䫔Ḵ䭨ˣ⢇悐句䘬Ṣ佌䳬ㆸ冯䣦㚫橼⇞
⢇悐句⛐Ṣ佌ᶲὅ㲘晭㕷佌䲣䘬↮栆ᶲⰔ㕤岥侫↿佌 (Squliq) ᷕ䘬 Malipa Ṇ佌炻⼴ Malipa Ṇ佌⇘Ṳ㖍䘬⽑冰⋨檀佑慴ˣᶱ慴冯厗昝慴4ᶱ慴侭炻 䧙䁢 Gogan 佌 (䏒履炻2012)ˤ悐句ὅ䣾⃰䘬㬠Ⱄ↮䁢Ḽ⣏㮷㕷炻Ḽᾳ㮷㕷䣾
⃰⎵⫿↮⇍䁢烉TiyaˣWatan lawaˣTabulˣTumulˣSyat炻Ḽᾳ㮷㕷℞⼴▋⛐㮹
⚳㗪ẋ㓡䓐㻊⥻炻侴⎴ᶨ㮷㕷Ṣ⒉⍾䘬㻊⥻⥻㮷⎗傥㚱ᶵ⎴炻⚈侴悐句ᷕ
⎴ᶨ㮷㕷侭⎗傥⮵ㅱ⣂ᾳ㻊⥻ (堐 5)炻侴Ḽᾳ㮷㕷ὅ℞䣾⯭⛘⛘⎵⍰㚱ᶵ⎴䧙
炻Tiya 䣾⯭㕤 bsyal (Ṳ㘗ṩ彚⟜ᶨⷞ)炻㓭䧙䁢 Kbsyal ⭞㕷烊Watan lawa 䣾
⯭ pya san炻㓭䧙 Kpya san ⭞㕷烊Tumul 䣾⯭ ibaw炻䧙 Kibaw ⭞㕷炻䎦Ṳ⛐悐 句⣂ẍ㮷㕷ᷕ㚨⣂㔠䘬㻊⥻炻ㆾ侭忶⍣䣾⯭⛘Ἦ䧙5 (堐 5)ˤ
4 㟫⚺䷋⯂㛒㓡⇞㟫⚺ⶪ⇵炻ᶨ凔䴙䧙 Gogan 佌䘬檀佑㛹ˣᶱ㛹冯厗昝㛹䁢⼴Ⱉᶱ㛹ˤ
5 䁢㚠⮓䘬㳩㙊ẍ⍲教嬨ᶲ䘬㖻嬨⿏炻㛔㔯⼴临ẍ堐 5 ᷕ䘬䎦ẋⷠ䓐䧙Ἦẋ堐悐句䘬⭞㕷⎵ˤ
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堐 5 ⢇悐句㮷㕷冯㻊⥻⮵䄏堐
䣾⃰⍇ỷ㮹⥻⎵ ⮵ㅱ㻊⥻ 䎦ẋⷠ䓐䧙
Tiya 㣲㮷ˣ⬳㮷ˣ湫㮷 Kbsyal (㣲⭞䫱) Watan lawa 昛㮷ˣ⏛㮷ˣῒ㮷ˣ㷠㮷ˣ姙㮷ˣ⻝㮷 Kpya san (昛⭞䫱)
Tabul ⌉㉱㷠㮷 㷠⭞
Tumul 傉㮷 傉⭞
Syat ⌉㉱㜿㮷 㜿⭞
(ᾖ㓡冒㟫⚺䷋⽑冰悱Ⳃ⚳㮹⮷⬠∝㟉⚃⋩忙⸜㟉ㄞ䈡↲ 炻2013)
⛐㮷㕷䘬怟⽁忶䦳ᶲ炻䫔ᶨ㈡忚ℍ㬌⋨䘬 Tiya 椾⃰句儛㕤 bsyal (Ṳ㘗ṩ彚
⟜ᶨⷞ)炻⼴怟军Ṳᷕ昝 (Balung)炻Ṳ察溆┉ᶨⷞ䧙 Balung 䣦
(IN130810LA01ˣIN130815LA02)烊怟䦣军ᷕ昝ᶨⷞ䘬 Tiya ⼴ẋ㊃⺽℟㚱⦣
奒斄Ὢ䘬 Watan lawa 军Ṳᶲ昝ᶨẋ䓇㳣炻⼴⚈㯜㸸⓷柴㏔怟军Ṳ㭼娚嶗旬役 䘬 pya san ⛘⋨䧙 pya san 䣦烊⌉㉱ (qara) 䣦䣾⃰ Tabul 椾⃰怟⽁军 tblan炻⍾⎵
