ϒࢬ༥ᇠ̝ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭ
ዒүሇ1 Ϯ̂ځ2 ӓޙپ1
1̂ཧ̂ጯ፟ୠᄃҋજ̼̍ጯր 2઼֨̂ጯ̚ϒந̍ጯੰૄᖂኝጯր
ၡ! ࢋ
дְ֘߇̚ࢷމຫ๋ــߏጱᚑࢦצ๋ࠤҌѪ˸ĂЯѩଣְ֘߇
̚ࢷࣶ̝ຫ๋ĂߏЧ̂֘ᇄͽ̈́ঐ۰ᙯ͕۞ᛉᗟĄᐌཝ۞൴णĂӀϡѣ ࢨ̮৵ඈᇴࣃ̶ژ͞ڱሀᑢᑝ၁រਕՀซ˘Վ༼࠷јώĄώኢ͛ᖣϤѣࢨ̮
৵̶ژё LS-DYNA ޙၹᇴࣃˠઊሀݭͽആѪގᄃ၁រˠઊĂֶ֭ፂ઼࡚
FMVSS 49 CFR PART 572E ७ϒ၁រఢቑֽរᙋˠઊᇴࣃሀݭĂͷซ˘Վᄃ၁ រˠઊࣃซҖͧྵĄώኢ͛ޙϲ̝ѣࢨ̮৵ϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊሀݭĂΞᑕϡٺ֘ዃ ϒࢬ༥ᇠ۞̶ژ̍˯Ăͽଣ֘ዃְ߇̚ˠវ۞જၗͅᑕ̈́ຫ̶๋ژĂ֭Ξ ͽүࠎ֘ዃඕၹԼ։̈́щБ᜕֨੨౯ࡁ൴۞ણ҂̈́֘ዃϒࢬ༥ᇠ࠹ᙯڱఢ̝
ࢎؠĄ
ᙯᔣෟĈϒࢬ༥ᇠăˠઊሀݭăѣࢨ̮৵Ą
A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR A FRONTAL IMPACT DUMMY
Tso-Liang Teng1 Ta-Ming Shih2 Chien-Chang Wu1
1Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Da-Yeh University
Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C.
2Department of Basic Course Chung Cheng Institute of Technology
Taoyuan, Taiwan 335, R.O.C.
Key Words: frontal collision, numerical dummy, finite element.
ABSTRACT
Traffic accidents are a danger to man's safety, life and health, as well as causing great losses to mankind. Injury prevention therefore is useful and significant for its relation to the happiness of each individual, and family in a safe and sound society. In recent years, the rapid advance of computer technology has enabled mathematicians, engineers and scientists to make significant progress in the solution of previously intractable problems. The numerical simulations of crashes provide a valuable tool for automotive engineers. The purpose of this study is to explore frontal collision phenomena by using LS-DYNA finite element code and a Hybrid III deformable dummy model. The Hybrid III finite element model is verified by the FMVSS 49 CFR PART 572E for occupant safety rule. This model can be used to analyze the dynamic response and injury to occupants in collisions. These results can be useful for evaluation of crash safety of a vehicle and for the design of new occupant restraint devices.
˘ă݈! ֏
ְ֘߇ጱࢷމצ๋ٕѪ˸ࠎЧ̂֘ᇄᄃঐ۰
ٙᙯ͕̝ᛉᗟĂТॡ၆ٺԼච֘ዃඕၹనࢍĂࢫҲࢷމצ
๋Հߏ͵ࠧЧ઼ᄃՠ֘̍ຽ˘̂߄ጼĄለă࡚Аซ઼छд ੫၆֘ዃᇠᑝᄃˠវຫ̶๋ژ̝ࡁտ˯ĂӮјϲ၁֘༥ᇠ ၁រވซҖ၁֘༥ᇠྏរĂͽ၁ᅫ˞ྋ֘ዃᇠᑝ̝ඕڍĂ
֭үࠎෞҤᄃᆧซՠ᜕֘֨ඕၹщБّ̝ણ҂Ăٙਈϡ
̝јώ̙ٙྦྷͷ၁֘ٚצᇠᑝޢ̏ڱࢦኑֹϡĄࠎ˞
ซ˘Վ༼࠷၁រགྷĂ઼࡚ҹઙՠ̳֘Φٺ 1971 ѐ൴ णέ֘ᑝ၁រވĂέ֘ᑝ၁រߏ˘ሀᑢ၁֘ϒШ݈
ᇠٕޢᇠ۞၁រĂࢋϡٺᝥؠࢷࣶᐝăᐚăඈЧొ̶
۞צ๋ଐԛͽ̈́щБ۞ၚّ˧ീྏщБঈᝃඈ֘ዃ щБᅃӄ᜕ܲր۞నࢍĂͽആ၁֘༥ᇠ၁រĂᔵέ
֘ᑝ၁រΞѣड़ሀᑢ၁֘༥ᇠඕڍĂన౯ٙјώ
