明顯改寫文意

首先筆者探討譯者如何明顯地改寫不利歐洲國家形象文句的意思，做法包括將負面 文意改寫為正面、憑添原作沒有的詞句和文意等。以下我將試舉幾例說明。

例1：

韋小寶又指著兩名羅剎兵道：「你們兩個來擲。」兩人知道倘若不擲，立時便死，擲一 把骰子，倒還有一半逃生的機會。一人戰戰兢兢的拿起骰子，正待要擲，另一名羅剎兵 伸手搶了過去，對韋小寶道：「我跟你擲！」神色極為傲慢。

韋小寶笑道：「好啊，你竟膽敢向我挑戰。你先擲。」（原作1959 頁）

譯文：The next pair reacted differently from one another. One of them was trembling and picked up one of the dice resignedly, the other, a more aggressive character, snatched it from him and challenged Trinket to play with him himself. Trinket let him have both the dice and took out another pair from his pocket. They were, of course, weighted. The Russian threw Seven and Trinket threw Ten.（第三卷，460 頁，底線為筆者所加。）

評析：Trinket let him have both the dice and took out another pair from his pocket. They were, of course, weighted.這兩句並非原文文句，是譯者自行添加的句子，譯者這個做法有扭 曲原文文意之嫌，首先，從前文1958 頁可見，韋小寶只拿出一副骰子給俄軍擲骰，不 是譯文所寫的兩副，此外，雖然讀者的確可以早在原作第三回看出韋小寶愛耍老千，但 以上段落並未寫出骰子加鉛，譯者逕行添加這個文意，提醒了讀者韋習慣耍老千，不但 淡化了俄軍被迫擲骰的窘況，更暗指不存在於這段原文的意思：清方使詐，勝之不武。

例2：

餘下五名羅剎兵面面相覷，眼見這大力士都已輸了，自己絕非對手，誰都不敢說話。韋 21

小寶道：「你們認輸投降，就饒了不殺，否則就來跟我擲骰子。大家按照中國規矩，贏

譯文：The guards had to lift the man and carry him out. Soon there were seven heads on the table facing the five ashen-faced survivors, who were all visibly shaking with fear.

‘What about you lot?” said Trinket.

‘Mercy!’ said one of them ‘I’ll do whatever you want.’

‘And so will I.” ‘And so will I,’ said the others.

‘Good!’ said Trinket. ‘Now, give these men something to eat,’ he said to the guards. ‘And drink. And treat them well. Look after them. We’re going to need them.’（第三卷，462 頁）

評析：譯文文意與原文不同，在原文，起初僅一個俄軍同官兵投降並得到酒肉犒賞，同

譯文：With gleeful triumph the Russians saw signs that the Chinese army was planning to depart and crowded the wall-top, hooting derisively, to watch them breaking camp. As a farewell message, they undid the flaps of their breeches and pissed in the direction of the Chinese troops below.（第三卷，470 頁）

評析：原文「又」字透露俄軍向清兵射尿已非頭一遭，正因俄軍重覆這番行徑，韋小寶 才大怒，下令清軍一起向著雅克薩城頭小便，就此展開使用水龍攻城的行動，但譯者未 譯出俄軍已向清軍射尿第二次，而以As a farewell message, they undid the flaps of their breeches and pissed in the direction of the Chinese troops below.改寫俄軍的行為，以致俄軍 再三對清軍無禮的負面意涵大減。

事實上，先前1973 頁清軍何佑率軍攻城失利的情節已被譯者省略不譯，譯者既然

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排除了清方攻城失利的內容，俄軍隨後嘲笑清軍的反應（即「羅剎兵站在城頭拍手大笑，

更有數十名羅剎兵拉開褲子向城下射尿，極盡傲慢。」）也不用出現在譯文，而俄軍初 次射尿的劣行被譯者省略不譯後，改寫上述表示俄軍再次射尿的文意便不會影響譯文行 文邏輯。

由此可見，譯者改寫文意時，並未忽略文意連貫的重要性，在文意環環相扣之處，

他們的改寫策略也緊扣文意邏輯，是有意識地操縱文意。

例4：

人叢中有人叫了起來：「投降，投降！再不投降，大夥兒都凍死啦。」

圖爾布青身披貂裘，左手撐傘，騎著一匹高頭大馬來回巡視，聽得有人大叫「投降」，大 聲怒喝：「誰在這裏擾亂軍心？奸細！拉出來槍斃！」（1983 頁）

譯文：A small deputation approached Tolbusin as he was crossing the central square accompanied by several of his officers. He grew angry. He called them traitors and threatened to have them shot.（第三卷，474 頁）

