ჴ΢Ǵ٦ڙډനεਏ੻ޑࢂε౲ၮᒡઠ୔ޑڬᜐۚ҇ǶӢԜǴڙ ੻ޣҭሡбрӣ㎸ޑက୍Ǵٰၗշε౲ၮᒡޑӆ໒วǴᡣ׳ӭޑۚ҇ёаڙ੻Ǵ ӵHayashiȐ1989ȑаВҁࣁٯǴவਏ੻চ߾ޑᢀᗺǴፔ٦ڙΑճ੻߾Ѹ໪ॄᏼ ໒วԋҁǴஒёߦ٬ε౲ၮᒡ҉ុว৖ǴԶ೭΋ঁཷۺޑᙶమᆶࡌҥǴஒࣁࡕុ ပჴቚॶӣ㎸ڋࡋޑ୷ᘵǶฅѠ᡼ᗨԖπำڙ੻຤ϐೕۓǴࠅ҂ـჴࡼܭε౲ၮ ᒡ൑ઠڬᜐǴӢԶౢғε౲ၮᒡ໒ว៾ճက୍ᜢ߯Ȑࡹ۬ᆶ҇໔ȑѨᑽޑ፦ᅪǶ

3.ቚॶӣ㎸ύਏ੻य़ޑჴ᛾ϩ݋

ӧቚॶӣ㎸ჴ᛾ޑቫय़ǴGihringȐ2001ȑࡌҥ΋ঁຑ՗ኳࠠǴ٠аՋ໡კ Sound ᇸॉس಍ޑၮᒡԭԴ༊ઠ୔ȐBroadway stationȑࣁٯǴ΋૓βӦሽॶᔈፐ ቻޑิԏᆶӢᑫࡌε౲ၮᒡᕇճ܌ሡፐቻޑิԏȐland value gains taxȑǴፐቻጄ ൎࣁε౲ၮᒡًઠڬᜐ0.5मধȐ800 ϦЁȑϣޑڙ੻୔ǴਥᏵ၀ࣴز௢ᆉനӭ ёаፐቻډ1ሹ1ί8ԭ࿤ऍϡޑิԏǴനϿΨԖ1ί4ԭ࿤ऍϡޑิԏǴԶԜ΋୔ ޑε౲ၮᒡᑫࡌǵβӦ໒วᆶຉၰख़᏾ሡा8 ί࿤ऍϡǶAlterkawiȐ1991ȑޑჴ ᛾ࣴزΨࡰрǴа๮౰Ⴅ੝୔ǵ٥੝ើεᆶӭউӭࣁٯǴ೭٤ࠤѱޑӦ៓ڬᜐβ Ӧሽॶ೴ԃ΢ϲǴऩፐቻ೭٤βӦޑቚॶิǴ؂ԃऊ5ԭ࿤ऍϡԏΕǴёаӢᔈ4 ԭ࿤ऍϡޑᔼၮԋҁǴᏵԜǴቚॶӣ㎸ς೏ჴ᛾ёᔈҔܭЍбε౲ၮᒡޑࡌ೛ԋ ҁǵઠ୔ख़ࡌޑԋҁᆶس಍ޑᔼၮԋҁǶ൩ჴ୍ᏹբቫय़Ǵຑ՗рቚॶϷӵՖӣ ㎸ࢂቚॶӣ㎸ᐒڋޑख़ाፐᚒǴWalther et al.Ȑ1990ȑၮҔӭྗ߾ຑ՗ݤǴၮҔ 63 ঁࡰ኱ຑ՗βӦޑቚॶǴ٠ࡌҥ΋ঁ଄୍ᐒڋǶவቚॶӣ㎸ޑჴ୍ᏹբᆶჴ ᛾ϩ݋य़ว౜Ǵቚॶӣ㎸ёЍ࡭ε౲ၮᒡ໒วԋҁǴҭࢂёՉޑ଄୍πڀǶ 4.ቚॶӣ㎸ύԋҁӣԏय़ޑჴ᛾ϩ݋ ԋҁӣԏȐcost recoveryȑޑᢀᗺΨࢂቚॶӣ㎸ၮҔޑ୷ᘵǴӵAllenȐ1987ȑ а຤ࠤ೿཮୔Lindenwold ௘ၮጕࣁٯǴᎃ߈ε౲ၮᒡޑۚ҇Ǵ؂Ϻ؂Γёа࿯ ࣪1 ऍϡޑਓၮԋҁǴஒёаගଯβӦሽॶ443ϡǴӵ݀ඤᆉ΋ঁৎ৥؂Ϻё࿯ ࣪ޑਓၮԋҁǴஒёаගଯβӦሽॶ4,581ϡǴԶ᏾చ௘ၮጕӢࣁ෧եਓၮԋҁ ܌೷ԋޑβӦቚॶࣁ2ሹ7ί9ԭ50࿤ऍϡǴߚՠёаЍб᏾చ௘ၮጕޑᑫࡌԋ ҁǴᗋԖ17.9ʘޑഭᎩǶவԋҁӣԏޑቫय़ᢀჸϐǴε౲ၮᒡᑫࡌбрᚳεޑԋ ҁǴԶ٬ளᎃ߈ۚ҇ᕇளਓၮԋҁޑफ़եǴ׳ϸᔈډβӦሽॶޑගଯǴԶගଯޑ ೽ϩёஒځፐቻǴаբࣁ໒วε౲ၮᒡޑ຤ҔǴԶځߚӢঁΓമΚၗҁϐ׫ၗ܌ ᕇளϐβӦቚॶǴаፐิБԄቻԏǴ಄ӝѳ֡Ӧ៾ᅍሽᘜϦϐ౛ۺǶ 5.ቚॶӣ㎸ܭ୯ሞਢٯޑၮҔ ቚॶӣ㎸࣬ᜢཷۺς೏ኻࢪǵчऍӚεࠤѱޑ܌ၮҔǴӵHackȐ2002ȑޑ ࣴزǴ༼᏾ኻǵऍࠤѱޑၮҔ࿶ᡍᆶჴ୍ᏹբǴ೭٤ࠤѱᆶε౲ၮᒡس಍ǴӵȐ1ȑ ኻࢪࠤѱǺम୯Newcastle ޑTyne & Wear Metro ௘ၮጕǵम୯Manchester ޑ Metrolink ᇸॉጕǵम୯উඩDockland Ligh Railway ᇸॉጕǵम୯উඩCroydon Tramlink ௘ၮጕǵݤ୯Strasbourg LRTᇸॉጕǵݤ୯Nantes ᇸॉጕǵ޹ើHelsinki ௘ၮጕǹȐ2ȑчऍࠤѱǺЃᅟӦነBaltimore Central Light rail ᇸॉጕǵݢ੝ើ Portland Metroplitan Express ௘ၮጕǵဃၡܰSt-Louis ᇸॉጕǵဃӦУঢSan Diego

