• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 討論

第二節 研究限制

本研究個案皆來自於彰化市三家養護機構,故無法全然代表住在機構的老人其家 屬的經驗感受。其次,因研究者選擇的樣本,是家屬前來探視老人時,研究者詢問同意 之後接受訪談,可能會遺漏掉探視頻率少的家屬,或許他們有不同的經驗感受。此外,

在負向危機結果中,家庭成員對分擔照顧責任的計較之編碼,只有一位個案,或許是因 為在台灣民眾的觀念,會認為家醜不可外揚,也可能是在訪談者與個案的關係建立不深 之下,個案不想提及,故而無法豐富此編碼。最後,此研究是以理論做為引導,運用危 機理論之架構發展半結構式訪談指引及分析訪談資料,在此情況下,可能會侷限個案所 表達的老人安置機構之經驗。

第三節 研究應用及建議

近年台灣人口快速老化,但生育率卻大幅減少,可預知未來面臨老人的照護問題 會更加嚴重,而選擇長期照護機構,是多數家屬認為最能快速改善當前的照護困境。基 於本研究所發現家庭照顧者面臨的危機困境、決定機構安置當下的危機感受,以及老人 進入機構後的危機結果,對未來護理臨床及護理研究提出建議,並分述如下。

一、護理臨床應用

(一)臨床照護人員應主動了解老人出院後的安置問題,並妥善做好適切的出院準備照 護計畫,以使家庭成員增加照護技巧的熟練度,或是可以掌控對病情了解,以及後續安 排的準備。

(二)照護資源的資訊傳播不足,使家屬認為只有安置機構照護一途。因此臨床照護人 員需主動了解家屬的照護困難,並整合專業醫療團隊,共同與社工師等相關人員討論合 適於老人及家屬的需求之計畫,並協尋社會福利資源以及提供長期照護服務之轉介,以 提供家屬多方面的長期照護服務選擇。

(三)當老人初入機構,臨床照護人員可以邀請家庭成員共同參加家庭會議,對老人未

來在機構生活,共同設定照護目標,並且同時了解雙方對照護的需求及要求,建立共識,

讓老人獲得良好的生活品質。

(四)主動關心家屬的近況,並利用觀察、傾聽等專業護理技巧,發現家屬的情緒需求,

並給予肯定及支持,著重以身、心、靈的整體性照護。

(五)鼓勵家屬共同投入機構活動,並參與老人的照護決策,以使老人在機構後,家屬 仍具照顧者的掌控權力及責任。

(六)舉辦機構內的家庭支持團體,由住在同間機構內的家屬,一同分享心路歷程,互 相鼓勵,有助於減少家屬的心理困擾,獲得情緒及社會的支持。

(七)臨床照護人員可主動評估老人及家庭成員間關係互動,如有必要時,需成為家庭 溝通的橋樑媒介,做為適當的引導者,使維持家庭正向的緊密關係。

二、護理研究應用

現今國內研究並未有人以危機理論架構探討家庭照顧者安置老人於機構的經驗,

多數是以質性研究探討其經驗,而本研究以此理論將安置機構過程分類成危機來源、危 機表現、危機結果,呈現家庭照顧者在安置機構的經驗中,系統性的了解家屬在安置過 程的衝突、轉折之不同經驗。期望未來可以此發展相關的評估工具,能及時發覺家屬照 護的困境,或是在不同危機階段發展相關措施,亦可衍伸相關性研究,例如性別角色不 同的家庭照顧者與機構安置的結果相關性,以提供未來合宜的個別化處置。

9(2

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