第五章 綜合討論
第四節 結語
在修復式司法中，犯罪的加害人被害人雙方如何互動、如何促進雙方正向 的改變一直以來是備受矚目的議題。雖然歐美已經累積了相當之研究，但台灣 在2010 年始開始推動修復式司法試行方案，但目前我們仍然缺少本土的實證研 究。
誠然在台灣進行學術研究不易，尤其是小眾議題的研究往往需要同時兼顧 理論與實務價值。我們認為一個高生態效度的實驗可以同時有理論上的發現與 實際應用的價值，希望本研究可以促進更多相關研究、台灣修復式司法、被害 人保護的進步。
參考文獻
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黃囇莉、鄭琬蓉與黃光國（2008）：〈邁向發聲之路: 上下關係中 “忍” 的歷程 與自我之轉化〉。《本土心理學研究》，29，3-76。
廖玲燕（1999）：《台灣本土社會讚許量表之編製及其心理歷程分析》（未出版之 碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學，台北市。取自
https://hdl.handle.net/11296/496674
鍾晨玉（2017）：《殺人與傷人事件屬性對他人看待被害人家屬不仇恨言論之影 響探討》（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學，台北市。取自
https://hdl.handle.net/11296/78w529
瞿海源、畢恆達、劉長萱、楊國樞（2015）：《社會及行為科學研究法：質性研 究法》（第一版）。臺北：東華書局。
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尾註
i各題項評分者間信度的Cohen’s Kappa 如下表。需要注意的是，其中 Cohen’s Kappa 在某些題項中為 0。根據 Cicchetti 與 Feinstein (1990)，此種情況 被稱之為Cicchetti’s paradox。研究中用來計算評分者間信度的樣本過少，當絕 大多數樣本都被編碼成同一個類別時，以原始同意度為基準計算期望值進行誤 差修正的Cohen’s Kappa，其期望值會直逼原始同意度。換句話說原始同意度會 全部被當成誤差。這並不意謂著評分者間信度極低。因此Cohen’s Kappa 在此
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附錄一 前導研究虛擬情境與問卷
您好，感謝您填寫「道歉焦點與歸因之影響研究」，本研究目的在於了解一 個衝突事件中加害人道歉如何被受害人感知、解讀，並影響受害人對衝突事件 的解釋與歸因。
填答問卷的參與者不需具名，過程中除了性別與年齡以外，不會蒐集任何 個人資訊。此外，為維持研究準確性，一人限填答一次。
為答謝參與者的辛勞，問卷回收完畢後，將從有效問卷中隨機抽出5 名以 玆感謝。獎項為全家便利商店100 元禮券共 5 名。如欲參加抽獎者，請依照系 統在問卷最後留下您的個人有效的信箱以利後續聯絡。
問卷流程如下：我們會先描述一個事件，請您想像您就是當事人(也就是以 第二人稱「你」的角色)，請盡您所能地帶入該角色，模擬這個人可能產生的想 法、情感。過程中可能會有一些其他角色跟您互動。接著請您回答一些問題。
你今天來到一個心理學實驗室參加實驗，同時有另外一位陌生人A 也來參 加實驗。來到實驗室，實驗者B 開始解說實驗流程，你們兩個人必須先各自用 電腦完成一份問卷與一些測驗，之後兩個人要一起討論測驗內容，最後再回答 B 一些問題。整個實驗流程大約 30 分鐘，全部完成後可獲得 200 元的報酬。講 解完後B 拿出參與實驗同意書讓你們簽名，你們都同意並簽名了。接著 B 說你 們有十五分鐘可以完成問卷與測驗(快的話只要十分鐘左右就能做完)，並拿出 手機計時。
實驗室配置如下圖
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開始計時後，你們兩人迅速坐到電腦前開始填答。不知過了多久，B 表示 要去上廁所而離開實驗室。然後過了大概一分鐘，A 也說要上廁所而離開。你 就自己繼續填答問卷。
接著A 回到電腦前繼續填答。又過了一會 B 才回到實驗室。B 一進實驗室 就說：「欸我的手機呢？我剛剛放在桌上計時啊。」你與A 都表示沒有看到。B 在講桌附近找來找去還是找不到。
此時A 表示：「我印象中剛剛出去上廁所時還有看到啊。」
B 看著你說：「所以剛剛就只有你在實驗室裡？那你有拿我手機嗎？」
你澄清沒有拿。但是B 不相信。B 以強硬的口氣要求你把口袋裡的東西拿 出來，並打開背包讓他檢查。並強調如果不聽他的話就只好報警解決。眼見B 看待你們兩人的目光越來越懷疑，A 先把自己口袋裡的東西拿出來，並把背包 打開讓B 檢查以示清白。
在你決定是否要把東西拿出來、打開背包前，另外一個人C 突然打開門進 來：「B，你的手機剛剛放在研究室桌上耶，我看你在計時是不是在做實驗？」
原來B 剛才把手機拿出去卻忘了。
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15. 對於剛才實驗者的道歉，你有甚麼情緒、感受或想法?
16. 那不好意思接下來這個問題有點複雜，請問在我拿手機進來之後，但是她 (實驗者 A)道歉之前，在這個時間點時你覺得這件事情是誰的錯?
17. 那在她道歉後你有無改變這方面的想法?
18. 請問你是否為台大學生、過去做心理學實驗的經驗豐富嗎?
19. 由於實驗一開始涉及隱瞞參與者的部分，所以之後請不要對外講實驗的內 容，感謝
20. 關於這個實驗有甚麼其他問題