Trolley ᇸॉጕǵӭউӭMetro Toronto Subway ௘ၮጕǵ޲уঢChicago LRT ᇸ ॉጕǵၲ܎ථDallas Area Rapid Transit ௘ၮጕǵ٥੝ើεAtlanta ௘ၮጕᆶ๮౰ Ⴅ੝୔Washington, DC ௘ၮጕǶ३ෝޑॉၰس಍(rail transit system)ࡹ۬ҭ҂ံ շǴځၗߎЬाٰԾًઠڬᜐ໒ว܌ౢғϐӦચ(Smith and Gihring, 2006)ǶѠ᡼ ᗨ҂ၮҔǴՠ୯ѐԖϿኧЎ᝘௖૸ӵՖၮҔܭ೿ѱ׳ཥӦ୔܈ቚуࡹ۬଄ྍϐ௖ ૸ȐՖܿݢǴ2002ȑǶҗ΢ॊϐࣴزёаளޕǴቚॶӣ㎸೏ቶݱӦၮҔӧम୯ᆶ ऍ୯ࠤѱǶGómez-Ibáñez & MeyerȐ1993ȑࡰрǴऍ୯ޑDartRAIL ᆶBoston’s World Trade CenterᇸॉȐMonorailȑࣣаӦౢ໒วံຠҬ೯ҁ཰ϐᖝཞǴӕਔा ؃Ҭ೯ၮᒡ੝ձ୔ޑ೛࿼а຾Չቚॶӣ㎸БԄǶ 6.ቚॶӣ㎸ᐒڋϐჹຝɡβӦ໒วਏ੻ ௖૸βӦ٬ҔᆶҬ೯ၮᒡ᏾ӝೕჄࡹ฼ύ଄୍ѳᑽޑ೽ϩǴ߯Ӣࡹ฼ǵჴ୍ όૈᆶ౜ჴಥॉǴԶനಖԋфޑᜢᗖӧܭ଄୍ࢂցૈ୼ၗշ܈ѳᑽǴTOD ޑပ ჴѸ໪ϩයϩ୔ǴΨѸ໪ᒿਔԖкىޑၗߎٰྍǴԶ೸ၸቚॶӣ㎸ϐ଄୍ᐒڋஒ ёᡣTOD ว৖ԖਔׇǵԖૈΚѐֹԋǶԔذఘȐ2008Ǻ9ȑᇡࣁஒҬ೯ࡌ೛ᆶݮ ጕβӦ໒ว่ӝଆٰࢂှ،೽ϩࡌ೛ၗߎǵჴ౜ϕ୏ว৖ޑ΋ᅿԖਏЋࢤǴ٠ё ܭԜ୷ᘵ΢჋၂൨פှ،೽ϩࡌ೛ၗߎٰྍϐᒤݤǶቅᐥȐ2009ȑࡰрࣁჴ౜Ҭ ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛Ѧ೽ճ੻ϣ೽ϯǴࡹ۬ᔈࡘԵҬ೯ݮጕβӦ໒วکճҔޑཥᐒڋǴჹ ౜ԖޑβӦᆅ౛ڋࡋ຾Չֹ๓کബཥǶஒβӦ໒วԏ੻೽ϩҔܭҬ೯ࡌ೛کᔼ ၮǴ׎ԋаݮጕβӦၗྍ໒วԏΕߦ຾Ҭ೯ၮᒡϐว৖ኳԄǶ߻යёа่ӝҬ೯ ࡌ೛ӕ؁ჴࡼβӦ໒วǹࡕයёаଛӝҬ೯ᔼၮԶ࿶ᔼݮጕނ཰Ǵӧว৖ݮጕނ ཰ޑӕਔΨࣁҬ೯ၮᒡ୻ػ࠼ࢬǴ׎ԋٿޣޑؼ܄ϕံǴගଯ೿ѱҬ೯ࣦճૈ ΚǶᐽᔛӀȐ2008ȑҭගрTOD ᔈᆶβӦ໒ว࿸࿹ࡌ೛ǴаβӦ໒วԏ੻ံຠ TOD ࡌ೛کว৖୷ߎอલǶহර໚Ȑ2006ȑࡰр໒วճ੻ӣ㎸ᐒڋхࡴޔௗ܈ ໔ௗБԄǶޔௗБԄԖȐ1ȑҬ೯೛ࡼ׫ၗ୘ޔௗவ٣ݮጕ܊Ӧౢ໒วǹȐ2ȑݮ ጕ໒ว୘܈཰Ьගٮॄᏼߎ܈ҔӦǶ໔ௗБԄ߾ԖȐ1ȑࡹ۬ቻิ߇ᗋҬ೯೛ࡼ ׫ၗ୘ǹȐ2ȑࡌҥϦӅ୷ߎЍ࡭׫ၗ୘ǶܰჱখȐ2005ȑගрቚуݮጕ܊ౢޑ βӦрᡣߎǴቚԏ೽ϩբࣁཥጕࡌ೛ޑ׫ΕǶ٠፟ϒ໒วϦљݮጕβӦޑᓬӃ໒ ว៾а֎Ї׫ၗǴаϷճҔܨᎂ຤ҔբࣁၗߎݙΕ฻БԄǶԔذఘȐ2008ȑҭග рճҔݮጕβӦᝢၗϐڀᡏ଺ݤࣁቚуݮጕ΋ۓጄൎϣβӦᙯᡣߎǴቚу೽ϩҔ ܭTOD ໒วࡌ೛Ǵ܈ԋҥ஑ߐ܊Ӧౢ໒วϦља୷ྗӦሽॄೢ໒วݮጕ܊Ӧ ౢǴ໒วԏ੻ҔܭTOD Ƕ ᆕ΢܌ॊǴςԖ೚ӭࣴزࡰрǴڬᜐβӦ໒วճ੻ϐ߇ӣǴࣁTODᝢၗϐԖ ਏ೼৩ϐ΋ǶTOD ϐޗ཮࿶ᔮਏ੻ᇻεܭԾي଄୍ਏ੻ǴЇวճ੻ϩଛό֡ୢ

ᚒǴځচӢᔈࢂ۹ౣ଄୍܌ᡉҢϐԋҁԏ੻όჹᆀୢᚒǶTOD ཮ߦ຾ڬᜐβӦ ໒วǴԶβӦ໒ว཮Ї຾Γαᆶౢ཰Ǵߦ຾࿶ᔮว৖ǴԖշܭ଄ྍᝢ௛Ǵՠၸѐ ࠅ۹ຎβӦ໒วਏ੻ܭTOD ଄୍΢ޑख़ा܄ǴᏤठTOD ࡌ೛Ԗځ଄୍΢ϐ֚ᜤ ԶᜤаڀᡏวචԋਏǶࡺ҂ٰTOD ᔈࡘԵӵՖஒڬᜐβӦ໒วਏ੻ᘜϦǴ٠Ҕ аᷤݙᚳεϐᑫࡌԋҁǴ෧ᇸӦБ଄ࡹᓸΚǴаଓ؃଄୍Ϸ࿶ᔮޑ҉ុၮᒡว৖Ƕ

စǵิߎቚᚐᑼၗڋࡋȐTax increment financing, TIFȑ

TOD ሡा଄୍ᐒڋа຾ՉڬᜐβӦ໒วό୏ౢቚॶϐӣ㎸ǴԶऍ୯ิߎቚ ᚐᑼၗڋࡋȐTIFȑςቶݱჴࡼӭԃЪԋਏࣗᄆǶΞTIFܭऍ୯தբࣁTOD ೿ѱ ว৖ϐ଄୍πڀҔаᝢ௛଄ྍǴࡺёॷ᜔୯ѦTIF଄୍ڋࡋǴ჋၂ஒځЇ຾୯ϣǴ ၮҔܭTOD ว৖ύǶTIF ࢂӦБ೸ၸҥݤڋुޑ΋໨੝ਸ଄୍πڀǶTIFڋࡋྍ Ծܭӆว৖ࢲ୏ϐᖄٖံշၗߎȐFederal fundingȑε൯ᕭ෧ǵԀࡹ۬ჹ໸چϷ ଄ౢิज़ڋǵեճ౗฻ӢનǴӢԶ೷ԋӦБࡹ۬଄ࡹ֚ნǶуԀܭ 1952 ԃ२Ӄ ၮҔTIF բࣁ೿ѱӆว৖଄୍πڀ2

΋૓ٰᇥǴTIF ߯ၮҔܭ೿ѱӆว৖ϐ଄୍Ծᓭ܄πڀȐDye and Merriman, 2000:309ǹֆ٫ӵǴ2002Ǻ2-3ǹWeber et al., 2003:2001ǹSmith, 2006:22ǹMarshall and Lester, 2008:90ȑǴՠTIF ၮҔόӆ߳ज़ܭ೿ѱӆว৖ǴԶࢂቶݱӦၮҔܭځ дҞޑ ǴԶࡕܭ 1970 ԃжаࡕ໒ۈቶݱࢬՉܭऍ୯ ӚԀǶTIF ჴՉԿϞऊ 50 ԃᐕўǴԶܭ߈ 15 ԃቶࣁࢬՉǴҞ߻ӅԖ 49 ঁԀᆶ DC੝୔ǴࣣаֹԋTIF ҥݤǶTIF ߯ӦБࡹ۬ஒ၀Ӧ୔ว৖܌ᕇڗϐ҂ٰิߎ ቚᚐǴӆҔа׫ၗܭ၀Ӧ୔ǴᙖԜߦ຾Ҟ኱Ӧ୔ว৖ǶջӦБࡹ۬ё೸ၸTIF ಕ ᑈӦБࡹ۬଄ྍǴஒβӦิԏբࣁ೿ѱӆว৖ׯ๓ࡌ೛ЍрϐᑼၗၗߎǴᙖаൺ ผ࿶ᔮȐLawrence and Stephenson, 1995:105ǹMan and Rosentraub, 1998:523ǹMan, 1999:1151ǹDye and Merriman, 2000:309ǹֆ٫ӵǴ2002Ǻ2-2ǹଯҏ๭Ǵ2002Ǻ5ǵ 8ǹᄃηமǴ2003Ǻ7ǹMarshall and Lester, 2008:90ȑǶ

3

2

TIF ΋ຒ२ࡋр౜ܭ 1952 ԃуԀ܌অ҅ޑȨޗ୔ӆว৖ݤȩ(Community Redevelopment Law)(΍ ठԋǴ2000)

ǴTOD ջࣁځύϐ΋Ƕᗨฅ೚ӭԀҥݤஒȨ૰௳⫠ड़ȩբࣁTIF ୔Տᒧ ᏷኱ྗȐӵՕᛥٚၲԀǵ࠶ථநٌԀǵࠄၲࣽ༣Ԁ฻ȑȐCasella, 1985:3ǹDye and Merriman, 2000,309ȑǴՠ౜Ϟځ፾Ҕጄൎ೴ᅌᘉ஭Կځд໨ҞǴӵϦӅࡌ೛ǵε ౲ၮᒡس಍ǵᏢਠǵϦ༜฻ȐMan and Rosentraub, 1998:523ǹMarshall and Lester, 2008:90ȑǶԶਥᏵิߎቚᚐᑼၗന٫ჴࡼୖԵࡰࠄȐ2007:39ȑ܌ᘜયऍ୯߈ԃٰ Ԗਏ୺ՉϷଯࠔ፦TIF ीฝਔǴځύҭх֖Ҭ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛ϷTODӧϣϐӭᅿ໨Ҟ TIF ीฝǶࡺTIF ዴჴૈբࣁҬ೯ၮᒡࡌ೛ϐ଄୍ᐒڋǶ