̪ا̙˭Ąͽ༥ᇠ၁រ̝̚ࢷࣶ҃֏Ăѝഇࠎ˞ଣˠ វຫ๋ӮͽѪގആৌˠଂְ༥ᇠ၁រĂ̝ٙඕڍᄃ၁ ᅫٙ൴Ϡ̝֘ˠវຫ๋Ϻܧ૱˘ĂѪގֽ̙Ϻᒔ
ͷڱࢦኑֹϡĂϺ̙ˠϲಞЯ҃ܜഇצז઼ᅫˠ
םົԩᛉĄ߇д҂ณˠϲಞĂѝഇ઼࡚۩၁រވࠎ
൴णਝ۩ጡ۞ᇅडϠր҃ฟ൴ീྏ Hybrid ၁រˠ ઊĂ҃ҋ 1960 ѐ઼࡚ଳϡീྏ Hybrid ၁រˠઊആ
Ѫގ၁រֽෞҤ֘ዃᇠᑝ၁រ̚ࢷމצ๋۞ޘĂͷᐌ
ࡊԫ൴णˠઊᇹώ̏གྷ። Hybrid IăATD502ăHybrid IIăHybrid III ඈαĂ̝ٙඕڍᄃ၁ᅫ֘ຫ๋ܧ૱˘
ĂͷՀࠎ઼࡚ՠ֘̍םົ(science automobile engine- eringćSAE)ᄃ઼࡚ᓑ֣፟જ֘ዃщБᇾ(federal motor vehicle safety standardsćFMVSS)ٙତצĄ͍ Hybrid III 50%၁រˠઊߏአߤࢍ઼࡚շّπӮវݭࠎૄٙޙ ၹĂ̏ࠎՠ֘̍ຽଂְշّјˠዼዺᇠᑝ̶ژᄃຫ̶๋ژ
̝ࢋ၁រˠઊĄᐌՠ֘̍ຽ۞൴णᄃ၆֘ዃщБᅮՐ
۞̙ᕝ೩̿ĂГΐ˯ཝࡊԫ۞൴णඈඈѣӀ۞୧І˭Ă
ֹཝᅃӄ̶̍ژ͞ڱ̙ᕝࡎࢳซĂјࠎ൴णՠ֘
̍ຽ̈́੨౯யຽ̝υ౯̍Ă߇Ӏϡѣࢨ̮৵ඈᇴࣃ̶ژ
͞ڱሀᑢᇠᑝྏរ̈́ޙၹˠઊਕՀซ˘Վ༼࠷јώ֭ࣘᜪ ˠϲಞĄҭтңޙၹ˘ϒቁͷৌ၁۞ᇴࣃˠઊሀݭࠎซ Җ֘ዃᇠᑝ̝ˠវજၗҖࠎᄃຫ̶๋ژ̝ࢵࢋ̍үĂޙၹ
̝ᇴࣃሀݭੵΞആ၁រˠઊγՀΞЪˠវৌ၁જၗͅ
ᑕᄃຫ๋ଐԛĄ
˘ਠޙၹ̝ˠઊᇴࣃሀݭΞ̶ࠎّࣣᄃΞតԛˠઊ
ć၆ٺّࣣˠઊ҃֏ĂБ֗ˠઊ̝Մफ़ّኳᛳّࣣ
Մफ़Ăٺ༥ᇠ࿅̚ڱயϠតԛĂ่ਕณീᐝొᄃొ
̝ΐిޘࣃĂᄃˠᙷ̝পّमளྵ̂ć၆ٺΞតԛˠઊ҃
֏ĂˠវᐪొЊ̝Մफ़ّኳᛳّࣣՄफ़ĂϩቲొЊ̝
Մफ़ّኳᛳᇅّՄफ़ٕᕆᇅّՄफ़Ă่̙ΞϤΐిఢ̚ณ
ീזΐిޘĂՀਕଂϩቲγᆸ̚ณീצ˧̝̂̈̈́ត ԛณĂซ˘ՎΞӀϡٙณീ̝ˠઊЧొҜΐిޘࣃ̈́តԛ ณᒢྋࢷމొҜᖎٽຫ๋ᇾ̈́၁ᅫຫ๋ଐԛĄ઼̰γ࠹
ᙯ֘ዃ༥ᇠᄃˠវຫ̶๋ژඈ࠹ᙯᇴࣃሀᑢࡁտ͞ࢬтĈ 1963 ѐĂMcHenry[1]ޙϲ˞˘࣎˛ҋϤޘ۞˟ჯᇴጯሀݭ
ֽೡ֘ዃࢷࣶд֘ዃְ߇̚۞ҖࠎĄ1970 ѐĂRobbins
Roberts[2]ඈࢵАޙϲ˘˩˟ҋϤޘ۞ˬჯᇴጯሀݭֽ
ೡࢷࣶ۞જၗĄ1991 ѐĂ̍ຽԫఙࡁտੰ፟ୠ̍ຽࡁտ
ٙเ͵ᘞ[3]Ӏϡۺͩ͞ёᒔˠ֘༥ᇠր۞ଠט͞
ёĂ֭ᆷјዋٺཝՐྋ۞ྻზڱĂͽαลᜋൣऱ྿
͞ڱĂՐΐిޘࣃĂͽ೩ֻՠ֘నࢍ۰ԼචඕၹщБ̝
ણ҂Ą1997 ѐĂెϥ̂ጯૺ[4]Ӏϡ 17 ࣎۳វ̶߱
ј۞кវજ˧րޙၹˬޘ۩ม̝ˠវሀݭĂ֭Ӏϡۺͩ
ڱጱˠវሀݭצ˧үϡ۞ۺͩજ˧ጯ͞ёĂԆјࢍზ
፟ёϡֽሀᑢٕീˠវ۞જ˧ྻજҖࠎĄ1990 ѐĂ Otte[5]Ӏϡ MADYMO-3D ̶ژహវซҖ̙Тᇠᑝᙷݭ̝
ְ֘߇ሀᑢĂଣࢷމᄃՠ̰֘྅̝࠹̢༥ᇠΞਕצ๋
Ѻ̶ͧĄ1991 ѐĂDeng[6]Ӏϡ CAL3D ̶ژహវĂͽ 30mph
۞ిޘซҖέ֘ᘭ˯щБϒࢬᇠᑝّࣣᒒ̝ሀᑢĂଣ
щБצ˧̂̈̈́ࢷމЧొҜצ๋̝ΐిޘࣃĄ1993 ѐĂ Brian ඈˠ[7]ଳϡѣࢨ̮৵̶ژహវ OASYS DYNA3D ซ Җ༥ᇠ̶ژሀᑢĂଣ֘វඕၹЧొҜਕณӛќ̈́ˠវצ
๋Ă೩ֻ̍रүࠎ֘វඕၹనࢍԼ։̝ણ҂Ą1995 ѐĂ Lin ඈˠ[8]Ӏϡ PAM-CRASH ѣࢨ̮৵̶ژహវĂଣщ БᄃщБঈᝃТॡٲՁˠઊ̝જၗࡁտĂଣщБצ
˧̂̈̈́ࢷމЧొҜצ๋̝ΐిޘࣃĄ1995 ѐĂNilson ඈ ˠ[9]Ӏϡ MADYMO ̶ّࣣژహវĂͽ 40ă50ă60mph
۞ిޘซҖέ֘҂ᇋщБϒࢬᇠᑝّࣣᒒ̝ሀᑢĂଣ
щБצ˧̂̈̈́ࢷމЧొҜצ๋̝ΐిޘࣃĄ1997 ѐ Moss Huang[10]൴णАซΞតԛ Hybrid III 50%ˠઊѣ ࢨ̮৵ሀݭĂԆјˠវᐝొར˭ሀᑢăᐚొᇦѡሀᑢă
ొᕚᔧሀᑢ̈́ተొᕚᔧᇠᑝሀᑢĂซ҃Ӏϡ LS-DYNA3D ѣࢨ̮৵̶ژహវซҖ 30mph ిޘ˭έ֘ᑝྏរ̝ሀ ᑢĂଣˠវЧొҜຫ๋ޘĄ1996 ѐĂMarzougui ඈˠ [11]ֶፂ Ford Taurus ՠ֘ FE ሀݭăHybrid III ၁រˠઊ̈́
ዼዺщБঈᝃĂଳϡѣࢨ̮৵హវ LS-DYNA ซҖ 30mph
۞ిޘϒࢬᇠᑝّࣣᅪᘣۏ̝ሀᑢĄ2000 ѐĂSteffan[12]
Ӏϡ MADYMO ̶ژహវĂͽ 20mph ۞ిޘซҖέ֘ᘭ˯
щБϒࢬᇠᑝّࣣᒒ̝ሀᑢĂଣщБצ˧̂̈̈́ࢷ މЧొҜצ๋̝ΐిޘࣃĂ֭ሀᑢ࿅ᄃ၁រˠઊ̝έ
֘ᑝྏរซҖˠઊજၗҖࠎͧ၆Ą1993 ѐĂ̚ϒ̂ጯ ᔁྈم[13]ӀϡཝሀᑢԫμĂͽֹ̈́ϡཝొᑅ˧צޘ (BPT)༊ү˘࣎ᇾֽᑒӄՠ֘నࢍ۰ෞҤ֘វ̰ొ༥ ᇠ̝ࢷ᜕ࣶܲĄ1994 ѐĂјΑ̂ጯѦઉ[14]ሀᑢՠ֘צ זֽҋޢ͞۞༥ᇠॡĂࢷࣶдՠܑ̰֘ٙன۞જၗͅ
ᑕĄ1994 ѐĂ̚ϒ̂ጯች͛ᅾ[15]Ӏϡ Hybrid III ᑝˠ ઊѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭٺέ֘ᑝ၁រĂ֭ͽ LS-DYNA3D ѣ ࢨ̮৵̶ژహវሀᑢྍˠઊ۞જၗͅᑕĄ1995 ѐдј Α̂ጯϒᄼ[16]ͽѣࢨ̮৵హវֽሀᑢ༊ՠ֘צזֽ
