• 沒有找到結果。

第四章 綜合討論

第六節 研究限制與未來研究方向

壹、現實/網路尋求再保證之測量

本研究以中文版尋求再保證量表為基,自行編修了現實/網路尋求再保證量 表,並以當中第二個因素—現實/網路尋求再保證後果—作為人際拒絕的主要測

量。然而,此處的人際拒絕係以個體主觀評定的結果為主,因而可能混淆了主觀 詮釋與實際情況。若要完整了解實際人際歷程,除了個體主觀感受之外,應可測 量互動他者本身的實際感受與反應,提供進一步的幅合證據。

此外,本研究雖區分了網路與現實兩種不同的溝通情境,以論證現今網路溝 通盛行之際,尋求再保證亦會跨情境地出現於網路情境。然而,從研究結果可發 現網路尋求再保證與現實尋求再保證具高度顯著相關,且兩者平均數與變異數均 相當接近,而無論現實或網路情境,個體所尋求再保證的親近對象應有所重疊,

因而在不同管道上的行為頻率與覺知後果上即使略有差異,但不至差距過大。若 從概念上推想,雖網路尋求再保證之測量能代表網路人際活動的部分面貌,然而 若單純以「尋求再保證」加以測量,便已含括不同情境的尋求再保證評估。因此,

在概念上區分網路與現實溝通情境之必要性確實值得商榷。

貳、研究樣本限制

本研究於知名網路平台 PTT 的台大版與打工版招募 20 歲以上之成人受試者,

並於台大心理系電腦教室施測。最後進入施測程序的個體,其必要條件即為有使 用 PTT 且願意出門至台大施測的族群,故此一取樣方式觸及樣本的機率並不均 勻,致使樣本於母群的代表性較為有限。

此外,透過本研究資料的基本特性可發現,無論時間一或時間二的憂鬱與網 路成癮皆有偏高狀況,尤其是網路成癮之平均分數已相當接近篩選高網路成癮危 險群之切截分數,顯示本研究樣本可能有偏態之情形,建議後續研究能以較為隨 機之方式抽取樣本。

在年齡方面,參照 Newman 與 Newman(2014)重新劃分的心理社會發展階 段,18 至 24 歲的後青春期(late adolescence)對於自我認同、親密與社會關係

仍處邁向成熟的試驗期,而本研究樣本之年齡範圍介於 20 至 39 歲,20 至 24 歲 之人數便佔了多數(78%,141 人)。然而,由於本研究未對年齡進行相關假設,

且分析的事前檢驗亦未發現年齡與任何變項有顯著關聯,建議後續研究可多加思 索年齡於尋求再保證此一現象可能扮演之角色,以進行相應的量化檢驗。

參、網路成癮人際模型之擴充

為了進一步擴充網路成癮之人際模式,本研究列舉四點以供參考。

第一,若網路成癮可能與個體逐漸減少現實人際連結有所關聯,在個體實際 社交連結的不同程度下,是否有不同的人際病理歷程?當個體仍有實際對象可以 尋求再保證時,確實有可能因過度尋求再保證而遭致他人拒絕,此一處境可能提 高的網路成癮風險;然而當個體鮮少有對象能夠尋求再保證時,便難以有相應的 尋求再保證後果,此時尋求再保證後果可能便無法扮演致病角色。因此,後續研 究可針對現實社交連結之差異,以探討不同族群是否具有不同的網路成癮病理機 制。

第二,本研究結果發現,當同時考量網路成癮與憂鬱時,網路成癮能顯著直 接影響尋求再保證後果,反而憂鬱卻無此直接效果。究竟是什麼原因造成此一差 異?此為憂鬱個體與網路成癮個體於人際行為面(如社交技巧)之差異?或是其 人際處境中他者對待兩種不同症狀的態度差異?抑或是個體主觀知覺他人回應 的認知差異?上述人際與認知觀點值得進一步探究。

第三,本研究以人際行為層面來描繪人際風格、負向人際結果以及後續負向 適應結果之關聯,然而個體何以有此行為特性呢?當中是否有潛在的心理病理構 念(如自尊、依戀型態等)於此一人際歷程扮演了關鍵角色?

第四,本研究係以整體樣本進行模型之檢驗,而未針對性別進行詳細假設與

驗證,然而無論對網路成癮、憂鬱以及尋求再保證之研究而言,性別仍是重要議 題之一,因此未來研究有必要將性別納入考量,以建立更加完整的網路成癮人際 病理模式。

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附錄

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8. 我曾不只一次因為上網的關係而睡不到四小時 □ □ □ □ 9. 從上學期以來,平均而言我每週上網的時間比以前增加許多 □ □ □ □ 10. 我只要有一段時間沒有上網就會情緒低落 □ □ □ □

11. 我不能控制自己上網的衝動 □ □ □ □

12. 發現自己投注在網路上而減少和身邊朋友的互動 □ □ □ □

12. 發現自己投注在網路上而減少和身邊朋友的互動 □ □ □ □