3 _{ӵஏᅟ෥୷Ȑ࠶ථநٌԀȑၮҔ TIF ࢲϯ୘཰ύЈǹؔࡘൕȐቺԀȑϦӅ೛ࡼᑼၗǹ๮౰ႥȐD.C.}

Ȑ΋ȑTIF ϐཀက

໺಍΢ǴӦБࡹ۬ё೸ၸගଯቻิБԄٰЍᔈ଄ࡹሡ؃Ǵՠิॄᆶ҇౲៾੻ ৲৲࣬ᜢǴၸܭቚуஒᏤठ҇౲לݾǴӢԶ़ғр଄ࡹԾЬ܄ଯޑ TIF ڋࡋȐᎄ ύᏦǴ2005ȑǶTIF ߯ӦБࡹ۬ஒ၀Ӧ୔ว৖܌ᕇڗϐ҂ٰิߎቚᚐǴӆҔа׫ ၗܭ၀Ӧ୔ǴᙖԜߦ຾Ҟ኱Ӧ୔ว৖ϐ଄୍πڀȐCipollone, 2008:5ȑǶTIF ёܭ ځдၗߎଳశਔǴගٮى୼ϐၗߎٰྍȐWeber and Goddeeris, 2007ȑǶTIF ၮբ ӵΠკ 4Ǵ໒ۈܭิߎቚᚐ୔ȐTIF districts, TIDȑϐჄۓǴځ TIF ीฝ໒ۈԃǴ ೯தᆀࣁ୷ԃ(Base Year)ǴԶ୷ԃ܌ीᆉϐӦ୔ᕴβӦሽॶᆀࣁ୷ԃຑۓሽॶ (Base Assessed ValueǹBAV)ǴаԜሽॶբࣁղᘐิߎቚᚐޑ኱ྗǴϐࡕᒿीฝ௢ ୏ǴӵϦӅࡌ೛ǵ೿ѱ׳ཥǵε౲ၮᒡᏤӛว৖฻Ǵߦ٬βӦቚॶǴิߎҭӢԶ ໒ۈቚуǶӧิߎϩଛ΢Ӣ TIF ჴࡼԶౢғᡂϯǴځ୷ԃຑۓሽॶϝᘜҗӚ࣬ᜢ ፐิൂՏǴԶຬၸ୷ԃຑۓሽॶ೽ϩ४΢ิ౗ࡕ܌ளϐิߎቚᚐ೽ϩ߾ᘜܭ TIF ஑ೢൂՏၮҔܭ၀ीฝ܈၀Ӧ୔྽ύǴޔډ TIF ჴࡼԃය่״ࡕǴځᕴิᚐȐջ TIF ीฝ่״ԃຑۓሽॶ४΢ิ౗܌ளิԏȑωख़ཥϩଛ๏Ӛ࣬ᜢൂՏճҔǶ

΋૓ٰᇥǴε೽ϩ TIF ीฝԃයऊࣁ 20ɴ30 ԃȐNational Association of Realtors, 2002: 13ȑǴҔаӣԏิߎቚᚐǶTIFs ᗨฅ፟ϒ၀஑ೢᐒᄬૈ୼٬Ҕิߎ ቚᚐޑ៾ճǴฅԶ TIF ЍрᆶӣԏၗߎԖਔ໔΢ޑৡ౦ǴӢԶࣁ٬ TIF ीฝ໩ճ ୺ՉǴTIF ஑ೢᐒᄬӧԐයޑว৖Ѝрԋҁ཮೸ၸ TIF ໸چЍбǴ٠а҂ٰิߎ ቚᚐճዎٰᏼߥȐDye & MerrimanǴ2000ȑǴќѦҭԖ TIF ୷ߎаϷᒿԏᒿб Ȑpay-as-you-goȑ฻ TIF ၗߎၮҔБԄȐᎄύᏦǴ2005ǹMarshall & LesterǴ2008ȑǶ

კ 4ǺTIF ჴࡼҢཀკ

ᆕӝ΢ॊǴTIF ߯ڗϐܭථǵҔϐܭථǴஒӢϦӅࡌ೛ǵᕉნׯ๓฻܌೷ԋ ϐ TIF ୔ϣ଄ౢቚॶ೽ϩǴඤᆉԋิߎቚᚐӆ׫ၗܭ၀୔Ǵځᆒઓᜪ՟ܭ஑ී஑ ҔǴᡣ୔ϣิߎቚᚐૈ୼җ TIF ஑ೢᐒᄬ಍ᝢϩଛǴό཮ӢӚঁቻิൂՏӚԾ٬ Ҕǵϩණ׫ၗǴ٬ϦӅࡌ೛ǵׯ๓πำคݤкϩᕇளၗߎᷤݙԶ௢୏ǶЪԋࣁӦ Бࡹ۬ᛙۓϐ଄ྍǴԶ٬ࡌ೛ीฝዴჴၲډԾᓭǶ ȐΒȑTIF ϐҞޑ TIF ڋࡋനЬाϐࡹ฼Ҟޑࣁ੃ନ⫠ड़૰௳Ӧ୔ǵߦ٬Ӧ୔ӧว৖ǴԶځ൩ ଄ࡹᆶ଄୍य़߾ᡉҢڀԖΠӈҞޑȐCipollone, 2008: 36ȑǺ 1.ගٮϦӅࡌ೛ၗߎٰྍ 2.໒วޣ॥ᓀനλϯ 3.ჹځдၗߎౢғᄫఎਏᔈ 4.ߦ຾Ӧ୔࿶ᔮӆว৖ 5.ᅈى྽߻ӦБࡹ۬଄ࡹ΢ϷႣᆉ΢ϐୢᚒ ȐΟȑTIF ϐჴࡼ

TIF ว৖ीฝ୺ՉԖϖঁ໘ࢤȐNational Association of RealtorsǴ2002:7ȑǺ 1.߃යྗഢȐInitiationȑǹ2.ೕჄᄬགྷȐFormulationȑǹ3.ҙፎᆶ௦ҔȐAdoptionȑǹ 4.ׯ๓ᆶ୺ՉȐImplementationȑǹ5.՗ሽᆶಖЗȐEvaluation & TerminationȑǶ ځϖ໘ࢤҢཀკӵΠǺ

კ 5ǺTIF ୺Չϖ໘ࢤҢཀკ

1.߃යྗഢ

TIF ीฝޑගр೯தҗϦ೽ߐǴՠΨԖد೽ߐȐх֖໒ว୘ǵβӦ܌Ԗ៾Γǵ دΓҾ཰฻ȑϷߚᔼճൂՏϐ௃׎Ƕد೽ߐҙፎεӭаد੻ࣁԵໆǹԶӦБࡹ۬ ،ۓ٬Ҕ TIF ϐচӢх֖ȐWeber and Goddeeris, 2007ȑǺ

Ȑ1ȑڈᐟੲ১܈ଯ॥ᓀѱ൑Ǵᙖаว৖ख़ᗺ୔ୱ܈҂ว৖ϐ೿ѱᜐጔӦ୔Ƕ Ȑ2ȑ௢୏εࠠीฝǶ Ȑ3ȑӦБచҹคݤ֎Ї໒ว୘Ƕ Ȑ4ȑӧඳ਻ࢲ๎ѱ൑௓ڋ໒วՉࣁǴTIF ё٬ࡹ۬फ़եᆒ๮ӦࢤԋҁԶૈ଺Ϧ Ӆ܈ޗ཮܄ϐβӦ٬ҔǶ ࡺё࣮рӦБࡹ۬ЬाচӢǴӭࣁ֎Ї׫ၗ຾Ε၀୔Ǵߦ຾၀୔ϐ࿶ᔮว ৖ǶԶ྽ዴۓ٬Ҕ TIF ᐒڋࡕǴ߾ሡ຾ՉȨऩߚෳ၂ȩǶ߯Ӣ TIF ୺Չำׇ՟Я ሥࣁᙁܰǴՠ٣ჴ΢ࢂ࣬྽ፄᚇޑǶӢࣁ҇౲೯த཮ϸჹஒቚᚐޔௗբࣁ੝ۓी ฝϐံշၗߎǴҭ܈ࢂόӕཀ၀ीฝ໨ҞǵᜪࠠૈբࣁံຠჹຝǶࣁံ௱Ԝ௃ݩǴ ԶౢғрȨऩߚෳ၂Ȑbut for testȑȩǺऩؒԖ TIF ڋࡋڐշǴ၀ीฝ܌ග᝼ϐว ৖܈ԋߏ൩คݤၲԋǶTIF ڋࡋޑ೛ीҞޑЬाࣁ੃ନ⫠ड़૰௳٠ߦ຾د೽ߐ׫ ၗ၀Ҟ኱Ӧ୔Ƕࡺऍ୯ӚԀӭаҥݤೕۓ໪಄ӝȨऩߚෳ၂Ȑbut for testȑȩǴω ё຾Չ TIF ڋࡋǶӢԜǴܭྗഢ໘ࢤύǴനࣁख़ाջ໪೸ၸӚ໨ຑ՗а᛾ჴ಄ӝ ૰௳⫠ड़ϐ኱ྗǶ

ӢԜǴܭ߃යྗഢ໘ࢤύǴЬाջዴҥीฝёՉ܄Ƕх֖ሡ؃ǵ࿶ᔮճ੻ǵ ଄୍ёՉ܄ǵᕉნ⫠ड़ǵϦدӝբᜢ߯฻ࣣ໪ܭൔ֋ύ೏ࡰрǶ଄୍ຑ՗ύϐิ ߎቚᚐѸ໪೏ႣෳǴԶ TIF ៝ୢ೯தӧԜ໘ࢤύ೏໤Ҕа຾Չ၀໨ϩ݋ǴTIF ៝ ୢѸ໪кϩᕕှӦБࡹ۬ิ୍ՉࡹำׇϷቻิس಍ȐMarshall & LesterǴ2008ȑǶ 2.ೕჄᄬགྷ

