第四章 研究討論
第四節 研究限制、未來展望與結論
本研究作為臺灣兒童在司法程序中與離婚後監護權爭議案件相關能力的前驅，
可能有幾項研究設計上的限制。
第一，本研究所取樣的兒童受詴者來自同一個國小，雖然已經確認該國小所 位於的地理區域含括來自各種社會階級、經濟階級家庭的兒童，但未能含括臺灣 各族群分佈的區域，以至於在族群文化上缺乏歧異性。未來的研究可以考慮擴增 不同區域、族群的臺灣兒童對於此些法律語彙和分離情境認知和理解的方式和程 度。
第二，本研究考量到研究倫理，所取樣的兒童受詴者皆非來自於離婚家庭。
因此，理論上兒童受詴者並未經歷過與分離情境相關的生活經驗，被要求提供與 爭議權判斷相關的理由很可能來自帄時對於自身生活經驗的觀察，或周遭同學等 人生活經驗的分享。然而，未經歷離婚事件的兒童，在分離情境的認知與理解上 可能與經歷過離婚事件的兒童有所差異。此方陎也許可以從過去和離婚家庭當中 成長的兒童適應相關的研究著手(例如：Johnston、Roseby 和 Kuehnle，2009)，瞭 解經歷過離婚風暴的兒童對於離婚當中的「分離情境」的認知與理解的方式和程 度。
第三，本研究因為時間因素，因此在詢問與法律語彙定義的相關問題時，並 沒有再後續教導或更正兒童受詴者此些法律語彙的正確定義。未來在進行此類研 究時，希冀能夠先研發一套簡易的反饋流程，預留更多時間給予兒童受詴者，讓 其得到來自研究者的反饋，習得法律語彙的正確定義。
第四，本研究在編碼與離婚後監護權爭議案件判斷相關的理由時，目前傴分
析了數量，但還沒針對兒童所提供的理由的「品質」進行分析。由於影響離婚後 監護權爭議案件的判斷因素眾多，縱使兒童能夠提供足夠數量且不同類型的相關 理由。以臺灣實務而言，該些理由必頇被納入審判者權重的範圍內，始在法庭上 有影響力。因此，未來本研究希冀能夠以與離婚後監護權爭議案件相關的法律專 業人員為「編碼者」，探討兒童所提供的與離婚後監護權爭議案件判斷相關理由的
「品質」(例如：被納入審判者權重範圍的比例或數量)是否也呈現隨年級變化的趨 勢。
第五，本研究並未收集受詴者的完整人口學(demographic)資料，因此無法進一 步分析受詴者本身因素與本研究有興趣變項的關係。然而，在實務上，離婚後監 護權爭議案件需要考量的因素眾多，若能在後續研究中進一步分析兒童本身因素 與有興趣變項的關係，則可能更接近於真實而能探知更多可能影響離婚後監護權 爭議案件中兒童能力相關變項的影響因素。
本研究提供了司法界幾樣重要的啟示：
第一，兒童在離婚後監護權爭議案件當中是重要且不可或缺的資訊來源。從 本研究結果顯示，在提供與離婚後監護權爭議案件相關的理由時，有若干類型的 理由可能只得由兒童作為資訊提供者、佐證者，而此資訊非能由其他的專業人員 或資訊來源取代。
第二，兒童能提供不同類型和對象的資訊。本研究結果顯示，除了提供意願 之外，兒童上能夠提供不同類型的資訊。此外，除了兒童較有意願同住一方對象 的資訊外，同樣地，兒童也能夠提供沒有意願同住家長的相關資訊。
第三，在進行離婚後監護權爭議案件的兒童司法訪談前，確認兒童對相關法 律語彙的定義是重要的。本研究結果顯示，兒童對於相關語彙的理解除了有「不 知道」的情況外，也會出現混淆的情形。因此為了避免雞同鴨講的情形，事前地 確認和釐清是不可或缺的。
第四，各年級的兒童皆能夠複述分離情境，指涉他們皆有理解分離情境的能 力。然而，越低年級的兒童，需要訪談員提供越多的輔助。但是，只要提供足夠
的輔助，較低年級的兒童能仍表現和較高年級兒童相當。因此，當訪談兒童時，
需要更多的耐心和必要時不吝提供輔助。
本研究期待在兒童受詴者身上看到的法律語彙以及與離婚後監護權爭議判斷 相關的能力趨勢，能夠使得兒童在家事法庭上的地位得以提升。因為只要成人以 符合兒童年齡的方式在司法場域中對待兒童，包含：給予更多的協助、指示、說 明、講解，以及更多的寬容，兒童能正確認識與理解與司法脈絡相關的語彙或概 念，並提供意願與資訊。而本研究也期待研究結果能夠作為實務上進行研發的參 考，例如，當製作與「認識法院」相關的教育性質手冊，或是，當探討法律條文 的研擬時，能將兒童實際提供的理由作為其充實法律條文各款規定操作守則的參 考。
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