䁢 tbulan炻⼴⚈Ṣ⣂怟军⮵朊Ⱉ⺢䩳⌉㉱䣦椾⃰怟军㕤Ṳᷕ⽫嶗ᶨⷞ(䏒履炻 2012)烊傉⭞䣾⃰ Tumul ⯭㕤 ibaw (Ṳ⌉㉱悐句ỵ伖)炻䧙 ibaw 䣦ˤ(⚾ 5)
1914 ⸜炻㖍㛔幵嬎㕤楔ⳁⰙ⺢䩳楔ⳁ䟚⎘炻捖⡻䭉䎮䔞⛘⍇ỷ㮹㕷炻⼭⍇
ỷ㮹㕷㬠枮⼴⮯悐句㕷Ṣ怟⯭炻ᶨ嗽⯭ỷ㇞㔠ᶵ崭忶 35 ㇞ (IN130710LA01)ˤ 㖍㱣㗪㛇⌉㉱䣦冯㖍㛔䘤䓇㇘䇕ˬ楔⏲ḳẞ˭炻⣂㔠⌉㉱䣦㕷Ṣ塓㖍Ṣ怟⽁军⣏
⎴悱ˣ䁷Ἦ悱炻⍇⛨∑ᶳḴ⋩检㇞Ṣ⭞↮⇍怟⼨⇵⌉㉱ (rziq) 冯⼴⌉㉱ (tayax) (䏒履炻2012)炻䁢䎦Ṳ⌉㉱㜿⭞冯⌉㉱㷠⭞䘬䣾⃰烊Kpya san 䣾⃰怟军Ṳᶲ
昝嗽烊⍇⯭ỷ ibaw 䘬傉⭞⚈ ibaw ⍿㖍㛔夷∫䁢㯜䓘⋨炻怟军Ṳᷕ昝ᶨⷞ (IN130810LA01)ˤ(⚾ 6)
1963 ⸜炻⻟䁰桙桐吃㦪䥖Ὕ冢炻㭨⢆⌉㉱㷠⭞冯⌉㉱㜿⭞⛐ᷳ㯜䓘冯嶗
➢炻䁢⬱ℐ侫慷炻⌉㉱㷠⭞冯⌉㉱㜿⭞㏔怟军Ṳ⌉㉱悐句ỵ伖炻㶟⯭㕤⌉㉱悐 句 (IN130815LA02ˣIN130815LA02)ˤ(⚾ 7)
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⚾㸸ᾖ㓡冒 Google Earth (2015)ˤ
㣲⭞
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⚾ 7 ⢇悐句㮷㕷↮ⶫ⚾ (ᶱ)8
㖍㛔䴙㱣㗪㛇㕤ᶳ昝姕伖㩊㞍⒐炻⍇ỷ㮹㕷㖍㛔ⶉ㞍⒉ (L02 䇞奒) 怟
⯭军㬌炻ᶳ昝攳⥳㚱Ṣ⯭ỷ (IN130710LA01)ˤ军 1969 ⸜㬌嗽⎒㚱 7ˣ8 ㇞ ỷ㇞炻䚖⇵⼊ㆸᶨᾳ㕘䣦⋨ (䏒履炻2012)ˤ Google Earth (2015)ˤ
9 㔯䌣ᷳᷕ⮵㕤㲘晭㕷⮵崭冒䃞⬀⛐䘬㊤枛䓐⫿㚱ᶵ⎴炻↮⇍䁢ˬUtux˭ˣˬUtux˭ẍ⍲
ˬLyutux˭炻℞ᷕẍˬUtux˭㚨䁢ⷠ夳炻㛔㔯ẍˬUtux˭ἄ䁢ᶵ⎴㔯䌣ᷕˬUtux˭ˣˬUtux˭ẍ⍲
ˬLyutux˭ℙ⎴㊯㴱ᷳ崭冒䃞⬀⛐䘬䷥䧙ˤ
㣲⭞