ዴۓё୺Չ TIF ڋࡋࡕǴջ೸ၸ TIF ीฝӦ୔ȐTIF districtsȑȐуԀᆀϩଛ ୔(allocation areas)ȑޑჄۓǴҔаஒ၀੝୔ϣϐิԏቚᚐᷤݙว৖ԋҁǶTIF ी ฝӦ୔ࣁܴዴϐӦ౛୔ୱǴځጄൎёૈх֖᏾ঁ೿ѱǴ׭܈೿ѱϣࢌ୔ୱǶ TIFीฝӦ୔ϐჄ೛চ߾Ǵ२Ӄሡ಄ӝऩߚෳ၂Ϸ⫠ड़ፓࢗǶऩ಄ӝ፾ҔTIF ၗ਱Ǵ߾Ꮲ୔ǵଗǵמೌᏢਠϷӦБࡹ۬߯ਥᏵTIF ीฝӦ୔ࡌҥ྽ԃϐิ౗Ϸ ଄ౢሽॶٰीᆉิԏǴ٠ӧTIFीฝӦ୔Ӹុය໔ᆢ࡭၀НྗǶ΋ѿTIFीฝӦ୔ ೏ࡌҥޑ྽ԃǴ߾բࣁीฝ୷ԃǴԶTIFीฝӦ୔ϣβӦሽॶ߾೏এ่Ȑfrozenȑ

଺ࣁ୷ԃຑۓሽॶǴӧ୷ԃࡕځຬၸ୷ԃຑۓሽॶ೽ϩ߾ࣁຑۓሽॶቚᚐǶࡹ۬ ೽ߐځдޑ΋૓܄ቻิ୔4 3.ҙፎᆶ௦Ҕ Ǵჹܭิߎቚᚐ೽ϩؒԖ٬Ҕ៾Ǵନߚӧݤࡓ΢Ԗ੝ ձڀᡏࡰܴǴՠѬॺϝԖჹ୷ԃຑۓሽॶቻԏϐิߎޑ٬Ҕ៾ǶޔډTIFಖ่Զ ิ୷೏ගϲԿၨଯޑຑۓሽॶНྗǴ܌Ԗቻԏ୔ࣣԖ၀ิߎ٬Ҕ៾Ƕ ӚԀεӭࣣा؃ܭीฝӕཀϷ੝୔ࡌҥ߻ሡᖐᒤϦ᠋཮ǴϦѲڙቹៜӦ୔٠ ᕕှ҇౲ཀـǶ٠ࣴᔕᆶঅु࣬ᜢݤзǴ຾ՉϦد೽ߐڐ୘ǴܭᛝुӝऊࡕǴ໒ ۈ຾ՉTIFीฝӦ୔ϣϐࡌ೛Ƕ Ϧ᠋཮ᖐᒤ൩ऍ୯୺Չ࿶ᡍǴԖаΠٿᅿǺȐ1ȑ่ӝཀـ᠋ڗݤȐCombined Hearing Methodȑɡीฝϣ৒Ϸࣚጕጄൎཀـ᠋ڗ่ӝ຾ൂᐱϦ᠋཮ύǶԜБݤ ჹܭࡰрϷൔ֋ቹៜิԏҁ፦ϒ҇౲ᕕှၨόፄᚇǴ೚ӭ҇౲ၨୃӳаԜБݤ଺ ीฝǴӢࣁځϢ೚ीฝԋҁᆶӦ౛ጄൎҥջ೏ԵໆǶȐ2ȑൂᐱཀـ᠋ڗݤȐSeparate Hearing MethodȑɡԜБݤၨόڙ៿߆ޑচӢࢂӧीฝϷጄൎཀـ᠋ڗ߻ϐ؁ᡯ Ѹ໪όᘐޑख़ፄǴ٬ளीฝᡂள׳уፄᚇЪਔำܦޑࡐߏǶ 4.ׯ๓ᆶ୺Չ ຾Չ࣬ᜢϐ೿ѱว৖ࡌ೛ᆶׯ๓Ǵ໸چวՉ٠໒ۈЍбीฝ࣬ᜢԋҁǶӦБ ࡹ۬ԜਔҺ୍ࣁᅱ࿎ࡌ೷πำǴᆅ౛஑ೢᐒᜢᆶ TIF ीฝӦ୔ϐ଄୍٣୍Ƕᙖ җ଄୍ज़ڋᆶвಒᏹբ౜ߎࢬໆǴӦБࡹ۬ૈ୼ܴዴӦ୺Չ଄୍ीฝǶԜ໘ࢤε ೽ϩԀࡹࣣ۬Ϣ೚р୧ TIF ໸چа຾ՉᑼၗǶTIF ໸چ ஒ཮ፂᔐচԖӦБϦ ໸Ǵࡺ೯த௦Ҕϐှ،БԄࣁ TIF ໸چ໻җิԏቚॶЍбǴԶόڙӦБϦ໸ว Չज़ڋǶ 5.՗ሽᆶಖЗ ᕉნׯ๓ߦ٬دΓ׫ၗǴ຾ԶගଯβӦሽॶǴҭቚуࡹ۬ϐβӦิԏǶҗຑ ۓቚᚐ܌ᕇڗϐβӦิԏճዎȐջิߎቚᚐȑ೏Ҕܭ໸୍ᑼၗаᓭᗋᔈЍбී ໨ǶTIF ԃයಖЗ߾຾Չ࣬ᜢ଄୍՗ሽᆶϩ݋ǶTIF ԃයಖЗ೯தനߏࣁ20ɴ30 ԃǴՠऍ୯Ԗ٤ԀӢ౧ܭᅱ࿎ǴԶ٬TIF ࡭ុӸӧԶ҂ಖЗǶ ȐѤȑิߎቚᚐϩଛБԄ 1.TIF ीฝӦ୔؂ԃิߎቚᚐϩ݋

4 _{ऍ୯΋૓܄ቻิ୔Ǵх֖კਜᓔ୔Ȑlibrary districtȑǵНྍ୔Ȑwater districtȑǵᏢਠ୔Ȑschool}

྽ TIF ीฝӦ୔೏ࡌҥࡕǴ၀୔܌Ԗޑ଄ౢሽॶஒ೏ीᆉϩ݋ӵΠ߄ 2Ƕ२ Ӄܭ TIF ୷ԃࡌҥ྽ਔǴीᆉ TIF ीฝӦ୔ϣβӦᕴሽբࣁ୷ԃຑۓӦሽ ȐBAVȑǴԶࡕа TIF ीฝය໔؂ԃຑۓӦሽȐEAV at one yearȑǴԌନ୷ԃຑۓ ӦሽࡕȐɨGrowth of EAVȑǴ४΢ิ౗ȐTax rateȑࡕǴջࣁิߎቚᚐȐIncreaseȑǶ ߄ 2ǺTIF ჴࡼิߎቚᚐीᆉਢٯ ؁ᡯ ඔॊ ᕴᚐ ୷ԃຑۓӦሽ (BAV) TIF ࡌҥ߻၀୔ϣ܌ԖβӦᕴሽॶ ʓ10,000 ؂ԃຑۓӦሽ

(EAV at one year) TIF ࡌҥࡕ؂ԃϐ၀୔ϣ܌ԖβӦᕴሽॶ ʓ11,000

Ӧሽቚॶ

(Growth of EAV) BAV ᆶ EAV at one year ϐৡຯ

ʓ1,000 ิ౗

(Tax rate) ೏ࡰۓࣁิԏჹຝϐ AVȐ଄ౢຑۓሽॶȑޑԭϩК 10%

ิߎቚᚐ

(Increase) җ೚ӭิ౗ᄬԋޑβӦሽॶ܈೏ࡰۓբࣁ TIF ၗߎٰྍϐཥิॄ ʓ100,000

ၗ਑ٰྍǺMilotti and Patumi, 2008

ิߎቚᚐϩଛԖΟᅿЬाБԄǺȐ1ȑճҔ҂ٰิߎቚᚐբࣁTIF໸چᑼၗϐ ᏼߥǹȐ2ȑቚॶ೽ϩ೏ࡰۓܫΕTIF ୷ߎ྽ύ٠ӆ׫ၗܭ၀୔ว৖ǹȐ3ȑᒿԏ ᒿбǶཥቚуิᚐ߯җ၀୔ୱϐ׫ၗࡌ೛ࡕ܌׎ԋ೿ѱว৖ϐό୏ౢቚॶԶٰǹ Ψ൩ࢂவࡽԖό୏ౢޑ຾΋؁ቚॶԶٰǶ 2.TIFჴࡼය໔౜ߎࢬໆϩ݋ аΠ߄ 3 ࣁٯǴ୷ԃຑۓӦሽࣁ$500,000Ǵ୷ԃࡕಃ΋ԃຑۓӦሽ٠คᡂϯ ж߄၀Ӧ୔ว৖ीฝ٠҂ֹԋԶؒԖቚॶਏ݀ǹӧ୷ԃዴҥࡕޑಃΒԃǴϦӅࡌ ೛Ϸ೛ഢׯ๓ςֹԋǴຑۓӦሽගଯ(ຬၸ୷ԃຑۓӦሽ)Ǵவ$500,000 ቚуډ $600,000Ǵځ$100,000 ࣁຑۓӦሽቚᚐǴϐࡕஒ$100,000 ४΢ิ౗ 5%Ǵளډϐ $5,000 ߾ࣁ୷ԃࡕಃΒԃϐิߎቚᚐǶќѦǴவิߎቚᚐϩଛٰ࣮ǴၮҔܭ TIF ੝୔ϐКٯவ 16.67%ቚуԿ 37.50%Ȑ၀Кٯࢂஒቚॶԏ੻ନܭᕴิߎԏ੻ȑǴ ж߄ TIF ीฝຫࡕයځຑۓӦሽቚᚐຫଯǴิߎቚᚐΨຫӭǴёၮҔܭ TIF ੝୔ ϣϐКٯஒຫଯǶ

