第五章 結論、限制與建議
第三節 研究建議
為配合國際會計準則之發展,我國目前已於民國 97 年發佈財務會計準則公報 第四十號保險合約之會計處理準則,但由於尚未強制適用40,因此實際影響尚無法 評估。由於與國際會計準則接軌為我國會計制度之最終目標,因此保險業之保單 在未來勢必要面對公平價值的評價問題,由於台灣之保險公司過去出售許多高利 率保單,一旦採用公平價值評價,首要面臨之難題便是鉅額準備金之提列,此一 提列行為很可能會劇烈地衝擊我國保險業之營運。因此,為避免我國保險業未來 因無法承受過於劇烈的改變,以致經營產生問題,本論文提出以下四點建議:
一、 持續追踨國際會計準則之發展,針對保險公司契約之資產與負債之評價 進行研究,以彌補我國目前保險會計之不足。
二、 參考國外相關文獻,加速修訂我國隱含價值揭露原則之相關規定,幫助 保險業了解公司目前保單之價值,並儘早適應公平價值基礎下的評價方 式。
三、 建立人壽保險業在價值評估基礎下的資料庫,以協助國內研究人員進行 相關問題之研究,進而發展出解決問題之方法。
四、 由於目前隱含價值與公司各種財務指標間的攸關性研究還相當缺乏,因 此建議後續研究者待往後國內資料較齊全時,可以進行隱含價值與公司 各種財務指標間攸關性之研究。
40 民國一百年實施,但公司可以提前適用。
73
附錄 A:專有名詞對照表
ABI:Association of British Insurers
AcSB: The Accounting Standards Board ASB :Accounting Standards Board
AV:Appraisal Value
CAPM:Capital Asset Pricing Model DSOP:Draft Statement of Principles
DSOP: Draft Statement of Principles EV:Embedded Value
EEV:European Embedded Value
FASB:Financial Accounting Standards Board FS:Free Surplus
IAD:Insurance Accounts Directive
IASB:International Accounting Standards Board IASC:International Accounting Standards Committee MSSB:Modified Statutory Solvency Basis of Accounting MV:Market Value
PVFP:Present Value of Future Profit
74
RC:Required Capital SV:Shareholder Value
75
參考文獻
一、 中文部分
范姜肱,民國 90,保險學,前程企業管理有限公司。
凌氤寶,康裕民,陳森松,民國 92,保險學理論與實務,華泰文化事業股份有限 公司。
財團法人會計研究發展基金會,民國 97,財務會計準則公司第四十號「保險合約 之會計處理準則」。
中華民國人壽保險商業同業公會,民國 97,中華民國人壽保險商業同業公會會員 公司自行對外揭露隱含價值應遵循之原則。
陳慧珊,民國 93,壽險保單隱含價值之探討,國立高雄第一科技大學風險管理與 保險研究所。
吳啟銘,民國 90,企業評價個案實證分析,智勝文化事業有限公司。
二、 英文部分
Bromwich, 2006, Fair Value—part 2, LSE working paper: London.
Campbell C. Brian, 2002, Embedded Value of Life Insurance Product Lines, Boston Annual Meeting.
CFO Forum, 2004, European Embedded Value Principles and Basis for Conclusions.
CFO Forum, 2004, European Embedded Value Principles.
CFO Forum, 2005, Additional Guidanceon European Embedded Value Disclosures.
Duverne Denis, Douit Le Jacques, 2007, IFRS for Insurance: CFO Forum Proosals, The
Geneva Paper, 2007, 32, pp62-74
76
Deloitte, Landon., 2009, 29599 Insurance Accounting Newsletter
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/article/0,1002,sid%253D14424%2526cid%253D25220 5,00.html
Hicks, J.R., 1946, Value and Capital, Chapter 6, Oxford University Press.
Hodder L., Hopkins P., and Wahlen J., 2006, Risk-Relevance of Fair Value Income Measure for Commercial Banks, Accounting Review (April 2006).
Horton, Joanne, 2007, the value relevance of ‘realistic reporting’: evidence from UK life insurers, Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 37. No3, pp 175-179.
Horton, Joanne, Macve Richard, Serafeim George, 2009, Market Consistent Embedded Values as ‘Fair Value’ Measurements for Life Insurance Accounting: a Step Too Far with Finance Theory?, SSRN, JEL Classification: G22, M41
International Accounting Standards Board, Agenda paper, Oct. 2008, available at http://www.iasb.org/Current+Projects/IASB+Projects/Insurance+Contracts/Meetin g+Summaries+and+Observer+Notes/IASB+October+2008.htm.
Klumpes J.M., Paul, 2002,Incentives facing life insurance firms to report actuarial earnings: Evidence from Australia and UK, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and
Finance 17(3): 237–258.
Klumpes J.M., Paul, 2005, Managerial Use of Discounted Cash-Flow or Accounting Performance Measures: Evidence from the U.K. Life Insurance Industry, The
Geneva Papers, 2005, 30, pp.171-186
Lee, C.M.C.,2001, Market Efficiency and Accounting Research: A Discussion of
“Capital Markets Research in Accounting” by S.P. Kothari, Journal
of Accounting & Economics 31(1-3): 233-253.
Metha, S., 1996, Quantifying the success of a life office, paper presented at the Staple Inn Actuarial Society.
Mueller Huber, 2003, Uncovering Value, Best’s review; Oct 2003; 104, 6, pp.61-65.
Otley, D.T. and Fakiolas, M., 2000, Reliance on accounting performance measures:
77
Dead end or new beginning?, Accounting, Organizations and Society 25(4):
497–510.
Shin, H.S. (ed.), 2004, Derivatives Accounting and Risk Management: Key Concepts and Impact of IAS39, London: Risk Books.
Swiss Insurance, 2002, On the Calculation of Embedded Value, available at
http://www.swisslife.com/etc/slml/slcom/obedl/1/600/734.File.dat/Ev-Methology%
20englisch.pdf
Tillinghast Towers, Perrin (2006a), Interpreting Market-Consistent Valuations, Update (March).
Tillinghast Towers, Perrin (2006b) Market-Consistent Embedded Values: emerging trends in financial reporting, presentation by James Creedon, FIA , available at http://www.towersperrin.com/tillinghast
Wallace, 1997, Adopting residual-income based compensation plans – do you get what you pay for?, Journal of Accounting and Economics 24(3): 275–300.