第六章 結論與建議
第三節 研究限制與建議
本研究以一間台灣營建產業做完個案分析進行深入的會議觀察與訪談,
由於研究時間、樣本數以及本人經驗之限制,難免有缺失與不足,期望未來 以此議題作為研究主題能夠加以修正與補充,以下列出本研究之研究限制:
一、受限於研究對象之個案數,僅針對單一公司進行深入觀察與訪談,無法 與其他多家個案公司進行整合比較,故本研究之發現恐不具普遍性。
二、本研究以台灣營建廠商的會議流程作為個案研究的採樣樣本,但實際會 議流程影響會議溝通效率的因素,可能會隨著產業不同而出現不一樣的 結果。使得本研究所分析的結果可能會隨著產業別不同與樣本數不同而 出現不一致之情形。
三、由於時間與資源的限制,研究者僅能利用 2011 年 6 月至 2011 年 12 月 跟隨個案公司一貣參與會議的時間進行觀察會議流程中對於會議溝通 協調與效率的影響,無法持續追蹤個案公司後續發展進行相關之研究。
110
本研究對於後續研究之建議:
一、 多選定一些產業的公司進行訪談與觀察,可觀察因為產業別的不同造 成會議流程模式或會議溝通模式的差異,可歸納出更多會議流程影響 會議溝通協調的因素。
二、 將組織設計因素納入因素的考量,觀察不同組織設計型態的企業:功 能性組織、矩陣式組織、專案組織,會議流程設計與會議溝通模式的 差異,將會發現更多影響會議流程效率的因素,並且可以透過組織設 計的角度進行會議流程的調整,對於企業整體效率的改善將更顯著。
三、 選擇更多性質的會議進行訪談與觀察,例如一般例行會議、創意發想 會議、策略發展會議、新產品研發會議等,更多性質的會議觀察會議 流程與設計上的差異,歸納會議流程的影響因素將會更完整。
111
參考文獻資料 英文部分
1. 3M Meeting Management Team, and Drew, J. “Mastering
meetings :discovering the hidden potential of effective business meetings.”
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
2. Albanese, R. A. “Managing: Toward accountability for performance.” 3rd.
Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1981
3. Amason, A. C. and Sapienza, H.J., ”The effect of top management team size and interaction norms on cognitive and affective conflict.” Journal of Management, Vol.23, No.4, pp.495-516., 1997
4. Amason, A. C. and Schweiger, D.M., “Resolving the paradox of conflict:
Strategic decision making and organizational performance.” International Jornal of Conflict Management, Vol.5, pp.239-253., 1994
5. Anton Nijholt and Toyoaki Nishida (Eds.), ”Conversational Knowledge Process for Social Intelligence Design” Springer International Publisher, pp159-165., 2004
6. Auger, B.Y., “How to run better business meetings a reference guide for managers the 3M Meeting Management Team.” New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987
7. Blake, R. R., Shepherd, H. and Mouton, J. S. “Managing infergroup conjhct in industry.” Houston: Gulf Publishing, 1964
8. Brown, D. L., “Managing conflict at organizational interfaces. ”Reading, MA:
Addison-Wesley, 1978
112
9. Daft, R. L and Lengel, R. H. “Information Richness: A new approach to managerial behavior and organizational design.” Cummings, L.L. and B.M.
Straw(Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior 6. Homewood.IL: JAI Press., 1984
10. David Carson, Audrey Gilmore, Chad Perry, and Kjell Gronhaug, ”Qualitative Marketing Research” Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001
11. De Dreu, Carsten and Van De Vliert, Evert , ”Using Conflict in Organizations”
Sage publication Ltd , 1997
12. Deutsch, M. “The resolution of conflict. ” New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973
13. Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S. Schindler. “Business Research Methods (7th ed.)” McGraw Hill International Edition, 2003
14. Doyle, M., and Straus, D. “How to make meeting work: the new interaction method” New York, NY: Jove Books, 1982
15. Drucker, P. “The Effective Executive.” New York: Harper & Row, 1967
16. Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., ”Building Theories From Case Study Research” The Academy of Management Review, Stanford University, 1989
17. Flaviu Roman, CRAFT, I&C, EPFL, “Improving Meetings Effectiveness using Interactive Artifacts” Edicresearch Proposal, 2009