߄ 3Ǻิߎቚᚐ౜ߎࢬໆϩ݋߄(а 5 ԃࣁٯ) ຑۓሽॶ ୷ԃ 2 3 4 5 6 ಖЗԃ $500,000 $500,000 $600,000 $650,000 $700,000 $800,000 $800,000 ؂$100 ิ౗ ԏ੻ ځдቻิᐒᜢ ਈ᝘ޣ $1.75 $6,250 $6,250 $6,250 $6,250 $6,250 $6,250 $10,000 ᜅշޣ Нྍ୔ $0.50 $3,750 $3,750 $3,750 $3,750 $3,750 $3,750 $6,000 კਜᓔ୔ $0.25 $4,250 $4,250 $4,250 $4,250 $4,250 $4,250 $6,800 Ꮲ୔ $2.50 $9,500 $9,500 $9,500 $9,500 $9,500 $9,500 $15,200 ᕴी $5.00 ิԏ ୷ԃȐ๏ᜅշޣȑ $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $25,000 $40,000 ิߎቚᚐȐ๏ TIF ੝୔ȑ $0 $0 $5,000 $7,500 $10,000 $15,000 $0 ᕴी $25,000 $25,000 $30,000 $32,500 $35,000 $40,000 $40,000 ิԏϩଛ ϩଛԿਈ᝘ᆶᜅշޣ 100.00% 100.00% 83.33% 76.92% 71.43% 62.50% 100.00% ϩଛԿ TIF ੝୔ 0.00% 0.00% 16.67% 23.08% 28.57% 37.50% 0.00%

ၗ਑ٰྍǺNational Association of Realtors, 2002

൩ิߎቚᚐϩଛٰ࣮Ǵᕴิߎԏ੻ϩࣁ୷ԃຑۓሽॶิߎԏ੻аϷิߎቚᚐ ԏ੻ǴԶځϩଛჹຝϩձࢂ߻ޣ๏΋૓܄ቻิᐒᜢȐऍ୯ᆀᜅշޣǵਈ᝘ޣȑǹ ԶࡕޣϩଛԿ TIF ीฝӦ୔྽ύǶTIF Ӹុය໔؂ԃิߎቚᚐϩଛ௃׎ӵΠǺ Ȑ1ȑ୷ԃຑۓሽॶิߎҔ೼ ЬाቻԏϷ٬Ҕ៾ϝឦܭӚ࣬ᜢൂՏǵӦ୔ǴόቹៜচԖၮբ࿶຤Ƕ Ȑ2ȑิߎቚॶҔ೼ ؂ԃิߎቚᚐЬाࢂҔܭ၀ TIF ीฝӦ୔ǴځҔ೼ਥᏵऍ୯ଭٚើԀޑ Sections 14-201 through 214 of Article 41 of the Annotated Code of MarylandȐthe “Tax Increment Financing Act”ȑิߎቚᚐҔ೼ӵΠȐJohn R. Orrick, 2003ȑǺ

Ȑ1ȑҞ኱ว৖Ӧ୔βӦϷځд଄ౢᖼວǵચၛϷቻԏ܈ځд೯Չ៾ǵӦא៾ Ȑ2ȑ൑֟ᎂ౽

Ȑ3ȑፓࢗϷࣴز Ȑ4ȑ୘཰ᆶՐӻҔӦख़ཥଛ࿼ Ȑ5ȑϦҔ೛ഢ೛࿼ǹϦ༜ǵু኷೛ࡼϷځдѸाׯ๓πำǴх֖ຉၰǵຉᐩǵ ଶً൑฻ځд੝ۓ൑܌೛ࡼϐࡌ೷ Ȑ6ȑࡌᑐނཥࡌ܈׳ཥаගٮࡹ۬೽ߐ٬Ҕ Ȑ7ȑᓯഢߎ܈ၗҁϯ౗ Ȑ8ȑ໸چᏼߥѸाԋҁ Ȑ9ȑЍбҁߎϷճ৲ॷීǵ౜ߎສී฻࣬ᜢ໸୍ ȐϖȑTIF ճ੻ᆶԋҁ௖૸ TIF όՠёаှ،Ӧ୔૰௳Ϸ୘཰ࢲ୏ؒပ฻ୢᚒǴҭёа٬ӦБࡹ۬ό٩ ᒘύѧᖄٖံշၗߎԶჹ੝ۓЬाीฝ຾ՉᑼၗȐMontarti, 2000ȑǶฅԶǴTIF ޑ୺Չҗܭ౐ੋفՅᆶځύϐճ੻ፂँፄᚇǴჹୖᆶϐӚঁفՅ೿Ԗճ੻ᆶԋҁ ΢ޑወӧፂँǴ૟᏾౛ӵΠǺ ߄ 4ǺTIF ճ੻ᆶԋҁ߄ ୖᆶޣ ԋҁ ճ੻ ࠤѱǵໂᙼ Ϸਠ୔ ࣁΑஒቚᚐิߎճҔܭ୍ܺሡ؃ǴஒѸ ໪฻ࡑѳ֡ऊ 20 ԃ όሡ೸ၸ΋૓ၗߎϷᖄٖ܈Ԁޑံշ ൩ёаჹЬाीฝ຾Չᑼၗ ӵ݀ीฝѨ௳Ǵิԏό཮ჴ౜ǴӢԶѸ ໪ଞჹόىᚐᷤݙၗߎ ΋ѿ໸چ೏ᓭᗋǴஒ٦Ԗၨଯ଄ౢิ ڀԖ׳ӭπբᐒ཮ǴԶ೭٤πբᐒ཮ ஒගٮ׳ӭޑπၗิԏճዎ યิޣ ჹܭد೽ߐٰᇥǴගٮၗߎ๏ीฝ՟Я ॥ᓀ܄ၸଯ ٦Ԗཥޑ೛ࡼЪߦ຾୘཰ว৖ ऩۚՐܭᎃ߈୔ୱԶߚ၀Ӧ୔ύǴΨஒ ໪೸ၸ׳ଯޑิॄаى୼Ѝб၀୔ҺՖ ቚуޑ୍ܺሡ؃ җܭཥीฝр౜Ǵิߎёૈ෧Ͽ ੃ନӸӧςΦϐ૰௳Ӧ୔ ว৖ޣ Ѝб၀ीฝε೽ϩࡌᑐԋҁ ϦӅ׫ၗࡕǴᏱԖ೽ϩ܈܌ԖϐϦӅ ࡌ೛ ׫ၗޣ ӵ݀೏ϩଛ໸چؒԖᙖҗࡹ۬΋૓ᓭᗋ ໸ීБԄӣԏǴஒय़ᖏ׳ଯޑԋҁЍр ௗڙխิ໸چаౢғิԏआճ ၗ਑ٰྍǺMontartiǴ2000

