• 沒有找到結果。

1. Richard D. Howland , M.J.M., Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, Third Edition. p. 455.

2. Kumar, A., Fausto, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease(seven edition).

3. Sciubba, J.J., Oral cancer. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2001. 2(4): p. 239-51.

4. 黃振勳、郭英雄,

口腔癌在台灣

.

5.

口腔癌臨床治療共識

. 1998(國家衛生研究院).

6. Lippman, S.M. and W.K. Hong, Molecular markers of the risk of oral cancer. N Engl J Med, 2001. 344(17): p. 1323-6.

7. 紀昭全,

口腔癌治療準則

. 高雄榮民總醫院 癌症防治中心.

8. Dedes, K.J., et al., Bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel for HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer: An economic evaluation. Eur J Cancer, 2009.

9. Arnedos, M. and A.D. Seidman, Emerging targeted therapies for breast cancer.

Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 2007. 21(2): p. 321-40.

10. Hamakawa, H., et al., Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer. Head Neck, 2008. 30(6): p. 800-9.

11. Bebawy, M. and D.M. Sze, Targeting P-glycoprotein for effective oral anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 2008. 8(1): p. 47-52.

12. Gerber, D.E., Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments. Am Fam Physician, 2008. 77(3): p. 311-9.

13. Bainbridge, J.W., et al., Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber's congenital amaurosis. N Engl J Med, 2008. 358(21): p. 2231-9.

14. Pang, J.J., et al., Gene therapy restores vision-dependent behavior as well as retinal structure and function in a mouse model of RPE65 Leber congenital amaurosis.

Molecular Therapy, 2006. 13(3): p. 565-572.

15. Morgan, R.A., et al., Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes. Science, 2006. 314(5796): p. 126-9.

16. Rubinson, D.A., et al., A lentivirus-based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem cells and transgenic mice by RNA interference (vol

33, pg 401, 2003). Nature Genetics, 2007. 39(6): p. 803-803.

17. Jorgensen, R., Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in trans. THE PLANTED CELL, 1990. 2(4): p. 279-289.

18. Romano, N. and G. Macino, Quelling: transient inactivation of gene expression in Neurospora crassa by transformation with homologous sequences. Mol Microbiol, 1992. 6(22): p. 3343-53.

19. Guo S, K.K., par-1, a gene required for establishing polarity in C. elegans embryos, encodes a putative Ser/Thr kinase that is asymmetrically distributed. Cell, 1995.

20. Fire, A., et al., Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 1998. 391(6669): p. 806-11.

21. Mittal, V., Improving the efficiency of RNA interference in mammals. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2004. 5(5): p. 355-365.

22. Buchon, N. and C. Vaury, RNAi: a defensive RNA-silencing against viruses and transposable elements. Heredity, 2006. 96(2): p. 195-202.

23. McAnuff, M.A., G.R. Rettig, and K.G. Rice, Potency of siRNA versus shRNA mediated knockdown in vivo. J Pharm Sci, 2007. 96(11): p. 2922-30.

24. Dawe, R.K., RNA interference on chromosomes. Nature Genetics, 2004. 36: p. 1141.

25. Dykxhoorn, D.M. and J. Lieberman, Knocking down disease with siRNAs. Cell, 2006. 126(2): p. 231-5.

26. Moffat, J. and D.M. Sabatini, Building mammalian signalling pathways with RNAi screens. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2006. 7(3): p. 177-87.

27. Root, D.E., et al., Genome-scale loss-of-function screening with a lentiviral RNAi library. Nat Methods, 2006. 3(9): p. 715-9.

28. Takeshita, F. and T. Ochiya, Therapeutic potential of RNA interference against cancer. Cancer Sci, 2006. 97(8): p. 689-96.

29. Hannon, G.J. and J.J. Rossi, Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference. Nature, 2004. 431(7006): p. 371-8.

30. Derek M. Dykxhoorn, J.L., Knocking down Disease with siRNAs. Cell, July 28,2006.

126.

