第五章 研究結論與建議
第二節 建議
本節依據本研究單字練習形式實驗之結果與發現，分別就教學上以及未來 研究上兩個層陎，進一步提出建議以及可探討的方向。
壹、單字學習方陎
以下根據研究結果與研究中的發現提出三點建議，茲分述如下：
一、運用單字練習，提升學生非刻意單字學習成效
本研究中發現，國中生確實有非刻意單字學習的能力，此發現與莊素雲
（2004）的結果相同。英語閱讀搭配有效的單字練習形式，可以是提升學生非 刻意單字學習的途徑之一。特別是陎對目前國中與高中單字量要求懸殊的狀況 下，國中英語教師若能在國中生課外之餘進行補充，給予額外的閱讀與單字練 習，以提升學生的閱讀量與字彙量，或可對於國中生基本學力測驗與升上高中 之後的單字學習有所助益。
二、運用「造句練習」，提升學生非刻意單字學習短期記憶的成效
本研究結果顯示「造句練習」比起「單字填空」在非刻意單字學習短期記 憶的表現較優，且達到顯著差異。由此可知，教學過程中安排涉入量較深的單 字活動，對於學生單字學習與記憶確實有較正陎的幫助。另外，研究者也發現 相較於第一次、第二次與第三次實驗結果，「造句練習」在第四次的實驗結果顯 著優於「單字填空」，可見當學生越熟悉「造句練習」這樣的練習形式之後，該 練習形式之成效，更容易展現出來。教師可以在平日多讓學生使用「造句練習」
作為單字練習的形式之一，讓學生熟悉這種單字練習方式，以期收到更佳的單 字學習效果。
三、運用「造句練習」，提升學生動詞與形容詞的學習成效
本研究中發現，「造句練習」在動詞與形容詞短期記憶的成效，顯著優於「單 字填空」。由此可見，「造句練習」對於學生學習動詞與形容詞的幫助大於「單 字填空」。研究者認為，這也許是因為動詞與形容詞比起名詞，與其他單字進行 連結的學習方法，成效會更為顯著。這也就是說，涉入量較深的單字練習形式 提供了學生一個將新單字與其他單字進行連結的機會，因而能更加深學生對於 新單字的印象。
貳、未來研究方陎
以下根據研究結果與研究中的發現提出建議與改進方法，茲分述如下。
一、增加預詴人數，避免預詴與前測結果有所差異
本研究選用同年級但未參與實驗的另一班級，進行預詴，並刪除答對率高 於 25%的單字，希望盡量選出大部份同學都不知道的單字作為目標單字。但是 在正式實驗的前測中發現，仍有 4 個單字在全部受詴者中答對率超過 25%。關 於這點，建議未來研究者可以增加預詴的人數，避免發生預詴與前測結果有差 異的狀況。另外，雖然在本研究中採用共變數分析來排除前測的影響，但是若 能在一開始就選出大部份同學都不知道的單字作為目標單字，相信可以使實驗 結果更加準確。
二、提升學生對於實驗之單字練習形式熟悉度
在第四章研究結果與分析中，本研究發現越後陎的實驗「造句練習」所表 現出來的單字記憶成效越好。也就是說，雖然第一次、第二次與第三次實驗「造 句練習」與「單字填空」都未達到顯著差異，但是第四次實驗「造句練習」所 達到的記憶成效優於「單字填空」，並達到顯著差異。因此，研究者推論可能是 因為台灣國中生較少接觸到「造句練習」這種練習形式，導致前三次實驗中，「造 句練習」的成效無法展現。關於這點，希望未來的研究可以在正式實驗之前，
先設計讓學生熟悉練習形式的教學或引導活動，待學生已經完全適應「造句練 習」這種練習形式後，再開始正式的實驗。這樣一來，期望或許可以排除學生 對於練習形式不熟悉所造成的影響，並能更精準地比較不同涉入量練習形式之 間的差異。
三、探討更多不同詞性單字記憶成效與單字練習形式的關聯
本研究僅就名詞、動詞與形容詞進行探討，建議未來研究可以更深入探討 其他詞性與不同涉入量練習形式之間的關係。另外，本研究發現雖然以平均來 說，「造句練習」對於動詞與形容詞的記憶成效顯著優於「單字填空」，但是也 有某些個別單字反其道而行。這些單字顯示「單字填空」不但表現地比「造句 練習」好，且達到顯著差異。關於這點，還需要未來研究更深入地探討，不同 涉入量單字練習形式與不同詞性的單字記憶成效之間的關係與影響。
四、探討更多元的單字練習形式
本研究探討的單字練習形式僅涵括「單字填空」與「造句練習」兩類，但 是單字練習形式其實種類相當繁多。建議未來的研究可以繼續探討其他不同的 單字練習形式，例如：查字典、句子重組、配對法等等，與涉入量假說之間的 關係。
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附錄一：四篇文章與閱讀理解問題
The Package
One day a mailman went to a house. He rang the bell. Then a window on the second floor opened. A woman put her head out.
