第五章 討論
第七節 研究限制與建議
國
立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
進行介入時，從情緒方面著手對於患者的睡眠可能也有直接或間接的幫助。
第七節 研究限制與建議
雖然慢性腎臟病患者的睡眠問題已獲得不少研究者的重視，但是將未透析 患者和血液透析患者直接進行比較，探究各種因素影響的研究目前仍十分不 足，因此對於本研究的結果應視為探索性的發現，仍待更多研究的驗證。此外，
本研究有幾點限制是需要注意的。
1. 本研究考慮到問卷填答的效度，排除掉可能有認知問題的患者，這些 研究發現是否能類推到認知功能較差的患者是未知的。對於認知功能較差的患 者，後續研究可考慮使用為客觀的測量方式，例如腕動計(actigraphy)、多頻道 睡眠檢查(PSG)等，或者由家屬觀察來蒐集相關資訊。
2. 雖然本研究辨認出和慢性腎臟病患者睡眠問題較為相關的幾個因素，
但因為採用橫斷式的設計，無法據此推論這些因素是睡眠問題的原因、睡眠問 題產生的影響、又或者僅是因為其他未被發現的共同因素而和睡眠問題出現假 性相關？若欲釐清此問題，仍需進行縱貫式的研究以及相關治療的療效研究。
3. 過去研究發現部份血液透析患者在透析日和非透析日的睡眠型態有明 顯差異(Barmar et al., 2009)，但在本研究中，因為欲先了解患者睡眠情形的整體 形態，是請患者以「平均狀態」來評估自身的睡眠品質和失眠嚴重度，並且將 睡眠的不規律性當做一個影響因素來分析，而未深入探討這些差異的意涵。然 而形成這種差異的原因（是患者的因應方式？睡眠問題產生的結果？），以及這 種睡眠型態對患者主觀睡眠品質及其他層面的影響為何，對於了解患者們的睡 眠都是很重要的，建議後續研究可針對此現象做更深入的探討。
‧
張竣期、林慶雄、紀炳銓、與溫仁和（2007）。Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients。胸腔醫學，22(3)，153-161。
陳光慧（2009）。探討慢性腎臟病患者症狀困擾、壓力源、調適方法與生活品質
Achermann, P. (2004). The two-process model of sleep regulation revisited. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 75(Supplement 1), 37-43.
Agarwal, R., & Light, R. P. (2011). Sleep and activity in chronic kidney disease: a longitudinal study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 6(6), 1258-1265.
Al-Jahdali, H. H., Khogeer, H. A., Al-Qadhi, W. A., Baharoon, S., Tamim, H., Al-Hejaili, F. F., Al-Ghamdi, S. M., & Al-Sayyari, A. A. (2010). Insomnia in chronic renal patients on dialysis in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 8(7), 1-7.
Allen, R. P., Picchietti, D., Hening, W. A., Trenkwalder, C., Walters, A. S., &
Montplaisi, J. (2003). Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology: a report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health.
‧
Sleep Med, 4(2), 101-119.
Aoki, T., Kushimoto, H., Hishikawa, Y., & Savin, J. A. (1991). Nocturnal scratching and its relationship to the disturbed sleep of itchy subjects. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 16(4), 268-272.
Araujo, S. M., de Bruin, V. M., Nepomuceno, L. A., Maximo, M. L., Daher Ede, F., Correia Ferrer, D. P., & de Bruin, P. F. (2010). Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease: Clinical characteristics and associated comorbidities.
Sleep Med, 11(8), 785-790.
Aritake-Okada, S., Nakao, T., Komada, Y., Asaoka, S., Sakuta, K., Esaki, S., Nomura, T., Nakashima, K., Matsuura, M., & Inoue, Y. (2011). Prevalence and clinical characteristics of restless legs syndrome in chronic kidney disease patients. Sleep Med, 12(10), 1031-1033.
Association, A. P. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition (Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011). Insomnia as a predictor of depression: A meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 135(1–3), 10-19.
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2010). Sleep and emotions: a focus on insomnia. Sleep medicine reviews, 14(4), 227-238.