18. Goffman, E. ” Encounters.” Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961
19. Green, W.A., and Lazarus, H. “Are today's executives meeting with success?”
Journal of management development, 1991
20. Guetzkow, H., and Gyr, J. “An analysis of conflict in decision-making groups.”
Human Relations, 1954
21. Hildreth, R.A. “The essentials of meeting management” Engelwood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 1990
113
22. Hill, G.W. “Group versus individual performance: Are N + 1 heads better than one? “ Psychological Bulletin, Vol.91, No.3, pp.517-539, 1982
23. Hodgetts, R. “Management: Theory, process, and practice. 3rd ed.” Chicago:
Dryden Press, 1982
24. Hy Mariampolski, ”Qualitative Market Research: A Comprehensive Guide”
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001
25. Janssen, O., De Vliert, E.V., and Veenstra, C.,”How task and person conflict shape the role of positive interference in management teams” Journal of Management, Vol.25, No.2, pp.117-142., 1999
26. Jehn, K.A. ”A qualitative analysis of conflict type and dimensions in organizational groups.“ Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.42, pp.530-557., 1997
27. Jehn, K.A. and Mannix, E.A, ”The dynamic nature of conflict: a longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance.” Academy of
Management Journal, Vol.44, No.2, pp.238-251., 2001
28. Jones, G.R., George, J.M., and Hill, C.W.L.”Contemporary Management 2e.”,US:
The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
29. Judith Langer, ”The Mirrored Window: Focus Group from a Moderator’s Points of View” Ithaca, NY: Paramount Market Publishing, 2011
30. Kahn and E. Boulding (Eds), “ Power and conflict in organization.” New York: Bosie, 1963
31. Katz, D. and Kahn, R. L. “The social psychology of organizing(2nd ed.)” New York: Wiley, 1978.
32. Kayser, T.A. “Mining group gold: how to cash in on the collaborative brain power of a group. 1st ed., El” Segundo, CA: Serif Publishing, 1990
33. Kreitner, R. “Management: A problem-solving process.” Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980
114
34. Lee, Shirley Fine “How should team meeting flow-RARA approach as a meeting process.”Booksurge Publishing LLC, 2008
35. March, J. and Simon, H.”Organizations.” New York: Wiley, 1973
36. Mary Anne C. Ashworth, ”A study of the conflict management styles of principals and superintendents in the public schools of Ohio” Bowling Green State University, 1989
37. McGrath J. E. and Holingshead, A. “Interacting With technology: Ideas, Evidence, Issues and an Agenda.“ Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 1994 38. McKenzie, R.A.” The time trap.” New York: NY: McGraw Hill, 1972
39. Mintzberg, H. “The nature of managerial work.” New York: Harper & Row, 1973
40. Monge, P.R., McSween, C., and Wyer, J. A “profile of meetings in corporate America: results of the 3M meeting effectiveness study” University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 1989
41. Mosvick, R., and Nelson, R. “We've got to start meeting like this! A guide to successful business meeting management.” Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1987
42. Mosvick, R.K. “Communication practices of managers and technical
professionals in four large scale high technology industries” Proceedings of Proceedings of Speech Communication Association National Convention, Louisville, KY, 1982.
43. Muzafer Sherif, “Superordinate goals in the reduction of intergroup conflict” American journal of Sociology, No.63, pp.155-156.,1958
44. Newman, W. Warren, E., and Schnee, J. “The process of management. 5th ed.”
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982
115
45. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr and Jay F. Nunamaker, Jr., "Meeting Analysis:
Findings from Research and Practice" System Sciences, Annual Hawaii International Conference, 2001
46. Nunamaker, J.F., Jr., Dennis, A. R., Valacich, J. S., Vogel, D. R.,
and George, J. F. “Electronic meeting systems to support group work:
theory and practice” Communications of the ACM, Vol.34, No.7, pp.40-61.,1991
47. Pondy, L.R. ”Organizational conflict: Concepts and models.” Administrative Science Quarterly, pp.296-320. ,1967
48. Priem, R.L and Price, K.H, ”Process and outcome expectations for the dialectical inquiry and devil’s advocacy, and consensus technique of strategic decision making,” Group and Organizational Studies, Vol.16, No.2,pp.206-225. ,1991
49. Rahim (Ed.), “Managing conflict: An interdisciplinary approach.” New York:
Praeger., 1983
50. Rahim, M.A., ”Empirical studies on managing conflict.” International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol.11, No.1, pp.5-8, 2000
51. Rice, P.L. “Making minutes count.” Business Horizons, pp18-20, 1973 52. Richard Wynn. ”Intra-Organizational Conflict in Schools” American