ҋ݈͞༥ᇠॡˠវ۞જၗͅᑕ۞ېڶĂ֭ᖣϤѣࢨ̮৵ ڱ۞ֹϡĂଣд݈ᇠॡˠវटٽצ๋۞ొҜĄ1995
ѐĂ̚ϒ̂ጯᏥ̂ᚈ[17]Ăੵ˞ؼᜈች͛ᅾ۞ࡁտĂΩγ ᆧΐ˞щБঈᝃ۞જၗሀᑢ̶̈́ژĄ2002 ѐĂ̚ϒந̍
ۧ͛[18]ͽ DYTRAN ѣࢨ̮৵̶ژёĂሀᑢέ֘
ᑝྏរࣣ̚វ Hybrid III ˠઊͅᑕજၗĂଣˠវᐝăᐚ
ొຫ๋۞̶ژĄ
ࠎ˞ྋְ֘߇ٙጱˠវ̝ຫ๋֭ѣड़Լච֘ዃ ඕၹనࢍĂώࡁտߏͽְ֘߇̝̚ϒࢬᇠᑝүࠎࢋࡁ տ͞ШĂͷࠎ˞༼࠷၁រјώᄃ҂ณˠϲಞĂྻϡѣ ࢨ̮৵̶ژహវ LS-DYNA3D ޙၹˠઊሀݭആѪގᄃ၁ រˠઊĄᔵ઼̰γдᇴࣃˠઊ۞ࡁտ̏ѣкѐјڍĂҭ ߏтңޙϲ˘Հΐৌ၁ͷԆፋ̝ᇴࣃˠઊሀݭֶߏ࠹ᙯ ࡁտ፟ၹᄃˠࣶӅ˧۞ϫᇾĄ߇ώኢ͛ტЪ͛ᚥٙ೩ֻ۞
ˠઊՄफ़ᄃనؠĂ֭གྷϤᄃ઼γ࠹ᙯԫఙˠࣶࡁտኢĂ
ࢵАޙၹϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭĂͷࠎቁؠٙޙၹ̝
ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭΞܫޘĂֶፂ઼࡚ˠઊ७ϒ၁រఢቑ
̝ FMVSS 49 CFR PART 572E ֽរᙋᇴࣃˠઊሀݭ̝ᐝ
ొăొ̈́ተొߏӎᄃ၁រˠઊࣃ˘Ăͽ೩ֻଂְՠ֘
༥ᇠ̝֘ᇄٕ࠹ᙯീྏ፟ၹүࠎᇴࣃሀᑢ̝̍Ąώኢ͛
ٙޙϲ̝ѣࢨ̮৵ϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊሀݭĂΞᑕϡٺ֘ዃϒࢬ ༥ᇠ۞̶ژ̍˯Ăͽଣ֘ዃְ߇̚ˠវ۞જၗͅᑕ̈́
ຫ̶๋ژĂ֭Ξͽүࠎ֘ዃඕၹԼ։̈́щБ᜕֨੨౯ࡁ൴
۞ણ҂̈́֘ዃϒࢬ༥ᇠ࠹ᙯڱఢ̝ࢎؠĄ
˟ăϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭ
ώࡁտٙืޙϲ۞ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭܼͽৌ၁ Hybrid III 50%ˠઊ۞γԛࠎૄᖂĂޙၹՄफ़ّኳăᛳّᄃᙯ༼
পّඈඈĂд̮৵ᄃՄफ़̝Ᏼؠ˯Ăֹٙϡ̝నؠт˭Ĉ
1. Մफ़Ᏼፄ
LS-DYNA3D ёጾѣ࿅ 140 Մफ़ሀݭྤफ़ऱĂ ΞϤֹϡ۰ֶયᗟ̶ژ̝ᅮࢋֽᏴϡዋЪ̝Մफ़Ăώࡁտ
ٙଳϡ̝Մफ़т˭Ĉ(˘)ᇅّՄफ़Ăϡٺആˠវహ
ᖐ̈́ϩቲĄ(˟)ّࣣՄफ़ĂϡٺആˠវᐝĄ(ˬ)ᕆᇅّ
Մफ़Ăϡٺആˠវహᖐ̈́ϩቲĄ(α)ҲޘڽജՄफ़Ă ϡٺആˠវϩቲĄ
2. ̮৵̝నؠ
၁រˠઊ̝ᐝొЊߏͽ᐀ֽആˠវᐝĂ҃ѣࢨ
̮৵ˠវᐝߏͽˣ࣎༼ᕇ̝វ̮৵ٙјĂ֭ଳϡޮ
ؠᑕ˧វ̮৵(constant stress solid element)үࠎពّ᎕
̶ྻზ̝ૄᖂĂҋϤޘ̝నؠࠎ 3 ࣎ҜொҋϤޘĄ҃၁ រˠઊ̝γొᇅّវߏͽዞֽആˠវహᖐ̈́ϩቲĂ҃
ѣࢨ̮৵ˠវγొᇅّវߏଳϡ Lagrangian ഥ̮৵Ăֽሀ ᑢˠઊજၗͅᑕĂԛېࠎα༼ᕇαᙝԛ̮৵Ăѣ 3 ࣎π
ொҋϤޘᄃ 3 ࣎ᖼҋϤޘĂଳϡ̝̮৵ّኳѣͽ˭
Ĉ(˘)Belyschko-Tsay ഥ̮৵Ĉ̮৵᎕̶ᕇд̚มĂਕٚ
צᝈѡҖࠎ˯۞តԛĄ(˟)Hughes-Liu ഥ̮৵Ĉ̮৵˯̝
ဦ 1 Ξតԛ Hybrid III 50%ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭ
ݓޘΞ̙πӮĄ
ώኢ͛ޙϲ̝ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭࢍѣ 111 ࣎І (part)ă3864 ࣎វ̮৵ă1788 ࣎ഥ̮৵̈́ 26 ࣎ሇ̮৵Ă
ೀңሀݭтဦ 1ĄϤٺˠઊ̂ొЊՄफ़ّኳੵّࣣՄफ़ γĂᔘΒ߁ᕆᇅّՄफ़ăҲޘڽജՄफ़ăᇅّՄफ़Ą ၆ٺˠઊٙనؠّ̝ࣣІд CAE ̶ژ̚૱ᅮࢋᖣϤࣣ
វྻજĂͽᖎ̼ኑᗔۏநҖࠎćٺ LS-DYNA ̚Ăٙనؠ
۞ࣣវᖼคҜཉࠎࣣវ۞ኳ͕Ă̚۞ XCăYCăZC ࠎᖼ͕ٙ̚дҜཉĂӈᖼค఼࿅۞г͞(̰ؠኳ͕)Ă
IXX~IZZ ࠎࣣវኳ͕Ҝཉ࠹၆ٺᖼ͕̚۞ၚّĄЧ
ొҜᄲځт˭Ą (˘) ᐝొ
ᐝొϤᐝăᐝొγొ̈́ΐిఢඈˬ࣎ІٙјĂ дѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯ߏͽّࣣՄफ़ֽആ၁រˠઊ
̰ᆸ۞ᝤዞĂ̈́ͽᕆᇅّՄफ़ֽആγొΒᖬ۞˙
ૄĄᐝొሀݭВѣ 633 ࣎༼ᕇᄃ 297 ࣎វ̮৵Ăֽ
ሀᑢৌ၁ˠᙷᐝొ۞ೀңγԛăࢦณăၚّᄃϠۏ
˧ጯҖࠎĄдᐝొࢦ͕నཉ˘࣎ΐిఢĂϡֽณീ
ᐝొ̝ΐిޘࣃᄃᐝొצ๋ࣃĄ (˟) ᐚొ
ᐚొϤ˩˟࣎ІٙјĂдѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯ߏ ͽّࣣՄफ़ֽആ၁រˠઊ̰ᆸ۞ዞኳሹĂͽᕆᇅ
ّՄफ़ֽആ˚ૄᇅّវĂ̈́ͽᇅّՄफ़ֽആᐚొ
̚δࡍ࿅۞᐀୧ĄᐚొሀݭВѣ 2,658 ࣎༼ᕇă1391
࣎វ̮৵ă22 ࣎ሇ̮৵̈́ 180 ࣎ഥ̮৵Ăֽሀᑢˠ ᙷᐚొдצٛ˧ăᑅ˧ăᝈѡ˧̈́ҩण˧ॡ̝̙Тૻ
ޘĄ (ˬ) ˯ᖻ