Barmar, B., Dang, Q., Isquith, D., Buysse, D., & Unruh, M. (2009). Comparison of sleep/wake behavior in CKD stages 4 to 5 and hemodialysis populations using wrist actigraphy. Am J Kidney Dis, 53(4), 665-672.
Bastien, C. H., Fortier-Brochu, É., Rioux, I., LeBlanc, M., Daley, M., & Morin, C.
M. (2003). Cognitive performance and sleep quality in the elderly suffering from chronic insomnia: relationship between objective and subjective measures. J Psychosom Res, 54(1), 39-49.
Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med, 2(4), 297-307.
Bastos, J. P., Sousa, R. B., Nepomuceno, L. A., Gutierrez-Adrianzen, O. A., Bruin, P.
F., Araujo, M. L., & Bruin, V. M. (2007). Sleep disturbances in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: role of dialysis shift. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 53(6), 492-496.
Bender, B. G., Ballard, R., Canono, B., Murphy, J. R., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2008).
Disease severity, scratching, and sleep quality in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol, 58(3), 415-420.
‧
novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disorders. Am J Kidney Dis, 35(6), 1052-1060.Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res, 52(2), 69-78.
Blackwell, T., Yaffe, K., Ancoli-Israel, S., Schneider, J. L., Cauley, J. A., Hillier, T.
A., Fink, H. A., & Stone, K. L. (2006). Poor sleep is associated with impaired cognitive function in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(4), 405-410.
Bonnet, M. H. (1997). Hyperarousal and insomnia. Sleep medicine reviews, 1(2), 97.
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1992). Caffeine use as a model of acute and chronic insomnia. sleep, 15, 526-536.
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1996). The consequences of a week of insomnia.
sleep, 19, 453-461.
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2010). Hyperarousal and insomnia: state of the science. Sleep medicine reviews, 14(1), 9-15.
Bootzin, R. R. (1972). Stimulus control treatment for insomnia. Proc Am Psychol Assoc, 7, 395-396.
Borbély, A. A. (1982). A two process model of sleep regulation. Human neurobiology, 1(3), 195-204.
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989).
The pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry research, 28(2), 193-213.
Carskadon, M. A., Dement, W. C., Mitler, M. M., Roth, T., Westbrook, P. R., &
Keenan, S. (1986). Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness. sleep, 9(4), 519-524.
Čengić, B., Resić, H., Spasovski, G., Avdić, E., & Alajbegović, A. (2010). Quality of sleep in patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Urology and Nephrology, 1-11.
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis, 40(5), 373-383.
Cheek, R. E., Shaver, J. L., & Lentz, M. J. (2004). Lifestyle practices and nocturnal sleep in midlife women with and without insomnia. Biological research for nursing, 6(1), 46-58.
Chen, H. Y., Cheng, I. C., Pan, Y. J., Chiu, Y. L., Hsu, S. P., Pai, M. F., Yang, J. Y.,
‧
Peng, Y. S., Tsai, T. J., & Wu, K. D. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep disturbance decreases inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int, 80(4), 415-422.
Chen, W. C., Lim, P. S., Wu, W. C., Chiu, H. C., Chen, C. H., Kuo, H. Y., Tsai, T. W., Chien, P. I., Su, Y. J., & Su, Y. L. (2006). Sleep behavior disorders in a large cohort of Chinese (Taiwanese) patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis.
Am J Kidney Dis, 48(2), 277-284.
Chiu, Y. L., Chuang, Y. F., Fang, K. C., Liu, S. K., Chen, H. Y., Yang, J. Y., Pai, M.
F., Peng, Y. S., Wu, K. D., & Tsai, T. J. (2009). Higher systemic inflammation is associated with poorer sleep quality in stable haemodialysis patients.
Nephrol Dial Transplant, 24, 247-251.
Chouchou, F., Pichot, V., Perchet, C., Legrain, V., Garcia-Larrea, L., Roche, F., &
Bastuji, H. (2011). Autonomic pain responses during sleep: A study of heart rate variability. European Journal of Pain, 15(6), 554-560.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression:
psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciencies (2nd ed.).