ȐϤȑTIF ଄୍ᐒڋϐ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ϩ݋ ᗨฅ TIF Ҕ೼ܭऍ୯೴ᅌቶݱǴՠҞ߻ࣴز୯ϣၮҔิߎቚᚐᑼၗϐ࣬ᜢЎ ᝘Ǵҭӭа೿ѱ׳ཥၮҔࣁЬǴၨϿ௖૸ TOD ฻ځд໨ҞϐၮҔǶӵ΍ठԋ Ȑ2000ȑ२Ӄගр TIF ڋࡋёၮҔܭ୯ϣ೿ѱ׳ཥǴ೸ၸวՉ׳ཥϦ໸ϐБԄǴ ஒ TIF ၮҔܭ೿ѱ׳ཥύǶֆ٫ӵȐ2002ȑ߾аѠчѱεӼ୔ǵϣ෫୔ǵύξ୔ ϐኧঁ೿ѱ׳ཥঁਢኳᔕБԄǴଛӝୢڔፓࢗϷుࡋೖፋǴ௖૸୯ϣჴࡼ TIF ڋ ࡋᔈԖϐჴࡼڬᜐᕉნచҹǴᙖԜϩ݋୯ϣ౜ՉᕉნڋࡋΠ TIF ϐёՉ܄Ǵаբ ࣁ୯ϣϦد೽ߐӆว৖ࡹ฼ᔕۓϐୖԵǶᄃηமȐ2003ȑЬाᙖҗऍ୯ҲճᒍԀ ޲уঢѱ TIF ڋࡋᆶჴࡼ࿶ᡍǴаѠчᑜᐋ݅ଚቷӦ୔຾Չ೿ѱ׳ཥीฝϷิߎ ቚᚐঁਢኳᔕǶฅ߻ॊঁਢኳᔕӵӕε೽ϩऍ୯ঁਢǴࣣаܴዴϐ೿ѱ׳ཥጄൎ ࣁ TIF ჄۓጄൎȐCDFA and ICSC, 2007: 39-97ǹDay-Marshall and Lester, 2008ȑǴ ၨલЮ൩଄୍य़௖૸ TIF Ӧ୔ӵՖჄۓϷӣԏၗߎϐന፾ೕኳǶ ќѦǴෞίችǵቅࠆೱȐ2004ȑவϦӅࡌ೛଄ྍفࡋǴа TIF ஑ී஑ҔБԄǴ ೱ่ϦӅࡌ೛଄ྍᝢ௛ᆶβӦ໒ว໔ϐᜢ߯Ǵ௖૸ٿޣ໔ޑҁ੻ᜢ߯Ǵࠅ໻Ԗவ ݤڋय़ࡌ᝼୯ϣЇ຾ TIF ڋࡋޑ࣬ᜢঅݤǴ҂வ଄୍य़ǵ୺Չय़฻຾Չ௖૸ǶԶ ᎄύᏦȐ2005ȑࣁׯ๓٠ӣԏӦౢ໒วࠠ BOT ीฝޑਏ੻Ǵаଯ໢௘ၮ BOT ਢ ຾ՉঁਢኳᔕǴՠ၀ኳᔕጄൎ߯ਥᏵ௘ၮቹៜڬᜐӦሽϐ࣬ᜢਢٯᆶЎ᝘ࣴزǴ а௘ၮًઠڬൎъ৩ 500 ϦЁϣጄൎբࣁ TIF Ӧ୔຾Չϩ݋ǴલЮ൩଄୍य़ϩ݋ ၀ጄൎࢂցࣁന፾ೕኳǴҭ҂௖૸ TIF Ӧ୔Ⴤ೛ࢂց಄ӝϦѳᆶਏ౗ǶTIF ߾ࢂ ճҔࡹ฼วթǵჴሞ୏πࡕǴޗ཮ޑႣයЈ౛஥ٰ଄ౢቚॶޑਏ੻ǴᑈཱུԏڗǶ ӢԜ TIF ၲډँઇޜ໔ᆶਔ໔ϐጄᛑȐᎄύᏦǴ2005ȑǶ ୯ѦЎ᝘߾εӭࣴز TIF ᆶβӦቚॶϐᜢೱ܄Ƕࣴز่݀ᘜયӵΠ߄ 5Ǵ҅ ӛ࣬ᜢǵॄӛ࣬ᜢϷᜢ߯όዴۓϐࣴز่ࣣ݀ԖǴࡺځᜢ߯٠҂ளډߚதܴዴϐ ᛾ჴǶε೽ϩࣴزࣣଞჹ TIF Ⴤ೛ࡕჹܭ੝୔ϣβӦሽॶϐᜢೱ܄ǴࣗϿଞჹ ੝୔ϣࡌ೛ჹܭ୔ϣβӦሽॶϐᜢೱ܄Ƕջࣣ׆ఈ೸ၸ TIF ߦ٬βӦቚॶǴ٠ ճҔ TIF ᐒڋஒ၀ሽॶ຾ՉӣԏǴՠၨϿ௖૸೸ၸ TOD ฻໒วࡌ೛ߦ٬βӦቚ ॶǴӆճҔ TIF ᐒڋ຾ՉሽॶӣԏǶ

߄ 5ǺTIF ᆶβӦቚॶᜢೱ܄࣬ᜢЎ᝘᏾౛߄ ᜢೱ܄ բޣ ࣴزጄൎ ࣴزϣ৒ ҅࣬ᜢ Man and Rosentraub (1998) ӑಃӼٗԀ 1980-1990 ԃ໔ TIF Ⴤۓჴࡼ߻ࡕϐ଄ ౢሽॶ ่ፕࡰр TIF ୔ϣϐ܊ሽஒଯр ܭ୔Ѧ 11ʘǴ຾Զ᛾ჴӦБࡹ۬ ௦Ҕ TIF ஒߦ຾ TIF ੝୔ϣϷڬൎ ޗ୔ޑ଄ౢቚॶ Smith(2006) ҲճᒍԀ޲уঢѱ 1992-2000 ԃ໔ϐӭ ЊԄՐӻ ൂᐱаՐӻѱ൑ٰᔠຎ TIF Ⴤۓ ࡕჹӦБ࿶ᔮϐቹៜǴ᛾ჴ TIF ी ฝӦ୔ޑჄۓᆶ଄ౢႣයቚॶև ౜҅࣬ᜢǶჴ᛾ኳࠠϩ݋่ፕᡉ ҢǴ೏Ⴤۓࣁ TIF ीฝӦ୔ࡕǴ୔ ϣ଄ౢႣයቚॶዴჴଯܭ TIF ୔ ѦаϷჄۓ߻଄ౢሽॶǶ Byrne(2006) ޲уঢ TIF ੝୔ ᑫࡌԿ 1993 ԃ ൩ӦБᎃٚϐቹៜǴჴ᛾ᡉҢ TIF ጄൎελǵౢ཰ࠠᄊǵեஏӦǵଯ қΓۚ҇КٯаϷᎃ߈ѱύЈϐ ाનࣣᆶӦБ଄ౢቚॶև҅࣬ᜢǶ ॄ࣬ᜢ Dye and Merriman (2000) ޲уঢѱ TIF ჴࡼ߻ (1980-1983 ԃ)ᆶ TIF ჴࡼࡕ (1992-1995 ԃ) ว౜௦Ҕ TIF ޑӦ୔ځ଄ౢቚॶ ၨؒԖ௦ҔӦ୔጗ᄌǶ LaPlante (2001) ጑ӢԀ 86 ঁࠤѱ ჴ᛾ϩ݋่݀٠คว౜ԋߏၨז ޑࠤѱ཮௦Չ TIF Ƕ ᜢ߯ό ዴۓ Anderson (1990) ஏՋਥԀ 1985-1986 ԃ໔ 255 ঁࠤѱ྽ύ 63 ঁς ࡌҥ TIF Ӧ୔ ၮҔ࿶ᔮᢀᗺǴ࿶җኳࠠჴ᛾่݀ ᛾ ჴ ࿶ ᔮ ԋ ߏ ϐ ࠤ ѱ ዴ ჴ ٬ Ҕ TIFǴՠคݤ᛾ჴ၀ԋߏ߯җܭ TIF ϐ௦ҔǶջคݤܴዴ᛾ჴٿޣϐᜢ ೱ܄Ƕ Weber, Bhatta and Merriman (2007) ޲уঢᐱЊՐӻ (single-family) 1993-1999 ԃ ჴ᛾่݀ᡉҢǴౢ཰ࠠ TIF ीฝ Ӧ୔ቚॶКٯΠफ़ǹԶՐ୘షӝ٬ Ҕࠠ TIF ीฝӦ୔ቚॶගଯǶ ၗ਑ٰྍǺҁࣴز᏾౛