Association of School Administrators Convention,1977
53. Robbins, S.P., “Managing organizational conflict: A non-traditional approach.”
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974
54. Robbins, S.P., ”Organizational Behavior(10th)” US: Pearson Education Internal., 2003
55. Robert Davison, ”An instrument for measuring meeting success.”
Information & Management 32 , pp163-176, , 1997
116
56. Rue, L., and Byars, L. “Management: Theory and application.” Rev. ed.
Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1980
57. Schwartzman, H.B. “The meeting : gatherings in organizations and communities.” New York: Plenum Press, 1989
58. Scott, W. G. and Mitchell, T. R.”Organization theory: A structural and behavioral analysis.” Homewood, IL: Richard Irwin Publisher, 1976 59. Sheppard, B.H., ”The third party conflict intervention: A procedural
framework,” Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol.6, pp.141-190., 1984 60. Sheridan, J.H. “A $37 billion waste” Industry Week, Vol. 238, No.17,
pp.11-12. 1989
61. Simon, H. A. “ Administrative behavior” N.Y.:The free Press, 1976
62. Simons, T. L., and Peteson , R.S. ”Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: the pivotal role of interagroup trust.” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.85, No.1, pp.102-111., 2000
63. Sisk, H., and Williams, J. “Management & organization.” 4th ed. Cincinnati:
Southwestern, 1981
64. Stephen R. Axley, “Managerial and Organizational Communication in Terms of the Conduit Metaphor” The Academy of Management Review , Vol.9, No.3, pp.428-37., 1984
65. Taylor, D.W., and Faust, W. L. “Twenty questions: Efficiency in problem solving as a function of group size.” Journal of experimental psychology, Vol.44, pp.360-368., 1952
66. Taylor, F.W. “Group Management.” Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, No.24, pp.337-352., 1903
67. Thomas, K.W. “Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update”
Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol13, Issue 3, pp.265–274, 1992
117
68. Thomas, K.W. and Schmidt, W.H., “A survey of managerial interests with respect to conflict,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.19, No.2 , pp.315-318. ,1976
69. Tillman, R. “Problems in review: committees on trial.” Harvard Business Review, 47, May-June, pp.162-172., 1960
70. Trewatha, R., and Newport, M. ”Management: functions and behavior,3rd ed.
Plano” Texas: Business Publications, 1982.
71. Tropman, J.E., and Morningstar, G. “Meetings: how to make them work for you.“ New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold company, 1985 72. Tubbs, S.L. “A systems approach to small group interaction.3rd ed.” New
York: Random House, 1984
73. Wall, James A., Jr. and Ronda Roberts Callister “Conflict and Its Management”
Journal of Management, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 515-558., 1995
74. Wilfried M. Post, Anita H.M. Cremers, and Olivier Blanson Henkemans, ”A research environment for meeting behavior” 3rd Workshop on Social Intelligence Design, pp.159–165., 2004
75. Van de Ven, A.H. “An applied experimental text of alternative decision
making process.” Kent, OH: Center for business and economic research press, 1973.
76. Yin, R. K. “Case study research: Design and methods.” Washington. DC:
COSMOS Corporation., 1994
118
中文部分
1. 尤俊傑 (2010) 《臺灣北部地區建設公司經營策略之研究-策略矩陣之應用》。
國立政治大學,企業管理研究所,碩士論文
2. 古永嘉,楊雪蘭(譯)(2010)。企業研究方法。台北市:華泰文化。(Donald R Cooper‧Pamela S. Schindler)
3. 李南賢 (1991)。《企業管理》。台北市:華泰書局 4. 吳清山 (1992)。《學校行政》。台北市:心理出版社
5. 林英峰 (2005)。企業個案研究(第二版),台北市,台北市空中大學 6. 尚榮安(譯) (2001)。《企業個案研究》。台北市:弘智文化。(Yin, R. K.,
1994)
7. 胡帅慧 (1996)。《質性研究: 理論,方法及本土女性研究實例》。台北市:
巨流圖書有限公司
8. 胡偉良(1998)。《營建勝經(上),(下) 》。台北市:詹氏書局
9. 陳向明(2002)《社会科學質的硏究》。台北市:五南文化事業
10. 張明輝(1991) 《巴納德組織理論與教育行政》。 台北市: 五南文化事業 11. 劉孟華(譯) (2004)《James P Lewis-專案管理聖經》。台北市:臉譜出版社