New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Czeisler, C. A., & Buxton, O. M. (2010). The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep–Wake Regulation. In R. M. H. Kryger, T. & Dement, W. C. (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (Fifth Edition) (pp. 402-419).
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Deyo, R. A., Cherkin, D. C., & Ciol, M. A. (1992). Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 45(6), 613-619.
Elder, S. J., Pisoni, R. L., Akizawa, T., Fissell, R., Andreucci, V. E., Fukuhara, S., Kurokawa, K., Rayner, H. C., Furniss, A. L., & Port, F. K. (2008). Sleep quality predicts quality of life and mortality risk in haemodialysis patients:
results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS).
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23(3), 998-1004.
Espie, C. A., Broomfield, N. M., MacMahon, K., Macphee, L. M., & Taylor, L. M.
(2006). The attention–intention–effort pathway in the development of psychophysiologic insomnia: a theoretical review. Sleep medicine reviews, 10(4), 215-245.
Espie, C. A., Broomfield, N. M., MacMahon, K. M. A., Macphee, L. M., Taylor, L.
M., & Dang, Q. (2006). The attention intention effort pathway in the development of psychophysiologic insomnia: A theoretical review. Sleep
‧
medicine reviews, 10, 215-245.
Finan, P. H., Goodin, B. R., & Smith, M. T. (2013). The Association of Sleep and Pain: An Update and a Path Forward. The Journal of Pain, 14(12), 1539-1552.
Finan, P. H., & Smith, M. T. (2013). The comorbidity of insomnia, chronic pain, and depression: Dopamine as a putative mechanism. Sleep medicine reviews, 17(3), 173-183.
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
Freedman, R. R., & Sattler, H. L. (1982). Physiological and psychological factors in sleep-onset insomnia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91(5), 380-389.
Fulda, S., & Schulz, H. (2001). Cognitive dysfunction in sleep disorders. Sleep medicine reviews, 5(6), 423-445.
Gellis, L. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2009). Sleep hygiene practices of good and poor sleepers in the United States: An internet-based study. Behavior Therapy, 40, 1-9.
Gigli, G. L., Adorati, M., Dolso, P., Piani, A., Valente, M., Brotini, S., & Budai, R.
(2004). Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Sleep Med, 5(3), 309-315.
Griffiths, M. F., & Peerson, A. (2005). Risk factors for chronic insomnia following hospitalization. J Adv Nurs, 49(3), 245-253.
Gusbeth-Tatomir, P., Boisteanu, D., Seica, A., Bug, C., & Covic, A. (2007). Sleep disorders: a systematic review of an emerging major clinical issue in renal patients. Int Urol Nephrol, 39, 1217-1226.
Hanly, P. J., Gabor, J. Y., Chan, C., & Pierratos, A. (2003). Daytime sleepiness in patients with CRF: impact of nocturnal hemodialysis. American journal of kidney diseases, 41(2), 403-410.
Harvey, A. G. (2000). Pre‐sleep cognitive activity: A comparison of sleep‐onset insomniacs and good sleepers. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(3), 275-286.
Harvey, A. G. (2002). A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour research and therapy, 40(8), 869-893.
Hauri, P. J. (2012). Sleep/Wake Lifestyle Modifications: Sleep Hygiene Therapy in Sleep Medicine (pp. 151-160). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Health, N. I. o. (2005). National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults, June 13-15, 2005. sleep, 28(9), 1049-1057.
Hedayati, S. S., Bosworth, H. B., Kuchibhatla, M., Kimmel, P. L., & Szczech, L. A.
‧
(2006). The predictive value of self-report scales compared with physician diagnosis of depression in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int, 69(9), 1662-1668.
Hedayati, S. S., Minhajuddin, A. T., Afshar, M., Toto, R. D., Trivedi, M. H., & Rush, A. J. (2010). Association between major depressive episodes in patients with chronic kidney disease and initiation of dialysis, hospitalization, or death.
JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 303(19), 1946-1953.