ᆕ΢܌ॊǴၸѐЎ᝘ӭа೿ѱ׳ཥࣁঁਢ຾Չ௖૸ǴၨલЮ TOD ฻ځд໨ ҞϐၮҔǴҭલЮ൩଄୍य़ϩ݋ TIF Ӧ୔Ⴤۓϐന፾ጄൎǴЪၨϿ௖૸ճҔ TIF ӣԏ TOD ฻໒วࡌ೛܌೷ԋϐβӦቚॶǶӢԜǴҁЎஒаਲ༜ᐒ൑௘ၮࣁٯǴ ൩଄୍य़຾Չ TIF ीฝӦ୔ჄۓኳᔕǴϩ݋ TIF ୺Չය໔ϐ౜ߎࢬໆϷ࣬ᜢ଄୍ ௃ݩǴ٠ஒ၀ TIF ଄୍Ծᓭጄൎբࣁε౲ၮᒡ׫ၗൺผ୔Ǵٮ TOD ҂ٰ଄୍ԏ Ε܌ሡǴԶࡕᙖаࡌҥ TOD ϐ TIF ቚॶӣ㎸଄୍ᐒڋǴஒ TOD ܌೷ԋϐό୏ ౢቚॶ೽ϩ຾ՉሽॶӣԏǴаٮ୯ϣ҂ٰ TOD ว৖฼ౣᆶೕჄ೛ी୺ՉୖԵǶ ȐΎȑऍ୯ӚԀࠤѱϐჴࡼ࿶ᡍ аΠ௖૸ऍ୯ӚԀϐӚࠤѱǴჴࡼ TIF ϐ࿶ᡍᆶԋਏǴаࣁ୯ϣ҂ٰჴࡼϐ ٩ᏵǶ 1.޲уঢѱȐҲճᒍԀȑ 1998 ԃਔǴ޲уঢѱаԋфӦஒ TIF ၮҔܭՐӻǵ୘཰ᆶπ཰ว৖ǶTIF ܌ ౢғϐԏ੻Ӆബ೷ 665 ՐӻൂϡϷ 342 ୘཰ൂϡǶ၀ѱΨߦ຾ 550 ཥਓᓔғǵ120 ࿤ҥБमւ႟୧཰ǵ360 ࿤ҥБमւᒤϦޜ໔ᆶ 2 ےཥଶً൑ޑౢғǶ޲уঢѱ а 1 ϡޑ TIF ԏ੻Ǵᖐ໸࿶ᔼऊ 6 ϡޑد೽ߐ׫ၗǶ޲уঢѱவ TIF ໒ۈޔډ 1998 ԃǴ΋Ӆബ೷Α 2 ሹ 7000 ࿤ޑิԏቚᚐǴ٠ճҔ၀ԏ੻ᓭᗋ TIF ໸چǶTIF ीฝԃයѳ֡ऊࣁ 23 ԃǶ 2.൐ᙓථѱȐஏ᝵ٚԀȑ வ 1982 ԃ໒ۈǴ൐ᙓථѱջ໒ۈஒิԏቚᚐᔈҔԿӆว৖ࢲ୏ᑼၗύǶ౜ Ϟ൐ᙓථѱӅԖ 44 ঁ TIF ीฝӸӧǶӧஏ᝵ٚԀǴTIF ीฝёϩ٦ TID ύ 50ʘ ޑᔼ཰ิԏቚᚐаϷ 100ʘޑ଄ౢิԏቚᚐǶќѦǴஏ᝵ٚԀᗋԖӜࣁȨSuperTIFȩ ޑᇨӢڋࡋǴёϩ٦Ԁ܌Ԗޑ 50ʘޑᔼ཰ิǶ ౜ϞǴ൐ᙓථѱςബ೷ 1,422 ޑཥՐӻൂϡǴ1,704 ঁཥޑ܈ख़ࡌਓᓔ܊໔ǵ240 ࿤ҥБमւޑ႟୧ޜ໔ǵ540 ࿤ҥБमւޑᒤϦޜ໔Ƕ၀ѱ՗ीπբᐒ཮ቚуϷ ߥ੮ऊ 107,079 ঁπբǶܭ 2001 ԃǴTID ౢғΑ 1,820 ࿤ޑิԏቚᚐԏ੻ǶԶӧ 2002 ԃǴTID ߾ബ೷Α 2,330 ࿤ޑิԏቚᚐǶ 3.ϏՕѱȐࣽᛥ܎ӭԀȑ ϏՕѱޑ TIF ჴࡼ੝ձаࢲϯ୘཰୔നࣁԋфǶ၀ѱճҔ 2 ሹ 7,350 ࿤ޑϦ ӅၗߎѐЍኖຬၸ 10 ሹޑدΓ׫ၗǶЪ၀ѱς࿶ڐշࡌ೛ 1,565 ঁཥۚՐൂϡǴ ߥៈ 11 ঁᐕўࡌނǴаϷख़ࡌ 2,890 ঁᐱЊՐӻǶ

4.ၲ܎ථѱȐቺԀȑ ၲ܎ථѱ྽ύԿϞϝߥӸԖǴ1989 ԃջԋҥޑ 7 ঁനԴޑ TIDǶTID ߯Ӹុ ऊࣁ 20 ԃа຾ՉิԏቚᚐϐӣԏǶਥᏵቺԀҥݤǴTIF ޑၗߎёҔܭ೏ࡰۓࣁ ЍбϦӅࡌ೛ԋҁǴӵၰၡǵຉඳׯ๓ǵᕉნߥៈǵϦӅଶً൑ǵԦНೀ౛฻Ƕ Զ TIF ޑၗߎΨё೏׫ၗܭѳሽՐӻ܈֎Їد೽ߐว৖΢Ƕ җ΢ॊӚ୯ሞࠤѱٰ࣮Ǵऍ୯ӚԀჴࡼ TIF εӭᕇள࣬྽ԋфϐਏ੻ǶTIF ڋࡋޑ୺Չε೽ϩૈ୼ၲډीฝҞ኱ǴΨዴჴૈ୼ౢғεໆޑิԏቚᚐǶόՠё ຾ՉӚ໨ϦӅࡌ೛ϐᑼၗǴҭёගٮӚᅿीฝǵБਢᆶࡹ฼ϐၗߎٰྍǴ׳ૈߦ ຾྽Ӧد೽ߐว৖Ǵ֎Ї׳ӭΓαᆶౢ཰຾ᎫǴ٠ගٮ׳ӭπբᐒ཮ᆶ௲ػ૽ ግǴ຾ԶߦԋӚӦϐӆว৖Ƕ

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΋ǵπำڙ੻຤ ך୯ჴࡼϐπำڙ੻຤Ǵऍ୯ᆀϐࣁ

੝ձຑሽ

ȐSpecial AssessmentȑǴम ୯ᆀࣁׯؼิȐBetterment TaxȑǴԶВҁ߾ᆀࣁڙ੻ޣॄᏼߎǴࣣ߯ճҔቚॶ ӣ㎸БԄᝢ௛ϦӅࡌ೛଄ྍǶ٩ᏵȠπำڙ੻຤ቻԏచٯȡಃΒచۓကǴȨӚભ ࡹ۬ܭ၀୔ୱϣǴӢ௢Չ೿ѱࡌ೛ǴගଯβӦ٬ҔǴߡճҬ೯܈ٛЗϺฅؠ্Ǵ Զࡌᑐ܈ׯ๓ၰၡǵᐏኺǵྎ෤ǵෝαǵዸᓐǵН৤ǵ൒ٛǵ౧ᔵНၰϷځдН ഌ฻πำǴᔈ൩ޔௗڙ੻ϐϦدԖβӦϷځׯؼނǴቻԏπำڙ੻຤ǹځคޔௗ ڙ੻ϐβӦޣǴ൩٬Ҕ၀πำ೛ࡼϐً፶ǵಭಬቻԏϐǶȩ߯βӦ܌ԖΓ܈٬Ҕ ΓǴӢࣁӦБࡹ۬܌ࣁϐϦӅπำࡌ೛ԶڙԖճ੻ਔǴᔈ൩ځڙԖճ੻ጄൎϣ๏ б࣬ჹൔၿǴឦܭڙ੻ॄᏼ5 πำڙ੻຤ӧमऍВ฻୯ǴςࣁӦБࡹ۬ᝢ௛࿶຤ϐख़ाٰྍǴՠѠ᡼ᗨς ݤڋϯǴՠځᕮਏόᄆǴ՞ྃΕКख़ࣗեȐ݅ᒴߪǴ1998Ǻ98ȑǶ௖૸চӢӵΠǺ ϐ΋ᅿǶ 1.ڙ੻ኧᚐᜤаዴჴຑ՗Ǻπำڙ੻຤ϐຑ՗٩Ᏽࣁڙ੻ำࡋǴՠڙ੻ำࡋᜤ а๊ჹ࠼ᢀຑ՗Ƕπำڙ੻຤߯җڙ੻ޣϩ៽၀ϦӅࡌ೛ϐԋҁǴՠڙԖճ ੻߯ܜຝЪค๊ჹ࠼ᢀϐᑽໆ኱ྗǴջ٬Ҟ߻πำڙ੻຤ቻԏచٯ܌ᔈҔޑ ຑ՗БԄǴҭᜤаၲډֹӄϦѳǶ 5_{Ҟ߻୯ϣπำڙ੻຤ӵӕิԏࢂҗิਈዽቻೀวൂቻԏǴோӢځቻԏჹຝߚ΋૓୯҇ǴЪځቻ} ԏҞޑ߯ࣁϩᏼπำ຤ҔǴߚЍᔈ΋૓଄ࡹҞޑǴΞ୯ৎԖගٮ๏бࣁ߻ගǴߚคచҹፐቻǴ ࡺπำڙ੻຤ϐ܄፦ᔈߚิਈ܈੝ձิፐǴԶࢂڙ੻ॄᏼȐ஭ণᄪǴ2007Ǻ36ȑǶ