˯ᖻϤ˩ˣ࣎ІٙјĂдѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯
ߏͽّՄफ़ֽആ၁រˠઊ̰ᆸ۞҈ĂͽّࣣՄ फ़ֽആᄃਖĂ̈́ͽҲޘڽജՄफ़ֽആΒ
ᖬдγ۞ϩᆸᖐĄ˭ᖻሀݭВѣ 4,547 ࣎༼ᕇă ᄃ 561 ࣎វ̮৵ă1,096 ࣎ഥ̮৵̈́ 3 ࣎ሇ̮৵Ąд
ొ۞ࢦ͕నཉ˘࣎ΐిఢᄃҜொຏᑕጡĂϡֽณ
ീొ۞ΐిޘᄃొצ๋ࣃ̈́࠹၆ਖഛҜொ۞
តԛณĄ (α) ˭ᖻ
˭ᖻϤ˩˟࣎ІٙјĂдѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯
ߏͽّࣣՄफ़ֽആ၁រˠઊ̰ᆸ۞ཕഛሹăሹĂ ͽᕆᇅّՄफ़ֽആΒᖬдγ۞ཕഛϩᆸᖐĄ̈́ͽ ҲޘڽജՄफ़ֽആΒᖬдཕొγ۞ϩᆸᖐĂ˭
ᖻሀݭВѣ 1,278 ࣎༼ᕇă509 ࣎វ̮৵̈́ 266
࣎ഥ̮৵Ąд࠴ࢦ͕ܢܕనѣˬ࣎ΐిఢĂϡֽ
ณീ࠴۞ΐిޘĄ (̣) ˯α۳
˯α۳Ϥ˩α࣎ІٙјĂдѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯
ߏͽّࣣՄफ़ֽആ၁រˠઊ̰ᆸ۞˯͘ᓖă˭͘
ᓖă͘ೠඈᐝĂ̈́ͽᇅّՄफ़ֽആΒᖬд͘ొγ
۞ϩᆸᖐĄ˯α۳ሀݭВѣ 772 ࣎༼ᕇ̈́ 230 ࣎
វ̮৵̈́ 176 ࣎ഥ̮৵Ą (̱) ˭α۳
˭α۳Ϥ˩̱࣎ІٙјĂдѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯
ߏͽّࣣՄफ़ֽആ၁រˠઊ̰ᆸ۞̂ჿă̈ჿăተ ᄏăཙೠඈᐝĂ̈́ͽᇅّՄफ़ֽആΒᖬдჿొγ
۞ϩᆸᖐĄ˭α۳ሀݭВѣ 2,348 ࣎༼ᕇă876 ࣎
វ̮৵̈́ 88 ࣎ഥ̮৵Ąд̂ჿ̈́ተᄏӮѣనཉຏᑕጡ ϡֽณീᇠᑝॡצ˧̂̈Ą
(˛) ˠઊᙯ༼̝ޙၹ
д LS-DYNA3D ̚ᙯ༼(joint)۞నؠĂᅮАдତᐝ۞
ҜཉؠཌྷԊొळᇾրĂүࠎࢍზІ۞જၗૄĄ
ֶ֭ѩळᇾրĂ̶Ҿдࣣ࣎វٙࢋాତ۞ତᐝ۞
Ҝཉనؠᗝγ༼ᕇĂӈயϠ࣎ᕇ۞ࢦᝑĂٙͽ
࣎ᕇд۩ม̙̚გтңொજౌົࢦᝑд˘ćΩЯ
నؠ͞ёߏͽᗝγ༼ᕇֽઇؠཌྷĂٙͽ࣎ІӮਕ ЧҋϲྻજĂ̙ົѣ࠹၆ྻજ۞ଐԛயϠĂӈߏ
࣎ІӮͽѩᙯ༼ࠎᖼᕇઇᖼĄ
ᙯ༼۞ᖼυืᏲೈ˘ؠ۞ఢቑĂдሀᑢᙯ༼ྻજΞ ડ̶̂ొЊĂ˘ߏϤྶѡቢ(load curve)ֽఢቑ
࣎І̝มצ۞˧ᄃ࠹၆ᖼ֎дφăΘăΨ ค۞၆ ᑕᙯܼĂТॡĂϺ၆ઃͤ֎ޘઇఢቑĂͽЪˠវᙯ
༼ྻજ۞ໂࢨ֎ޘĄ˟ߏдˠវᙯ༼྿זໂࢨ֎ޘ ޢĂ̪ΞЯᜈ۞צ˧ጱᙯ༼۞ЪޘனԊొ۞
ᇦّᑕតĂΞϤޢΗ߱۞ᇅّᑕ˧ૻޘֽઇࢨטĄϤ ٺྶѡቢΪ੫၆ొЊ۞ᙯ༼үԊొٲՁྻજ̝ؠ ཌྷĂనؠᙯ༼ొҜࢍѣ۷ࡨᙯ༼ă۷჻ᙯ༼ă͘
օᙯ༼ă។ᙯ༼ඈα࣎ĂͷٲՁ͞Шֶ၁ᅫˠវᖼ
ྻજֽޙၹĂ̙֭ߏдՏ˘࣎φăΘăΨ ค˯Ӯనؠ
ྶѡቢćዶተᙯ༼ăཙኺᙯ༼ăཕొᙯ༼ߏͽᖼ
֎ޘֽүؠཌྷĄLS-DYNA3D ٙ೩ֻ۞ତᐝԛёВѣ
̱ĂҋϤޘ۞ఢቑᄲځт˭Ĉ
(1) ېତᐝ(spherical joint)Ĉ࣎І̝ม۞ాତ
՟ѣҜொ۞ҋϤޘĂҭѣˬ࣎ᖼҋϤޘĄ (2) ংତᐝ(revolute joint)Ĉ࣎І̝ม۞ాତ՟ѣ
Ҝொ۞ҋϤޘĂҭѣ˘࣎ᖼҋϤޘĄ
(3) ߗତᐝ(cylindrical)Ĉ࣎І̝ม۞ాତ՟ѣ Ҝொ۞ҋϤޘĂΪѣಏ˘คШ۞Ҝொᄃᖼ۞ҋ ϤޘĄ
(4) πࢬତᐝ(planar joint)Ĉ࣎І̝มѣ˘ࢬߏღ ෭Ăٙͽѣ࣎Ҝொ۞ҋϤޘ̈́˘࣎ڱቢ͞Ш۞
ᖼҋϤޘĄ
(5) ༱෪ତᐝ(universal joint)Ĉ࣎࠹̢ݬۡ۞ংତᐝ
ాј˩фېĂٙాତ۞࣎І̝มѣ࣎
ᖼ۞ҋϤޘĄ
(6) Ҝொତᐝ(translation joint)Ĉᄃߗତᐝ࠹ҬĂѣ
˘࣎คШ۞ҜொҋϤޘĂҭ̙Т۞ߏѩତᐝ՟ѣ
ᖼҋϤޘĄ
дѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊޙၹ˯Вనؠα˩ˬ࣎༼ᕇĂሀᑢ ᙯ༼ݭၗ̶ࠎংତᐝ˩α࣎ăېତᐝ˟˩̱࣎̈́
Ҝொତᐝˬ࣎ඈˬᙷݭĂͽЪˠᙷৌ၁۞ྻજҖ ࠎĄͽ˭ಶЧొҜᙯ༼ྻજүᖎࢋ̝̬Ĉ
(1) ۷ొᙯ༼Ĉ۷ొᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ X คྻજĂ νăΠ۷ϒࢬШ˯ٶ̂֎ޘࠎ 150 ޘăШ ޢᕚ̂֎ޘࠎ 30 ޘĄ
(2) ۷჻ᙯ༼Ĉ۷჻ᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ XăYăZ ค
ྻજĂνăΠ۷дX ค͞ШĂϒࢬШ˯ٶ
̂֎ޘࠎ 150 ޘăШޢᕚ̂֎ޘࠎ 30 ޘćд Y คొЊĂνăΠ۷Ш̰̂ҩण֎ޘࠎ 45 ޘă Шγ̂ҩण֎ޘࠎ 135 ޘćд Z ค͞ࢬĂνă Π۷дࢬШ˯ٶ̂֎ޘࠎ 100 ޘĂШޢᕚ
̂֎ޘࠎ 5 ޘĄ
(3) ͘օᙯ༼Ĉ͘օᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ Z คྻજĂ νăΠօϒࢬШ˯ٶ̂֎ޘࠎ 120 ޘăШ ޢᕚ̂֎ޘࠎ 5 ޘĄ