評析：筆者認為上述譯文被改寫得最劇烈的一點是絲毫未譯出雅克薩城居民有意向清軍 投降，僅表示A small deputation approached Tolbusin，明顯粉飾了原文中俄國人被清軍水 龍攻擊後可憐無助的模樣，而若譯文不提雅克薩城居民有意投降，圖爾布青又何必稱他 們為叛國賊、威脅槍斃他們？譯者的策略使文意邏輯出現漏洞。

例5：

（不一日，羅剎欽差大臣費要多羅在尼布楚城得報清軍大至，忙差人送信，請清軍在原 地駐紮，他立即過來相會。）

韋小寶道：「不用客氣了，還是我們來拜客吧！」清軍浩浩蕩蕩的開抵尼布楚城下。薩布 素、朋春、馬喇分統人馬，繞到尼布楚城北、城南把守住了要道，既截住了尼布楚羅剎 軍的退路，又阻住西來援軍。韋小寶親統中軍屯駐城東。中軍流星炮射上天空，四面號 炮齊響。

尼布楚城中羅剎大臣、軍官、士卒望見清軍雲集圍城，軍容壯盛，無不氣為之奪。費要 多羅當即備了禮物，派人送到清軍軍中（2008 頁）

譯文：When this had been translated, Trinket replied, equally politely, that he wouldn’t dream of putting the Russian envoy to so much trouble. He looked forward to meeting His

Excellency in Nerchinsk itself and intended to proceed there without delay. This message, translated by the Dutch interpreter with improvements suggested by the Russian priest, was

carried back by the same rider. By the time Golovin received it, he saw with dismay that

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Nerchinsk was about to be besieged by a Chinese army large enough to engage in a major battle.（第三卷，485 頁）

評析：原文中，尼布楚城的俄國大臣、軍官、士卒親眼望見清軍浩浩蕩蕩地來到城下，

無不氣為之奪，但在譯文，費要多羅在接到清軍來信後，僅想像城垣將被大批清軍圍攻，

並感到灰心喪志。

譯者幾乎沒有處理清軍如何圍繞尼布楚城，不譯參與圍攻的清軍要員、圍攻做法等 細節，而且僅表示費要多羅一人感到喪膽（原文中，俄國大臣、軍官、士卒皆氣為之奪），

最重要的是，譯者完全不提費要多羅看到清軍軍容後，隨即派人向清軍送禮一事，俄軍 因灰心失志而急於向清軍示好的動作被譯者抹滅了。

例6：

（韋小寶）跟著便以揚州話罵道：「辣塊媽媽，我入你鬼子十七八代老祖宗。」這一句話 出口，揚州的罵人粗話便流水價滔滔不絕，將費要多羅的高祖母、曾祖母、以至祖母、

母親、姊妹、外婆、姨媽、姑母，人人罵了個狗血淋頭。羅剎國費家女性，無一倖免。（2010 頁）

譯文：

and because he was rattled, lapsed into Chinese and began cursing and swearing in his native Yangzhou dialect, to the despair of the interpreters, who interpreted a particularly indecent

oath of Trinket’s as a desire of His Excellency the Chinese Ambassador to marry His Excellency the Russian Ambassador’s mother.（第三卷，487 頁）

評析：《重編國語辭典修訂本》顯示「入」一字有「發生性關係」的意思，韋小寶在氣頭 上罵人用到這字，恐怕取用的正是這個意思，因此，上述「入」字的意思與譯文中marry 一字顯然不同。譯者可能認為原文文意太過粗鄙且羞辱俄國人，決定改寫。

例7：

索額圖道：「貴使是羅剎國大臣，就算沒甚麼學問，但羅剎國的歷史總是知道的？」（2021 頁）

譯文：‘I know nothing about Russian literature,’ said Songgotu, ‘but I am sure there must be written history….’（第三卷，489 頁）

評析：原作中，索額圖諷刺俄使費要多羅不太有學問，但到了譯文，他竟反過來自承對 俄國文學一無所知，文意完全不同，譯者大幅改寫後，原作者譏刺俄國的用意被譯者剔 除了。