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娆⼁ᷳᷕ㰺㚱⮯崭冒䃞䘬⬀⛐⎎ 䓇曰ˣ櫤櫪ˣ䤆䣯ˣ䣾曰䫱栆⇍䘬⋨↮炻Utux Ṏᶵ℟㚱ỵ昶檀Ỷㆾ䈡⇍䘬䧙炻Utux 㗗ᶨᾳ㔜橼䘬㤪⾝炻⎴㗪ḇ℟㚱ᾳ⇍䘬 㤪⾝ˤ䌳㠭曆 (2003) ⛐剿㞿湣⽭㴑悐句䘬䓘慶屯㕁ᷕ炻㍷徘悐句㕷Ṣ⮯㬣侭 䘬曰櫪䧙䁢 Utux炻侴䓇侭䘬曰櫪昌 Utux ⢾⎎㚱℞Ṿ⎗ẋ堐⎵䧙炻栗䣢娚悐句
⮵䓇侭冯㬣侭ℑ侭䘬曰櫪娵䞍㚱ⶖ䔘ˤ侴湣⽭㴑悐句䘬㲘晭㕷Ṣ㭼ẌɄṆⶫ (2009) ⇯⮯ Utux ᶨ娆䚜㍍ᷕ嬗⮵ㅱ㕤ˬ䣾曰˭炻娵䁢ˬ䣾曰˭⌛㗗㲘晭㕷Ṣ
⮵ˬ㬣侭䘬曰櫪˭䘬䧙ˤ䃞侴ᶵ婾⮵㕤 Utux ᶨ娆䘬娵䞍䁢ỽ炻㚱㔯䌣䘮娵 䁢⼙枧㲘晭㕷Ṣ䓇㳣冯ᾉẘᷕ㚨慵天侭ᷫ㗗ˬ䣾曰˭炻㲘晭㕷⮵䣾曰䘬ⲯ㊄⮵
尉䁢䣾曰㔜橼炻䣾曰傥⮵㲘晭㕷Ṣ忈ㆸ䘬䓇㳣⼙枧⋩↮⺋㲃㚱≃炻㗗㲘晭㕷Ṣ 䓇㳣ᷕ埴䁢䘬≽≃冯夷䭬䘬㸸柕ˤ䣾曰ㄹ啱㕷Ṣ㗗⏎思⬰ Utux 妪⭂䘬夷⇯⮵㕷 Ṣ忚埴岆优炻Utux 妪䘬夷䭬䧙䁢ˬGaga˭炻᷎德忶 Gaga 思⬰冯⏎䓙 Utux 姽㕟ㅱ娚岄Ḱˣ㓞䨓ˣ䌝䈑ㆾ䕦䕭ˣ䀥暋䫱⚆ㅱ (㛶Ṏ⚺炻1986)ˤ
⁛䴙䘬㲘晭Ṣẍ㚨➢㛔䘬䣦㚫䳬䷼ẍ奒㕷䳬䷼炻ẍ Gaga Ḻ≽埴䦳䘬䳬
䷼㚨䁢慵天ˤ㲘晭㕷䘬➢㛔奒㕷╖ỵẍ䇞㭵ˣ⣓⥣ˣ⫸⤛ᶱᾳᶾẋ䳬ㆸ炻⫸
⤛⽆䇞⇞炻䓟▋⧞奒⌛↮㇞炻䇞㭵⽆⸤⫸梲侩 (厲㐺Ʉ旧䴎ỹ炻2012)炻䃞ṵẍ
⃬攟䁢⭞攟炻屉䓊ˣ䤕䣨ˣ侽ἄⰔ⎴ᶨ⭞㕷炻䁢ᶨ↮⯭ˣℙ屉ᷳ倗⎰⭞㕷 (檀 㔯㔴炻2003)ˤ
㛶Ṏ⚺䫱 (1963) 冯䌳ⳏ冰 (1986) 娵䁢㲘晭㕷ẍ埨䶋䁢➢䢶䘬䳬䷼䳸㥳 檮㔋炻奒Ⱄ䳬䷼㗗ẍᾳṢ䁢ᷕ⽫炻ᶼῷ慵暁䲣䁢⍇⇯炻䇞䲣冯㭵䲣䘬奒㕷⎴䧖
℟㚱⼙枧≃ˤỮ䚠⮵㕤⚈埨䶋䓊䓇䘬䣦㚫䭬䔯炻㲘晭䣦㚫ᷕ姙⣂℞Ṿ₨⺷忶 䦳䓊䓇䘬䣦㚫䭬䔯炻℞≇傥ⷠ⣏㕤奒Ⱄ䳬䷼䘬≇傥炻⌛德忶⮎嶸 Gaga 侴⼊
ㆸ䘬⛀橼炻℞≇傥⣏㕤ẍ埨䶋䁢忋䳸䘬⛀橼ˤ
厲㐺Ʉ旧䴎ỹ (2012) 娵䁢⁛䴙㲘晭悐句ᷕ⬀⛐㚱ᶱ栆Ṣ佌倂普䘬㕡⺷炻
↮⇍㗗烉(1) ℙ⎴䤕䣨䣾⃰䘬⛀橼 (ᷣ天ẍ埨奒斄Ὢↅ倂)烊(2) ↮惵䌝䈑䘬⛀
