研究限制與未來方向

第四章綜合討論

第三節研究限制與未來方向

本研究為初步探討強迫特質與不完整性/非恰好性感受對執行感的影響，雖然有以上之貢獻與應用的探討，然而本研究亦有其研究限制，下文分就樣本特性、

控制組、作業流程與未來研究方向，提出討論。

樣本特性。本研究參與者為台大學生樣本，若要將本研究結果推論到其他大學生上，則必須以不同大學的學生為參與者，以增加本研究結果的外在效度。此外，本研究的高強迫特質組雖採用OCI-R 分數高於 21 分，作為臨床強迫症樣本的類擬，而結果亦證實本研究樣本與過去研究的高不完整/非恰好性感受者具有相同的行為監控能力的缺損，但若要將本研究結果更精準的推論到臨床強迫症樣本上，

在未來可以考慮直接使用臨床強迫樣本來驗證本研究的結果。不過，從另一個角度而言，本研究使用學生樣本而非臨床樣本，其優點是可以排除精神科藥物對認知影響，亦較無共病所造成的混淆效果。

控制組。在恰好性感受誘發作業中，參與者的不舒適程度與焦慮程度在誘發前後的檢核雖未達到顯著效果，但是在高強迫特質組仍具有顯著趨勢，而且在欲調整擺設的強度顯著地高於低強迫特質者，此現象暗示著高強迫特質者在面對安排好的擺設下，仍有自己對擺設的個別標準。易言之，高強迫特質組對企求內在舒適感受的時候，使用的標準不論質或量都會高於一般正常控制組，這些標準都是主觀內在的感受，導致部分高強迫特質者在錯覺執行作業前，可能會接受到些許的不完整/非恰好性感受。因此，在未來的研究，建議可以增加一組完全無介入的控制組，藉以探討純粹的高強迫或不完整性感受特質者，其在錯覺執行作業中，

促發操弄與非促發操弄二者之間執行感的差異。

研究典範。本研究結果發現在中性圖片與非中性圖片的執行感並無顯著之差異，與Reuven-Magril 等人（2008）的研究結果不一致，在他們的研究結果發現受試者在非中性圖片有較高的執行感。此不一致的原因在前文論述中曾提到可能來自研究派典的不同以及圖片刺激等因素。因此，雖然本研究的非中性圖片在Aarts 等人（2005 ）的研究典範中並沒有產生意識迴避之情形，尚不能推論在 Reuven-Magril 等人（2008）的研究典範中亦無意識迴避之情況。因此，未來研究可以進一步利用此類型的連環圖系圖，在Reuven-Magril 等人（2008）的研究典範中再度驗證。

作業流程。本研究在嘗試序列中，以非促發操弄作為前測標準，再與促發操弄（後測）比較。根據 Aarts 等人（2005）的研究結果顯示這兩部分無論是分開或一起執行，其結果皆相同。本研究採取一同執行，其原因有二：首先為避免疲勞效果，而其次為減少練習效果。因為相較過去研究，其嘗試序列為十六次，而本研究的嘗試序列扣除練習後為三十二次，為國外研究之一倍。因此，為減少疲勞效果與練習效果所帶來的偏誤，本研究讓促發操弄與非促發操弄兩個序列在同一階段呈現。因此，在非恰好性感受誘發組中，其所謂執行感的前、後測，皆為在誘發感受經驗後當下的執行感，而不是非恰好性感受操弄前、後執行感的比較。

此外，在非恰好性感受誘發作業中的實作作業，每項作業皆不限時間，直到參與者完成作業為止，雖然在作業後，參與者再度對自己完成的作業進行評分，

結果顯示其欲調整感受較實作作業中來的高，但仍略低於首次誘發作業時的欲調整感受程度。因此個體的非恰好性感受，在實作作業的過程中，可能因而略為被消弱。因此在未來的研究中，建議可以增加一組為限定作業時間，亦或者直接誘發非恰好性感受而無須讓參與者實際動手整理，讓參與者的不完整性/非恰好性感受更為強烈，以比較完成與未完成作業組別是否有所差異，以更釐清非恰好性感

受在執行感所扮演的角色。

結語與未來方向。雖然本研究有上述之限制，但本研究為國內首次針對強迫特質與不完整/非恰好性感受對執行感影響的探討，期待能夠提供強迫行為的病理機制另一新的觀點。本研究再次支持了前饋線索會增進個體的執行感，且相對於低強迫特質者，高強迫特質者其內在正演模型可能有所缺損，以致無法達到正確的訊號匹配。此外，本研究發現在非恰好性感受操弄下，前饋線索對高、低強迫特質者，或許仍具影響力，能降低些許錯誤訊號匹配訊號機率，減低不一致的感受，進而提升執行感。另外，對於具有不完整/非恰好性感受特徵的強迫行為者，

此種感受可能為其強迫行為之動機，以此為基石，進而引發非理性的認知信念。

因此，對治療的建議為應以處理個案情緒感受為首要目標，或許能讓個案藉由習慣或接納此感受經驗，進而改變其認知評價。未來的研究可改善本研究之限制，

進一步探討非恰好性感受對情緒感受或認知信念的影響，以更提升具強迫行為的個案對其行為之情緒因應方式，進而提升生活品質。

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在文檔中強迫特質與非恰好性感受對執行感的影響 (頁 121-142)

第四章 綜合討論

第三節 研究限制與未來方向

參考文獻

第四章綜合討論

第三節研究限制與未來方向