例8：

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韋小寶大聲道：「好啊，雙方說好不得攜帶火器，你們羅剎鬼子太也不講信用。」走前幾

There was outrage on the Chinese side. It was Golovin himself who had drawn up the rules which were to be observed throughout the talks, one of which specifically prohibited the carrying of firearms. Songgotu formally protested at this breach of faith and his protest was translated into Russian by one of the interpreters. Replying through the interpreter, Golovin claimed that it was in disobedience to his orders that the captain had been carrying the pistol:

he had expressly ordered his guards to leave their firearms behind.

‘Tell him to get them all to dismount and lay down their weapons,’said Trinket.‘Including firearms.’

While this was being relayed and then translated by the interpreter, and while Golovin, with two swords still at his throat, was giving this order to the Cossacks, Trinket sent a runner to the main Chinese army in the rear with orders to advance, bringing the cannon with them, and take up nearer positions in full view of Nerchinsk. Meanwhile the Cossacks had begun dismounting and laying down their sabres. None of them, apparently, had any firearms.

……

His suspicion proved not unfounded. Three soldiers of Lin’s company began searching the men in the front line of the Cossacks. They searched each man in turn, two of them standing guard while the third did the actual searching. They had only reached the third man in the row when they had already found four pistols: the first and third Cossacks had a pistol each, the one between them had two. As each pistol was produced, Golovin expressed astonishment and indignation. This was disgraceful, he said. The men would be severely punished for their disobedience.

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“You can’t trust these people,’ said Trinket. ‘Better strip-search those fellows in case you’ve missed anything.’ (He didn’t for a moment think they had missed anything, but he had other reasons.)

Protesting somewhat, (1)the three were stripped to the buff in front of all their fellows.

Trinket suggested that the rest of the Cossack guard might prefer to hand over their firearms themselves rather than submit to the humiliation of being publicly undressed.

This was translated by an interpreter, Golovin being, by now, speechless with confusion and shame. It had the desired effect. (2)A total of two hundred and seventy-five pistols were collected. That is to say, not counting the captain and the three who had been searched and stripped, the remaining two hundred and fifty-six men all had one pistol each except for fourteen of them who each had a pair.

Trinket ordered that the Cossacks have their hands tied behind them. They were then made to form a column and marched off, guarded by Lin Xingzhu’s Specials, and handed over at the gates of Nerchinsk.（第三卷，491-492 頁）

上述畫底線譯句中three、four、two hundred and seventy-five、two hundred and fifty-six men 和fourteen 等數字原先皆不存在於原文。

可是譯者的用意不僅是「幫俄軍穿回褲子」，似乎也打算扭轉關於清軍的文意。原 文表示「尼布楚城下羅剎兵望見情勢有變，慢慢過來。東邊清軍也拔隊而上。兩鄰相距 數百步，列陣對峙。」但譯者不譯俄軍見情勢有變，慢慢靠近，倒將文意改寫為正當費

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要多羅要求俄軍下馬並放下武器時，韋隨即派人通知後方清軍攜帶大砲前進，並在可看 見尼布楚城全景的近處就定位，給予讀者清軍在費要多羅被包圍和俄軍被搜身之際趁隙 進逼的錯覺。

例9：

韋小寶見此情形，倒也好笑，命親兵引他到後帳休息，嚴加看守（2029 頁）

譯文：

It was explained to Golovin through the interpreter that he was being invited to spend the night in the Chinese camp. A tent was being placed at his disposal. He could, if he wished, return to

Nerchinsk in the morning; but meanwhile he would appreciate that, for his own safety, it would be necessary to place a Chinese guard on the tent. Golovin made no rejection, having

already made it clear that he regarded himself as a prisoner and was acting under duress, and when the soldiers arrived who had been detailed to show him where he was to sleep, he offered no resistance, but rose from the table and followed them in silence.（第三卷，495 頁）

評析：上述原文文句僅四句，但譯者將它們改寫擴張為一個段落，自行添加一些文意，

例如透過口譯員告知費要多羅已備妥帳蓬供他使用、邀請他暫住一宿、隔天早上即可離

例如透過口譯員告知費要多羅已備妥帳蓬供他使用、邀請他暫住一宿、隔天早上即可離