第六章、 結論
第二節 建議
一、經由調查得知本研究紙廠的吸菸率偏高，而且跟員工自覺呼吸症狀 有有最強的相關性，為了提昇企業形象，保護職場員工健康及減少 不抽菸員工二手菸暴露，降低員工因疾病而損失的勞動力，可訂定 無菸或限菸政策，推動菸害教育，獎勵戒菸員工，由主管帶頭響應，
達到「無菸職場」的目標。
二、雖然此次環境採樣其總粉塵即可呼吸性粉塵濃度不高，但是其粉塵 質量中位數氣動粒徑大部份位在可呼吸性粉塵範圍，適當的呼吸防 護具使用仍有其必要。將來可進一步分析生物性氣膠的環測值，以 評估其暴露及危害程度。
三、本研究紙廠勞工在肺功能方面發現實測值比正常預估值偏低，應每 年定期追蹤，以期早期發現肺功能降低速率是否超過正常程度。
四、除了呼吸道症狀及肺功能的量測外，以適當的問卷來評估呼吸系統 相關之生活品質，可以提供企業界作為參考，以協助員工維護及促 進健康體能。
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表1-1 台灣已發現的職業性呼吸系統疾病[6]
MDI：Diphenylmethane diisocyanate 二異氰酸二苯甲烷，TDI：Toluene diisocyanate 二異氰酸甲苯
表1-2 各種紙漿性質之比較
機械製漿 化學製漿 半化學製漿
原料 闊葉樹及針葉樹 闊葉樹及針葉樹 闊葉樹及針葉樹
紙漿獲得率 95% 45~50% 60~85%
紙漿特性 白度低 纖維強度低 吸墨能力強
白度高 纖維強度大 耐久性佳
白度低 纖維強度低 不透明
用途 低級紙張如
雜誌、新聞紙 紙板、壁紙 衛生紙
模造紙 道林紙 圖畫用紙
黃紙板 包裝紙 新聞紙
表 2-1 造紙業勞工可能之職業危害
安全性危害 物理/化學性危害 人因工程/生物性危害 夾捲傷、高處墜落 高溫、噪音 肌肉拉傷
跌倒、重物撞擊 震動、觸電 下背疼痛 密閉空間作業 游離輻射 輪班作業 動線不良之碰撞 蒸汽 工作壓力
無安全衛生人員 維修焊接 生物性氣膠〈廢紙塵〉
無安全防護設備 粉塵、煤塵〈汽電共生〉 污泥堆肥〈空氣腐臭味〉
無物質安全資料表 各種致癌物〈紙業添加物〉 排放廢水
表 2-2 常見引起職業性上呼吸道疾病的有害物質[5]
鄰苯二甲酐（Acid Anhydride）
洋車前子（Psyllium）
切削油（Cutting oil）
切削油（Cutting oil）