(4) ඦᙯ༼Ĉ͘օᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ YăZ คྻજĂ νăΠඦдY ค͞ШĂ̰ăγᝈѡ̂֎ޘ Ӯࠎ 5 ޘćд Z ค͞ШĂνăΠඦഈ˯ᝈѡ
̂֎ޘ 5 ޘăഈγᝈѡ̂֎ޘ 30 ޘĄ
(5) ។ᙯ༼Ĉ͘។ᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ XăZ คྻજĂ νăΠ។дX ค͞ШĂϒࢬШ݈ᝈѡ̂֎
ޘࠎ 56.9 ޘăШޢᝈѡ̂֎ޘࠎ 40 ޘćд Z ค
͞ШĂνăΠ។ഈ̰ᝈѡ̂֎ޘ 20 ޘăഈγ ᝈѡ̂֎ޘ 50 ޘĄ
(6) ተᙯ༼Ĉተᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ Y คྻજĂνă ΠተϒࢬШ˯ᝈѡ̂֎ޘࠎ 90 ޘăШ˭ᝈѡ
̂֎ޘࠎ 45 ޘĄ
(7) ཙኺᙯ༼Ĉተᙯ༼ࢋߏٲՁˠઊ X คྻજĂνă ΠተϒࢬШ˯ᝈѡ̂֎ޘࠎ 20 ޘăШ˭ᝈѡ
̂֎ޘࠎ 50 ޘĄ
ˬăѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭ̝រᙋ
д࡚ఢ FMVSS 49 CFR PART 572E ̶ొ̚ఢؠĂ Hybrid III ၁រˠઊٺ၁រྏរ̝݈ĂᑕА၆ᐝొăᐚ
ొăొăተొซҖᇾྏរĂࢋՐ၁រˠઊЧ͞ࢬӮᑕ
Ъڱఢ۞ّਕᇾĄ߇ࠎซ˘Վቁؠѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊ̝Ξ ҖّĂώኢֶ͛ፂ၁រˠઊྏរڱఢ̝၁រᒖဩซҖˠઊ ሀᑢរᙋĂ֭ᄃ Khalil and Lin[19]̝၁រᇴፂซҖͧྵĄ ώ༼੫၆ˠઊᐝొར˭ሀᑢăᐚొᕚᓖᇠᑝăొᕚᔧ ᇠᑝăተొᕚᔧᇠᑝሀᑢរᙋซҖኢĄ
1. ᐝొར˭រᙋ
(˘) ྏរԔ̈́ఢቑ
ॲፂڱఢ۞ˠઊ७ϒԔĂᐝొར˭ྏរన౯ࢋ
Ӏϡ˘ޘአፋጡĂᐝొޘአፋҌᗓπࢬ᐀
ڕٙᅮ̝ᗓ 376mmĂ֭Ӏϡᘰ৶ᐝొؠҜĂֹᐝ
ొ݈ᗝҲᕇҲٺᆄ̄Ҳᕇ 12.7mmĂซҖᐝొར
˭ྏរĄ༊ᐝొᓁјଂ 376+1mm ޘར˭Ăᐝొщ
྅ΐిఢొҜ۞̂Ъјΐిޘ̙ᑕ̈ٺ 225GĂͷ̙
̂ٺ 275GĄྏរ̚۞ΐిޘॡมѡቢࠎಏपࣃĂТॡ
ܲᙋፖШΐిޘ̙࿅ 15GĂϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊ͞ѣ ϒቁّĄ
(˟) ᇴࣃ̶ژሀݭ
(1) ᒖဩ̝ޙၹĈࠎޙၹЪڱఢఢቑ̝ീྏᒖဩĂ ώࡁտˠઊሀݭொੵ̙υࢋ̝ІĂ˭ᐝొ
γొೀңăᐝăᐝొغሹăΐిఢඈα࣎І ซҖሀᑢĂᐝొγొϩᆸᖐٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّ
ኳࠎᕆᇅّՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎវ̮৵ćᐝ̈́ᐝొ
غሹٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎّࣣՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎវ
̮৵ćΐిఢٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎّࣣՄफ़Ăᛳ
ّࠎវ̮৵ćΩ၁រٙᅮ̝᐀ڕдሀᑢ˯ߏޙ ၹ˘࣎ഥ̮৵ĂՄफ़ّኳࠎّࣣՄफ़Ą (2) ᙝࠧ୧І̝నؠĈซҖᐝొར˭၁រٙᅮ̝ޘ
376mmĂӀϡҋϤརវ̳ёV= 2ghೱზᐝొତ ᛈזീྏπέ݈۞ܐిޘࠎ 2.714m/sćΩአፋˠ
ઊ݈ᗝҲᕇᄃᆄ̄Ҳᕇ࠹၆ޘࠎ 12.7mmĄ (3) ར˭ሀᑢĈֶፂޙၹԆј̝ሀᑢᒖဩᄃᙝࠧ୧
ІĂ֭ᇠᑝిޘᏮˢᐝొБሀᇠᑝ᐀ڕĂซ Җ 0~5 ୮ࡋ۞ሀᑢរᙋĂ֭ͽՏ 0.01 ୮ࡋࢍზ֭
ᐂᐝొΐిޘͅᑕĄ (ˬ) ඕڍ̶ژ
ဦ 2 ࠎᐝొར˭ΐిޘ።ॡဦĂϤဦۢ̚Ă0 ୮ࡋ ॡᐝొฟؕҋϤར˭Ăд 2.2 ୮ࡋॡᐝొᗝᐝᇠᑝ᐀
ڕז̂ΐిޘĂᓁЪपࣃࠎ 250GĂЪڱఢٙఢ ؠ 225~275G ̝ቑಛ̰Ăពϯᐝొሀݭ̝ϒቁّĄΩ Ϥ͛ᚥ၁រࣃΞ࠻Ă˟۰ΐిޘѡቢӮࠎಏ˘प
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (msec)
Acceleration (G)
[19]
ဦ 2 ᐝొར˭រᙋᐝొΐిޘ።ॡဦ
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Time (msec)
Rotation of D Plane (degree)
[19]
ဦ 3 ᐚొٛҩሀᑢ̝ᐝొ D πࢬ̝ᖼ֎።ॡဦ
ࣃĂሀᑢࣃ̂ΐిޘपࣃࠎ 250GĂ၁រࣃ̂पࣃ ࠎ 252GĂ˟۰זܧ૱˘̝ඕڍĄ
2. ᐚొᕚᓖᇠᑝរᙋ
(˘) ྏរԔ̈́ఢቑ
ϡ˘࣎ЪఢؠࢋՐ۞ᕚᓖĂซҖಏᕚീྏ(ᑅᒺ ᄃٛҩ၁រ)Ąᑅᒺಏᕚ၁រߏᕚᓖ೩Ҍᄃ͕̚ቢ ӵ 120 ޘ֎ĂҋϤᕚ˭ֹᕚᓖΐిఢ͕̚۞̷ቢిޘ
྿ 6.89~7.13m/s ᇠᑝཻ૰ېඕၹĂ D πࢬ۞ᖼ֎
д 57~64ms υื྿ז 64~78 ޘ̝มćٛҩ၁រߏ
ᕚᓖ೩Ҍᄃ͕̚ቢӵ 96 ޘ֎ĂҋϤᕚ˭ֹᕚᓖΐి