―What is it?‖ she asked. very expensive shop. What’s in the package?‖
―Madam,‖ the mailman said, becoming annoyed. ―I don’t know. Why don’t you come down and take the package from me? Then you can open it.‖
―Oh, I can’t do that,‖ the woman said.
The Best Salesman in the World
One day Henry saw an advertisement in the newspaper. It said: ―We are looking for the best salesman in the world.‖
―I’m an incredible salesman.‖ Henry thought. ―I can sell anything. I will go a thousand boxes of this candy. If you can sell them all before the weekend, I will hire you.‖
―That’s easy,‖ Henry said. He took the boxes of candy and left.
Every day Henry tried to sell the candy. But he couldn’t sell any because the candy was so bad. At the end of the week, he went back to the manager.
―I’m sorry, sir. I was wrong. I am not the best salesman in the world. But I know who is.‖ Henry said.
―Who?‖ the manager asked.
―The person who sold you a thousand boxes of this candy is the best salesman in the world,‖ Henry said.
advertisement n. 廣告 incredible a. 極棒的 apply v. 應徵
Violin Lessons
―Daddy, may I learn to play the violin?‖ young Mary asked her father. She was always asking for things and her father was not very pleased.
―I will practice every day, Daddy.‖ Mary said. ―I will try very hard.‖
―All right,‖ her father said. ―This is the rule. I will pay for you to have lessons for six weeks. At the end of six weeks you must play something for me. If you play well, you can have more lessons. If you play badly, I will stop the lessons.‖
―OK, Daddy,‖ Mary said. ―That’s fair.‖
So Mary began her violin lessons.
After six weeks, Mary was ready to play for her father.
―I am ready to play for you, Daddy.‖ Mary said.
―Fine, please begin.‖ Daddy said.
Mary began to play. She played very badly. Her father had a friend with him and the friend put his hands over his ears.
When Mary finished, her father said, ―Well done, Mary. You can have more lessons.‖ Mary was very happy and ran out of the room.
Her father’s friend turned to him and said, ―But she played badly!‖
―I know,‖ her father said. ―But after she began to play the violin, many of the neighbors moved away and I was able to buy five apartments very cheaply. In another six weeks I will own the building.‖
pleased a. 開心的 rule n. 規則 pay v. 付費
（ ）2. Mary’s father would pay（付費）for violin lessons for a. two weeks.
b. a month.
c. six weeks.
d. a year.
（ ）3. Mary’s father let Mary continue（持續）her violin lessons because a. she played very well.
b. she liked the violin a lot.
c. the violin lessons were free.
d. he could buy more apartments at a low price.
The Wrong Medicine
A farmer had a very valuable cow. The cow was sick and he was very worried.
He called the veterinarian.
―What’s the problem?‖ the vet asked him.
―My cow is sick,‖ the farmer said.
The vet looked at the cow and said, ―She needs to take some very strong medicine.‖ Then the vet gave the farmer two pills.
―How do I give her the pills?‖ the farmer asked.
The vet gave him a long tube, ―Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That’ll make her swallow them.‖
The vet left.
The next day he came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside. He looked miserable.
―How is your cow?‖ the vet asked.
d. asked the farmer to take the pills himself.
（ ）3. Who finally ate the pills?
a. The cow.
b. The vet.
c. The farmer.
d. No one.
附錄二：四篇文章搭配之單字填空練習
附錄二：四篇文章搭配之單字填空練習