第五章 討論
第二節 建議
壹、管理規範方面：
一、 於營業所應設置輸送帶或是滾輪等動力及無動力輔助搬運器具，以減少人工 搬運；出外配送時，應盡量使用手推車來移動物品，以減輕負擔。
二、 如遭遇物品重量較重或體積較大時，盡量降低單位重量及體積，如無法分 割，則需兩人或多人合力搬運。
三、 理貨員於營業所搬運時，由於受到空間限制的影響較小，應採取正確的搬運 姿勢，以不彎腰、腿部屈曲的姿勢來抬舉物體（蹲踞式抬舉），並減少彎腰 及扭轉身體的姿勢，後續再以輔助工具移動，降低持物走動的行為。
四、 將物品搬運上宅配車時，需將物品抬舉約60~90 公分，應使用斜坡等省力的 輔助工具，減少因抬舉高度而增加下背及肩膀的負荷。
五、 在車上理貨時，因空間狹小加上物品擺放位置，容易限制身體的動作，應避 免身體過度伸展和彎腰等不正確的搬運姿勢。
六、 宅配員工作時間過長，應於同一區增派人手，或將工作時間分成三班（上午、
下午、晚上），使宅配員生理及心理獲得足夠休息，避免傷害的累積。
七、 理貨員可在宅配員工作結束時，於營業所協助將車上貨物卸下，減少宅配員 的負擔。
八、 根據工作實務之觀察，宅配業勞工大部分採取不正確的搬運姿勢，應定期實 施教育訓練與工作監督，並可介紹及教導各種輔護具使用時機、方法，以減 少下背痛產生。
九、 由於宅配業工作壓力之大，業者需時常注意其勞工的心理狀態，讓員工能對
十、 宅配員駕駛時，應減低行車速度以及減少急踩剎車或快速轉彎的駕駛型態，
並於駕駛座下方增設減震裝置，減少全身振動的暴露。
十一、考慮人體工學因素，駕駛座之靠背應增加支撐下背部之設計，使宅配員於 駕駛時更確實貼靠在椅背上，減少下背肌肉的負擔。
十二、職場應推動運動促進計畫，使工作者養成規律運動習慣，增進肌力、提高 反應能力，更能避免工作中的危險狀況，減少職業傷害的產生。
貳、未來研究方面：
一、 本研究只針對國內某家貨運宅配公司進行研究，而不同規模的宅配公司，會 因貨運量、營業範圍甚至是目標方針等因子而有所差異，未來可針對不同層 級或不同區域之貨運宅配業採取大規模的研究調查。
二、 本研究對象為宅配員（人工搬運、全身振動）和理貨員（人工搬運），未來 可加入駕駛長途貨櫃曳引車的司機（全身振動）一併探討，進一步瞭解其危 險因子對於肌肉骨骼不適的影響程度。
三、 可針對姿勢方面加以探討，像是利用照相或是現場實況錄影方式，將其動作 再進一步採取肌肉骨骼傷害（musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs）人因工程檢 核表、OWAS（Ovako Working Posture Analysis System）等方法分析，更能明 確顯示其造成肌肉骨骼不適症狀的風險。
四、 對於全身振動暴露之分析，應同時考慮ISO 2631-5（2004）之規範，以減少 多次衝擊性全身振動暴露劑量因評估方法不同所造成之變異，避免低估全身 振動所造成的健康危害。
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