31. Jackson, A.L. and P.S. Linsley, Noise amidst the silence: off-target effects of siRNAs?

Trends Genet, 2004. 20(11): p. 521-4.

32. McCaffrey, A.P., et al., Inhibition of hepatitis B virus in mice by RNA interference.

Nat Biotechnol, 2003. 21(6): p. 639-44.

33. Bitko, V., et al., Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA. Nat Med, 2005. 11(1): p. 50-5.

34. Ralph, G.S., Silencing mutant SOD1 using RNAi protects against

neurodegeneration and extends survival in an ALS model. NATURE MEDICINE, April,2005.

11.

35. MacKeigan, J.P., L.O. Murphy, and J. Blenis, Sensitized RNAi screen of human kinases and phosphatases identifies new regulators of apoptosis and

chemoresistance. Nat Cell Biol, 2005. 7(6): p. 591-600.

36. Morgan-Lappe, S.E., et al., Identification of ras-related nuclear protein, targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 as

promising cancer targets from an RNAi-based screen. Cancer Research, 2007. 67(9):

p. 4390-4398.

37. Moffat, J., A Lentiviral RNAi Library for Human and Mouse Genes Applied to an Arrayed Viral High-Content Screen. Cell, 2006. 124.

38. Warner, G.C., et al., Molecular classification of oral cancer by cDNA microarrays identifies overexpressed genes correlated with nodal metastasis. International Journal of Cancer, 2004. 110(6): p. 857-868.

39. Lo, W.Y., et al., Identification of over-expressed proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients by clinical proteomic analysis. Clin Chim Acta, 2007.

376(1-2): p. 101-7.

40. Hofman, P., et al., Prognostic significance of cortactin levels in head and neck

squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with epidermal growth factor receptor status.

Br J Cancer, 2008. 98(5): p. 956-64.

41. Vernon, A.E. and C. LaBonne, Tumor metastasis: a new twist on

epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Curr Biol, 2004. 14(17): p. R719-21.

42. Molinolo, A.A., et al., Dysregulated molecular networks in head and neck carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol, 2008.

43. Massague', J., HOW CELLS READ TGF-β SIGNALS. Nature reviews ,molecular cell biology, 2000. 1.

44. Derynck, R., R.J. Akhurst, and A. Balmain, TGF-beta signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Nat Genet, 2001. 29(2): p. 117-29.

45. Gross, N.D., et al., Inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinases suppresses the growth of experimental head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, 2007.

13(19): p. 5910-7.

46. Kim, M.J., et al., c-Src-p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Is Required for Akt Activation in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Molecular Cancer Research, 2008. 6(12): p. 1872-1880.

47. Ikeda, A., et al., Genomic organization and fine-mapping of the human leucine zipper-bearing kinase (LZK) gene. J Biochem Mol Biol Biophys, 2002. 6(2): p.

113-7.

48. Trinczek, B., et al., MARK4 is a novel microtubule-associated proteins/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase that binds to the cellular microtubule network and to centrosomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004. 279(7): p. 5915-5923.

49. Allen, C.T., et al., Role of activated nuclear factor-kappaB in the pathogenesis and therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck, 2007. 29(10):

p. 959-71.

50. Gilmore, T.D., Introduction to NF-kappaB: players, pathways, perspectives.

Oncogene, 2006. 25(51): p. 6680-4.

第七章 附錄

附錄一、HIV-1 基因組態與 pCMVΔR8.91 包裹質體及 pLKO.1-puro 轉植載體比 較圖。

如圖所示 pCMVΔR8.91 保留了 HIV-1 的 Gag、 Pol、 Tat 與 Rev 蛋白質序 列,但是卻刪除或截短 HIV-1 的 Vif、 Vpr、 Vpu、 Env 與 Nef 等蛋白使其無 法轉譯出來。與 HIV-1 病毒複製所需的 cis elements 如 HIV-1 LTR、 pbs (primer binding site)、 PPT (polypuring tract)、 包裹序列 (Ψ package signal)、

