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第二，本論文以探索性與驗證性因素分析結果較支持貝氏無望感量表為二因 素結構，且從二因素的題目內容上恰巧反映正負向未來思考的內涵，但其可能也 會受到題目計分方式的影響。因此，為了要更確立此量表具備測量兩種未來思考 的構念效度，未來研究可採用聚歛/區別效度的分析方式，以提供此量表具備良 好效度的證據。
第三，本論文採用相關研究設計，雖然採用結構方程模式的方式探討變項間 關係，但因使用單一資料收集時間點的橫斷法，且並無實驗操弄的設計，故在推 論變項間的預測方向有所限制。因此，未來研究可採用縱貫研究的方式，以達到 更能確立變項間預測方向的研究目的。
第四，本論文採用方便取樣的方式，取樣學校限於台北與新竹地區的公、私 立大學，也並未控制學校、性別與年齡等的變項，故欠缺樣本的代表性與推論性。
因此，未來研究宜採用隨機與分層抽樣的方式，減少抽樣誤差而增加論文結果的 類推性。
第五，本論文並非針對真正的臨床樣本進行模式考驗，故其結果在推論到憂 鬱症患者上須小心謹慎。因此，未來研究宜採用臨床樣本對模式二與模式五進行 驗證。
第三節 研究貢獻
本論文共有三項研究貢獻。首先，本研究結果支持貝氏無望感量表為正負向 未來思考的二因素結構，亦支持正負向未來思考代表正負向期待的理論觀點
（Abramson et al., 1989; MacLeod et al., 1993），為臨床實務提供一個有理論與證 據支持的測驗工具。第二，本研究結果發現負向未來思考為正向未來思考與憂鬱 症狀間的中介變項，此為無望感相關的研究中首度分析兩類未來思考的互動方式，
並突顯正向未來思考在憂鬱症狀中的保護因子角色。第三，本研究結果支持 Trew
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（2011）整合性理論的重要假設，需要同時考慮 BAS 與 BIS 對於憂鬱症狀的影 響，並且部份支持兩系統與正負向經驗或認知間並非兩條絕對獨立的路徑；同時，
並根據此模式提出憂鬱症狀相關的介入或治療應注意或強調的機制或策略。
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附錄一：研究者參與同意書
您好！我是政大心理系碩士班學生胡肇勳，感謝您有意願參與本研究的相關 調查。本研究的目的探討性格、思考與情緒間的關係，以作為臨床心理病理學研 究之參考。
由於每個人皆具有獨特的經驗與想法，所以感受並不相同，故沒有所謂的正 確答案，因此請您以自己的真實狀況作答。
在研究的資料收集中，我們會全程保密，並由研究人員妥善管理，不會外流，
請您安心作答。您在問卷中所填寫資料皆採不具名方式進行，所有的參與者均會 授予一個編號，並據此作為資料分析的代號。因此，您的身分絕不會被辨識出來，
研究結果發表時，也不會有呈現任何跟您個人有關的資料，請您放心。
如果您對這項研究有任何疑問，請透過 email 與主要研究者胡肇勳連絡。連 絡 email 為 99752004@nccu.edu.tw
參與者填寫 我已被充分告知該項研究內容，並在充分了解研究內 容後，自願參加由胡肇勳所負責的研究計劃。
同意參與研究者簽名：
日期：中華民國 年 月 日
國立政治大學心理學系 指導教授許文耀教授 胡肇勳研究生 敬上 2012 年
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附錄二：基本資料問卷
編號：
請填寫或勾選您的狀況
1.年齡： 歲（實歲）
2.性別：□男性 □女性
3.學校所在：□北部 □中部 □南部 □東部
4.學院： □理/工 □醫/農 □人文/教育 □商管/法律 □設計/科技 □其他 5.年級：□大一 □大二 □大三 □大四 □其他
6.家境：□低收入 □一般 □小康 □富裕 □其他 7.有無於醫院或診所的精神科就診過？
□無
□有。何時： ；原因：
是否現在仍持續回診或服藥？□無 □有
‧
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幾乎都 不是 (0-20)
很少
(21-40)
有時候
(41-60)
常常
(61-80)
幾乎都 是 (81-100) 16.只要我覺得某件事情可能會是有趣的，
我就會去嘗試它 1 2 3 4 5
17.如果做一件事可能會受到懲罰，那我就
不會去做了 1 2 3 4 5
18.我常因一時興奮就行動 1 2 3 4 5
19.我會以「排除萬難」的態度去追求我想
要的東西 1 2 3 4 5
20.當我知道有機會去得到我想要的東西
時，我會馬上行動 1 2 3 4 5
21.有好事情發生在我身上，我會受到很大
的影響 1 2 3 4 5