Hedayati, S. S., Minhajuddin, A. T., Toto, R. D., Morris, D. W., & Rush, A. J. (2009).
Prevalence of major depressive episode in CKD. American journal of kidney diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 54(3), 424.
Holley, J. L., Nespor, S., & Rault, R. (1991). Characterizing sleep disorders in chronic hemodialysis patients. ASAIO Trans, 37(3), 456-457.
Holley, J. L., Nespor, S., & Rault, R. (1992). A comparison of reported sleep disorders in patients on chronic hemodialysis and continuous peritoneal dialysis. American journal of kidney diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 19(2), 156.
Hsu, C. Y., Lee, C. T., Lee, Y. J., Huang, T. L., Yu, C. Y., Lee, L. C., Lam, K. K., Chien, Y. S., Chuang, F. R., & Hsu, K. T. (2008). Better sleep quality and less daytime symptoms in patients on evening hemodialysis: a questionnaire-based study. Artif Organs, 32(9), 711-716.
Hui, D., Wong, T., Li, T., Ko, F., Choy, D., Szeto, C., Lui, S., & Li, P. (2002).
Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese patients with end stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. Medical Science Monitor, 8(5), 331-336.
Iliescu, E. A., Coo, H., McMurray, M. H., Meers, C. L., Quinn, M. M., Singer, M. A.,
& Hopman, W. M. (2003). Quality of sleep and health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 18, 126-132.
Iliescu, E. A., Yeates, K. E., & Holland, D. C. (2004). Quality of sleep in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 19(1), 95-99.
Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Lindblom, K. (2008). A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population. J Psychosom Res, 64(4), 443-449.
Jefferson, C. D., Drake, C. L., Scofield, H. M., Myers, E., McClure, T., Roehrs, T.,
& Roth, T. (2005). Sleep hygiene practices in a population-based sample of insomniacs. sleep, 28(5), 611-615.
Jelicic, M., Bosma, H., Ponds, R. W., Van Boxtel, M. P., Houx, P. J., & Jolles, J.
(2002). Subjective sleep problems in later life as predictors of cognitive decline. Report from the Maastricht Ageing Study (MAAS). International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 17(1), 73-77.
‧
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., Romano, J. M., & Fisher, L. D. (1999). Comparative reliability and validity of chronic pain intensity measures. Pain, 83(2), 157-162.
Johns, M. W. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. sleep, 14(6), 540-545.
Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006). The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40(8), 700-708.
Jurado-Gamez, B., Martin-Malo, A., Alvarez-Lara, M., Munoz, L., Cosano, A., &
Aljama, P. (2007). Sleep disorders are underdiagnosed in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron Clinical Practice, 105(1), 35-42.
Keage, H. A. D., Banks, S., Yang, K. L., Morgan, K., Brayne, C., & Matthews, F. E.
(2012). What sleep characteristics predict cognitive decline in the elderly?
Sleep Med, 13(7), 886-892.
Koch, B. C., Nagtegaal, J. E., Hagen, E. C., van Dorp, W. T., Boringa, J. B., Kerkhof, G. A., & Ter Wee, P. M. (2008). Subjective sleep efficiency of hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol, 70(5), 411.
Koch, B. C., Nagtegaal, J. E., Hagen, E. C., Wee, P. M., & Kerkhof, G. A. (2010).
Different melatonin rhythms and sleep–wake rhythms in patients on peritoneal dialysis, daytime hemodialysis and nocturnal hemodialysis. Sleep Med, 11(3), 242-246.
Koch, B. C., van der Putten, K., van Someren, E. J., Wielders, J. P., Ter Wee, P. M., Nagtegaal, J. E., & Gaillard, C. A. (2010). Impairment of endogenous melatonin rhythm is related to the degree of chronic kidney disease (CREAM study). Nephrol Dial Transplant, 25(2), 513-519.
Kovacs, A. Z., Molnar, M. Z., Szeifert, L., Ambrus, C., Molnar-Varga, M., Szentkiralyi, A., Mucsi, I., & Novak, M. (2011). Sleep disorders, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life--a cross-sectional comparison between kidney transplant recipients and waitlisted patients on maintenance dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 26(3), 1058-1065.