RRE (rev response element) 等均被排除於此質體中。相對地,pLKO.1-puro 只 保留了 HIV-1 與反轉錄作用、Ψ 包裹訊號、RRE、與整合插入到染色體等相關 序列;且此質體不會表達任何一種 HIV-1 的蛋白,加上大部份的 U3 序列已從此 質體刪除,因此,反轉錄作用形成後的縮小版 HIV-1 LTR 不具有啟動子功能,使 得 Lentiviral Vector 安全性提高了一層,此類載體稱之為自我限制病毒載體 (self-inactivating viral vector; SIN)。這些因素加起來,使得此系統產生的 Lentiviral Vector 生物安全性非常高。

(來源:中央研究院 RNAi 核心設施)

附錄二、1263 個基因的功能分類表 ( 中研院基因體中心 提供)

Function Category =113 Gene

number

% of total genes

Kinase 737 59.63%

Phosphatase 209 16.91%

NONE 64 5.18%

kinase&Phosphatase 30 2.43%

spliceosome 15 1.21%

androgen 11 0.89%

hydrolase 8 0.65%

geneCards.disease 8 0.65%

transcriptionFactor;nuclearHormoneRecpt;nucHR;youngLabTF;receptor 7 0.57%

tumorSuppressor;geneCards.disease;tumorSupp.dbEst 6 0.49%

transcriptionFactor;youngLabTF 5 0.40%

isomerase 4 0.32%

tumorSuppressor;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;tumorSupp.dbEst 4 0.32%

transcriptionFactor;TF;youngLabTF 4 0.32%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;TF;tumorSupp.dbEst;youngLabTF 4 0.32%

transcriptionFactor;nuclearHormoneRecpt;geneCards.disease;nucHR;youngLabTF;rece

ptor 4 0.32%

geneCards.disease;cytokinesAndReceptors 3 0.24%

ubiquination;E2E3 3 0.24%

proteinDegrad;protease;proteaseInhibitor;ubiqAncillary;meropsProtInhib;proteinDegradat

ion;E2E3ancillary 3 0.24%

geneCards.disease;spliceosome 2 0.16%

protease;alzheimer;meropsProtease 2 0.16%

geneCards.disease;receptor 2 0.16%

transcriptionFactor;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;youngLabTF 2 0.16%

tumorSuppressor;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;RAS;tumorSupp.dbEst 2 0.16%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;TF;tumorSu

pp.dbEst;youngLabTF 2 0.16%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;tumorSupp.

dbEst;youngLabTF 2 0.16%

gpcr;GPCRdb 2 0.16%

ionChannel;ionChan;receptor 2 0.16%

transcriptionFactor;geneCards.disease;TF;youngLabTF 2 0.16%

cytokinesAndReceptors 2 0.16%

protease;geneCards.disease;proteinase;meropsProtease 2 0.16%

proteinDegrad;geneCards.disease;proteinDegradation 2 0.16%

geneCards.disease;hydrolase 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;geneCards.disease;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

nuclease 1 0.08%

oxidase;oxygenase;geneCards.disease;androgen 1 0.08%

dehydrogenase;hydrogenase;dehydrogenase;hydrogenase;androgen;dehydro 1 0.08%

gpcr;androgen;receptor 1 0.08%

ionChannel;androgen;calciumBinding;ionChan 1 0.08%

gpcr;gProtein;androgen;gProt 1 0.08%

proteaseInhibitor;androgen;meropsProtInhib 1 0.08%

geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;androgen;hydrolase 1 0.08%

transferase;aminase 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;androgen;TF;tumorSupp.dbEst;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;geneCards.disease;androgen;TF;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

protease;androgen;receptor;meropsProtease 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;androgen;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

alzheimer;internalPh;isomerase 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;alzheimer;ubiquination;geneCards.disease;E2E3;proteinDegradation 1 0.08%

androgen;hydrolase 1 0.08%

transferase;androgen 1 0.08%

transferase;geneCards.disease;androgen 1 0.08%

reductase;androgen;reduct 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;rho;GEF;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;acetylase;transferase;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

tumorSuppressor;geneCards.disease;rasGap;tumorSupp.dbEst 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;ubiquination;ubiqAncillary;gpcrPathway;tumorSupp.