ఢ͕̚۞̷ቢిޘ྿ 5.95~6.18m/s ᇠᑝཻ૰ېඕၹĂ
D πࢬ۞ᖼ֎д 72~82ms υื྿ז 81~106 ޘ̝
มĂϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊ͞ѣϒቁّĄ (˟) ᇴࣃ̶ژሀݭ
(1) ᒖဩ̝ޙၹĈࠎޙၹЪڱఢఢቑ̝ീྏᒖဩĂ ώࡁտˠઊሀݭொੵ̙υࢋ̝ІĂ˭ᐝొ
Бሀăᐚഛሹăాତᐚഛሹ̝᐀৶ăᐚొᇅّ
វඈα࣎ІซҖሀᑢĂᐚഛሹٙనؠ۞Մफ़
ّኳࠎّࣣՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎវ̮৵ć᐀৶ٙనؠ
۞Մफ़ّኳࠎᇅّՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎሇ̮৵ćᐚొᇅ
ّវٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎᕆᇅّՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎ
វ̮৵ćΩ၁រ圖 3 頸部拉伸模擬之頭部 D 平面 之旋轉角歷時圖ٙᅮ̝ᕚᓖᇠᑝዞᄦཻ૰ېඕၹ
100 80 60 40 20 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (msec)
Rotation of D Plane (degree)
[19]
ဦ 4 ᐚొᑅᒺሀᑢ̝ᐝొ D πࢬ̝ᖼ֎።ॡဦ
ۏ̝ᒖဩĂϤٺዞᄦཻ૰ېඕၹۏՄफ़ّኳᙱͽ ሀᑢĂГΐ˯ϫ۞ߏдٺֹᕚᓖᄃ̝ତᛈޢਕ
யϠఢቑٙࢋՐ۞ഴిگԛĂЯѩޙၹ࿅̚Ă
ͽ֘ዃࡁտീྏ͕ٙ̚೩ֻ၁រ̝ᕚᓖ۞ഴΐ
ిޘѡቢֽആĄ
(2) ᙝࠧ୧І̝నؠĈˠઊᐚొ֭Ϗޙၹณീ D πࢬ
֎ޘ̝ຏᑕጡĂ߇дሀᑢ࿅̚Ăࠎณפ D πࢬ
۞ᖼ֎ޘĂώ͛υืޙၹ˘୧ݬۡᐚొ̝
ቢĂᖣϤѩቢֽณീᐚొٛҩᄃᑅᒺ̝ᖼ֎
ޘĂณീࣧநߏ D πࢬࠎࣧᕇπࢬĂགྷ࿅ٛҩ
ٕᑅᒺٙயϠ̝֎ޘࠎᕇπࢬĂྻϡѩᕇπ ࢬᄃݬۡᐚొቢ̝ӵ֎ĂӈΞณീז D πࢬٛ
ҩٕᑅᒺ̝֎ޘĄ
(3) ᇠᑝሀᑢĈֶፂޙၹԆј̝ሀᑢᒖဩᄃᙝࠧ୧ ІĂ֭ٛҩٕᑅᒺ̝ഴΐిޘᏮˢᐚొޢ˘
༼ᐚഛሹĂซҖ 0~100 ୮ࡋ۞ሀᑢរᙋĂ֭ͽՏ 0.01 ୮ࡋࢍზ֭ᐂᐝొΐిޘͅᑕĄ
(ˬ) ඕڍ̶ژ
(1) ٛҩሀᑢĈဦ 3 ࠎᐚొٛҩ̝ᐝొ D πࢬᖼ֎
።ॡဦĂϤဦۢ̚Ăᐚొഴΐిޘѡቢ݈̣ࡋ ࠎࣃ̝ΐిޘĂܑϯᐚొજၗд 0~5 ୮ࡋॡᐚ ഛሹШޢྻજĂд 5 ୮ࡋॡЯΐిޘࠎϒࣃĂֹ
ᐚഛሹШ݈ྻજĂд 15 ୮ࡋॡЯిޘᜈШ݈
ྻજ̏யϠٛҩҖࠎĂд 80 ୮ࡋॡᐝొࢬഈ˭ă ᐚొШޢᕚϢ྿זᓜֹࠧ D πࢬயϠ̂ᖼ
֎ޘ྿ז 92 ޘĂд 81 ୮ࡋॡᐚొҌᓜࠧᕇҜཉ ฟؕར˭Ăд 100 ୮ࡋॡᐚొ D πࢬᖼ֎ޘࠎ 78 ޘĂϤͽ˯ඕڍĂۢдࢍზॡม 0 Ҍ 100 ୮ ࡋ۞ቑಛĂീ 80 ୮ࡋॡᐚొٛҩ D πࢬ
̂ᖼ֎ޘࠎ 92 ޘĂЪڱఢٙఢؠд 72~82 ୮ ࡋυื྿ז 81~106 ޘ̝ม۞ቑಛ̰Ăពϯᐚొሀ ݭ̝ϒቁّĄΩϤ͛ᚥ၁រࣃΞ࠻Ăሀᑢࣃ 80 ୮ࡋॡ D πࢬ̂ᖼ֎ޘࠎ 92 ޘĂ၁រࣃ 73 ୮ࡋॡ D πࢬ̂ᖼ֎ޘࠎ 89 ޘĂ˟۰זܧ
૱˘̝ඕڍĄ
(2) ᑅᒺሀᑢĈဦ 4 ࠎᐚొᑅᒺ̝ᐝొ D πࢬᖼΐ
ిޘ።ॡဦĂϤဦۢ̚Ăᐚొഴΐిޘѡቢ݈
α୮ࡋࠎࣃ̝ΐిޘĂܑϯᐚొજၗд 0~4 ୮ ࡋॡᐚഛሹШޢྻજĂ҃д 4 ୮ࡋॡЯΐిޘࠎ ϒࣃĂֹᐚഛሹШ݈ྻજĂд 15 ୮ࡋॡЯిޘ
ᜈШ݈ྻજ̏யϠᑅᒺҖࠎĂд 60 ୮ࡋॡᐝొ
ࢬഈ˯ăᐚొШ˯ᕚϢ྿זᓜֹࠧ D πࢬயϠ
̂ᖼ֎ޘ྿ז 77 ޘĂд 61 ୮ࡋॡᐚొҌᓜ
ࠧᕇҜཉฟؕར˭Ăд 100 ୮ࡋॡ D πࢬᖼ֎
ޘࠎ 32 ޘĂϤͽ˯ඕڍĂۢдࢍზॡม 0 Ҍ 100 ୮ࡋ۞ቑಛĂീ 60 ୮ࡋॡᐚొٛҩ D πࢬ
̂ᖼ֎ޘࠎ 77 ޘĂЪڱఢٙఢؠд 57~64 ୮ ࡋυื྿ז 64~78 ޘ̝ม۞ቑಛ̰Ăពϯᐚొሀ ݭ̝ϒቁّĄΩϤ͛ᚥ၁រࣃΞ࠻Ăሀᑢࣃ 60 ୮ࡋॡ D πࢬ̂ᖼ֎ޘࠎ 77 ޘĂ၁រࣃ 60 ୮ࡋॡ D πࢬ̂ᖼ֎ޘࠎ 67 ޘĂ˟۰זܧ
૱˘̝ඕڍĄ
3. ొᕚᔧᇠᑝរᙋ
(˘) ྏរԔ̈́ఢቑ
ͽ˘࣎ኳณ 23.4kgăۡश 150mm ۞ߗֽᇠᑝొ
۞ّ̚ࢬ(ௐαҌˣ͚҈)Ă༊ 6.59~6.83m/s ۞ిޘ
ᇠొॡĂ࠹၆ਖഛ۞Ҝொณᑕд 64mm- 73mm ቑಛ̰Ăϒࢬ༥ᇠˠઊ͞ѣϒቁّĄ (˟) ᇴࣃ̶ژሀݭ
(1) ᒖဩ̝ޙၹĈࠎޙၹЪڱఢఢቑ̝ീྏᒖဩĂ ώࡁտͽБˠઊሀݭซҖሀᑢĂొγొϩ ᆸᖐٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎҲޘڽജՄफ़Ăᛳ
ّࠎវ̮৵ć҈ٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎᇅՄ फ़Ăᛳّࠎഥ̮৵ćᒒٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎᇅ
ّՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎഥ̮৵ćΐిఢٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّ
ኳࠎّࣣՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎវ̮৵ćΩ၁រٙᅮ̝
ߗᕚᔧдሀᑢ˯ߏֶ၁រఢቑޙၹ˘࣎ኳณ 23.4kgăۡश 150mm ۞ᕚᔧѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭՄफ़
ّኳࠎّࣣՄफ़Ăᛳّࠎវ̮৵Ą
(2) ᙝࠧ୧І̝నؠĈሀᑢࡦొٙᅮ̝͚ᇣĂߏͽ
ؠࡦొ༼ᕇ̙யϠҜொٕᖼֽആĂ͘ᓖҜཉ ᄃͪπࢬπҖćᇠᑝˠઊٙᅮ̝ిޘనؠࠎ 6.71 m/sĄ
(3) ᇠᑝሀᑢĈֶፂޙၹԆј̝ሀᑢᒖဩᄃᙝࠧ୧ ІĂ֭ᇠᑝిޘᏮˢѣࢨ̮৵ᕚᔧሀݭᇠᑝˠ ઊొّ̚ࢬௐαҌˣ͚҈ĂซҖ 0~80 ୮ࡋ۞
ሀᑢរᙋĂ֭ͽՏ 0.01 ୮ࡋࢍზ֭ᐂొតԛ ณĄ
(ˬ) ඕڍ̶ژ
ဦ 5 ࠎొᕚᔧᇠᑝొតԛဦĂϤဦۢ̚Ăд 3 ୮ࡋॡᕚᔧฟؕᇠᑝొă҈ฟؕតԛĂд 25 ୮ࡋ ॡᕚᔧᇠᑝొயϠᒒᚑࢦតԛֹ҈̂តԛ ณ྿ז 67mmĂд 26 ୮ࡋॡᕚᔧצז҈ᄃᒒ̝ܡ
˧ฟؕயϠͅᇅĂд 80 ୮ࡋॡ҈តԛ̏ు႙аೇࣧ
[19]
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
00 20 40 60 80
Time (msec)
Deflection (mm)
ဦ 5 ొᕚᔧᇠᑝొតԛဦ
ېតԛณࠎ 18mmĂϤͽ˯ඕڍĂۢдࢍზॡม 0 Ҍ 80ms ۞ቑಛĂീ 25 ୮ࡋॡొ̂តԛณࠎ 67mmĂЪڱఢٙఢؠ 64~73mm ̝ቑಛ̰Ăពϯ
ొሀݭ̝ϒቁّ ĄΩϤ͛ᚥ၁រࣃΞ࠻Ăሀᑢࣃ 80 ୮ࡋॡ̂តԛณࠎ 67mmĂ၁រࣃ 25 ୮ࡋॡ
̂តԛณ྿ז 68mmĂ˟۰זܧ૱˘̝ඕڍĄ
4. ተొᕚᔧᇠᑝរᙋ
(˘) ྏរԔ̈́ఢቑ
˘࣎ኳณ 5kgăۡश 76mm ۞ᕚᔧĂͽ 2.07m/s-2.13m/s
۞ిޘĂᇠᑝተᄏ۞คቢ͕̚ҜཉĂተొצ˧υื
Ъٺ SAE ఢؠд 4.7kN Ҍ 5.8kN ቑಛ̰Ăϒࢬ༥ᇠˠ ઊ͞ѣϒቁّĄ
(˟) ᇴࣃ̶ژሀݭ
(1) ᒖဩ̝ޙၹĈࠎޙၹЪڱఢఢቑ̝ീྏᒖဩĂ ώࡁտˠઊሀݭொੵ̙υࢋ̝ІĂ˭ተొ
γొೀңăተă̈ჿඈІซҖሀᑢĂተొ
γొϩᆸᖐٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎᇅّՄफ़Ăᛳ
ّࠎវ̮৵ćተٙనؠ۞Մफ़ّኳࠎّࣣՄ फ़Ăᛳّࠎវ̮৵ćΩ၁រٙᅮ̝ߗᕚᔧд ሀᑢ˯ߏֶ၁រఢቑޙၹ˘࣎ኳณ 5kgăۡश 76mm ۞ᕚᔧѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭՄफ़ّኳࠎّࣣՄ फ़Ăᛳّࠎវ̮৵Ą
(2) ᙝࠧ୧І̝నؠĈሀᑢተొٙᅮ̝͚ᇣĂߏͽ
ؠ̂ჿІ༼ᕇ̙யϠҜொٕᖼֽആĂֹተ ొሀϏᄃгࢬତᛈćᇠᑝˠઊٙᅮ̝ిޘనؠ
ࠎ 2.1m/sĄ
(3) ᇠᑝሀᑢĈֶፂޙၹԆј̝ሀᑢᒖဩᄃᙝࠧ୧ ІĂ֭ᇠᑝిޘᏮˢѣࢨ̮৵ᕚᔧሀݭᇠᑝˠ ઊተొᓂШ͕̚ቢĂซҖ 0~5 ୮ࡋ۞ሀᑢរᙋĂ
֭ͽՏ 0.01 ୮ࡋࢍზ֭ᐂተొតԛณĄ (ˬ) ඕڍ̶ژ
ဦ 6 ࠎተొᕚᔧᇠᑝተొצ˧ဦĂϤဦۢ̚Ăд 0.2 ୮ࡋॡᕚᔧฟؕᇠᑝተొăተᄏฟؕצז˧ณᑟᑅĂ д 3 ୮ࡋॡተొܑࢬតԛณ྿ז̂ᇠᑝ˧ณ̏Ϥ ተᄏٚצĂѩॡተొ̂צ˧྿ז 5.3KNĂд 3.1 ୮ࡋॡϤٺᕚᔧצזተᄏܡ˧ฟؕயϠͅᇅĂϤͽ
[19]
6 5 4 3 2 1
00 2 4 6 8
Time (msec)
Force (kN)
ဦ 6 ተొᕚᔧᇠᑝተొצ˧ဦ
˯ඕڍĂۢдࢍზॡม 0 Ҍ 5 ୮ࡋ۞ቑಛĂീ 3 ୮ ࡋ ॡ ተ ొ ̂ צ ˧ ࠎ 5.3KNĂ Ъڱ ఢٙఢؠ 4.7~5.8KN ̝ቑಛ̰Ăពϯተొሀݭ̝ϒቁّĄΩϤ
͛ᚥ၁រࣃΞ࠻Ăሀᑢࣃ 3 ୮ࡋॡ̂צ˧྿ז 5.3KNĂ၁រࣃ 3.6 ୮ࡋॡ̂צ˧ࠎ 5.2KNĂ˟۰
זܧ૱˘̝ඕڍĄ
αăඕ ኢ
ώኢ͛Ӏϡ LS-DYNA ѣࢨ̮৵ёޙϲ˘Ξតԛ Hybrid III ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭĂֶ֭ፂ࡚ఢ FMVSS 49 CFR PART 572 ̶ొ̚ఢؠĂԆјˠઊᐝొăᐚొăొăተొ
ˠઊ७ϒរᙋĂϤඕڍពϯ̝ٙሀᑢࣃĂӮЪڱఢᇾ
ć֭ซ˘Վᄃ͛ᚥ၁រࣃซҖͧ၆Ăٙז̝ѡቢᔌ๕ ᄃЧొҜ̂ΐిޘपࣃĂӮ࠹༊ତܕĂᙋځώኢ͛ޙϲ
̝ѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭΞആ၁រˠઊᄃѪގଂְέ֘ᄃ၁
֘༥ᇠྏរĄώኢ͛ޙϲ̝ϒࢬ༥ᇠѣࢨ̮৵ˠઊሀݭĂ Ξ೩ֻՠ֘ຽ۰ٕ࠹ᙯീྏಏҜᑕϡٺᇴࣃሀᑢ̶ژ˯Ă ซҖ઼̰֘ዃϒࢬ༥ᇠሀᑢ̝ˠវຫ̶๋ژࡁտĂͽࠎ֘
ዃඕၹԼ։̈́щБ᜕֨੨౯ࡁ൴۞ણ҂Ă֭Ξྻϡޙϲ֘
ዃϒࢬ༥ᇠ࠹ᙯڱఢ̝ࢎؠĄ
ણ҂͛ᚥ