Kurella, M., Luan, J., Lash, J. P., & Chertow, G. M. (2005). Self-assessed sleep quality in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol, 37(1), 159-165.
Kutner, N. G., Bliwise, D. L., Brogan, D., & Zhang, R. (2001). Race and Restless Sleep Complaint in Older Chronic Dialysis Patients and Nondialysis Community Controls. Journal of Gerontology, 56(3), 170-175.
Lacks, P., & Rotert, M. (1986). Knowledge and practice of sleep hygiene techniques in insomniacs and good sleepers. Behaviour research and therapy, 24(3), 365-368.
‧
Lavigne, G., Zucconi, M., Castronovo, C., Manzini, C., Marchettini, P., & Smirne, S.
(2000). Sleep arousal response to experimental thermal stimulation during sleep in human subjects free of pain and sleep problems. Pain, 84(2), 283-290.
Lavigne, G. J., Zucconi, M., Castronovo, V., Manzini, C., Veglia, F., Smirne, S., &
Ferini-Strambi, L. (2001). Heart rate changes during sleep in response to experimental thermal (nociceptive) stimulations in healthy subjects. Clinical neurophysiology, 112(3), 532-535.
Lee, J., Nicholl, D. D. M., Ahmed, S. B., Loewen, A. H. S., Hemmelgarn, B. R., Beecroft, J. M., Turin, T. C., & Hanly, P. J. (2013). The prevalence of restless legs syndrome across the full spectrum of kidney disease. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 455-459.
Lee, J. H., Kim, S. J., & Jung, H. H. (2009). Nocturnal sleep related with metabolic markers in end-stage renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis. Psychiatry investigation, 6(1), 34-38.
Levey, A. S., Bosch, J. P., Lewis, J. B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., & Roth, D. (1999). A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med, 130(6), 461-470.
Lichstein, K. L., & Rosenthal, T. L. (1980). Insomniacs' perceptions of cognitive versus somatic determinants of sleep disturbance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89(1), 105.
Lopes, G. B., Nogueira, F. C. P., de Souza, M. R., Penalva, M. A., de Amorim, J. L., Pisoni, R. L., Robinson, B. M., & Lopes, A. A. (2012). Assessment of the psychological burden associated with pruritus in hemodialysis patients using the kidney disease quality of life short form. Quality Of Life Research: An International Journal Of Quality Of Life Aspects Of Treatment, Care And Rehabilitation, 21(4), 603-612.
Malaki, M., Mortazavi, F. S., Moazemi, S., & Shoaran, M. (2012). Insomnia and limb pain in hemodialysis patients: what is the share of restless leg syndrome?
Saudi Journal Of Kidney Diseases And Transplantation: An Official Publication Of The Saudi Center For Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 23(1), 15-20.
Mazza, S., Magnin, M., & Bastuji, H. (2012). Pain and sleep: From reaction to action. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 42(5), 337-344.
McCrae, C. S., & Lichstein, K. L. (2001). Secondary insomnia: A heuristic model and behavioral approaches to assessment, treatment, and prevention. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 10(2), 107-123.
McCrae, C. S., Row, M. A., Dautovich, N. D., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H.,
‧
Riedel, B. W., Taylor, D. J., & Bush, A. J. (2006). Sleep hygiene practices in two community dwelling samples of older adults. sleep, 29(12), 1551.
Mei-Yeh, W., Shu-Fen, C., Lu, I. C., Tso-Hsiao, C., & Pei-Shan, T. (2013). Better sleep quality in chronic haemodialyzed patients is associated with morning-shift dialysis: A cross-sectional observational study. [Article]. Int J Nurs Stud, 50(11), 1468-1473.
Merlino, G., Lorenzut, S., Romano, G., Sommaro, M., Fontana, A., Montanaro, D., Valente, M., & Gigli, G. (2012). Restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients: a comparison between hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. [Article]. Neurological Sciences, 33(6), 1311-1318.
Merlino, G., Piani, A., Dolso, P., Adorati, M., Cancelli, I., Valente, M., & Gigli, G. L.