2.ڙ੻ЬᡏᜤаղۓǺπำڙ੻຤ߚჹ΋૓҇౲ፐቻǴԶ߯ڙ੻ޣб຤Ǵՠڙ ੻ЬᡏࠅᜤаղۓǶҬ೯ၮᒡڀϦӅճ੻Ǵՠᎃ߈ۚ҇ࠅߚ๊ჹڙ੻ǴϸԶ ёૈܭࡼπύڙᏓॣ܈ޜ਻Ԧࢉ฻ཞ্Ǵ܈ܭֹπࡕڙҬ೯Ᏹᔒᆶޜ਻ǵᏓ ॣԦࢉ܌্Ƕڙ੻ޣᔈࣁ೯ՉޣǴՠ೯தᜤаӛځቻԏǶ 3.ڙ੻ॄᏼቻԏ֚ᜤǺӢϦӅࡌ೛πำԶڙ੻ϐ܌ԖΓǴӧ҂р୧౽ᙯځ଄ౢ ਔǴࠅ٣Ӄӛځा؃ڙ੻ॄᏼǴჴԖ՟Яӧځ҂ڙԖճ੻߻ा؃Ӄᅰက୍Ǵ ܰ೷ԋ҇౲לܔЈᄊǴᏤठπำڙ੻຤ቻԏ֚ᜤǶ ΢ॊচӢӧӦБࡹ۬۔঩Ǵ୷ܭ૸ӳ҇ཀϷᒧ౻ᓸΚΠȐ݅ᒴߪǴ1998Ǻ96ȑǴ ܭ 1987 ԃஒπำڙ੻຤ቻԏచٯಃΒచπำڙ੻຤ቻԏΠज़ԭϩϐΟΜϖޑೕ ۓϒаڗ੃Ǵ٬ளπำڙ੻຤ቻԏచٯ׎ӕڀЎǶջԖϦӅπำ҂Ѹቻԏπำڙ ੻຤ǴᏤठҞ߻ӧӦБᑜѱπำڙ੻຤൳ЯࢂೀܭଶቻރᄊȐᇳඦమǵ໳܃ᓉǴ 2002ǹමሎు฻Ǵ2003Ǻ12ȑǶᗨӧӦБ଄ࡹදၹ֚ึϐ௃ݩΠǴቻԏπำڙ੻ ຤ǴԖշܭӦБ଄ࡹԾЬ܄ගଯǶՠҞ߻୯ϣӢࣁ҇ཀᓸΚΠǴ٬ளπำڙ੻຤ ቻԏ֚ᜤǴᜤаբࣁԖਏϐ଄୍ᐒڋǶ Βǵ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈ ਥᏵȠ೿ѱीฝݤȡಃΎΜΎచ6 җܭ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈሡќаݤࡓܴुϐǴҞ߻ӢߔΚࣗӭᜤаլܺǴᏤठᜤаࡼ ՉǶᗨฅǴ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈӵπำڙ੻຤Ǵឦڙ੻ॄᏼǴՠҗܭ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈҁيԖิ ΢уิϐ༮ǴܰᏤठ҇౲ϸቸǴᜤаࡌҥԖਏϐ଄୍ᐒڋǶ ǴӦБࡹ۬ளа೿ѱࡌ೛ਈᝢ௛଄ྍǶ೿ ѱࡌ೛ਈ߯ࣁගٮԖीฝϐ೿ѱࡌ೛୍ܺǴ୷ܭڙ੻চ߾ᆶ٬Ҕޣб຤চ߾Ǵӛ ٦ڙ೿ѱࡌ೛ճ੻ޑ҇౲܌ԏڗޑ຤ҔȐಷᑣ๮Ǵ1997Ǻ302ȑǶ Οǵऍ୯ิߎቚᚐᑼၗڋࡋȐTIFȑ

TIF ЬाᆒઓࣁȨ஑ී஑ҔȩǴཀջஒᖐ໸Ѝрᆶᓭ໸ԏΕՍೱǴ٬଄୍ԏ ЍჹᆀǶTIF ܭ TOD ೕჄǵࡌ೛߃යǴջёճҔ TIF ໸چ܈ TIF ୷ߎǴаϷᒿ ԏᒿб฻ TIF ၗߎၮҔБԄᙖаᑼၗǴ٠ᷤݙԿҬ೯ࡌ೛Ƕό཮٬଄୍ᄫఎၸܭ ໼௹ܭ໸୍य़ǴዴჴၲډԏЍѳᑽਏ݀ǴԶόሡ٩ᒘύѧံշǴΞ TOD ܌೷ԋ ϐቚॶճ੻ϒаᘜϦǴࡺڀ଄୍Ϧѳ܄ǶќѦǴTIF ஑ී஑ҔǴҬϒ TIF ஑ೢᐒ 6_{ӦБࡹ۬ϷໂǵᙼǵᑜᗄѱϦ܌ࣁჴࡼ೿ѱीฝ܌ሡ࿶຤ǴᔈаѰӈӚීᝢ௛ϐǺ} ΋ǵጓӈԃࡋႣᆉǶ ϖǵύѧ܈ᑜࡹ۬ϐံշǶ Βǵπำڙ੻຤ϐԏΕǶ Ϥǵځдᒤ౛೿ѱीฝ٣཰ϐࣦᎩǶ ΟǵβӦቚॶิ೽ϩԏΕϐගኘǶ Ύǵ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈϐԏΕǶ ѤǵدΓიᡏϐਈ᝘Ƕ ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈϐቻԏǴќаݤࡓۓϐǶ

ᜢǴஒβӦิቚᚐբࣁҬ೯ࡌ೛ၗߎǴԶߚᛦϒচቻԏᐒᜢϩණ׫ၗǶкϩ๏ϒ TOD ΋ᛙۓၗߎٰྍǴόڙࡹ۬ࡹ฼ቹៜǴڀԖ଄୍ᐒڋനख़ाޑᛙۓ܄Ƕ ൩଄୍ਏ౗܄ϩ݋ǴTIF ٠όឦܭᚐѦቻԏǴҭߚཥቚิॄǴԶࢂஒ҂ٰβ ӦิϐቚᚐǴග߻ၮҔǴឦܭ଄ࡹπڀǴԶคߟ্Γ҇៾ճϐᅪቾǶځԾᓭ߯а TOD ೿ѱว৖ϐิԏࣁၗߎǴԶߚӛ҇౲ቻԏཥิ܈ගଯิ౗Ǵ٠೸ၸิԏख़ ϩଛБԄၲԋǶTIF ߯ڀԖѳ֡Ӧ៾ᅍሽᘜϦᆒઓǴஒ҂ٰҗܭϦӅࡌ೛܈ޗ཮ ว৖܌ቚуϐӦચǴϒаᅍሽᘜϦ٠җޗ཮Ӆ٦ǶЪ໻ࢂа҂ٰิߎቚᚐբࣁᏼ ߥԶϒаᑼၗǴ٠ߚӛ҇౲ቻԏཥิǴҭߚቚуิ୷ǴԶ TIF ߯а܌Ԗ៾Γ଄ౢ ቚॶำࡋፐቻǴёଞჹิ፟ૈΚԶԖόӕำࡋፐቻǴаӦሽቚᚐीᆉၨࣁϦѳǴ ࡺၨό཮Ꮴठ҇౲ϸቸԶਏ౗եပǶ җ΢ॊӚᐒڋϐКၨϩ݋่݀ᡉҢǴπำڙ੻຤ӢࡹݯԵໆԶӭೀଶቻރ ᄊǹ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈ߾Ԗิ΢уิᅪቾǴࡺϦѳ܄ᆶਏ౗܄ৡǶӢԜǴࣁᄇۭပჴሽ ॶӣԏᐒڋǴёࡘԵၮҔऍ୯ TIF ᐒڋǴ၂კа TIF ᐒڋڗж٠բࣁ୯ϣҞ߻а βӦ໒วਏ੻ᷤݙҬ೯ࡌ೛ϐЬाᐒڋǶԶ൩Ϧѳ܄ᆶਏ౗܄௖૸ࡕǴว౜ TIF ٠ߚᚐѦቻิǴ٠ёၲډᅍሽᘜϦϐਏ݀ǴόԿቹៜ҇౲៾੻Զ೷ԋלݾǴࡺ௢ Չڀਏ౗܄ǹԶ TIF ิԏٰྍȐβӦิǵᔼ཰ิǵ٬Ҕ຤฻ȑᆶ໸୍మᓭȐTIF ໸چǵ୷ߎ฻ȑࣣڀӭϡϯБԄǴӢԶ٬ӦБࡹ۬όሡ܈෧Ͽ٩ᒘံշǴԶၲډ Ϧѳ܄Ƕ

ഌǵ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼

TOD ᑫࡌԋҁЍрᚳεЪӣԏයߏǴ೿ѱ଄ࡹᜤаॄᏼǴฅԶǴTOD ܌೷ ԋϐό୏ౢቚॶਏ੻ࠅҗڬᜐβӦ܌Ԗ៾ΓԏڗǴ׎ԋࡹ۬ᆶ҇໔ϐҁ੻ϩଛό ჹᆀୢᚒǶ҂ٰ TOD ว৖฼ౣऩा໩ճပჴǴ߾ᔈࡌҥ΋঺ቚॶӣ㎸ϐ଄୍ᐒ ڋǴஒ TOD ܌ߦԋϐ೿ѱว৖࿶ᔮਏ੻ǵβӦ໒วճ੻ϒаӣԏǶ୯Ѧ TIF ڋ ࡋࢂ΋ςቶݱၮҔϐቚॶӣ㎸ᐒڋǴ߯ஒ TOD ܌ߦԋϐό୏ౢቚॶ೽ϩᙯϯࣁ ิߎቚᚐǴஒ၀ቚᚐӣ㎸Կ TOD ໒วύǶՠᢀϐ୯ϣࠅϝ҂Ԗᑈཱུϐӣ㎸ᐒڋǴ πำڙ੻຤ǵ೿ѱࡌ೛ਈ฻ᐒڋࣣӢϦѳ܄ᆶਏ౗܄ڙ፦ᅪǴԶᜤаวචԋਏǶ Ԗ᠘ܭԜǴҁࣴزୖԵऍ୯ TIF ڋࡋǴ၂კஒ TOD ೿ѱว৖܌ߦԋϐβӦ ໒วԏ੻Ǵᷤݙ TOD ೕჄǵࡌ೛ԋҁǴஒᖐ໸Ѝрᆶᓭ໸ԏΕϒаೱ่аၲԾ ᓭǶவ୯ѦӚࠤѱϐჴࡼ࿶ᡍǴᡉҢ TIF ዴჴวචځ଄୍фૈǴ٠ၲډӆว৖ϐ Ҟ኱Ƕࡺ҂ٰ୯ϣҭёஒ TOD ໒วᆶ TIF ࣬ϕ่ӝǴ׎ԋ΋ቚॶӣ㎸଄୍ᐒڋǴ วචȨڙ੻б຤ȩᆶȨᅍሽᘜϦȩϐᆒઓǴаȨ஑ී஑ҔȩБԄၲډ଄୍ԾᓭǶ

ୖԵЎ᝘

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