1. McHenry, R. R., “Analysis of The Dynamics of Automobile Passenger-Restraint Systems,” Proceedings of The 7th Stapp Conference, Los Angeles, USA (1963).
2. Robbins, D. H., and Roberts, V. L., “Development of Two- and Three-Dimensional Crash Victim Simulators,”
HSRI Report No. Bio M-70-3 (1970).
3. เ͵ᘞĂĶՠ֘༥ᇠ̚ˠវજ˧ͅᑕሀᑢሀݭ۞ଣ
ķĂௐ˩̣بБ઼˧ጯົᛉĂ̍ຽԫఙࡁտੰ፟ୠ̍
ຽࡁտٙĂາѻĂௐ 1205-1211 ࢱ(1991)Ą
4. ૺĂĶˠវሀݭ̝જ˧ր̶ژķĂჇ̀ኢ͛Ăె
ϥ̂ጯĂέ̚(1997)Ą
5. Otte, D., “Comparison and Realism of crash Simulation Tests and Real Accident Situation for the Biomechanical
Movements in Car Collisions,” SAE Paper No. 902329 (1990).
6. Deng, Y. C., “Simulation of Belt-restrained Occupant Response in 30 Mph Barrier Impact,” International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 160-174 (1991).
7. Brian, W., Nicholas, M., John, G., and Neil, R., “The Crash Analysis of a Passenger Vehicle Under Differing Frontal Crash Conditions,” SAE Paper No. 932910 (1993).
8. Lin, T. C., Wawa, C., and Khalil, T. B., “Evaluation of the Hybrid III Dummy Interactions with Air Bag in Frontal Crash by Finite Element Simulation,” SAE Paper No.
952705 (1995).
9. Nilson, G., “An Analytical Method to Assess the Risk of the Lap-Belt Slipping off the Pelvis in Frontal Impact,”
SAE Paper No. 952708 (1995).
10. Moss, S., and Huang, Y., “Development of an Advanced Finite Element Model Database of the Hybrid III Crash Test Dummy Family,” SAE Paper No. 971042 (1997).
11. Marzougui, D., Kan, C. D., and Bedwi, N. E.,
“Development and Validation of an NCAP Simulation Using LS-DYNA3D,” NCAC Paper (1996).
12. Staffan, H., “Validation of Coupled PC-CRASH- MADYMO Occupant Simulation Model,” SAE Paper No.
2000-01-0471 (2000).
13. ᔁྈمĂĶᑕϡܧቢّѣࢨّ̮৵ڱٺՠ֘щБనࢍ̝
̶ژᄃሀᑢķĂჇ̀ኢ͛Ă̚ϒ̂ጯĂလཌྷ(1993)Ą 14. ѦઉĂĶՠ֘ޢᇠ̚ˠវજၗͅᑕሀᑢķĂჇ̀ኢ͛Ă
јΑ̂ጯĂέݑ(1994)Ą
15. ች͛ᅾĂĶHybrid III ᑝˠઊѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭ۞ޙϲᄃᑕ ϡķĂჇ̀ኢ͛Ă̚ϒ̂ጯĂလཌྷ(1994)Ą
16. ϒᄼĂĶˠវજၗѣࢨ̮৵̶ژķĂჇ̀ኢ͛ĂјΑ
̂ጯĂέݑ(1995)Ą
17. Ꮵ̂ᚈĂĶᑕϡѣࢨ̮৵ڱཝሀᑢέ֘ᑝ၁រķĂ Ⴧ̀ኢ͛Ă̚ϒ̂ጯĂလཌྷ(1995)Ą
18. ۧ͛ĂĶְ֘߇̚ˠវᐝᐚొ̝ຫ̶๋ژķĂჇ̀
ኢ͛Ă઼֨̂ጯ̚ϒந̍ጯੰĂॿ(2002)Ą
19. Khalil, T. B., and Lin, T. C., “Simulation of the Hybrid III Response to Impact by Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis,” SAE Paper No. 942227 (1994).
2003 ѐ 08 ͡ 07 ͟! ќቇ 2003 ѐ 10 ͡ 15 ͟! ܐᆶ 2003 ѐ 10 ͡ 29 ͟! ତצ