dbEst;youngLabTF;E2E3ancillary 1 0.08%

geneCards.disease;synthase 1 0.08%

geneCards.disease;ligase 1 0.08%

polymerase 1 0.08%

oxidase;geneCards.disease 1 0.08%

lipase 1 0.08%

internalPh;spliceosome 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;spliceosome;TF;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

protease;deubiquination;deubiq;meropsProtease 1 0.08%

spliceosome;nuclease 1 0.08%

gpcr;geneCards.disease;receptor;chemokinesAndRecept 1 0.08%

geneCards.disease;internalPh;receptor 1 0.08%

gpcr;geneCards.disease;receptor 1 0.08%

internalPh;receptor 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;nuclearHormoneRecpt;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;nucHR

;youngLabTF;receptor 1 0.08%

protease;cytokinesAndReceptors;meropsProtease 1 0.08%

gpcr_ancillary;geneCards.disease;gpcrAncillary;chemokinesAndRecept 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;geneCards.disease;youngLabTF;receptor 1 0.08%

ubiquination;geneCards.disease;E2E3;ligase 1 0.08%

geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;cytokinesAndReceptors;receptor 1 0.08%

ubiquination;E2E3;receptor 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;proteinDegrad;geneCards.disease;TF;proteinDegradation;youngLabT

F 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;geneCards.disease;proteinDegradation;nuclease 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;ubiqAncillary;geneCards.disease;proteinDegradation;E2E3ancillary 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;proteinDegrad;tumorSuppressor;ubiquination;geneCards.cancer;gen

eCards.disease;TF;tumorSupp.dbEst;proteinDegradation;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;geneCards.disease;synthase;proteinDegradation 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;proteinDegradation;cytokinesAndR

eceptors;receptor 1 0.08%

gpcr;proteinDegrad;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;proteinDegradation;receptor 1 0.08%

gpcr;proteinDegrad;geneCards.disease;rho;proteinDegradation 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;proteinDegrad;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;proteinDegrada

tion;cytokinesAndReceptors;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;rasGap;proteinDegradation 1 0.08%

dehydrogenase;proteinDegrad;dehydrogenase;hydrogenase;geneCards.disease;protein

Degradation;dehydro 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;proteinDegrad;proteinDegradation;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

proteinDegrad;ubiqAncillary;proteinDegradation;E2E3ancillary 1 0.08%

tumorSuppressor;geneCards.disease;tumorSupp.dbEst;cytokinesAndReceptors 1 0.08%

RAS 1 0.08%

protease;deubiquination;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;deubiq;meropsProtease 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;geneCards.disease;TF;tumorSupp.dbEst;youngLab

TF 1 0.08%

tumorSuppressor;tumorSupp.dbEst 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;ubiquination;geneCards.disease;TF;tumorSupp;tum

orSupp.dbEst;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

calciumBinding 1 0.08%

hydrolase;nuclease 1 0.08%

geneCards.disease;hydrolase;nuclease 1 0.08%

geneCards.disease;mutase 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;ubiquination;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease

;TF;E2E3;tumorSupp.dbEst;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

gProtein;gpcr_ancillary;gpcrAncillary;gProt 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;ubiquination;acetylase;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;TF;you

ngLabTF 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;tumorSuppressor;tumorSupp.dbEst;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

hydrogenase;dehydrogenase;hydrogenase;geneCards.disease;dehydro 1 0.08%

tumorSuppressor;cyclin;geneCards.disease;tumorSupp.dbEst 1 0.08%

acetylase 1 0.08%

ionChannel;ionChan 1 0.08%

geneCards.disease;synthase;ligase 1 0.08%

synthase;ligase 1 0.08%

transcriptionFactor;geneCards.cancer;geneCards.disease;TF;youngLabTF 1 0.08%

synthase 1 0.08%

esterase 1 0.08%