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橼烊(3) ↮惵䈑⑩ㆾℙ梇䘬⛀橼 (⣂䓙⭞㕷ℙ梇)炻ẍᶲᶱ侭䷥䧙䁢 qutux niqan10ˤ侴ㆹ⛐⢇悐句䘬䓘慶䴻槿ᷕ炻⟙⮶Ṣ L05 妋慳ˬqutux niqan˭㗗ˬ⎫
⎴拳梗˭䘬シ⿅炻䓙⫿朊ᶲ䘬妋慳⌛㗗ℙ梇⛀橼ᷳシ炻Ữ L05 忚ᶨ㬍䘬妋慳炻 㚫⎫⎴ᶨ拳梗䘬Ṣ℞⮎ḇ⯙㗗冒䘬⭞Ṣ炻㓭⛐悐句ᷕ䔞⍿姒侭㍸⇘⭞㕷㗪炻 ˬ⭞㕷˭⮵ㅱ䘬㲘晭婆娆⯙㗗ˬqutux niqan˭炻ᷣ天ḇ⯙㗗㊯ẍ䇞䲣埨䶋䁢ᷣ
⼊ㆸ䘬奒㕷䳬䷼ˤ
⛐⁛䴙䘬㲘晭℔ℙḳ⊁㰢䫾ᶲ炻㲘晭䣦㚫ᷕ㰺㚱㰺柕䚖䘬婒㱽婔䳃䳄 (
⬠冋炻1998烊湹⼍Ʉẋ炻2002烊厲㐺Ʉ旧䴎ỹ炻2012)炻侴⛐㖍㱣㗪㛇冯㬌㗪 㛇⇵䘬⢇悐句炻柀堾⇞⹎ὅ⎬⋨⎬㮷㕷㚱ᶵ⎴ˤ⌉㉱悐句侮侩 L10 堐䣢㖍 㱣㗪ẋ⛐旵ặ㕤㖍㛔䴙㱣⇵䘬⌉㉱悐句炻㷠⭞冯㜿⭞ℙ㚱ᶨᾳ柕䚖⎵䁢 Maqin maray炻㗗悐句㍐怠↢℟㚱㘢ㄏ䘬柀堾炻䔞悐句㚱⓷柴ㆾ䳃䇕暨天㌺妋㗪炻⯙㚫 Ṍ䓙悐句柕䚖忚埴婧妋ˤỵ㕤ᶲ昝䘬悐句侮侩 L04 ⇯娵䁢忶⍣ᶲ昝悐句㰺 㚱媪䘬柕䚖忁㧋䘬Ṣ䈑炻暨天㰢⭂ḳ⊁㗪⣂㗗ẍ⭞㕷䁢╖ỵ炻侴䔞⭞㕷ḳ⊁
忳ἄ暨天㰢䫾㗪炻㚫Ṍ䓙⭞㕷ᷕ㚨℟㘢ㄏ炻ᶼ㚱䭉䎮⭞㕷ḳ⊁傥≃䘬攟侭Ἦ⮵
⭞㕷ḳ⊁忚埴䭉䎮冯㰢⭂ (IN130815LA01)ˤ䃞侴䓙侮侩䘬⚆ㅞ冯⎋⁛䞍嬀
ᷕ炻ᶵ婾⎬⋨➇ˣ⎬⭞㕷㗗⏎㚱䚠䔞㕤Ṳ㖍䧙䁢柕䚖䘬Ṣ炻悐句ᷕẍ⋨➇ㆾ⭞
㕷䁢ᶨᾳṢ佌⛀橼炻佌橼ᷕ䘮㚱ⷞ柀佌橼冯㰢⭂佌橼ḳ⊁柀堾ẋ堐炻㖍㱣㗪㛇
忶⍣䘬⢇悐句炻℞柀堾⇞⹎㍍役湹ⷞɄ⼍ (2002) ㍷徘炻柀堾Ṣ䈑䘬
↢䎦㗗㕷Ṣ⛐䓇㳣ᷕ冒䃞侴䃞䘬㭼庫↢㚨䨑慵ˣ≯㔊ˣ℟⎋ㇵˣ嬻㕷Ṣ⮲㔔䘬 Ṣ炻柀堾⸛㗪䘬䓇㳣冯ṾṢ䃉䔘炻⛐㚱暨天䘬㗪῁ㇵ↢Ἦ妋㰢䳃䇕炻ㆾẋ堐悐 句䘤妨烊侴柀堾ᷳᶳ䛦Ṣ⸛㪲炻ᶵ℟昶Ⰼᷳ↮炻ẍᾳṢ傥≃Ἦ㰢⭂ᾳṢ⛐悐句
ᷕ䘬⼙枧≃ˤ
10 湹ⷞɄ⼍ (2002) 娵䁢ˬniqan˭䁢㲘晭䣦㚫ᷕ㚨㍍役䳬䷼䘬⛀⣹炻㗗ℙ⎴妋㰢慵⣏ḳẞ冯 ℙ⎴↮ṓ㬉㦪䘬⎴䚇䚇䲬炻䓙ℙ⎴⽿⎹ˣねデ㈽㨇侭冒䃞䳬ㆸ炻᷎䃉旸⭂㕤奒Ⱄ斄Ὢ炻qutux niqan 䁢ˬᶨᾳ niqan˭ᷳシˤ
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