(2006). Sleep disorders in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21, 184-190.
Mitchell, A. J. (2009). A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the mini-mental state examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(4), 411-431.
Morin, C. M. (2010). Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Insomnia I:
Approaches and Efficacy. In M. H. Kryger, Roth, T. & Dement, W. C. (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (Fifth Edition) (pp. 866-883).
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Morin, C. M., Barlow, D. H., & Dement, W. C. (1993). Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management. New York: Guilford Press.
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011). The insomnia severity index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. sleep, 34(5), 601.
Mucsi, I., Molnar, M. Z., Rethelyi, J., Vamos, E., Csepanyi, G., Tompa, G., Barotfi, S., Marton, A., & Novak, M. (2004). Sleep disorders and illness intrusiveness in patients on chronic dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 19, 1815-1822.
Nebes, R. D., Buysse, D. J., Halligan, E. M., Houck, P. R., & Monk, T. H. (2009).
Self-reported sleep quality predicts poor cognitive performance in healthy older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64(2), 180-187.
Netzer, N. C., Stoohs, R. A., Netzer, C. M., Clark, K., & Strohl, K. P. (1999). Using the Berlin Questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Intern Med, 131(7), 485.
Nicassio, P. M., Mendlowitz, D. R., Fussell, J. J., & Petras, L. (1985). The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: The development of the pre-sleep arousal scale. Behaviour research and therapy, 23(3), 263-271.
‧
Noda, A., Nakai, S., Soga, T., Sugiura, T., Iwayama, N., Maeda, K., Atarashi, M., Yasuma, F., Ozaki, N., Yokota, M., & Koike, Y. (2006). Factors Contributing to Sleep Disturbance and Hypnotic Drug Use in Hemodialysis Patients.
Internal Medicine, 22, 1273-1278.
Novak, M., Mendelssohn, D., Shapiro, C. M., & Mucsi, I. (2006). Reviews:
Diagnosis and Management of Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Restless Legs Syndrome in Dialysis Patients. Semin Dial, 19(1), 25-31.
Novak, M., Shapiro, C. M., Mendelssohn, D., & Mucsi, I. (2006). Diagnosis and management of insomnia in dialysis patients. Semin Dial, 19(1), 25-31.
Ohayon, M. M. (2002). Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep medicine reviews, 6(2), 97-111.
Ohayon, M. M., & Roth, T. (2003). Place of chronic insomnia in the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research.
Pai, M. F., Hsu, S. P., Yang, S. Y., Ho, T. I., Lai, C. F., & Peng, Y. S. (2007). Sleep disturbance in chronic hemodialysis patients: the impact of depression and anemia. Ren Fail, 29(6), 673-677.
Parker, K. P., Bliwise, D. L., Bailey, J. L., & Rye, D. B. (2005). Polysomnographic measures of nocturnal sleep in patients on chronic, intermittent daytime haemodialysis vs those with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 20(7), 1422-1428.
Parker, K. P., Kutner, N. G., Bliwise, D. L., Bailey, J. L., & Rye, D. B. (2003).
Nocturnal sleep, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in stable patients on hemodialysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 1, 68.
Perlis, M. L., Giles, D. E., Mendelson, W. B., Bootzin, R. R., & Wyatt, J. K. (1997).
Psychophysiological insomnia: the behavioural model and a neurocognitive perspective. Journal of Sleep Research, 6, 179-188.
Ramkumar, N., Beddhu, S., Eggers, P., Pappas, L. M., & Cheung, A. K. (2005).
Patient preferences for in ‐ center intense hemodialysis. Hemodialysis International, 9(3), 281-295.
Riemann, D., & Voderholzer, U. (2003). Primary insomnia: a risk factor to develop depression? Journal of Affective Disorders, 76(1), 255-259.
Roumelioti, M. E., Argyropoulos, C., Buysse, D. J., Nayar, H., Weisbord, S. D., &
Unruh, M. L. (2010). Sleep quality, mood, alertness and their variability in
Unruh, M. L. (2010). Sleep quality, mood, alertness and their variability in